Regular maintenance of your car at the highest level. Maintenance

Replacement technical fluids and consumables, as well as high-quality diagnostics of the main components of the car - this critical processes to be produced on a regular basis. Also, car maintenance often includes alignment adjustments, ignition adjustments, and checking engine settings. Proper execution these processes guarantees reliable operation your car.

The main stages of car maintenance

Each manufacturer sets its own requirements for regular vehicle maintenance. While the car is under warranty, the work is done on official station because that's the only way to save warranty obligations. After removing the warranty, it is easier to find a good unofficial service that will perform:

• oil change in the engine and in the gearbox, diagnostics of units;
• installation of new fuel and air filters, interior space cleaning;
• onboard diagnostics computer system and electrical circuit of the machine;
• scheduled replacement of candles, belts and rollers according to the manufacturer's recommendations.

They also often check wheel alignment and other settings that affect the quality of machine operation. It is impossible to allow non-professional performers to such processes, otherwise your car will not be able to ensure the quality and reliability of movement. The selection of materials and spare parts should also be approached responsibly.

Profitable maintenance in a professional service

High quality car service - main criterion for the car owner, therefore, you should choose a professional service with a guarantee for work and Consumables. A good station will offer the opportunity to purchase spare parts, both original and analogues. Also, specialists will perform all tasks with the following features:

• the possibility of the presence of the owner during the maintenance and repair of the car;
• a full report on the work done, supported by documents;
• high-quality diagnostics of the machine, determination of emerging problems;
• recommendations for operational features models from experts.

The car market is growing every year. Increasingly, people are changing to personal cars, and refuse to use public transport. All these cars require not only urgent repairs, but also diagnostics, planned interventions, etc. Accordingly, the need for servicing these cars is growing. The car service market today is far from being saturated and the shortage of offers continues to grow. This means that opening a car service station will always be in demand.

Market characteristics

According to experts, the car market has more than doubled over the past decade, and every year it is growing by another 8%. And yet it has not yet reached the European average. That is, every year the car park in our country will grow steadily. Along with the growth in the number of cars, the number of service stations is also growing in the country. Basically, these are small private companies that are not tied to global brands.

Therefore, it is not necessary to talk about some kind of structure among car service stations. All of them can deal with both foreign and domestic cars.

Types of car service stations

There are four main types of STO. Not all of them are represented on our market, but knowledge of this structure gives an understanding in which niche it is better to open your project. And also in what direction you can develop a business with a successful start. So, there is such a business car service:

• Authorized. The station is completely subordinated to official dealers or foreign car manufacturers. Therefore, the station has a specialization in specific brand cars. To open such a service, you need a special license. But getting it is not easy - vendors are very selective in determining counterparties. At the same time, the maximum profit from such a station can be obtained in the amount of 10 thousand dollars per month. And then only in major cities, where there are many residents who use foreign cars.
• Network. Absolutely empty niche in the domestic market. On a national scale, no station of this type has yet covered the entire country. The maximum coverage is five regions of the country. The most common today is the Bosch car service station. Also on the market in this segment are the so-called pseudo-networks, which have bought the right to use the brand name, but are not official representatives her services. There is no control over the quality of service from the main office. Such a car service station can bring in up to 7 thousand dollars per month.
• Solitary, without any accreditation. At the same time, they offer a high level of services, which helps them to seriously compete with the stations described above. They provide a similar set of services, but with 30% less interest than authorized outlets. Such a service station will bring in at least $ 2,000 every month, but income usually does not grow above 12,000.
• Individual services. Many do not consider this auto service business to be a business proper, calling such an activity self-employment. Services are provided in their own garages or the master leaves on call. But it is this type of car maintenance that enjoys most in demand. For an entrepreneur, such a project can bring in 800-1200 dollars per month.

Business advertising

Whatever niche you choose, without advertising, your car service business simply cannot survive. It makes sense to advertise network and large car services on outdoor advertising shopping centers, entertainment venues, sports clubs. IN without fail you need to create your own website, advertise on special boards on the Internet. The latter option is also suitable for those who provide private services.

As an extension of the business and additional advertising, an online store of spare parts for cars can act.

If you manage to arrange good business, then in a couple of years you will not have to spend money on advertising. A stable income will be provided by the accumulated customer base, through which new ones will come according to the recommendations.

Preparatory stage of business

For a car service business to be successful, it is necessary to carefully consider and work out the following four main aspects of the enterprise:

• qualified craftsmen;
• place of deployment;
• the target audience;
• list of services.

Before opening the station, it is necessary to analyze the work of competitors in the vicinity. You will also need to register as an individual entrepreneur on the UTII tax form, obtain a work permit from the traffic police, and also obtain permits for premises from the SES and the fire department. At the same time, the service itself should be located in a place with convenient access roads and no closer than 50 meters from residential buildings.

Place for service

Today, finding a suitable site is not so easy. Please note that there is no point in offering multiple services. To withstand competition, it is necessary to make the maximum range of services, and this requires an appropriate area. Expect to buy a plot in a residential area with an area of ​​at least 300 sq. m. The optimal area is 700 sq. m. m.

The place can be rented. To do this, you need to prepare the following documents:

1. Project documentation. Development will cost 10-15 thousand dollars.
2. Coordination of the project with three different commissions.
3. Redeem the right under which the land can be leased. The price may correspond to the amount of land rent for the entire period. In the city center, the cost of a three-year ransom could be 480,000 rubles, and on the outskirts, 60,000 rubles. After construction and registration in the property, it is possible to agree on an extension of the lease term from three to 49 years. This procedure will require another 7.84 or 0.98 million rubles. respectively.

The car service business plan should include the construction of a building, usually of a modular type. Such a building is inexpensive and built in a short time. Three modules are usually built. In the first one there is a sink for two posts, in the second one there is an administrative building, a bathroom, utility rooms. In the third, there are posts for the provision of other services.

Services provided

As already mentioned, the workshop should provide a wide range of services. If you limit yourself to two or three, you can not withstand the competition.

The core set of services should include:

• engine and suspension repairs;
• tire fitting;
• diagnostics and adjustment of wheel alignment;
• oil change;
• washing and interior cleaning.

The most profitable car maintenance services are:

• engine repair;
• gearbox repair;
• replacement of the steering gear;
• replacement of clutch and other parts.

The most unprofitable from an economic point of view is the repair of the brake system, but without it the list of services provided will be incomplete. It is worth including tuning, window tinting, xenon installation and more in the list of car maintenance.

Procurement of equipment and personnel

First of all, the service station business plan should provide for the purchase special equipment. To open a car service center, you will need to purchase the following equipment:

• tools - 100 thousand rubles;
• diagnostics - 60-100 thousand rubles;
• lift - 40-120 thousand rubles.

Please note that depending on the services your project will offer, highly specialized equipment may be required.

The business plan of a car service requires the presence of service personnel. Its staff depends on what services your project offers. To service the equipment, about four craftsmen will be needed, who will work in shifts. They should not only be professionals in their field, but also be able to communicate with people. After all, according to the results of this communication, it also depends on whether your customers will be satisfied, whether they will return to your car service and recommend it to others.

A manager is also needed, the work of which can be performed by the business owner himself. However, it is important that this person has a higher technical education, preferably related to road transport.

Project financial plan

Capital includes:

• documentation as agreed - 20 thousand rubles;
• advertising - 30 thousand rubles;
• purchase and installation of equipment - 2 million rubles.

In total, the project will require at least 2,050,000 rubles.

Each month, the service station business plan should take into account the following expenses:

• salary for craftsmen - 200 thousand rubles;
• consumables and other costs - 80 thousand rubles;
• rent - 150 thousand rubles.

Total - 430 thousand rubles.

As for the revenue side, the revenue will be about 500 thousand rubles. per month, and net profit - 70 thousand rubles. If you carefully think over the business plan of a car service and organize it correctly, the capital costs will pay off relatively quickly.

When calculating the payback, it should be taken into account that December-February for a car service is a dead season. Slightly busier, but also unpopular are May and August. For the remaining time, the turnover of the car service will be approximately 300 thousand dollars, of which net profit is an average of 80 thousand dollars. That is, with investments of about 0.5 million dollars, investments will pay off no earlier than in five years.

Important business details

1. Purchase of spare parts and suppliers. You can search for suppliers at specialized exhibitions or via the Internet. Parts catalogs are usually posted on manufacturers' websites, so you can easily find everything you need. Forming applications, it is necessary to take into account seasonal demand and leave them in advance. It is recommended to buy the most popular spare parts for the future, but this option is more suitable for large car services. The rest can buy through online stores with delivery, but this option usually costs a little more.
2. If you are planning to open a service station from scratch, at the beginning of the business it is better to concentrate on the most demanded services: car wash, painting, tire fitting, body repair.
3. Over time, you can optimize costs by reducing advertising costs, expanding the range of services, reducing equipment maintenance costs, and outsourcing certain works.
4. The attraction of workers from the CIS countries helps to reduce costs. They are more disciplined, able-bodied and ready to receive a lower salary than is established in the market. Typically, a mechanic is paid 30-50% of the cost of the service, a flat rate of $ 200. In total, a mechanic earns from 600 to 1000 dollars per month.
5. To simplify and automate the work and accounting of products, it is recommended to buy special software for computers. These programs cost $120-$200, plus an accounting software program ($700-$1200). In addition, spare parts catalogs ($40-70) can be purchased.

Ready car service

Alternatively, you can buy a ready-made car service. This will reduce the cost of opening, organizing and purchasing equipment. That is why there are many people who want to buy such a business. As a rule, sales offers do not stay on the market longer than a month and a half.

Such a business will cost about 60 thousand dollars, which will return in 6-10 months. Before making a purchase, you need to pay attention to such nuances:

• the term of the lease of the premises and the possibility of its extension;
• the opportunity to save staff, which is usually signed by an agreement with former owner;
• established relationships with suppliers;
• car service location
• quality and level of equipment depreciation;
• the possibility of providing advice to the former owner for about 2-3 months.

You need to understand that investments in a business will be different, depending on the niche in which the entrepreneur decided to work. Accordingly, the payback period will be different. But in any case, such a business does not bring instant profit. As a rule, projects start with small private services, gradually expanding their enterprise. Therefore, the actual rate of return of the business, which is demonstrated by car services in practice, is 70%.

The main link of the car service system is the maintenance subsystem. This subsystem performs services for maintenance, repair and other types of technical impacts in order to ensure safe operation cars of the population and is represented by a wide network of car service enterprises of different capacities, scales and purposes.

The need to create a widely branched, well-equipped and organized network of car service enterprises, one of the main links of which is service stations, is justified, in addition to technical ones, by the following considerations:

- Economic. According to American economists, funds invested in the production of spare parts and maintenance of sold cars provide twice big profit than when investing in the production of these cars;
- Social. Relative danger of a car vehicle is very high and, according to world statistics, the number of road traffic accidents (RTA) due to vehicle malfunctions is 10-15% of the total number of accidents.
Organizational forms of maintenance and repair of cars are quite diverse. Modern service stations are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified by purpose (degree of specialization), location, production capacity(number of production posts and sites) and competitiveness.
Depending on the location, service stations are subdivided into city service stations, mainly serving the fleet of cars of a specific type. locality or territory, and road, providing technical assistance to vehicles on the road. This division determines the difference in the number of production posts and the technological equipment of service stations. Road service stations are universal, have from one to five working posts and are designed to perform washing, lubrication, fastening, adjustment work, elimination of minor failures and malfunctions that occur on the way, as well as for refueling vehicles with fuel and oil. road stations, as a rule, are built in a complex with gas stations.
According to the degree of specialization of cars, car service enterprises are divided into complex (universal), specialized by type of work and self-service service stations. Integrated service stations perform the entire range of maintenance and repair of vehicles. They can be:

Universal- for maintenance and repair of several brands of cars;
specialized- for servicing one brand of car.

With the increase in the fleet of cars and the diversification of its structure, specialized service stations for car brands are being developed. This is confirmed by foreign practice, as well as the experience of such cities as Moscow, St. Petersburg.
Specialized car service enterprises are also classified according to specific brands and types of work (maintenance and repair during the warranty period, maintenance and repair in the post-warranty period).

Types of car service stations

- car maintenance and repair only foreign production - the share of foreign cars in the total fleet is 23%, 28% of car service enterprises are not engaged in servicing foreign cars;
- car maintenance and repair only domestic production - 75% of the fleet, but only 21% of car service enterprises (service);
- maintenance and repair of cars of both domestic and foreign production- 51%, moreover, at car service enterprises, preventive effects prevail over repair ones for cars imported production and repair over preventive - for domestic cars.

Car repairs and accident elimination are usually carried out either by specialized workshops or by relatively large service stations equipped with special equipment.

By type of work, service stations are divided into diagnostic, repair and adjustment of brakes, repair of power supplies and electrical equipment, repair automatic boxes transmission, body repair, tire fitting, washing, etc. For example, in the United States, highly specialized stations and workshops account for up to 25% of their total number.

In terms of production capacity (based on the number of production posts and sites), city service stations can be divided into small, medium, large and large.

Small service stations with up to 10 working posts perform the following types of work: washing and harvesting, express diagnostics, maintenance, lubrication, tire fitting, electric carburetor, bodywork, body tinting, welding, repair of units. The main share of this group is made up of specialized service stations. As a rule, they are only busy with preventive types works and are located within a radius not exceeding 10-15 km from the consumer.

Medium service stations with the number of working posts from 11 to 30 perform the same types of work as small stations. In addition, there is complete diagnostics the technical condition of the vehicle and its units, the painting of the entire vehicle, the replacement of parts, and the sale of vehicles can also be carried out.

Large service stations with more than 30 posts perform all types of maintenance and repair in full. These service stations may have specialized areas for overhaul of units and assemblies. Production lines can be used to perform diagnostic and maintenance work. As a rule, such service stations are carried out.

Currently, about half of the auto service enterprises have a capacity of 1 to 3 working posts; more than 40% - from 4 to 10 posts; 7% - up to 30 posts. Large stations account for less than 2%.

According to competitive characteristics, the market for car services can be divided as follows.

First group- branded (dealer) service stations that sell and service and work directly with firms, concerns, manufacturing enterprises - authorized centers. These specialized workshops have state-of-the-art technological equipment, original spare parts, a wide range of services for a specific brand of cars, trained personnel with a high level of customer service culture, a high reputation and high prices.

Branded service stations perform functions related to the maintenance and repair of vehicles during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation. In addition, they can be considered as subdivisions of car factories, providing them with reliable information about the quality of cars produced. At the same time, branded service stations can act as centers for the production and technical training of personnel.

second group make up the former state service stations, which have extensive experience in car service, specially designed premises, advantageous location, good traditions, but outdated views on the attitude towards the consumer and inertia, which makes it difficult for them to fully and effectively adapt to market conditions. These workshops have good but often outdated equipment, well-established relationships with consumers who are used to using their services, as a rule, low prices, they are trusted, because they have been accustomed to adhere to the laws since the old days, have a good image, but do not best quality spare parts. In terms of market coverage in terms of the range of services, they can be called universal.

TO third group include private, newly created service stations that emerged after the transition to a market economy. In general, they have the same characteristics as the second group.

TO fourth group include car services at the production and technical base of motor transport and other enterprises. Here comparatively low level maintenance and repair technologies, low service culture, low qualification of personnel, low aesthetics of production, overestimated duration of work and narrow specialization in car models.

TO fifth group car service enterprises include garage car services. In terms of characteristics, they are inferior to the enterprises of the previous group.

We will consider the structure of the service station network using the example of Moscow. Here, large car service enterprises account for only about 17%; these are sufficiently powerful specialized enterprises (31% of the city's total capacity). The remaining car service facilities rent sites and production facilities: transport companies(about 40% of the total number of facilities and 39% of the city's capacity), industrial enterprises (19 and 14%, respectively).

Today there is a big gap between demand (the needs of car owners for car repair and maintenance) and the possibility of its full satisfaction. This is due to two main reasons.

First reason- low solvency of a number of car owners, which makes them turn to underground car services. Underground workers are especially active during the warm season, since most of them work in unheated garages and stop their activities in winter. Illegal car services and car washes are literally everywhere. They do not have licenses, do not pay taxes, so their services are much cheaper than in legal service stations. Some car owners generally turn only to them, since a thorough car repair at a legally existing service station is comparable in price to the cost of the car itself. The underground car service occupies a significant part of the car service market, thus hindering the development of legal service stations. It is worth noting that recently the level of consciousness of car owners has been increasing: they are increasingly turning to legal service stations that guarantee high quality work.

The second reason- Lack of production capacity of existing service stations, especially in settlements of regional and district significance, where car service is practically in its infancy. But even in Moscow service stations are sorely lacking. The rapid growth of the vehicle fleet has created serious problems - the overflow of the capital's highways and maintaining the proper technical condition of cars. Currently, there are 2.6 thousand car service enterprises, while there should be about 10 thousand. The Moscow Government has adopted a program aimed at developing and improving car service services in the city.
Former Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov proposed a simplified registration procedure for opening centers as a measure to support and develop service stations. Luzhkov instructed specialists to prepare the relevant documents, including a standard design of buildings for new technical centers. "I think it has special meaning for small and medium businesses. This task is not for monopolists,” he specified. At the same time, in Moscow, it is necessary to implement training programs for personnel, primarily managers of technical centers. With the implementation of this program, the number of service stations in Moscow should increase several times, as a result of which service enterprises that do not meet the requirements for safety, environmental friendliness and quality of services provided.

Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn:

The growth in the volume of services rendered lags behind the pace of motorization in the country;
- the need for car services is insufficiently provided, car service enterprises are distributed unevenly across cities, so the problem of ensuring the quantity and territorial availability of car services is very relevant;
- the successful functioning of the service station is possible when taking into account all the innovations in the field of auto maintenance, the accumulation and analysis of statistical material, the creation of standard designs of stations, united by a single concept and the possibility of transformation, the presence of highly qualified specialists in this field;
- Creation joint ventures with the participation of foreign partners in the field of car service will contribute to the acquisition of experience, the speedy disposal of negative aspects in the activities of the car service enterprise, the accumulation of financial resources for the development of this service sector.

By question additional information You can contact

There are fewer people among us who prefer public transport personal car. The number of motorists is steadily growing, and with it the need for maintenance and repair of "iron horses". Demand for car service is always stable, even the most perfect modern machines. In order to successfully open a car service and service station, you need a competent business plan. Its main task is to develop the optimal variant of the organization of a car service, designed to service cars.

car service market

The development of the car service market directly depends on the number of cars in Russia. Over the past ten years, the domestic vehicle fleet has more than tripled, and these figures are increasing every year.

The structure of the car maintenance market currently includes:

1. Authorized car services that specialize mainly in servicing only a certain brand of car. Entering such a business is quite difficult, because official dealers and automakers choose their partners very carefully.
2. Network car services that have their offices in various regions. Currently, this segment of the market is not yet sufficiently developed.
3. Single car service. Such services are not accredited, but are in high demand among car owners, since the price for the services of such car services is usually 20-30% lower.
4. Individual car maintenance services. Such services can hardly be called a business, but in Russia they are in good demand.

An example of a car service business plan

If you don’t know how to open a car service from scratch, then the ready-made service station business plan below will help you organize this business.

Description of the enterprise

The success of an organized car service is determined by the following criteria:

• the range of services provided;
• the target audience;
• production area;
• qualified personnel.

It is necessary to take into account the legislation, according to which the premises of the maintenance company are located no closer than 50 m from residential facilities and are equipped with a centralized sewage system. Obligatory coordination with the traffic police, SES and the fire service.

You need to know where the access roads and competing service stations are located. 300 square meters is the optimal area for a car service center for cars. It is important to analyze the work of competitors in advance and take into account the preferences of car owners regarding car brands. The key to the successful operation of the service station is the qualification and professionalism of auto repairmen. Form of organization - individual entrepreneur(IP), taxation - UTII.

Services provided

A car service business plan should provide for the provision of a wide range of services. Most advantageous views works: repair of the engine and gearbox, replacement of the steering gear and clutch and other parts of the machine. Among the most unprofitable is the repair of the brake system, but it must be included in the list of work performed. It is advisable to choose a narrow specialization for the service station: tuning, xenon installation, glass tinting or something else. You can also focus on service individual brands machines.

Analysis of the car repair and maintenance market

The new car service has a great chance of success, because, despite the large number of competitors, in large cities there is common problem with the efficiency of the services provided. In the business plan of the service station, it is necessary to analyze in detail the work of neighboring competitors according to the following parameters:

• list of services provided;
• prices for services;
• the target audience.

Thus, you can find unoccupied niches and weak points of working car services.

Workshop production plan

The future of service stations beyond buying or renting production area equipment will be needed, in thousands of rubles:

• lift - 40-120;
• diagnostics - 60-100;
• tools - 100.

Depending on the list of services, other highly specialized equipment may also be needed.

The staff of the car service is also determined by the features of the service. 2-3 masters are constantly working, which is ensured by hiring 4-6 people during daily work. The manager can be an employee, or maybe the owner of the service himself.

car service financial plan

Expenses, in rubles:

Capital expenditures:

• purchase of equipment, its installation - 2,000,000;
• advertising - 30,000;
• approval - 20,000.

Total: 2,050,000.

Current expenses:

• rent - 150,000;
• current costs, consumables - 80,000;
• salary - 200,000.

Total: 430,000.

Income, in rubles:

• Revenue - 500,000 (per month).
• Profit - 70,000.

The correct organization of a car service will provide a stable profit, but it will take some time for the capital costs to pay off.

Basic business secrets

1. Procurement of spare parts and establishing relationships with suppliers. The necessary spare parts catalogs can be found on the websites of dealers and manufacturers. You can also visit specialized exhibitions and choose a supplier. Applications are best made in advance, taking into account seasonal fluctuations in demand. It is very convenient to buy auto parts with a "reserve". Although this option requires significantly higher costs, the necessary spare part is always available. Such a scheme is most relevant for network car services, when every detail will be in demand anyway.
2. For maximum profit to the owner open car service from scratch, it is worth concentrating your efforts on the most profitable types of services, which include body repair, tire fitting, car painting, car wash.
3. The increase in the profitability of the enterprise is associated with an increase in the number of customers and a decrease in costs. To this end, it is possible to expand the range of services, reduce equipment costs by ordering certain works from specialized companies, cut rent payments or reduce advertising costs.

Buying a car service

To save time on organizing and promoting a car service, you can purchase a ready-made enterprise. average cost such a business - about 60 thousand dollars. When buying a ready-made car service, you need to pay attention to:

• the validity period and the possibility of prolonging the lease agreement with the owner of the premises;
• retention of an experienced team;
• the presence of formalized relationships with suppliers of auto parts;
• the location of the car service, the presence of a convenient entrance;
• the quality of the equipment available.

All these conditions significantly affect the price of a finished business.

STOAs can perform the following functions: - car sales and pre-sales service for new and used cars; – sale of spare parts, operating materials and accessories for vehicles; – maintenance and repair during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation; – diagnostics of knots and units; – anticorrosive protection of bodies;

– overhaul of units; – subscription service (under the contract); – preparation of vehicles for technical inspection; – organization of workplaces for self-service; – rendering technical assistance on the roads; – checking and adjusting engines for compliance with toxicity standards exhaust gases; - consultations on issues technical operation cars.

Modern service stations- These are multifunctional enterprises that can be classified by purpose, location, production capacity and specialization.

Depending on destination and placement of service stations are divided into city and road.

City service stations are intended mainly for servicing the fleet of cars of a particular settlement or territory.

road stations– to provide technical assistance to all vehicles on the way: cars, trucks and buses.

By the nature of the main activity, urban Service stations can be complex (perform the entire range of maintenance and repair works), warranty (often from manufacturers) and specialized (according to specific models cars or by type of work: diagnostic, repair and adjustment of brakes, bodies, power devices, ignition, batteries and etc.).

Urban service stations are divided into the following groups according to their production capacity and type of work performed: - small stations (number of working posts up to 10); - medium stations (number of working posts up to 30); – large stations (number of working posts up to 50); – large stations (the number of working posts is more than 50).

12.Organization of maintenance and repair of cars owned by citizens: the system of maintenance and repair of cars during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation, the structure of the auto maintenance system.

Taking into account the peculiarities of the operation of cars and the rights of their owners, a preventive maintenance and repair system is applied, the basics of which are set out in the "Regulation on the maintenance and repair of cars owned by citizens."

Pre-sale preparation vehicles includes: - a set of mandatory works to remove a layer of temporary anti-corrosion protection from the painted surface of the body, check the presence of oils and special liquids in units and systems, carrying out cleaning and washing operations, checking and adjusting units, assemblies and systems, especially those that ensure traffic safety, checking technical documentation and its compliance with body and unit numbers (the labor intensity of these works is 3.5 man-hours) ; - a set of works to eliminate the identified faults (3.5-4.5% of the cars sold); - complex additional work for installation anti-theft devices, mirrors, anti-corrosion treatment body, etc. (at the request of buyers).

Warranty service provides for maintenance and diagnostics (at the expense of car owners, except for works necessarily recommended by the manufacturer), repair (if the driver complies with the operating rules - at the expense of the manufacturer or service station), consultations on explaining the rules for operating and storing cars, driver training self-fulfillment individual adjustments.

During the post-warranty period maintenance and repair are carried out in accordance with the "Regulations on the maintenance and repair of passenger cars owned by citizens." The regulation establishes the types and standards of technical impacts, contains the main recommendations for the organization of maintenance, TR and KR at the service station. At the same time, the maintenance mode is regulated service book(SK), applied to the car when it is sold and including, for example, service coupons for VAZ cars after 2–3 thousand km, 9.5–10 thousand km. The frequency of maintenance, the list and scope of operations are determined by the manufacturers. Modern passenger cars have runs up to the next MOT after the first service - 15-30 thousand km.

Overhaul of units is carried out at car repair enterprises and specially equipped service stations.

Rice. 5.1. The structure of the system of maintenance and repair of cars owned by citizens

Organization of maintenance and repair of passenger cars owned by citizens: a system of maintenance and repair of cars during the warranty and post-warranty periods of operation, the structure of the auto maintenance system.

The organization of the production process at the service station is carried out according to the following scheme

If the workshop sells cars, they are sent to the pre-sales facility (and, if necessary, to the appropriate area for troubleshooting), and from there to the storage area and store. Cars arriving at the service station for maintenance and repair are washed, arrive at the acceptance site to determine the scope of work, and are sent through the waiting area (or bypassing it) to the appropriate production site. In the washing area, body and trunk saline is cleaned, the engine, wheels, car (bottom and top), and drying are washed. When harvesting and washing, jet-brush, drying, dust-pine and various kinds of specialized installations are used. To restore and extend the service life paintwork body polishing can be performed in this area. The site for receiving and issuing cars is intended for external examination and checking the completeness of the car and its technical condition, determining the approximate scope of work, monitoring the work performed and handing over the car to the owner. As equipment, floor posts or lifts are used. If necessary, to establish the cause of malfunctions, the master-receiver sends the car to the diagnostic posts or makes a test drive of the car. At the diagnostic site, hidden malfunctions in the brake system, suspension, engine, power systems and electrical equipment are revealed, the residual resource is predicted, minor malfunctions are eliminated, the residual resource is controlled, the quality of maintenance and technical operations is controlled. Depending on the size of the workshop, the diagnostic area is located at one to three posts (combined or separate stands for checking the engine, brakes, suspension), and at large stations in the maintenance and repair zones, additional posts can be organized for checking and adjusting wheel alignment, dynamic wheel balancing, headlight check. At the site (zone) of guard work for maintenance and repair, preventive and repair operations, removal and installation of units and assemblies are carried out. Works are carried out on floor posts, inspection ditches (with and without lifts), overpasses, stationary lifts (hydraulic single-plunger, two- and four-post electromechanical), tilters, painting and drying chambers, etc. Taking into account the specifics of the work performed at the service station , it is recommended to equip 60–70% of posts with lifts. Components and assemblies removed from vehicles can be sent for inspection and repair to specialized production sites: aggregate-mechanical, tire fitting and tire repair, fuel equipment, electrical equipment, batteries, painting and anti-corrosion coating, wallpaper. The scope of work in these departments and the equipment used are basically similar to those used in the ATP of cars. By technical purpose distinguish between the following types of posts: – work posts; – car-places; - auxiliary posts; - posts for receiving and issuing cars, drying at the site of cleaning and washing operations, preparation and drying at the painting site; - waiting posts.

14. Features of the organization and technology of work at the sites of the service station: receiving and issuing cars, diagnostics, maintenance, current repair and pre-sale preparation of cars. Acceptance and issue of the car are carried out, as a rule, at a specialized post (section), in the presence of the customer or his representative. Upon acceptance, the following types of work are performed: - checking the compliance of the license plate data of the car with the data recorded in the technical passport; - control inspection car; – determination and coordination with the customer of the volume, we stand. and terms of performance of works; - preparation of primary documentation. Control inspection when accepting a car, it provides for: - inspection of the car in accordance with the types of work declared by the owner; – Inspection to determine the general technical condition of the vehicle; - checking the completeness of the car. To obtain an objective assessment of the technical condition of the car and the upcoming scope of work, with the consent of the customer and at his expense, the car can be sent for diagnosis, after which a control and diagnostic card is issued. Acceptance of vehicles for maintenance or repair is carried out direct or indirect acceptance, by appointment or by express service. Direct acceptance is an organizational process that begins with an initial contact with the client by phone, an appointment made in advance in accordance with the wishes of the clients, and the distribution of the acceptance by the dispatcher throughout the day, so that each client receives the personal attention of the receptionist. Indirect acceptance differs from the direct one in that the client leaves his car at the PA for subsequent maintenance or repair. After completion of the work, the client is notified by phone or otherwise, after which he takes the repaired car. Pre-entry. The system of pre-setting the date and time of handing over the car for repair is convenient for the customer - he can choose a convenient time or make the most of the car for business, handing it over for repair in the evening or at night. This system allows the enterprise to plan the distribution of the workload of mechanics and capacities. Express service - This is a car service that takes a total time of no more than 1.5 hours. This type of service is used when minor faults, such as, for example, replacing burnt out light bulbs, checking and adjusting engine power systems for the content of toxic substances in exhaust gases, etc. PBX is issued to the customer after full payment for the work performed, upon presentation of a copy of the acceptance certificate and the work order, documents proving the identity of the owner, and for the representative of the owner - also a power of attorney for receipt, drawn up in the prescribed manner. The scope of work performed and the completeness of the vehicle must comply with those specified in the work order and acceptance certificate. The issuance of the automatic telephone exchange to the customer is carried out by the receiving master after control of the completeness and quality of the work performed. Control inspection when issuing a car provides for: - control inspection of the car in accordance with the work performed on maintenance or repair; – control inspection to ensure safety traffic; - checking the completeness of the car.

15. Technological layout of the service station (STO): requirements for planning solutions; the composition of the service station premises and their relative position, analysis of the design solutions of the service station.

Service stations are located in industrial and municipal warehouse areas with the closest possible proximity to car storage areas (city service stations) or main highways (road service stations). For the service station area, as a rule, a rectangular area with an aspect ratio of 2:3 is selected. . Dimensions land plots STOA can be accepted using the following recommendations, depending on the number of work posts:

10 posts - 1 ha; 15 posts - 1.5 ha; 25 posts - 2.0 ha; 40 posts - 3.5 hectares.

On the territory of the service station there are: - the main building (production, storage, administrative and amenity premises); – treatment facilities; – parking of cars awaiting repair (open); – parking of repaired cars (under a canopy); – car parking before sale (under a canopy); – warehouses paintwork materials, oxygen, acetylene; – posts for self-service (under a canopy or closed). The arrangement of cars is made taking into account the independence of the exit of all cars at an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the passage.

Distances from service stations to residential and public buildings should be taken at least (with the number of workers (less than 10 people / above 10)) - (15m / 25m) to residential buildings, 50 m to school buildings.

When choosing a site and placing buildings and structures on it, one should take into account the possibility of expanding the service station with minimal restructuring. Reserved areas can be used for organizing paid parking.

At the core planning solution Service stations are based on the scheme of the production process, the composition of the premises, space-planning solutions, as well as fire-prevention and sanitary-hygienic requirements for individual zones and sections.

Height of industrial premises 3.6 m – without crane equipment and 4.8 m - equipped with overhead crane equipment.

Production part an integrated service station may include the following zones, sections, departments: - cleaning, washing, drying, polishing the body; – acceptance-issuance; – diagnosing; - TO, TR, warranty service; – lubricants; – body repair; – full or partial painting; - anti-corrosion treatment of the body; – repair of power system devices; – repair of electrical appliances; – charging and repair of storage batteries; – repair of units; - mechanical work; – copper and reinforcing works; – works on pre-sales preparation; - control room, bureau for monitoring the loading of posts and rationing.

The cleaning and washing area should be located taking into account its possible use both before maintenance and repair, and as an independent service, i.e. without subsequent travel through the territory of the service station. Crossing the routes of movement of cars on the territory of the station is not allowed. The acceptance-delivery area should be adjacent to both the administrative and commercial and the production part of the service station. It is adjacent to the diagnostic section, which should be located so that it is convenient to use it both when checking the quality of maintenance and repair, and diagnosing a car according to a consumer complaint. The diagnostic area is usually located adjacent to the client area. This enables the client to be present during the diagnosis of his car, or at least to observe the progress of this process through a glazed partition from the client's room. Client rooms can be equipped with devices that duplicate the readings of the main diagnostic equipment. Centralized distribution of fresh and collection of used motor and gear oils should be provided for at service stations with more than 10 working posts. At service stations with up to 10 working posts (inclusive), it is allowed to place posts for body repair using welding in the premises of maintenance and repair posts, provided that these posts are fenced with solid fireproof screens 2 high, 5 m from the floor and provided with centralized gas supply. Compressors with a power of up to 14 kW, assembled with air collectors, can be installed in rooms for washing posts or maintenance and repair stations with up to five posts, inclusive. The TO and TR zone is the main one and, by the nature of the production process, should be connected with all production sites and the central warehouse. When developing workshop layouts, it is recommended to use standard solutions. Below are examples of such solutions (projects). A low-power service station includes a station with six working posts (Fig. 5.3). The station performs maintenance and repair works of 720 vehicles per year. The building of this station is made with a shift of its two parts with dimensions of 42 12 and 30 12 m relative to each other, which achieves improved illumination of the TO and TR area 1. In the main workshop hall there are two posts with electromechanical lifts 4, one specialized diagnostic post 5 and one tipper car 3 to repair the running gear and the bottom of the body.