Earth-moving machines of continuous action of the engineering troops of the USSR. Army earthworks mechanization vehicles

30.07.2019

Fuel system

(sixties and seventies)

Machine for extracting pits MDK-2m

The MDK-2m excavation machine is designed for excavating trenches and shelters for equipment, pits for fortifications (dugouts, shelters, firing structures). Dimensions of pits: bottom width 3.5m, depth up to 3.5m, length as required. Classes of developed soils I-IV.

Productivity in terms of the amount of excavated soil 350 cubic meters. at one o'clock.

When excavating pits, the developed soil is laid in one direction to the right of the pit in the form of a parapet. If it is necessary to install a parapet on both sides, after two or three passes, it is necessary to change the direction of the passage. In one pass, the recess is 30-40 cm. The beginning and end of the pit are gentle ramps with a slope of 15 degrees. Bulldozer equipment allows you to use the machine for backfilling pits, devices for gentle slopes. Permissible side slope during operation up to 15 degrees, angle of ascent / descent during operation up to 28 degrees.

Base machine - heavy artillery tractor AT-T. Engine power 305 hp, weight 27.3 tons, transport speed up to 36 km/h. The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, thanks to which the machine can operate in areas contaminated with toxic and radioactive substances, and the crew (2 people) can be in the cabin without protective equipment. The cabin accommodates up to five people, including the driver. fuel supply is enough for 500 km. run or 10-12 hours of work in the ground. Time to prepare the machine for work 5-7 minutes. There is a place for the installation of the radio station R-113 (tank), but it is not completed. Equipped with a radiometer-retngenometer, a set of PNV-57T (night vision device).

It is in service in the engineer-sapper battalion of a motorized rifle (tank) division - 3 pcs.

From the author. The machine is strong, reliable, trouble-free. There is no more productive army earthmoving machine. For comparison, an excavator has a capacity of 40 cubic meters per hour. The machine tears off a trench for a tank in just 10 minutes, and no manual modifications are required. The cabin is spacious, warm (engine under the cabin floor).

Sources

1. Instructions for the material part and operation of the machine for excavating pits MDK-2m. Military publishing house of the USSR Ministry of Defense. Moscow 1968
2. Military engineering training. Tutorial. Military publishing house of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. Moscow. 1982

(seventies - beginning of the XXI century)

Machine for extracting pits MDK-3
(Item 453)

The MDK-3 excavation machine is a further development of the MDK-2m machine and is designed for excavating trenches and shelters for equipment, pits for fortifications (dugouts, shelters, firing structures). Dimensions of pits: bottom width 3.7m, depth up to 3.5m, length as required. Classes of developed soils I-IV.

Productivity in terms of the amount of excavated soil is 500-600 cubic meters. at one o'clock. According to some sources ("Handbook of the Rescuer" of the Ministry of Emergency Situations), the productivity reaches 800 cubic meters per hour.

When excavating pits, the developed soil is laid in one direction to the left of the pit in the form of a parapet. If it is necessary to install a parapet on both sides for the second pass, it is necessary to change the direction of the passage. The beginning and end of the pit are gentle ramps with a slope of 15 degrees. Bulldozer equipment allows you to use the machine for backfilling pits, devices for gentle slopes. Auxiliary equipment is a powerful bulldozer equipment and frozen soil ripper, which greatly increased the capabilities of the machine compared to the old one.

Main performance characteristics MDK-3

Base machine .................................................. ................................................. .......	multi-purpose heavy tractor MTT
Machine weight .................................................. ................................................. ..........	39.5t.
Dimensions:
- V transport position
length...............................	10.22m.
	3yu23m.
	4.04m.
- in working position
length.................................	11.75m.
width.............................	4.6m.
height.............................	3.25m.
Clearance................................................. ................................................. .................	2.73m.
	42.5cm.
Specific ground pressure .............................................................. ................................................	0.78 kg/sq.cm
Minimum turning radius .................................................................. ...............................	2.33m.
Max Angle lift ................................................. .................................	28 degrees
Maximum angle of bank ............................................................... ................................................	15 degrees
Maximum fording depth .......................................................... .................................	1.3m.
Fuel range ............................................................... ...............................................	500 km. or 10-12 noon. work.
Maximum travel speed .............................................................. .........................	65 km/h
Average speed on dirt roads ..........................................................	30-35 km/h.
Performance................................................. ................................................. .	500-600 cubic meters/hour
The cut layer of soil in one pass .......................................................... .........................	up to 1.75m.
Maximum depth of the pit to be torn off .............................................. .............	3.7m.
Width of the pit to be torn off .............................................. .................................	3.5m.
Categories of developed soils ............................................................... .........................	I-IV
Crew................................................. ................................................. ....................	2 people
Cabin capacity .............................................................. ...............................................	5 people
Engine................................................. ................................................. ..............	diesel multi-fuel V-shaped B-46-4
Engine power................................................ ..................................................	520 kw. (710 HP)

The main difference between the MDK-3 and its predecessor is that the excavation of the pit is carried out when the machine moves backward, due to which the pit is torn off in a much smaller number of passes, compared to the MDK-2. For example, a trench for an MDK-3 tank opens in just one pass in literally 3-4 minutes.
If MDK-2 removed a layer of soil 30-40 cm in one pass, then MDK-3 removes 1.75 m.

The cabin is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, thanks to which the machine can operate in areas contaminated with toxic and radioactive substances, and the crew (2 people) can be in the cabin without protective equipment. The cabin accommodates up to five people, including the driver. . Time to prepare the machine for work 5-7 minutes. There is a place for the installation of the radio station R-123 (tank), but it is not completed. Equipped with a radiometer-roentgenometer DP-3B, a set of night vision devices (night vision device).

From the author. The radiometer can be considered a vestige of an era when everyone believed that the new World War will certainly be nuclear. The author has always wondered - why do they put means of measuring radioactive contamination in engineering vehicles? In order for the calculation to stop working and quickly run away from this place? So after all, the zones of contamination during nuclear explosions stretch for tens of kilometers. This is first. And secondly, combat mission must be met under all conditions. Despite the threat of death. This is the axiom of war. Tough, I would say - tough. But necessary and inevitable. The level of radioactivity as a reason for not fulfilling a combat mission will not be accepted by any tribunal. So it's better for the crew not to know that he is doomed.
But clean air in the cabin is a necessary thing. And the filter-ventilation unit is not enough to say useful and necessary. When working in a pit, clouds of dust and sand rise into the air. Plus traffic fumes from the engine accumulate in the pit. The author himself bled more than once while working at MDK-2 (January 1970. Radomyshl. Military training in a battalion of equipment for command posts), until he realized that it was possible to turn on the FVU.

Sources

1. Manual on military engineering for the Soviet Army. Military publishing house. Moscow. 1984
2. Military engineering training. Tutorial. Military publishing house. Moscow. 1982
3. Engineering armament machines. Part 4. Basic products. Military publishing house. Moscow. 1987
4. Directory of the rescuer. VNII GOChS. Moscow. 2006

Road pit machine MDK-3,is further development machines MDK-2M. The design of a new pit machine to replace the obsolete MDK-2 and MDK-2M machines in the army began almost simultaneously with the design of the BAT-2 track-laying machine in the Kharkov Design Bureau named after Malyshev, under the leadership of the chief designer P.I. Sagira, late 70s. Product 453 (factory index) was put into service in the late 80s under the name Road Pit Machine MDK-3. Her mass production was organized on Kharkov plant transport engineering them. Malyshev.

The main difference between MDK-3 is that the excavation of the pit is carried out while the machine is moving. in reverse, due to which the pit comes off in a much smaller number of passes, in comparison with MDK-2. The MDK-3 machine is significantly superior in performance to the MDK-2M machine. Its productivity and transport speed are 2.7 and 1.8 times higher, respectively. The MDK-3 machine can loosen heavy and frozen soils, level sites for working on slopes, which cannot be done by the MDK-2M machine. To dig a pit, to the full depth, the MDK-2M machine needs to make 8-9 passes, while the MDK-3 machine tears off the pit in one or two passes, so the loss of time for idle run and turns for the MDK-3 machine is much less or completely absent. When excavating pits, the developed soil is laid in one direction
to the left of the pit in the form of a parapet. If it is necessary to install a parapet on both sides, after two or three passes, it is necessary to change the direction of the passage.

Replace in the troops MDK-2M new car I could not. It turned out to be overweight, bulky, structurally difficult to operate and repair. The machine can use its fantastic performance to the fullest extent only when excavating large-scale pits, which are not required in the regiment-division link.

Specifications

Road boiler machine MDK-3

	Crawler tractor AT-T

Length, mm	in transport position - 8000, in working position - 10230
Width, mm	in transport position - 3400, in working position - 4050
Height, mm	in transport position - 3950, in working position - 3480
Average specific ground pressure, kg/cm g
Working units	Rotary excavator (5-blade cutter, 8 buckets), dozer blade
Volume of one bucket, l
Tearable trench width, m
Depth of trench to be torn off, m

Technical Productivity, m 3 / hour
Engine
Engine power, kW / hp
Maximum transport speed, km/h
Power reserve, km
Climbability, hail.

Housing MDK-3 engine, transmission, suspension and chassis are generally similar to the corresponding angles and units of the MT-T multi-purpose conveyor produced at the same plant. Special equipment boiler machine includes: bulldozer equipment, ripper and kit bucket wheel excavator. The working body of the excavator is a cutter with a thrower, which ensures high productivity of the MDK-3, on a fragment of pits. The bulldozer is used to compare sites and can be installed with a bias in both directions, which makes it possible to work on slopes and hillsides. The ripper will speed up earthworks in hard soils and permafrost.

The cabin of the MDK-3 is sealed, equipped with a filter-ventilation unit, thanks to which the machine can work in areas contaminated with toxic and radioactive substances, and the crew can be in the cabin without protective equipment. The author of this article speaks positively about the presence of such an installation in the MDK-3 cockpit, calling it useful and necessary. He gives an example of how he died while working on the MDK-3 in the pit, when clouds of dust and sand rose into the air, plus exhaust gases from the engine accumulated, until he realized that he could use the FVU.

Specifications

Road boiler machine MDK-3 based on MT-T tractor

Working units	Rotary excavator (6-bladed cutter, 12 buckets), dozer blade
Engine	B-46-4
- power kW/hp Transport dimensions: - length/width/height, m Dimensions in working position: - length/width/height, m	520/710 10,22/3,23/4,04 11,75/4,6/3,25
Weight, kg	39500
Transport speed, km/h	65
Fuel reserve along the way, km	500
Fuel consumption per 100 km, l Tearable trench dimensions - width, m	275-300
- depth, m	3.5 (under special conditions up to 6.0)
Technical Performance, m2/hour	500-800
Category of soil to be torn off	I-IV
Maximum elevation angle, hail	28
Maximum bank angle, deg	15
Fording depth, m	1,5
Dozer blade width, mm
Bulldozer blade height, mm
Maximum skew of the bulldozer blade, hail	26
Ripper, mm	0,75

Parts not found. Leave a request through the form feedback, or call us.

Pit machine MDK-2M designed for digging pits for fortifications, for engineering equipment positions of troops and for mechanization earthworks during implementation and their consequences.

The MDK-2M excavation machine consists of a base machine (product 409MU) and working equipment.

The structure of the working equipment includes: working body, transmission of the working body, bulldozer equipment and hydraulic drive (working equipment control system).

Rice. 1. Pit machine MDK-2M:a – side view, b – rear view;

1 - blade, 2 - hydraulic cylinder, 3 - rack, 4 - base machine, 5 - hydraulic tank, 6 - protective shield, 7 - thrower, 8 - upper frame, 9-beam, 10 - lifting frame, 11 - plow, 12 - thrower housing, 13 - milling cutter, 14 - pushing frame, 15 - protective shield (folding part) 16 - protective shield (fixed part), 17 - deflector, 18 - beam, 19 - plow, 20 - adjustable struts, 21 - lifting frame .

The working body is designed to develop the soil in the process of excavating the pit and transporting it to the dump. It is installed in the aft part of the machine and is hinged to it with the ability to move in a vertical plane. The main parts of the working body are the lifting and upper frames, a cutter, a thrower, two plows, a guide casing and a lifting and lowering mechanism.

The lifting and upper frames are designed for fastening all the main parts of the working body.

lifting frame It is a welded U-shaped box-section structure. In the middle transverse part of the frame, the cutter and thrower drive gearbox is mounted. The ends of the longitudinal beams of the frame are pivotally connected to the machine body. Two hydraulic cylinders of the mechanism for controlling the position of the working body and two brackets for fixing the working body in the transport position are attached to the eyes on the longitudinal beams.

Upper frame mounted on top of the lifting frame. It is welded from two longitudinal, two vertical and transverse beams. Two slops and a protective shield are attached to the upper frame.

Otkosniki designed to cut the soil in the upper part of the pit to form a slope of the walls and represent a knife with wear-resistant surfacing, which is returned to its working position and fixed manually with the help of two fingers and their drive levers. In the transport position, the slopes return to the axis of the machine.

Protective shield designed to prevent the machine platform from being filled with soil when digging a pit. It is installed on the upper frame of the working body and consists of an upper folding and a lower fixed part. In the working position, both parts of the shield are contained in the same plane. When lifting the working body, the folding flap is in the transport position with the help of traction and springs.

cutter transverse digging is designed to destroy the soil and feed it into the thrower. It consists of a hub and six triangular-section blades welded to it. Three variable cutting blades are bolted to each blade, the cutting edges of which have wear-resistant surfacing. For the purpose of uniform wear, the knives are rearranged: the worn out ones themselves are installed closer to the hub. The cutter is bolted to the hub of the planetary gear of the working body gearbox.

Thrower designed to transport the developed soil to the dump. It is a fixed guide casing and a paddle drum of a welded design, which consists of a hub, five box-section spokes, a rim with fifteen blades, of which thirteen are welded to its rings, and two are removable in order to replace worn sheets of the guide casing without removing the thrower. The hub of the thrower is mounted on the reducer of the working body.

plows(right and left) cut the soil under the platforms for the tracks to ensure the development of the soil with a cutter during subsequent passes of the machine. The left and right plows are similar in design and consist of a body with knives fixed at the bottom, a blade, an axle and a height adjustment mechanism. A thrust plate is installed on the plow axis, connected to the body with four bolts. In the case of normal force on the knife, the plow returns to the stop with the plate in the upper frame. When the plow meets an obstacle, the bolts are cut off, protecting the plow from breakage.

guide cover ensures the movement of the soil from the cutter to the thrower and then to the dump. It wraps around the blades of the cutter and the thrower from below and is a frame consisting of two interconnected arcuate beams, between which removable sheets are attached. To increase the rigidity of the casing fastening, two removable beams are installed, each of which is attached to the casing guide at one end, and to the lifting frame at the other.

Lifting and lowering mechanism working body is designed to change the position of the working body in height. It consists of two hydraulic cylinders hinged to the body of the machine and the lifting frame and ensures the rotation of the working body when transferred from the transport position to the working position or vice versa, its deepening, recessing and fixation. The rotation angle is limited upwards by the stroke of the hydraulic cylinders, downwards - by the stop of the lifting frame in the machine body.

Transmission of the working body MDK-2M

designed to change and transmit torque from the speed reducer to the cutter and thrower. It consists of an intermediate shaft, two cardan shafts, rotary reducer and working body reducer.

Intermediate shaft is a connecting link between the speed reducer of the base machine and the cardan shaft of the swivel gearbox drive. It is a pipe, to the flange of which a gear rim with an internal tooth is attached to connect with the gear half-coupling of the power take-off shaft of the speed reducer. A flange for mounting with a fork is installed on the slots of the other end cardan shaft. The shaft is supported by a spherical bearing.

cardan shafts one is installed between the intermediate shaft and the rotary gearbox, and the second - between the rotary gearbox and the reducer of the working body. They are the same in structure, but have different lengths.

rotary gearbox designed to change and transfer torque from the speed reducer to the working body reducer. It is installed in the aft compartment of the machine body and provides switching on and off, changing the rotational speed of the cutter and thrower, maintaining the alignment of the driven shaft with the drive shaft of the working body gearbox when changing the relative position of the gearboxes. gear ratios gear equal to 1.08 and 0.856.

The main parts of the slewing gearbox are: housing (stationary part, sleeve, rotary part), drive shaft assembly, first and second intermediate shaft assemblies, pinion shaft, control drive and safety clutch.

Reducer of the working body designed to change the torque that is transmitted to the cutter and thrower. It is mounted on a lifting frame and provides simultaneous rotation of the cutter and the thrower with different angular speeds.

The reducer of the working body consists of a single-stage cylindrical gearbox and two planetary gear sets made in one unit.

Frame single-stage spur gearbox is attached to the housing of the first planetary gear set. The manhole cover has a hole for filling oil and installing a dipstick. The driven shaft is integral with the sun gear of the first planetary gear set.

First planetary row designed to change the torque and transfer it from the spur gear to the second planetary gear set and at the same time to rotate the thrower. It consists of a housing connected to the housing of the second planetary gear set, an epicyclic gear, four satellites and a carrier, which is also the sun gear of the second planetary gear.

Second planetary gear is designed to change and transmit torque to the cutter mounted on bearings on the outer surface of its body. The carrier has an axial hole through which it passes torsion shaft, connecting the carrier of the first planetary gear set with the thrower rotation flange. At the end of the carrier there is a ring gear for connection with the hub of the cutter. During operation, the torsion shaft acts as a damper, protecting the transmission from damage.

Fig.2. Transmission of the working body MDK-2M:

1 - intermediate shaft, 2 and 5 - cardan shafts 3 - rotary gearbox, 4 - safety clutch, 6 - working body gearbox, 7 - hydraulic pump gearbox, 8 - gearbox of the base machine, 9 - speed reducer

Bulldozer equipment MDK-2M

designed for layer-by-layer development and soil movement when planning the bottom of the pit, preparing the site before digging the pit. In addition, with the help of bulldozer equipment, it is possible to backfill pits, trenches, fluff frozen soil at a freezing depth of up to 15 cm.

The machine is equipped with bulldozer equipment with a fixed blade, the height of which is 1000 mm and the length is 3200 mm. With the help of hydraulic cylinders, the blade can be lowered below the level of the machine by 540 mm or raised to a height of 1140 mm. The weight of the equipment is 1120 kg.

The bulldozer equipment consists of a blade, two push frames, two front struts with struts, two couplers and a control mechanism.

control mechanism designed to change the position of the blade in height. It consists of two hydraulic cylinders, with the help of which forces are created to deepen the blade into the ground, deepen it and fix it.

hydraulic drive designed to control the position of the working equipment. It provides the creation of the necessary forces when transferring the working body to the transport or working position, when deepening or deepening the blade of bulldozer equipment. The hydraulic drive scheme does not provide for simultaneous control of the working body and bulldozer equipment. The machine is equipped with hydraulic drive elements designed for a pressure of 10 MPa.

The hydraulic drive consists of a hydraulic tank, two hydraulic pumps, a hydraulic panel, four hydraulic cylinders.

hydraulic tank mounted behind the cab. Level working fluid in the tank is measured with a dipstick. The volume of the working fluid must be within 150 liters.

The machine is equipped with two hydraulic pumps of the NSh-32U brand, which are driven by a speed reducer through a gearbox.

Hydropanel mounted on the left behind the cab and designed to compactly accommodate hydraulic drive controls. Two three-position spools GA86/2 are fixed on the hydraulic panel to control hydraulic cylinders, safety valve BG52 -14, two GA192 electromagnetic cranes, one of which controls the operation of the safety valve, and the other is designed to set the hydraulic cylinders for controlling the working body in a "floating" position when digging a pit. To control the pressure, a manometer with a valve is fixed on the panel.

Fig.3. Scheme of the hydraulic drive MDK-2M:

1 and 19 - hydraulic cylinders of bulldozer equipment, 2 and 11 - three-position spools GA 86/2, 3 and 5 - electromagnetic valves, 4 - safety valve BG 52-14, 6 and 12 - hydraulic cylinders of the working body, 7, 8, 9 and 10 - throttles, 13 - hydraulic filters, 14 and 16 - check valves, 15 and 17 - gear pumps NSh-32U, 18 - hydraulic tank

Tactical and technical characteristics of MDK-2M

Technical productivity in soils of the 2nd, 3rd categories, m 3 / hour
Maximum transport speed, km/h
Average transport speed dirt roads, km/h
Weight, t
Overall dimensions in transport position, mm:
Overall dimensions in working position, mm:
Calculation, person
Periodicity Maintenance, engine hours:
Labor intensity of maintenance, man-hours:
Fuel consumption, l/h: with open pits in transport mode
Fuel range, km
Engine power, kW
Dimensions of the developed excavation, m
For one pass:
In two passes: depth width
For three passes:
Movement speed when digging a pit, m/h
Movement speed during operation of bulldozer equipment in normal soil, km/h, not more than:
Fuel tank capacity, l
Number of seats in the cabin, people
Time of transfer of the working equipment to the working position, min
Time to prepare the machine for transportation according to railway, h