Produced by the Ural Automobile Plant (Miass) since 1988. Ural-4320-01 and Ural-43202-01 are modernized vehicles, respectively, Ural-4320 and Ural-43202, which were produced from 1977 to 1988. The Ural-4320-01 body is an army-type metal platform with a folding tailgate, equipped with side folding and removable middle benches, removable arches and an awning, additional side and front extensions of the lattice sides. The Ural-43202-01 body is a wooden platform with folding side and rear sides, equipped with removable two side and one front extension sides, installation of arches and an awning is provided. Cabin - triple, with thermal and sound insulation, located behind the engine, the seat is adjustable in length, height and backrest. The Ural-4320-01 car provides for the installation of a winch. Since 1961, Ural-3757 has been produced, since 1964 - Ural-375D and -375N with a ZIL-375 carburetor engine.
Basic trailers - mod. 782B (2PN-4M) and GKB-8350 (army).
Car modifications:
chassis of Ural-4320-01 and Ural-43202-01 vehicles for completing with special equipment and Ural-43203-01 for installation of van bodies;export versions of vehicles and chassis for countries with temperate and tropical climates.
Engine.
Maud. KAMAZ-740.10. For basic data, see Vehicle. To warm up the engine, a PZhD-30A heater with a heat output of 26,000 kcal / h is installed on cars.Transmission.
Clutch - mod. KAMAZ-14, two-disk, shutdown drive - mechanical, with a pneumatic booster. Gearbox - mod. KAMAZ-141, 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears, transmitted. numbers: I-5.62; II-2.89, III-1.64, IV-1.00; V-0.724; ZX-5.30. Number of gears with transfer case: forward - 10, reverse - 2. Power take-off from the gearbox - up to 26 kW (35 hp). The transfer case is 2-speed, with a cylindrical lockable center differential of the planetary type, which distributes the torque between the always-on front axle and the bogie axles in a ratio of 1:2. Transferred numbers: top gear - 1.3; the lowest - 2.15. Transfer case control - two levers. Power take-off from the transfer case - up to 40% of engine power. Cardan transmission - four cardan shafts. The main gear of the driving axles is double, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears; transferred number (total) - 7.32. Drive axles - through type, with the top location of the main gear. Front drive axle - with constant-velocity joints of disk type (Tract).Wheels and tires.
Wheels for Ural-4320-01 - disc, rim - 254G-508; for Ural-43202-01 disc wheels, rim 330-533. Fastening - on 10 hairpins. Tires for Ural-4320-01 - 14.00-20(370-508) mod. OI-25 with adjustable pressure in the range of 0.5-3.2 kgf / cm. sq. depending on road conditions, for Ural-43202-01 - 1100x400-533 mod. O-47A, wide-profile, pressure: front - 2.5, bogies - 3.5 kgf / cm. sq. The number of wheels is 6+1.Suspension.
Front - on two semi-elliptical springs with rear sliding ends, with shock absorbers. Rear - balancing, on two semi-elliptical springs with six jet rods, the ends of the springs are sliding.Brakes.
Working brake system - with drum mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 120 mm), dual-circuit, with pneumohydraulic drive, separate (in pneumatic and hydraulic parts) for the front axle and bogie, with two pneumatic boosters. Parking brake - drum, installed on the output shaft of the transfer case, drive - mechanical. The spare brake is one of the circuits of the working brake system. Auxiliary brake - motor retarder, drive - pneumatic. Trailer brake drive - combined (two- and single-wire).Steering.
The steering gear is a two-way worm and a lateral gear sector, with a built-in hydraulic distributor of a spaced hydraulic booster; transferred the number is 21.5, the oil pressure in the amplifier is 65-90 kgf / cm. sq.Electrical equipment.
Voltage 24V, acc. battery 6ST-190TR (2 pcs.), generator G-288E with voltage regulator 1112.3702, starter CT-142-LS.Winch.
Rear location, drum type, with worm gear, belt brake, equipped with a cable laying machine. Drive - from the power take-off by three cardan shafts. Pulling force 7-9 tf, cable working length 60 m. Fuel tank - 200 l, Ural-4320-01 has an additional tank 57 l, diz. fuel;cooling system - 30 l (with heater), antifreeze A-40 or A-65;
engine lubrication system - 21.5 l, M-10G (k) in summer, M-8G (k) in winter, substitute (all-weather) M-6 / 10V;
hydraulic steering system - 4.5 l, grade R oil;
gearbox - 8.5 l, at temperatures up to minus 30 ° C - TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30 ° C, a mixture of TSp-15K oil with 10-15% diz. fuel A or Z, it is allowed to use all-weather oil TM5-12RK;
transfer box - 3.5 l, TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30°C - TSp-10;
steering gear housing - 1.48 l, TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30°C - TSp-10;
drive axle gearboxes - 3x4.5 l, TSp-15K, at temperatures below minus 30°C - TSp-10;
steering knuckle housing 2x3 l, a mixture of Litol-24 grease with oils for drive axle gearboxes (50% each);
rear balancing suspension hubs 2x0.75 l, TSp-15K oil, at temperatures below minus 30°C TSp-10 oil;
winch gearbox 7.5 l, TSgip oil;
hydraulic brake system - 1.7 l, GTZh-22M brake fluid, Neva or Tom brake fluid substitute;
shock absorbers 2x0.85 l, shock absorber fluid АЖ-12Т;
windshield washer reservoir - 1.5 l, liquid NIISS-4 mixed with water.
Masses of aggregates
(in kg).Power unit - 1040,
gearbox with clutch housing - 246,
transfer case - 178,
front axle - 656,
middle and rear axles - 590 each,
frame - 694,
front spring - 67,
rear spring - 96,
winch with gearbox - 287,
winch cable - 100,
platform - 770,
cabin - 428,
wheel (254G-508) - 53,
SPECIFICATIONS
| Ural-4320-01 | Ural-43202-01 | |
|---|---|---|
| Load capacity, kg: | ||
| 5000 | 5000 | |
| on roads I and IV categories | 5000 | 7000 |
| Curb weight (without winch) with additional equipment, kg | 8025 | 8120 |
| Including: | ||
| to the front axle | 4015 | 3835 |
| on the trolley | 4010 | 4285 |
| Gross weight, kg | 13325 | 15175 |
| Including: | ||
| to the front axle | 4360 | 4345 |
| on the trolley | 8965 | 10830 |
| Permissible total weight of the trailer, kg: | ||
| on all types of roads and terrain | 7000 | 7000 |
| on roads I and IV categories | 11500 | 11500 |
| Max, vehicle speed, km/h | 85 | 80 |
| The same, road trains | 77 | 72 |
| Vehicle acceleration time up to 60 km/h, s | 40 | 45 |
| Vehicle run-out from 50 km/h, m | 530 | 550 |
| Max. climbable car,% | 60 | 50 |
| Same, road train | 34 | 27 |
| Stopping distance of a car from 60 km/h, m | 36,7 | 36,7 |
| The same, road trains | 38,5 | 38,5 |
| Control vehicle fuel consumption, l/100 km at a speed of 60 km/h | 29,0 | 34,5 |
| The depth of the ford to be overcome with a hard bottom at an air pressure in tires of 3.2 kgf / cm, m: | ||
| without preparation | 1,0 | 0,7 |
| with preliminary preparation lasting no more than 30 minutes | 1,7 | |
| Turning radius, m: | ||
| on the outer wheel | 10,8 | 10,8 |
| overall | 11,4 | 11,4 |
radiator - 37.
The cooling system has a capacity of 31 liters. During the control inspection, the amount of coolant is checked and, if necessary, added to the norm.
During TO-2, the operation of the radiator shutters is controlled, the radiator fastening is checked, the tension of the fan belts is adjusted. The core of the radiator, if necessary, is cleaned with compressed air or a water jet directed from the fan, the operation and condition of the expansion tank plug valves are checked.
In autumn, during service stations, the low-freezing liquid is changed. If the water in the cooling system is used for a long time, flush the system in the spring.
Check the fluid level in the expansion tank. The level must be above the level cock. The amount of liquid in the container should not exceed two thirds of the volume. The fluid level is checked with a cold engine.
The tension belts of the liquid pump drive are regulated by the movement of the generator (). A correctly adjusted belt has an allowable deflection of 15-22 mm when pulled to the middle of the largest branch with a force of 40 N.
The tension of the drive belts of the fluid coupling on the Ural-4320 is carried out using the roller of the tensioner. It is necessary to loosen the nut fixing the lever to the bracket, insert the knob into the hole at the end of the lever. Turning the lever with the pulley around the axis, debug the belt tension.
Liquid is drained through four taps: on the lower tank of the radiator, on the boiler, on the heater pump unit, on the lower branch pipe of the liquid pump with the radiator plugs and the heating inlet pipe unscrewed. To drain the liquid from the expansion tank, it must be raised to the required height. Do not place the machine tilted backwards when draining fluid.
When using water in the cooling system, it is recommended to turn on the pump motor of the starting heater for a while after removing it. Thus, residual water is expelled from the pump. This is also done so that the impeller does not freeze. It is necessary to screw all the taps after the water drains. It is not recommended to close the radiator neck and the heater inlet pipe with plugs to prevent their freezing.
Starting and short-term operation of the motor without liquid is strictly prohibited: this can lead to the destruction of the sealing rings of the rubber cylinder liners, the burning of the gaskets of the block heads, the falling out of the valve seats, and the deformation of the heads.
The coolant system is filled through the radiator filler neck. The liquid level should be brought to the edges at the top of the cooling radiator pipes. If water is used, then its level should be at the lower edge of the neck, this is thirty millimeters above the edges of the radiator tubes at the top.
In the case of constant use of water as a coolant, the cooling system should be flushed. The radiator and motor are washed separately. The thermostats are removed from the engine, the drain cocks are removed from the block, the radiator valve is opened, the pipelines to the expansion tank are disconnected. A jet of clean water is fed into the opening of the nozzle of the thermostat box until the liquid from the taps is clear. The radiator is flushed by supplying water pressure through the lower pipe.
They get rid of scale by adding 20 grams of technical trilon per liter of water to the water that fills the system. The machine with the solution is operated for five days, and every day it is changed to a new one at the end of the day.
At the top of the unit is a fan drive fluid coupling. It is driven by belts from the crankshaft pulley. Therefore, the design of the fluid coupling housing, its fastenings and pulleys have been changed. To tension the drive belts, there is a device with a roller, which is mounted on the fluid coupling housing.
In the upper tank of the four-row radiator there is a plug with exhaust and intake valves. At an excessive pressure of 65 kPa, the exhaust valve opens, throwing excess liquid and steam into the expansion tank. The inlet valve opens at a vacuum of 1 ... 12 kPa. In this case, the fluid from the tank enters the radiator.
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………. 3
1. The main parameters of the car Ural - 4320 ……………………. 4-10
2. Estimated determination of the operational properties of the car ……. eleven
2.1. Determination of traction and speed properties of the car ……………. eleven
2.2. Determination of vehicle parameters
when preparing the initial data ……………………………………....12-15
2.3. Determining the possibility of vehicle movement ……………..…. 15
3. Analysis of the braking properties of the car ……………………………. 16-17
4. Vehicle stability …………………………………………… 17-19
5. Vehicle handling …………………………………………. 19-20
6. Fuel efficiency……………………………………………20-22
7. Cross-country meters …………………………………………….. 23
7.1. Overall patency parameters ……………………………… 23-25
7.2. Traction and support-coupling parameters of cross-country ability ………………. 25-26
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………… 27
References …………………………………………………………28
Appendix ………………………………………………………………29-34
Introduction
A car as a vehicle is designed to move goods and passengers in space. Its movement is carried out due to the interaction of the driving wheels with the supporting surface (road). Due to the complex and diverse operating conditions, vehicles have different designs and, as a result, different performance properties. A car designed to move at high speed, precisely because of its mobility, the ability to quickly change position on the road relative to other objects, both moving and stationary, is a source of increased danger. A traffic engineer must know what properties cars have so that on roads of various categories the likelihood of traffic accidents is as low as possible, as well as what restrictions should be imposed on traffic parameters in accordance with the operational properties of cars and their design.
1. Technical parameters of the car Ural-4320:
Rice. 1. dimensions
In 1977, the Ural Automobile Plant launched the production of a new Ural-4320 model with a diesel engine, which served as the beginning of the dieselization of Ural cars. A number of vehicle modifications are being developed: Ural-4320.
| Weight of transported cargo by car, kg | 6000 | - | |
| Mass of placed and transported cargo on the chassis, kg | 6435 | ||
| Vehicle weight in running order, kg | 9020 | ||
| Chassis weight in running order, kg | 8320 | ||
| Gross vehicle weight (road train), kg | 15320 | ||
| Distribution of load on the road from an equipped vehicle, kgf through the front tires through the trolley wheel tires |
|||
| Distribution of the load on the road from the car with a gross weight, kgf: through the front tires through the trolley wheel tires |
|||
| Gross weight of the towed trailer (semi-trailer), kg | 11500/7000 | ||
| Maximum travel speed, km/h: at full vehicle weight with the total weight of the road train |
|||
| The maximum rise overcome by the car, hail. (%), not less than: at full vehicle weight with the total weight of the road train |
) | ||
| Control fuel consumption per 100 km, l, not more than: at a speed of 40 km/h: car (chassis) road trains at a speed of 60 km/h: car (chassis) road trains |
|||
| Cruising range according to the control fuel consumption, km, not less than: at a speed of 40 km/h: car (chassis) road trains at a speed of 60 km/h: car (chassis) road trains |
|||
| The smallest turning radius of the car along the axis of the track of the front outer (relative to the center of rotation) wheel, m, not more than | 10,8 | ||
| Braking distance when driving at a speed of 60 km/h when using the service brake system, m, not more than: at full vehicle weight with the total weight of the road train |
|||
| Braking distance when driving at a speed of 40 km/h when using a spare brake system, m, not more than: at full vehicle weight with the total weight of the road train |
|||
| Overcoming obstacles, m: ditch (ditch) width vertical wall hard bottom ford |
|||
| Engine | ||
| Type, model | YaMZ-236M2 diesel, four-stroke, compression ignition, six-cylinder, V-shaped | |
| Working volume, l | 11,15 | |
| Rated power, gross, kW (hp) | 132(80) | |
| Maximum torque, gross, N.m (kgf.m) | 667(68) | |
| Speed, min -1: at rated power at maximum torque |
||
| Supply system | ||
| Main fuel tank, l | 300 (filling capacity 290 | |
| Transmission | ||
| Clutch | YaMZ-236K, friction, two-disk, dry, mechanical drive with pneumatic booster | |
| Transfer case | Mechanical, two-stage, with an interaxle cylindrical blocking differential that distributes the moment between the front axle and the rear axle bogie in a ratio of 1: 2 with a permanently engaged drive to the front axle | |
| Gear ratios: top gear low gear |
||
| Transmission | YaMZ - 236U, mechanical, three-way, five - speed, with synchronizers in the second, third, fourth, fifth gears | |
| gear ratios | the first - 5.26; the second - 2.90; third - 1.52; fourth - 1.0; fifth - 0.66; reverse - 5.48 | |
| cardan gear | open, with four shafts, with hinges on needle bearings. On the car Ural - 4320-1911-30, an additional cardan shaft with an intermediate support was introduced in the drive to the middle axle | |
| Bridges | leading, the crankcase of the bridge is combined, consists of a cast middle part and semi-axle casings pressed into it. The front axle is steerable, with disc type constant velocity joints | |
| main gear | double, through type, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of spur gears. The main gears of all vehicle axles are interchangeable. The differential is symmetrical, conical, with four satellites. Axles - fully unloaded, splined connection to the hub | |
| gear ratio | 7,32 | |
| Chassis | ||
| Frame | stamped, riveted | |
| Towing devices | front - rigid towing hooks, rear - double-acting towing device; on truck tractors at the rear - rigid tow hooks and a fifth wheel coupling | |
| Car suspension: anterior rear |
||
| Steering | ||
| Transmission type | mechanical, with hydraulic amplifying mechanism | |
| Steering gear | two-start worm and lateral gear sector | |
| gear ratio | 21,5 | |
| The car can be equipped with a steering mechanism of the "screw-ball nut-rail-sector" type complete with cardan shaft | ||
| gear ratio | 23,55 | |
| Amplifying mechanism | hydraulic, double-acting, with spool-type control valve mounted on the steering gear housing | |
| booster pump | vane, double-acting, rotary type, driven by the crankshaft of the engine | |
| Installing the front steering wheels | camber - 1°, transverse inclination of the kingpin - 6°; convergence of wheels on a rim - 1-3 mm | |
| Brake system | ||
| Service brake system | double-circuit, with a mixed (pneumohydraulic) drive of the car brakes. Wheel brake mechanisms of drum type | |
| Spare brake system | one of the circuits of the working brake system | |
| Parking brake system | mechanical, with pneumatic drive to the trailer parking brake control valve. Drum-type brake mechanism mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case | |
| Auxiliary brake system | compression, installed in the exhaust system. Pneumatic drive, interlocked with engine stop | |
| Electrical system | ||
| wiring diagram | single-wire, the negative terminals of the current sources are connected to the "mass" of the car. Rated voltage 24 V | |
| Generator | G-288E, waterproof, AC, 1000 W. Generator 1702.3771 can be installed | |
| Voltage regulator | 2712.3702, solid-state, non-contact, with two voltage settings | |
| Rechargeable batteries | two, 6ST-190 | |
| Battery switch | VK860V with remote control from the cab | |
| Starter | 25.3708-01, 8.2 kW (11.2 hp) with remote-controlled electromagnetic traction relay | |
| Farah | 401.3711 or FG122VV1 | |
| Lanterns of lateral direction indicators and road train sign | five, UP101-B1 | |
| Rear lights | two, FP133-AB, three-section, with marker lamps, direction indicator lamps, brake signal lamps | |
| Front lights | two, PF133-AB or PF130B, two-section, with side light and direction indicator lamps | |
| Lighting lantern but - dimensional sign | two, FP134B or FP131B | |
This vehicle of universal application is designed both for the transport of people and for the transport of goods. Professional carriers quickly appreciated the Ural 4320, the technical characteristics of this car were excellent. This SUV appeared in 1977 and immediately gained popularity due to its excellent cross-country ability.
On the net you can find footage of how the Ural 4320 moves in the mud, videos of this kind clearly demonstrate its impressive driving performance. In fact, this car is a civilian modification of the "" truck, which has been produced for military needs since 1961. It is not surprising that the load capacity of the Ural 4320 in conditions of not very reliable road coverage or even complete off-road conditions is very high.
Of course, the design of this car does not differ in special frills, moreover, in his case it is more about the construction, and not about the design. However, if you carefully look at the moving Ural 4320 (video at the end of the article or, even more so, in real life), then you can not help but find its harsh grace in it.
Permeability indicators
This brand is able to overcome obstacles that will baffle many analogues. She will not be blocked by shallow water barriers, and she will easily climb to a very significant height.
Modifications
There are many varieties of Ural 4320, photos available on the network give a general idea of their features. These include: 
- Ural 4320-01 of 1986 with improved cabin, platform, gearbox compared to the original version;
- Ural 4320-10 1993 with a six-cylinder engine of the Yaroslavl plant with a capacity of 180 liters. With.;
- Ural 4320-31 1994 with an eight-cylinder engine of the same manufacturer with a capacity of 240 hp. With. differs in the improved parameter of specific power;
- Ural 4320-30 with a long wheelbase and increased payload;
- Ural 4320-41 with a YaMZ-236NE2 engine manufactured in 2002, which complies with Euro-2 standards and has a power rating of 230 horsepower;
- Ural 4320-40 - version of the previous one with a long base;
- Ural 4320-44 2009 - option 4320-41, equipped with a cabin of increased comfort;
- Ural 4320-45 - long base version of the previous one;
- Ural 4320-48 with YaMZ-7601 engine - a model designed for the installation of special equipment.
Thus, for various modifications of the Ural 4320, engine power varied significantly.
Of particular importance was the appearance in 2009 of a new version of the Ural, equipped with a superior cabin. It is equipped with a fiberglass hood and a kind of stylish plumage. Since that time, the manufacturing company has taken care not only of the off-road qualities of the brand, but also of the amenities for those in the cab, which were previously not given the closest attention.
Characteristics
Ural 4320 has a full set of parameters that make it an impeccable off-road workaholic.
The Ural 4320 engine, which was first produced at Kamaz, began to be produced at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant in the 90s, the cause of which was a fire at Kamaz. The clutch of the car Ural 4320 refers to the KamAZ-14 modification.
physical characteristics
The optimal size of the Ural 4320 wheel, as well as its configuration, among other factors, provide increased cross-country ability of this truck. At the same time, the machine is capable of developing a maximum (85 km / h) or close to it speed with a load of up to 5 tons, both when driving on the road and off-road.
Permissible conditions
This truck performs flawlessly in extreme conditions. Both in frost and in bad weather, it is the Ural 4320 that will cope with the transportation of goods, the device of this truck makes it minimally vulnerable to the elements.
The range of the Ural 4320 truck is also very significant, the volume of the tank allows it to move many hundreds of kilometers without refueling.
Service
The car, as it should be for a product of this category, is as unpretentious as possible in maintenance; in this indicator, it significantly surpasses foreign analogues. The Ural 4320 user manual is very detailed and written in an accessible language. Simple car repairs are quite feasible in open areas. To repair electrical equipment, a legible Ural 4320 wiring diagram is required. If it is available, any qualified technician can handle the work.
The Ural 4320 generator connection diagram must also be available for the uninterrupted operation of the vehicle. In its absence, difficulties may arise with the installation of this unit.
Market positions
This car is very popular. This is not surprising, among the factors that give the advantage of the Ural 4320 model - the price, which makes it as affordable as possible for the consumer, as well as the already mentioned excellent off-road qualities. Therefore, companies that need to transport goods to areas where communications leave much to be desired choose this durable truck with pleasure.
At the same time, the manufacturer does not stop there and is constantly developing new Ural models. At present, the options that appeared in 2009 and are equipped with the already mentioned superior cabin are enjoying significant success.
Like its predecessor Ural 375, this vehicle can be used for military purposes. Armored Ural 4320 is considered a very efficient and productive army model. It is designed to transport personnel and has a protection class 3, which means that it is able to protect those inside from being hit by bullets from some modifications of the AK, not to mention pistols.
2005 year. A catastrophic, unprecedented flood in the southern states of the United States. Particularly in the city of New Orleans. The rescue operation on the flooded streets of Louisiana's largest metropolis is being carried out on the Ural-4320 trucks of the Mexican army. Cars from Miass passed through all the complex intricacies of the narrow, flood-ridden streets of Negro quarters - where American military trucks were powerless. And this is just one of many episodes of the Ural-4320 combat work, in which these powerful machines clearly demonstrated their capabilities. A detailed review of this model is in this publication.
"Ural-4320" is a three-axle all-wheel drive (formula 6x6) off-road truck of the Ural Automobile Plant (Miass, Chelyabinsk Region). In the model range of the enterprise, back in 1977, he replaced the Ural-375 truck.
For a number of structural elements, the Ural-4320 car is unified with the previous model, the Ural-375. However, it has a more modern design, which provides enhanced capabilities and better performance characteristics than the Ural-375. The 4320th was the main model of the Ural Automobile Plant until the fall of 2015 (before its official replacement with the Ural Next.
Mexican Marina Armada during a rescue operation in Louisiana after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
But its production for export needs is still ongoing. Since the Ural-4320 is still in demand, as a military vehicle, in many countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There, to this day, he continues to evoke genuine respect and real delight with his charisma. And the price is quite affordable!
The truck received the ironic nickname "Glutton" for a reason. 50-70 liters of high-octane gasoline per 100 kilometers is a lot for a mass-produced car. Even cheap and "state-owned" gasoline. Even for a multifunctional army vehicle - "all-terrain vehicle". Therefore, the Soviet Union thought about replacing a gasoline carburetor engine in the Urals with a more practical diesel engine at the turn of the 60s and 70s.
However, a long way has been passed from a clear intention to its concrete implementation: serial production of the Ural-4320 family started only in November 1977. According to the decision of the Ministry of Automotive Industry, it was considered inexpedient to develop and implement a new diesel engine by the Miass enterprise on its own. Therefore, the remotorization of the Urals: the selection of a suitable engine and gearbox, the mutual adjustment of the power unit and the machine, the engineers of the Ural Automobile Plant were engaged in together with the specialists of the flagship of the Soviet engine building, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.
"Ural-4320" "in its element."
During 1970-1975, a lot of work was done to test new models of engines and gearboxes on experimental batches of Ural-375 trucks. Pilot batches of prototypes, built in variants of flatbed trucks and truck tractors, passed multi-stage tests in 1973-1976, and from February 1977, the stage of preparing design documentation for serial production began. The first mass-produced cars with the new Ural-4320 production index rolled off the assembly line of the Ural Automobile Plant in November 1977.
But this was not yet a complete replacement for the Ural-375: the Glutton continued to be produced by the enterprise for many years, in parallel with the new model. They tried to equip the Ural-4320 with different diesel engines: for the eight-cylinder YaMZ-238, a more extended engine compartment was even provided than for the six-cylinder YaMZ-236 and for the KamAZ-740. At the same time, cars with YaMZ-236 could be distinguished from cars with a KamAZ engine by the air filter on the right wing (due to a different, denser layout of the engine compartment). Since 2000, all Ural-4320s have been produced with an extended engine compartment, regardless of the brand of engine that is installed there.
"Ural-4320" in Angola (South-West Africa).
Regular orders from the Ministry of Defense, constant deliveries of vehicles to oil and gas enterprises, a good export potential of the car contributed to the fact that in less than 10 years after the start of mass production - in 1986 - the number of Urals-4320 produced exceeded one million units. The Ural-43206 lightweight biaxial truck, the production of which has been mastered in Miass since 1996, also belongs to the 4320th family.
In the fall of 2015, the Ural-4320 was replaced in the model range of the Ural Next plant - its modernized version, with the original plastic plumage of the engine compartment, with a new generation of modern cabs of the GAZelNext type, and a number of improved components and assemblies. Now all civilian versions of the Ural-4320 for the domestic civilian market and partially for deliveries to law enforcement agencies have been replaced by cars of the Ural Next family. But the Ural-M series (aka Ural-4320) is retained specifically for export deliveries.
The immediate purpose of the Ural-4320 is the transportation of goods, people, towing trailers and various equipment on all types of roads and off-road (cross-country). Wheel formula 6x6, powerful diesel engines and solid ground clearance give this car a significant off-road potential. "Ural-4320" easily overcomes wetlands, 1.6-meter fords, 2-meter ditches and ditches, drives uphill to 60%.
The Ural-4320 chassis was used as a base for the creation of not only flatbed and tilt cars of a standard or extended layout. But also: for shift buses (22- or 30-seater), truck tractors and pipe carriers, tankers and tankers, installations and special equipment for oil and gas production, road and municipal equipment, fire protection and, of course, for the needs of the armed forces.
Without timber trucks on the basis of "Ural-4320" it is impossible to imagine felling and logging in many regions of our country. Together with hydraulic manipulators, URAL timber trucks allow you to load and unload timber and other assortment without the involvement of special equipment. The technical capabilities of Ural-4320 trucks allow their intensive operation in the temperature range from -50°C to +50°C, in opposite climatic conditions - from the Far North to the sandy southern deserts.
Ruthlessly exploited timber carrier "Ural-4320", year of manufacture - 2007.
The technical capabilities of the Ural-4320 were planned taking into account the army service of this off-road truck: a huge margin of safety, high maintainability, simple design and readiness for operation in difficult conditions.
- Overall dimensions of the Ural-4320 chassis: Length - 7.588 m; Width - 2.5 m; Height - 2.785 m; Base - 3.525 + (1.4) m. Modifications with a shortened length - 7.388 m are also produced; and elongated - 7.921 m and 9.545 m.
- Curb weight - from 8 to 8.7 tons; the weight of the transported cargo is 7, 10, 12 tons, depending on the modification.
- The distribution of the load of the equipped vehicle: on the front axle - 4,550 tons, on the rear bogie - 3,500 tons.
- The distribution of the load of the car of the total mass: on the front axle - 4.635 tons, rear axle - 10.570 tons.
- The internal dimensions of a standard body are 5685x2330x1000 mm.
- Turning radius - on the outer wheel 10.8 m, overall 11.4 m.
- Ground clearance - 400 mm.
- Track width - 2 m (front and rear - the same).
- Fuel tank capacity - 200 liters, with the possibility of installing an additional 60 liters.
- "YAMZ-236NE2" - diesel, four-stroke, six-cylinder, with direct fuel injection, V-shaped. Working volume - 11.15 liters. Rated power at 2100 rpm - 169 kW (230 horsepower). The maximum torque at 1100-1300 rpm is 882 N.m (90 kgf / m).
"Ural-4320" with the engine "YaMZ-236" can be distinguished by the air filter.
- KamAZ-740 is a V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a working volume of 10.86 liters. Power - 210 horsepower. Maximum torque - 68 kgf / m. The nominal speed of the crankshaft is 2600 rpm.
- YaMZ-238 is a 14.86-liter V-shaped 8-cylinder diesel engine with a capacity of 176 kW (240 horsepower). Maximum torque: 883 Nm (90 kgfm).
On Ural-4320 vehicles, a KamAZ-14 model clutch was used, a double-disk clutch with a mechanical shutdown drive and a pneumatic booster. Or the YaMZ-182 clutch - friction, dry, single-disk, diaphragm, with an exhaust-type diaphragm spring.
Gearbox - models "KamAZ-141": 5-speed, with synchronizers in II, III, IV and V gears. Gear ratios: I-5.62; II-2.89, III-1.64, IV-1.00; V-0.724; ZX-5.30. Number of gears (with transfer case): forward - 10, backward - 2. Power take-off from the gearbox - up to 26 kW (35 hp). Or a gearbox of the YaMZ-236U brand similar in technical parameters - mechanical, three-way, five-speed, also with synchronizers in 2, 3, 4, 5 gears.
The transfer case is 2-speed, with a cylindrical lockable center differential of the planetary type, which distributes the torque between the always-on front axle and the bogie axles in a ratio of 1:2. Gear ratios: top gear - 1.3; the lowest - 2.15. The transfer case is controlled by two levers. Power take-off from the transfer case - up to 40 percent of the engine power.
Cardan transmission - four cardan shafts. The main gear of the driving axles is double, a pair of bevel gears with a spiral tooth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears; gear ratio (total) - 7.32. Drive axles - through type, with the top location of the final drive gear. Front drive axle - with constant-velocity joints of disk type (Tract).
Steering and brake control
The steering gear is a double-threaded worm and a lateral gear sector, with a built-in hydraulic distributor of a spaced hydraulic booster. The gear ratio is 21.5, the oil pressure in the hydraulic booster is 65-90 kgf / cm. sq.
The working brake system uses brakes with drum-type mechanisms (diameter 420 mm, lining width 120 mm). The working system is double-circuit, with a pneumohydraulic drive, separate (in terms of pneumatic and hydraulic parts) for the front axle and bogie, with two pneumatic amplifiers.
The parking brake is also a drum type, mounted on the output shaft of the transfer case, with a mechanical drive. The spare brake is one of the circuits of the working brake system. Auxiliary brake - motor retarder, drive - pneumatic. Trailer brake drive - combined (two- and single-wire).
Frame "Ural-4320" - riveted, consisting of two stamped spars interconnected by crossbars (classic "ladder"). Front suspension - on two semi-elliptical springs with rear sliding ends, with shock absorbers. The rear suspension is balanced, also on two semi-elliptical springs, with six jet rods, the ends of the springs are sliding.
Disc wheels, with a rim "254G-508" or "330-533", depending on the modification. The wheel is fastened on ten studs. Pneumatic tires, chambered - 1200x500x508 "14.00-20 (370-508)", model "OI-25", with adjustable pressure within 0.5-3.5 kgf / cm2, depending on road conditions. On " Uralakh-43202-01 "- 1100 × 400x533, models" O-47A ", wide profile.
electrical equipment
The electrical equipment system in Ural-4320 is single-wire, with a rated voltage of 24V. Batteries "6ST-190TR" - 2 pieces, with a capacity of 190 Ampere / hour each. The alternating current generator "G-288E" has a power of 1000 W and works in conjunction with a non-contact voltage regulator "1112.3702". Starter "CT-142-LS" - electromagnetic inclusion, with a maximum power of 8.2 kW.
Trucks "Ural-4320" were equipped with a metal two-door cab, designed for a driver and two passengers. The classic, traditional cabin of the Urals has been produced for fifty years now, and, of course, the comfort indicators in it are infinitely far from modern ones. Although: the driver's seat is adjustable, there are ventilation and heating systems, there is a power steering, it is possible to equip the cabin with a berth. If desired, an air conditioner, an independent heater and a Webasto preheater can be installed on the Ural-4320.
In order to create more comfortable conditions for movement and better safety, since the spring of 2009, successful experiments have been undertaken to equip the newly developed Urals with new-style cabins. This is a cabover cabin with fiberglass plumage, manufactured under license from Iveco. It has three separate anatomical chairs with headrests, armrests, seat belts.
In interior decoration and cladding - modern materials that provide good noise and heat insulation, a steering wheel with lower spokes (not overlapping devices). All controls are arranged in close proximity to the driver, the parking brake and transfer case control are pneumatic (which made it possible to remove the levers from the passenger compartment). The new cab provides comfortable working conditions for the driver. But the charisma of the external appearance of the car, of course, completely takes away.
Overview of serial modifications "Ural-4320"
As part of the Ural-4320 family, the following vehicle modifications were made on the assembly line of the Miass plant:
- Truck flatbed and tilt "Ural-43202-0351-31" general transport purpose with a wooden platform;
- Truck tractors "Ural-4420-10" and "Ural-4420-31", designed for towing special semi-trailers on all types of roads and rough terrain;
- Tractors "Ural-44202-0311-31", also designed for towing semi-trailers on all types of roads and off-road;
- The truck tractor "Ural-44202-0612-30" is designed for towing semi-trailers and various equipment on airfields and other flat areas;
- "Ural-4320-0911-30" - with an extended base;
- "Ural-4320-0611-10" and "Ural-4320-0611-31" - also with a wooden loading platform and an awning.
On the basis of the Ural-4320 vehicles of these modifications, chassis with similar technical characteristics were also produced, for van bodies, shift buses, and various special equipment. Within the same modification, various options are possible: by the presence of a winch, or without it; according to the location of the spare wheel holder: behind the cab or at the rear of the frame, with a vertical or horizontal arrangement; or without holder (with temporary technological fastening on the frame); with mechanical power take-offs from the gearbox (KM) and transfer case, or without them; with the presence of a towing device for towing trailers, or without it.
During the 2000s, on the basis of the Ural-4320, four armored army vehicle modifications were demonstrated to the general public. This is "Ural-4320-09-31"; "Ural-4320-0010-31" (or "Ural-E4320D-31"); "Ural-4320VV". As well as the Kasspir MK6 armored vehicle, which is manufactured on the Ural-4320 chassis by the Indian company Mahindra and Mahindra, at its plant in Prithla, Haryana. All these vehicles have solid ballistic and mine protection.
Cabins, including their rear walls, roofs and floors, are made of solid armored steel sheets, equipped with armored glass with loopholes for firing; powerful safe-type doors with locks with internal blocking. The roof has a hatch that can be used as a machine gun nest. The fuel tank and battery box are also armored.
Armored vehicle "Ural-4320VV".
It is planned to use a wide range of special equipment in these armored vehicles: night vision devices, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, army radio stations of various types, filter-ventilation installations, etc. It is also possible to install an armored module in the back to accommodate personnel (about 15-20 fighters). The layout of armored vehicles based on the Ural-4320 is free, which allows you to place a variety of types of special modules on the cargo platform.
