Since the UAZ Patriot is directly related to a cohort of SUVs, this should imply the mandatory presence of an all-wheel drive system in the design of this vehicle. The presence of 4 driving wheels allows the UAZ Patriot to confidently overcome obstacles of various complexity that are dotted with off-road.
Our article will touch upon the design features of the all-wheel drive of the Ulyanovsk SUV. We will also look at how the system works and how to turn on all-wheel drive.
The principle of operation of the all-wheel drive system
There is no doubt that all-wheel drive is a very pleasant bonus for the owner of any car. Advantages in cross-country ability and stability on slippery surfaces are evident here. However, such a drive can present some unpleasant moments to the owner of the UAZ Patriot. The first of these is an increase in fuel consumption.
Let's talk about the advantages, since they are much more in comparison with the negative aspects.
So, the advantages:
- adhesion to the roadway is significantly increased;
- confident start, especially on slippery surfaces;
- patency is significantly improved;
- more predictable handling and stability.
The disadvantages include the complexity of the design, although this is a purely subjective aspect, because for most technically “savvy” owners, the all-wheel drive UAZ Patriot does not seem to be something special in terms of design.
Consider what types of all-wheel drive systems are most common here.
- When the four-wheel drive is permanent.
- With the possibility of manual connection.
- Automatically connected.
In the UAZ Patriot, the developers used the second type of system, that is, the all-wheel drive mode can be activated manually.
This scheme has a number of advantages, namely:
- the ability to save fuel;
- turn on when needed;
- the cost of the nodes is significantly lower in comparison with the option where the all-wheel drive is connected automatically.
- It remains to figure out how to turn on the four-wheel drive.
How does the device work? The main role in the UAZ Patriot all-wheel drive system is assigned to the cardan, with the help of which the rotation is transmitted to the rear wheels directly through the stern bridge. This is a mono-drive mode, because the front wheels are not yet connected and have the “status” of the slaves. Below we will consider how to turn on all-wheel drive.
Note that for power-armed off-road vehicles such a design approach is the best solution. Here, the level of torque distribution between the axles is 50 to 50 (as a percentage).
The operation of the drive on 2 axes is carried out according to the kinematic diagram below.
- Torque from the flywheel of the motor is sent to the gearbox, and from it is transmitted to the transfer case.
- In the transfer case there is a special mechanism - the center differential. It is necessary to redistribute the rotating force between the axles.
- When the front drive activation lever is disengaged, the torque is transmitted only to the rear axle.
- If the lever is turned on, then the transfer case will begin to distribute the moment between the two axles.
- As noted, the rotational force is transmitted to the cardan shafts, not only the rear, but also the front drive.
- In order to drive the rear wheels, the designers installed an axle, which consists of a gearbox with a differential and axle shafts with hubs. Approximately similar units are used to transmit torque to the front wheels.
- A useful feature of the system is the presence of a differential lock. This function allows you to increase the cross-country ability, as it synchronizes the rotation of the wheels on the same axle during slipping, and this does not lead to a significant loss of torque.
The only drawback of the option is that the system is not recommended to be used for a long time, otherwise noise, vibrations and other signs of malfunctions in the drive units may quickly appear.
Now let's talk about how to turn on all-wheel drive in a UAZ Patriot car.
Turning on all-wheel drive on the Patriot
System control involves pre-switching hub couplings. In order for the owner of the UAZ Patriot to ensure the correct connection of the front axle drive, a number of simple manipulations will need to be performed. So, the inclusion of the front axle is as follows:
- First, manually activate the wheel couplings. For this purpose, from the side of the left wheel we move the pointer to the right, and from the side of the right wheel - to the left.
- Now, with the previously indicated lever, we turn on the transfer case. The drive is connected - you can move around.
Thus, the front axle is switched on.
If you want to activate a lower gear, then the transfer lever is switched to the appropriate position. This mode is necessary in order to increase the cross-country ability of the SUV. As you can see, the inclusion of the front axle does not cause any difficulties.
If you need to turn off the all-wheel drive mode, we proceed in the reverse order, that is, first we return the lever to its original position, and then turn off both couplings (hubs).
Transfer lever positions and their meanings
The lever is located, of course, in the cabin in close proximity to the main transmission gear selection lever.
Let's move on to considering the positions of the lever with explanations, and how the device works.
- The lever is located on the left rear. This position is the main one and indicates a deactivated front drive. Here, the transfer case does not function, and the torque transmission is fully addressed to the rear axle.
- The lever moved forward and to the right. This position indicates the connected front end drive. Note that the downshift still remains inactive. This mode is very effective on slippery surfaces or when overcoming light off-road conditions.
- The position when the lever is moved to the right and then back half the original stroke. This position is characterized by the neutral position of the transfer unit, which indicates the immobility of the vehicle at a given moment.
- The lever is in a position almost corresponding to the previous one, but brought back to the stop. With this position, the “observer” understands that the SUV is operating according to an all-wheel drive scheme, and with an activated downshift. Such actions should be resorted to while overcoming significant obstacles on the road or if the UAZ Patriot "sat down" in a swamp and you need to get out of there. That is, the mode is effective in critical situations and is not subject to constant use, otherwise there is a risk of harm to the system units.
Summing up
In 2015, the manufacturer of Ulyanovsk SUVs made adjustments to the all-wheel drive system. Now the connection of the front wheels, that is, the control of the distributing unit, is carried out not with the help of a lever, as we have just considered, but by means of electronics. In the cabin, the traditional lever has been replaced with a small knob that has the same functionality. In the event that your car does not have a lever, then the front axle is switched on according to the scheme described
A UAZ Patriot all-wheel drive car has two drive axles, and the front one is not connected through a clutch or electronic systems. The design provides for the selection of torque through the transfer case and further to the final drive of the bridge. Various photos and diagrams of both the front and rear axles can be viewed not only in catalogs, but also on sites on the Internet.
Design features, device
Car on a lift
There are no big differences in the device of the leading bridges. The front axle of the UAZ Patriot has a single-stage design. This is expressed in the transmission of torque through the main gear and differential.
In the front hollow beam there are two semi-axes, which perceive rotation from the driven gear of the final drive and transmit it to the hub. The axle shafts transmit rotation through CV joints.
You can use the wheels when using the front axle by turning on special couplings, also called hubs.
Possible malfunctions and their manifestation
Despite the simplicity, due to a high load or a violation of the operating rules, problems can occur that are easy to diagnose.
The front axle is characterized by such malfunctions:
- Increased noise during the operation of the bridge. This device problem can be caused by:
- violation of adjustment and development of differential bearings;
- improper adjustment of bearings, wear of gears in the design of the final drive gearbox;
- low oil level in the crankcase.
- The increased noise level during acceleration of the car and braking is due to:
- violation of the engagement or clearance of the main gear gears;
- an increase in bearing clearances in the absence of adjustment or as a result of wear.
- Knocking when the car starts off is caused by wear on the axis of the satellites in the differential mechanism.
- Oil level drop:
- loss of elasticity by the front axle oil seal;
- wear of the seals of the inner joint;
- poor fastening of the bridge cover.
- Noise during movement when cornering will be due to wear on the parts of one or more constant velocity joints.
It should be noted that the malfunctions are similar to those that may occur in the parts of the rear axle. Taking into account the simple device of the bridge, as a rule, there are no difficulties with repairs.
The sequence of actions for different types of repairs
Bearing adjustment
In order for the UAZ Patriot bridge to work reliably for a long time, after completing the necessary repair steps, it is necessary to correctly adjust the bearing clearances. Operations are performed in a specific order.
- An adjusting ring is selected for the main gear drive shaft bearing. The thickness of the ring is determined by the difference in length from the imaginary line of the center of the semiaxes to the outer edge of the bearing with the thickness of the bearing itself.
- After installing the adjusting ring and the drive gear, check the moment when the shaft rotates. It should not exceed 1.0-2.0 Nm.
- According to a similar algorithm, an adjusting ring is selected for the driven gear.
- When installing the differential, set the clearances of the axle shaft bearings with adjusting nuts.
- After mounting the mechanism, the output torque should be no more than 0.42 Nm when rotating by the drive gear.
- A necessary operation to control the correctness of the adjustments made is to check the absence of backlash, as well as the engagement of the gears of the mechanism along the contact patch. To do this, rotate the driven gear, controlling the place of contact of the teeth.
Bridge tuning
The engagement should not be superficial or excessively deep, for which purpose adjusting rings of the required thickness are installed under the bearings.
Since 2013, instead of a manual transfer case UAZ with manual control, a more powerful transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) with electric control has been installed on UAZ Patriot cars, and later on UAZ Pickup.
Transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) with electric control for UAZ Patriot and UAZ Pickup, main characteristics.
The catalog number of the transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) for UAZ Patriot and UAZ Pickup cars with a ZMZ-40905 gasoline engine and drive axles with a final drive ratio of 4.111 is 31638-1800021, 48000T00015.
The catalog number of the transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) for UAZ Patriot and UAZ Pickup vehicles with a ZMZ-51432 CRS diesel engine and Spicer drive axles with a final drive ratio of 4.625 is 31638-1800020, 48000T00016.
The control unit 3163-3765011, 48323T00015, transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) is located in the car. Two-way communication for control and diagnostics is carried out via K-line. Connector block - KET MG641791 (26 pin).
The main technical characteristics of the transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) for UAZ Patriot and UAZ Pickup.
- Gear ratios of the transfer case:
Overdrive (2H, 4H) - 1:1
Downshift (4L) - 2.542:1
- The maximum allowable torque at the input to the transfer case - 120 kgm
– Center distance between shafts: 241.29 mm
- Type of switching modes:
2H - 4H - rotary switch, double synchronizer
4H - 4L - rotary switch, without synchronizer
- Type of torque transmission: chain
– Service life: about 200,000 km
- Noise level at an oil temperature of plus 80 degrees:
4H at 3000 rpm - 82 dBa
4L at 2100 rpm - 82 dBA
– Dimensions: 416x432x347 mm
- Weight: 32.4 kg (without oil)
Operation modes of the transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) for UAZ Patriot and UAZ Pickup.
2H mode- 1:1 overdrive, rear-wheel drive only, used when driving on dry and hard surfaces.
4H mode- increased gear 1: 1, connects the front axle, all-wheel drive, used when driving off-road, wet and slippery roads. The activation of the 4H mode is signaled by the burning indicator 4H in the instrument.
4L mode- low gear 2.542:1, all-wheel drive, used when overcoming difficult terrain, steep ascents or descents, off-road, when towing in difficult road conditions, especially if increased traction on the wheels is required. The activation of the 4L mode is signaled by the burning indicator 4L in the instrument cluster.
Features of the operation of the transfer case DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) on the UAZ Patriot and UAZ Pickup.
With the help of the DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) transfer case, you can drive both in the all-wheel drive mode and only in the rear. The all-wheel drive mode is recommended to be used when driving on snow, mud, ice, and when more traction is needed, as well as when the grip of the wheels of one rear axle is not enough for confident movement of the car. The transfer box mode switch allows you to select the desired operating mode.
When switching to the all-wheel drive mode, slight mechanical sounds and vibrations are possible in the transfer case, this is not a malfunction. Driving with the front axle engaged on smooth and dry roads results in limited steering wheel turn and vibration when the steering wheel is turned. Driving a vehicle with the front axle engaged on smooth roads causes increased fuel consumption, noise, and also causes increased wear of tires and transmission components.
Any switching of the transfer case modes should be carried out only with the engine running. Switching on and off the 4H all-wheel drive mode can be performed both on a stationary vehicle and while driving in a straight line, in the absence of wheel slip. Switching on and off the 4L low gear all-wheel drive mode is carried out only when the vehicle is stationary.
By turning the DYMOS TF120E2 (F041EM) transfer case switch, the driving mode is selected: with rear axle drive, with all-wheel drive in high gear, with all-wheel drive in low gear. In the initial position 2H, there is no indication of the transfer case modes in the instrument cluster, the drive is carried out only on the rear axle.
Changing the driving mode from 2H to 4H, connecting the front axle in the transfer case.
Release the accelerator pedal, press and hold the clutch pedal. Move the switch handle from position 2H to position 4H. If the changeover is successful, the symbol 4H is displayed in the instrument cluster. Release the clutch pedal. In this case, if:
- attempts are being made to turn on the all-wheel drive mode at the time of significant slippage of the rear wheels relative to the front ones,
- the movement is carried out when there is a pressure difference in the front and rear wheels that is greater than prescribed by the instruction manual,
- immediately before turning on, a turn was made with the smallest possible radius, or an attempt to turn on is carried out directly in the process of turning,
- in other exceptional situations, in the event of which the front and rear wheel drives will have different speeds at the moment the all-wheel drive is turned on.
It is possible for the system to switch to emergency mode, a sign of the presence of which is the simultaneous activation of the 4WD CHECK, 4H and 4L signaling devices in the instrument cluster. In this case, only the rear wheel drive remains active. To enable the 4H mode in this case, you must move the switch to the 2H position and re-enable the 4H mode.
Changing the driving mode from 4H to 2H, disabling the front axle in the transfer case.
To turn off the 4H all-wheel drive mode and turn on the 2H single-rear axle drive, release the accelerator pedal, press and hold the pedal, and move the switch handle from the 4H position to the 2H position. If the changeover is successful, the 4H symbol in the instrument cluster goes out. Release the clutch pedal.
Changing the driving mode from 4H to 4L, downshifting in the transfer case.
To enable the 4L low gear 4WD mode, the 4H 4WD mode must first be engaged. Next, you need to stop the car, press and hold the clutch pedal. Move the switch handle from the 4H position, through the 4L position to the non-fixed position “ ” and hold it until the 4L signaling device turns on in the instrument cluster.
After turning on the 4L signaling device in the instrument cluster, release the switch handle, it will automatically return to the 4L position. Start driving by gently releasing the clutch pedal. If the engine is stopped in 4L mode, before driving, make sure that after starting the engine, the 4L driving mode is still on.
Changing the driving mode from 4L to 4H, switching off a low gear in the transfer case.
To disengage the 4L low gear 4WD mode, stop the vehicle and press and hold the clutch pedal. Then move the switch handle from position 4L to position 4H. After turning on the 4H signaling device in the instrument cluster, you can start moving by gently releasing the clutch pedal.
UAZ Patriot belongs to the SUV class, and from this it follows that its mandatory addition should be all-wheel drive on all four wheels. Indeed, the SUV is equipped with such a function that gives it the ability to get out of any puddles, swamps and other types of obstacles encountered on the road. It is about this addition for an SUV that will be discussed in this material. Consider how all-wheel drive works and how to turn it on correctly so as not to harm the design of the car.
Real SUV
It is known that all-wheel drive on a car is a pleasant addition to predominantly off-road vehicles, with which you can get out of any swamp. But the disadvantage of this phenomenon has always been considered a higher fuel consumption at the time of switching on this system. The main advantages of this system are:
- better grip of the vehicle with the road;
- motor efficiency;
- fast start;
- power increase;
- increased permeability;
- the best handling options.
Among the shortcomings, in addition to the doubled fuel consumption, one can also note the complex design of this system, which entails a considerable cost of the device.
Transfer case lever
In nature, three types of systems for cars are known:
- Constant;
- With automatic connection;
- With manual connection.
UAZ Patriot has a third type of all-wheel drive, that is, which is turned on manually. This has its advantages:
- fuel economy;
- turn on only when needed;
- the cost of such a design is lower than automatic.
So, the main driving device in the UAZ Patriot car is the rear cardan, that is, the SUV is driven using the rear axle. The front wheels are driven when the system is off.
Also, this type is the best solution for powerful SUVs, which is facilitated by the distribution of torque in ratios of 50 to 50.
All-wheel drive works as follows:
- From the motor, torque is transmitted directly to the box, and from it to the transfer case.
- In the razdatka there is such a device as a center differential, with the help of which the distribution of torque between the front and rear axles is carried out.
- When the front-wheel drive lever is turned off, the torque is distributed only to the rear axle. When enabled, both.
- The torque is supplied to the cardan of the rear (and, if necessary, front) axle, then it is transferred from it to the gears of the interwheel differential.
- Directly through the axle shafts, torque is transmitted to the rear wheels and, when the lever is on, to the front wheels.
The presence of a center differential lock is mandatory on systems with a permanent type of all-wheel drive. There is one drawback on the UAZ Patriot SUV (if it can be considered as such), which is that this system cannot be operated for a long time. That is, all-wheel drive can be turned on only when absolutely necessary: when driving on a dirt wet road or in snow. If you operate all-wheel drive on a UAZ Patriot SUV for a long time, then this will lead to noise in the system, vibrations and, of course, to an increase in fuel consumption.
The control of the manual type of all-wheel drive of the UAZ Patriot SUV is carried out directly by first switching the hub couplings. There is a lever in the cabin that acts on the transfer case, thereby turning on the center differential. How the inclusion occurs, and the main features of this process, we will consider in more detail.
Turning on all-wheel drive
So, having sorted out the important questions about what all-wheel drive the UAZ Patriot has and how it functions, attention should be paid to the manual control of this system.
To properly turn on all-wheel drive on an UAZ Patriot SUV, you should know the procedure for these actions, which we will consider later. To properly turn on the 4x4 system, you must:
- Initially enable manually, which we have already considered earlier. These clutches are located on the front wheels and to turn them on, you need to move the pointer to the right on the left wheel, and on the right, on the contrary, to the left.
- At this stage, you can consider the included front-wheel drive.
- Now the four-wheel drive is turned on by the transfer lever and movement is carried out. If it is necessary to increase the cross-country ability, you should switch the transfer case lever, thereby engaging a lower gear.
- When the obstacle is already behind, and it is very easy with the 4x4 system, then you need to turn off the system in the same way. To do this, the transfer case lever returns to its original position and the hubs are turned off.
Designation of the positions of the dispenser
In the cabin of the UAZ Patriot SUV, there is an additional lever located near the gear lever. Consider what the positions of this lever mean.
By the 2014 model year, the specialists of the Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant presented a surprise to their favorite brainchild - the Patriot - in the form of a new transfer case. Yes, not anyhow, but imported - Korean Hyundai-Dymos.
In fact, the new handout is produced in China, but it has a solid pedigree. The basics of its design were developed back in the 80s by Japanese manufacturers, and relatively recently, almost the same box could be found on the KIA Sorento and Hyundai Terracan. However, such "reincarnations" mean that the handout is successful, and since it suited the Japanese and Koreans, it means that it is not so bad.
What is the point of replacing an old and proven mechanical handout, and is the game worth the candle? Let's figure it out.
The mechanical drive is a simple and reliable thing. And what about the electric transfer case? The razdatka or previous models of the Patriots is connected due to the muscular strength of the driver, “sticking” the levers into the desired position. I had enough strength - I connected the front axle or a lower gear, no - eat porridge. Unlike the “mechanics”, the Hyundai-Dymos electric box is turned on easily - with one turn of the “washer” (its official name is “rotary controller”). All the rest of the work is done by an electric motor that controls the rods.
The absence of all-wheel drive levers and a multiplier in the passenger compartment causes ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, they are even in the "cool" and prestigious SUVs. On the other hand, the 21st century is in the yard, and an elegant round selector instead of a “poker”, familiar from the distribution box UAZ-469 and “”, is a normal step for a manufacturer trying to catch up with the modern automotive industry.
The front axle can be connected on the go with one movement of the joystick. But the algorithm for switching on the reduced row leaves much to be desired. The designers overdid it with "fool protection", and now even people with high IQ find it difficult to figure out how to work with the 2014 handout without instructions. There are too many non-intuitive actions in the activation process. Necessary:
- turn on "neutral" and release the clutch pedal;
- turn the selector all the way to the right and wait a few seconds;
- depress the clutch for two seconds - until the "4L" icon lights up on the dashboard.
Finally, the lower row is turned on, and you can go to conquer your native element - dirt and off-road. As soon as they start, the drivers, who have tried the UAZ Patriot for the first time with a new transfer case, freeze in bewilderment. Thanks to the multi-row Morse chain, which the box is equipped with instead of the ever-humming gears, there is much less noise in the cabin. Of course, having reseeded from an imported SUV, it is impossible to fully appreciate the advantages of the Hyundai-Dymos dispenser installed on the UAZ, because there are still a lot of buzzing, rattling and howling parts in the car. But experienced UAZ drivers with experience and trained hearing will surely notice the difference. An additional plus to the comfort in the cabin is the absence of constantly vibrating control levers.
Let's look under the car. The clearance under the transfer case is 32 cm - more than under the main gear (there - 21 cm). Therefore, it should not become a "bottleneck" that limits the car's off-road patency. But even in the photo you can see that the new UAZ razdatka could use additional protection, because by storming ravines and gullies, and just getting into a deep rut, you can damage the electric motor protruding outward. The changed dimensions of the transfer case and the increased torque at the output of it forced the cardan shafts to be changed: the front one was strengthened, and the rear one was shortened by removing the intermediate support. The absence of extra support is a big plus in favor of Hyundai-Dymos: fewer weak points - a more reliable design as a whole, and the cardan without it does not vibrate so much.
What's inside the aluminum case? The gear ratio of the lower row has increased by 31% and now stands at 2.56, and in the main pair it remains the same as before. That is, now the "Patriot" can overcome rough terrain even more confidently thanks to the increased cross-country ability and more torque on the wheels. Previously, such an effect could only be achieved by tuning the handout, for which you had to spend your hard-earned money. Now UAZ is even “off-road” straight off the assembly line.
So, how successful was the implantation of the Hyundai-Dymos unit, and does the UAZ Patriot need a new transfer case at all?
- Pros: new gear ratio, less noise and vibration.
- Cons: increased price and many questions about the maintenance and repair of the transfer case at Russian services.
Only a year has passed since the launch of the updated model in production, and it is still too early to give definite answers. But the sales figures show that the buyer votes with the ruble for the electric razdatka: the new "Patriots" are sold better than the basic equipment with the "poker".
