By overall dimensions. Overall dimensions of the main types of trucks

INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CARGO CARGO COMPARTMENT WITH A LOAD CAPACITY OF 10-15 TONS
The class of 10 ton cars with a tented body includes various cars domestic and imported production.

The class can be divided into several subclasses:
Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 7 tons with a body volume of up to 56 m3
Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 15 tons with a volumetric (50-60 m3) and long body(up to 8m)

Approximate Specifications cargo compartment vehicle with a carrying capacity of 10-15 tons*:

Length: 5.0 - 8.0 m.
Width: 2.4 -2.5. m.
Height: 1.5 - 3.0 m.
Volume: 25-60 m3

Trucks this class are actively used in long-distance and international directions. Usually the cabin is equipped with a berth and provides a place for the freight forwarder. IN standard equipment the car is completed with fastening belts (to 6 pieces). The cargo compartment is adapted to different options loading / unloading (top, side). Import models trucks can be equipped with air suspension, which significantly improves the smoothness of the ride and provides better preservation light weight cargo. Cars can be equipped with an elevator.

INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CARGO COMPARTMENT OF A ZIL CLASS VEHICLE
According to their main consumer qualities(tonnage, volume, overall dimensions) ZIL class vehicles include various models domestic and imported trucks. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may vary slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes.

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of ZIL class vehicles:
Length: 3.5 - 4 m.
Width: 2-2.3m.
Height: 2-2.3 m.
Volume: 14-21 m3
Load capacity: 5 tons.
Cars of this class are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). Often used for transportation of personal items, moving.


INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CARGO COMPARTMENT OF THE VEHICLE OF THE CLASS "ZIL-BULL"
According to their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be attributed to cars of the ZIL-Bychok class. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may vary slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes.

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of ZIL-Bychok class cars:
Length: 3.7 m.
Width: 2.1m.
Height: 2.2 m.
Volume: 17 m3
Load capacity: 3.5 tons.
Cars of this class are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). Technical characteristics allow to guarantee a sufficiently high average speed(up to 80 km / h.) A small axle load allows this vehicle to travel freely in areas with restrictions on the entry of trucks.
INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF THE CARGO CARGO COMPARTMENT OF THE GAZELLE CLASS VEHICLE
According to their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be attributed to GAZelle class cars. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may vary slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes.

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of Gazelle class vehicles:
Length: 2.8 - 3.2 m. (There are elongated options, up to 4.5 m.)
Width: 1.8 -1.9. m.
Height: 1.7 - 2 m.
Volume: 9-11 m3
Load capacity: 1.5-1.7 tons.
Cars of this class are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). The technical characteristics make it possible to guarantee a fairly high average speed (up to 100 km/h) and the cabin layout provides space for one or two passengers (forwarders).

The tented version of the cargo compartment suggests the possibility of tenting and getting an open cargo compartment. The car can be equipped with fastening straps and other additional equipment (elevator, hard sides).


INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF THE ISOTHERMAL LOAD COMPARTMENT OF A VEHICLE WITH A LOADING CAPACITY OF 10-15 TONS
The class of 10 ton vehicles with an isothermal body includes various vehicles of domestic and foreign production.

The class can be divided into several subclasses:
Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 5 tons with a body volume close to the volume of a 10 ton car (36 m3)
Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 7 tons with a body volume of up to 56 m3.
Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 15 tons with a volumetric (50-60 m3) and a long body (up to 8m).
Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of a car with a carrying capacity of 10-15 tons *:
Length: 5.0 - 8.0 m.
Width: 2.4 -2.5. m.
Height: 1.5 - 3.0 m.
Volume: 25-60 m3
Load capacity: 5-15 tons.
*Significant variation in parameters due to big amount cargo bay options.

Imported truck models can be equipped with air suspension, which significantly improves the smoothness of the ride and ensures better safety of the easily breakable cargo. Cars can be equipped with an elevator.


CHARACTERISTICS OF 20 FEET CONTAINER
In terms of consumer qualities, a car with an installed 20-foot sea container is close to 10 ton car with tarpaulin or isothermal body.

There are various types of sea 20 foot containers. The most commonly used types are listed below. Regular 20 ft. container.
20 ft. thermal container (similar to an isothermal van)
20 ft. refrigerated container (isothermal van with built-in refrigeration unit).
20 ft. container with tarpaulin roof.
20 ft. platform with mounting posts.

dimensions 20 ft. container:
Length: 6.25
Width: 2.4
Height: 2.5
Volume: 34 m3
Load capacity: 10-20 tons (limited by vehicle load capacity).


CHARACTERISTICS OF 40 FEET CONTAINER
In terms of consumer qualities, a car with an installed 40-foot sea container is close to a 20-ton car with a tilt or isothermal body (Eurotent).

There are various types of sea 40 foot containers. The most commonly used types are listed below: Regular 40 ft. container.
40 ft. thermal container (similar to an isothermal van)
40 ft. refrigerated container (isothermal van with built-in refrigeration unit).
40 ft. container with tarpaulin roof.
40 ft. platform with mounting posts.
All types of sea containers are used as a rule for the carriage of goods in mixed traffic (using various kinds transport). All containers have unified external dimensions.

Dimensions 40 ft. to-ra.:
Length: 12.5
Width: 2.4
Height: 2.5
Volume: 68 m3
Load capacity: 20-28 tons (limited by vehicle load capacity).


INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF THE EUROTENT CARGO COMPARTMENT
"Eurotent" is a conditional concept denoting a truck with a semi-trailer having overall dimensions and characteristics close to the following:
length - 13.6 m.
width - 2.45 m.
height - 2.45 m.
volume - 82 m3
load capacity - 20-22 tons.
There are a large number of modifications of semi-trailers, among which the most common ones can be distinguished:

A curtainsider semi-trailer can have various additional equipment (belts, a lift-shovel, fixing handrails) that significantly expand its scope.

The design of the semi-trailer allows you to remove the tarpaulin and thus makes it possible to load / unload from the side or from above. In addition, a semi-trailer without an awning allows you to use the semi-trailer as an open area with a side height of 35 to 50 cm.

INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF ISOTHERMAL SEMI-TRAILER WITH VOLUME ~82 M3.
The isothermal semi-trailer with a volume of 82 m3 has similar consumer properties with smaller isothermal vans. The following overall dimensions can be considered reference for this type of semi-trailer:
length - 13.6 m.
width - 2.45 m.
height - 2.45 m.
volume - 82 m3
There are a large number of modifications of semi-trailers semi-trailers, among which the most common ones can be distinguished:
Semi-trailers with a volume of 76-78 m3 - has a shorter length (12.5 - 13 m)
Semi-trailers with a standard or greater length, width and height (13.6 m, 2.5 m, 2.7 m.)

The suspension of semi-trailers is executed in spring or pneumatic version. Air suspension guarantees the road train a smooth ride, ensuring the safety of easily breakable cargo.

Distinctive feature cargo compartment type "Thermovan", is the ability to maintain for a long time (10-20 hours) the temperature at which the loading was carried out, provided the external temperature is from -10C to +20C. In addition, on some models, there is the possibility of heating the cargo compartment, which allows for a longer time and at lower external temperatures to maintain the internal temperature. The sides of the cargo compartment are made of foam plastic sheathed with tin. The doors of the cargo compartment are equipped with a seal. There are ventilation holes. As a rule, the cargo compartment is equipped with an additional side door that facilitates loading / unloading.


INTERNAL DIMENSIONS OF REFRIGERATED SEMI-TRAILER WITH VOLUME ~82 M3.
The refrigerated semi-trailer is cargo semi-trailer the temperature in which can change from minus (- 7-12C) to plus (0-10C) regardless of the external temperature. This ability of the cargo compartment is provided by an autonomous refrigeration unit. Modern refrigeration units have different levels of protection against emergency temperature changes, which ensures the safety of the cargo. Installations may be able to record the temperature regime on specialized "blanks". The main scope of these semi-trailers is the transportation of perishable products or goods requiring special temperature conditions. The semi-trailer has the following overall dimensions:
length - 13.6 m.
width - 2.45 m.
height - 2.45 m.
volume - 82 m3
load capacity - 20-25 tons.
There are a large number of modifications of semi-trailers, among which the most common ones can be distinguished: Semi-trailers with a volume of 76-78 m3 - have a shorter length (12.5 - 13 m) Semi-trailers with a standard or greater length, width and height (13.6 m , 2.5 m, 2.7 m.)

The main consumer characteristic of this semi-trailer is the volume or number of pallets that can be loaded.

The suspension of semi-trailers is executed in spring or pneumatic version. Pneumatic suspension guarantees the road train a smooth ride, ensuring the safety of easily breakable cargo.

Often, goods are transported by rail or by road train, the dimensions of which go beyond the standard limits. They are called oversized, require special marking, fixing and stowage during loading. Dimension - what is it and why is it needed? There are several main types of dimensions that are used to calculate the type of a particular cargo, equipment, and also allow you to take into account travel routes in problem areas.

Railway dimensions

Considering that trains travel in a strictly fixed direction and cannot turn around to go around an unexpected obstacle, there are certain dimensions related to buildings, cargo and rolling stock that have clear and fixed dimensions.

The outline perpendicular to the axis of the track, in which the railway stock standing on a straight track should be placed, without parts going beyond this contour, regardless of the load, is called the gauge of the rolling stock. These dimensions refer to wagons and platforms that circulate on all types of general purpose tracks. railways Russia and can be operated exclusively on lines where devices and buildings meet the requirements included in the size of the building.

building zoom

Dimensions - what is in relation to the approach of buildings on the railway? The maximum transverse contour, inside which, in addition to trains and other rolling stock, other elements of devices and structures should not enter, is the clearance of buildings.

Excluded from this list are only parts directly related to train(ensuring its operation). These include:

• Hump ​​retarders for wagons.
• Signaling and communication devices.

The placement of these devices within the overall space must be coordinated by the elements interacting directly with them. Gosstandart provides for two types of dimensions for approaching buildings: "C" and "Sp".

Cargoes and equipment (dimensions)

Dimensions and dimensions of cargo are regulated by the loading gauge. It represents the maximum transverse contour in which the load must be placed, without any parts going beyond the established norms. This indicator is close to the same indicator but has large tolerances in width by 15 cm (340 instead of 325).

Products and goods that cannot be placed in accordance with the loading gauge are classified as oversized items. Their transportation is carried out in the manner prescribed by the Russian Railways. In order to control the correct placement of transported objects at points of mass loading (on access roads, in ports, at transfer points), clearance gates are mounted that control the freedom of passage of a loaded transport train.

Container dimensions

To ensure safety, efficiency and maximum productivity during loading and unloading and transport operations, all containers have certain fixed dimensions, depending on the type. Below are the dimensions of containers that are most often used in the transportation of goods.

Standard twenty-foot modification:

• External length/height/width - 6096/2591/2370 (mm).
• Similar internal indicators - 5935/2383/2335 (mm).
• Maximum weight (with container) - 24 tons.
• Volume - 33.9 cubic meters. m.

40ft refrigerated container:

• External length/height/width - 12192/2591/2438 (mm).
• Similar internal dimensions- 11555/2280/2286 (mm).
• Gross weight (maximum) - 30.48 tons.
• Container (weight) - 4.37 tons.

Requirements and dimensions for oversized cargo

Oversized cargo is transported products, the size of which goes beyond the limits established by the relevant paragraphs of the rules for transportation, as well as technical indicators vehicle (TC). Such goods are not intended for carriage on conventional trucks ah or wagons.

As the rules say traffic, oversized cargo must be transported by transport, which have the following indicators:

• Width (mm) - 2500.
• Length (mm) - 20,000.
• Altitude from road level - 4000 m.

If the dimensions, dimensions of the cargo are more than four meters wide, it must be transported under the supervision and accompanied by employees of the State Traffic Inspectorate.

Limitations of the functionality of the vehicle in terms of capacity:

• Height - 2500 mm.
• Length - - 13 600 mm.
• Width - - 2500 mm.

If at least one indicator is exceeded, the products are classified as oversized cargo. Dimensions also affect the cost of transportation.

Peculiarities

Knowing the concept of "dimension", what it is and what its features are, it is much easier to navigate in optimal choice cargo transportation. It is not always acceptable to transport goods that are larger than the normative indicators. All pros and cons should be considered.

The advantages include the following:

• Carrier's guarantees on the safety of products and ensuring traffic safety.
• Possibility of using different types of transport, depending on the characteristics of the cargo.
• As a variant, railway rolling stock can be operated.

Among the shortcomings there are such aspects:

• The complexity of the installation and stowage of cargo, the dimensions of which do not make it possible to optimally place it on the transport platform.
• The need to coordinate such transportation with the Federal Road Transportation Service.
• High price.

Transportation methods

Dimensions of equipment or other goods that exceed the standard dimensions require an individual approach to their transportation in each specific case.

If the goods have an excessively large mass, then it is appropriate to use platforms with an appropriate load capacity and the maximum possible number of axles, which serve to protect against deformation of the roadway and ensure weight distribution over the entire loading plane.

Transportation of oversized cargo can be carried out by special vehicles (ferries, barges, transshipment ships, truck tractors increased power, special railway rolling stock).

Conclusion

In the transportation of goods, it is very important to take into account any size. What it is, has been discussed above. Briefly, it can be summarized that standard size is a guideline, the excess of which requires a different approach to the transportation of goods, taking into account its width, length, height and weight. These same parameters mainly affect the choice of the vehicle that will be transported. At the same time, vehicles must be equipped with special signs and plates warning about oversized cargo.

Dimensions of the main types of trucks

In this section you can get acquainted with the technical characteristics of the main types trucks. First of all, these are the following parameters: length, width, height, volume, load capacity. Also provided are the distinguishing features various types a / m, their specificity for consumers transport services, applications, etc.

Gazelle

According to their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be attributed to Gazelle class vehicles. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may vary slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes.

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of a Gazelle car:

Length:	2.8 - 3.2 m (there are elongated up to 4.5 m)
Width:	1.8 - 1.9 m
Height:	1.7 - 2 m
Volume:	9 - 11 m3
Load capacity:	1.5 - 1.7 tons

Cars of this class are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). The technical characteristics make it possible to guarantee a sufficiently high average speed (up to 100 km/h), and the cabin layout provides space for one or two passengers (forwarders).

The tented version of the cargo compartment suggests the possibility of tenting and getting an open cargo compartment. The vehicle may be equipped with lashing straps and other additional equipment(lift, hard sides).

ZIL-Bychok

According to their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be attributed to cars of the ZIL-Bychok class. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may vary slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes.

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of ZIL-Bychok cars:

Length:	3.7 m
Width:	2.1 m
Height:	2.2 m
Volume:	17 m3
Load capacity:	3.5 tons

Cars of this type are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). Technical characteristics allow to guarantee a sufficiently high average speed (up to 80 km / h.) A small axle load allows this car to travel freely in areas with restrictions on the entry of trucks

ZIL

According to their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be attributed to ZIL class vehicles. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may vary slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes.

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of ZIL vehicles:

Length:	3.5 - 4 m
Width:	2-2.3 m
Height:	2.45 m
Volume:	14-21 m3
Load capacity:	5 tons

Cars of this type are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). Often used for transporting personal items, moving, etc.

10-ton tarpaulin

The class of 10 ton cars with a tented body includes various cars of domestic and foreign production.

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of a car with a carrying capacity of 10-15 tons:

Length:	5.0 - 8.0 m
Width:	2.4 - 2.5 m
Height:	1.8 - 3.0 m
Volume:	25 - 60 m3
Load capacity:	5-15 tons

* A significant variation in the parameters due to the large number of options for cargo compartments.

Trucks of this class are actively used on long-distance and international routes. Usually the cabin is equipped with a berth and provides a place for the freight forwarder. As standard, the machine is equipped with mounting straps (up to 6 pieces). The cargo compartment is adapted to various loading / unloading options (top, side). Imported truck models can be equipped with air suspension, which significantly improves the smoothness of the ride and ensures better safety of the easily breakable cargo. Cars can be equipped with an elevator.

10-ton thermal

The class of 10 ton vehicles with an isothermal body includes various vehicles of domestic and foreign production.

The class can be divided into several subclasses:

• Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 5 tons with a body volume close to the volume of a 10 ton car (36 m3)
• Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 10 tons with a body volume of up to 56 m3.
• Cars with a carrying capacity of up to 15 tons with a volumetric (50-60 m3) and a long body (up to 8m).

Approximate characteristics of the cargo compartment of a car with a carrying capacity of 10-15 tons *:

Length:	5.0 - 8.0 m
Width:	2.4 - 2.5 m
Height:	1.8 - 3.0 m
Volume:	25 - 60 m3
Load capacity:	5-15 tons

* A significant variation in the parameters due to the large number of options for cargo compartments.

A distinctive feature of the cargo compartment of the "thermovan" type is the ability to maintain for a long time (10-20 hours) the temperature at which the loading was carried out, provided that the external temperature is from -10C to +20C. In addition, on some models, there is the possibility of heating the cargo compartment, which allows for a longer time and at lower external temperatures to maintain the internal temperature.

The sides of the cargo compartment are made of foam plastic sheathed with tin. The doors of the cargo compartment are equipped with a seal. There are ventilation holes. As a rule, the cargo compartment is equipped with an additional side door that facilitates loading / unloading. Imported truck models can be equipped with air suspension, which significantly improves the smoothness of the ride and ensures better safety of the easily breakable cargo. Cars can be equipped with an elevator.

10 ton with 20 feet container

In terms of consumer qualities, a car with an installed 20-foot sea container is close to a 10-ton car with a tilt or isothermal body.There are various types of sea 20-foot containers (for more details, see the main characteristics of large-capacity containers). The most commonly used types are listed below. Regular 20ft container.

• 20 ft. thermal container (similar to an isothermal van)
• 20 ft. refrigerated container (isothermal van with built-in refrigeration unit)
• 20 ft. container with tarpaulin roof
• 20 ft. platform with racks

Overall dimensions of a 20' container:

Length:	6.0 m
Width:	2.4 m
Height:	2.4 m
Volume:	34 m3
Load capacity:	10-20 tons (limited by vehicle capacity)

All types of sea containers are used as a rule for the transportation of goods in mixed traffic (using different modes of transport). All containers have unified external dimensions. In Russia, there is a category of machines with containers of various types installed on a frame platform for permanent use in road transport.

2 0-ton with 40' container

In terms of consumer qualities, a car with an installed 40-foot sea container is close to a 20-ton car with a tilt or isothermal body (Eurotent).There are various types of sea 40 foot containers. The most commonly used types are listed below:

• Regular 40 ft. container
• 40 ft. thermal container (similar to an isothermal van)
• 4 0 ft. refrigerated container (isothermal van with built-in refrigeration unit)
• 40 ft. container with tarpaulin roof
• 40 ft. platform with racks

Overall dimensions of a 40' container:

Length:	12.0 m
Width:	2.4 m
Height:	2.4 m
Volume:	68 m3
Load capacity:	20-28 tons

All types of sea containers are used as a rule for the transportation of goods in mixed traffic (using different modes of transport). All containers have unified external dimensions. In Russia, there is a category of vehicles with containers of various types installed on a frame platform for permanent use in road transport.

20-ton truck with isothermal semi-trailer

The isothermal semi-trailer with a volume of 82 m3 has similar consumer properties with smaller isothermal vans. There are a large number of modifications of semi-trailers (for details, see the catalog specifications trucks), among which the most common can be distinguished: semi-trailers with a volume of 76-78 m3 - has a shorter length (12.5 - 13 m) and semi-trailers with a standard or greater length, width and height (13.6 m, 2.5 m, 2.7 m). The main consumer characteristic of this semi-trailer is the volume or number of pallets that can be loaded.

Overall dimensions of the isothermal semi-trailer:

Length:	13.6 m
Width:	2.45 m
Height:	2.45 m
Volume:	82 m3
Load capacity:	20-25 tons
Europallet capacity:	33 pcs

The suspension of semi-trailers is executed in spring or pneumatic version. Pneumatic suspension guarantees the road train a smooth ride, ensuring the safety of easily breakable cargo.A distinctive feature of the cargo compartment of the "Thermovan" type is the ability to maintain for a long time (10-20 hours) the temperature at which the loading was carried out, provided that the external temperature is from -10C to +20C.

In addition, on some models, there is the possibility of heating the cargo compartment, which allows for a longer time and at lower external temperatures to maintain the internal temperature. The sides of the cargo compartment are made of foam plastic sheathed with tin. The doors of the cargo compartment are equipped with a seal. There are ventilation holes. As a rule, the cargo compartment is equipped with an additional side door that facilitates loading / unloading.

20 ton refrigerated truck

A refrigerated semi-trailer is a cargo semi-trailer in which the temperature can change from minus (-7-12C) to positive (0-10C) regardless of the outside temperature. This ability of the cargo compartment is provided by an autonomous refrigeration unit. Modern refrigeration units have different levels of protection against emergency temperature changes, which ensures the safety of the cargo.

Installations may be able to record the temperature regime on specialized "blanks". The main scope of these semi-trailers is the transportation of perishable products or goods requiring special temperature conditions (see. temperature regime when transporting perishable products by road). The semi-trailer has the following overall dimensions:

Overall dimensions of the refrigerated semi-trailer:

Length:	13.6 m
Width:	2.45 m
Height:	2.45 m
Volume:	82 m3
Load capacity:	20-25 tons
Europallet capacity:	33 pcs

There are a large number of modifications of semi-trailers, among which the most common ones can be distinguished: Semi-trailers with a volume of 76-78 m3 - have a shorter length (12.5 - 13 m) and semi-trailers with a standard or greater length, width and height (13.6 m, 2.5 m, 2.7 m).

The main consumer characteristic of this semi-trailer is the volume or number of pallets that can be loaded. The suspension of semi-trailers is executed in spring or pneumatic version. Pneumatic suspension guarantees the road train a smooth ride, ensuring the safety of easily breakable cargo.

Eurotruck tilt-covered

"Eurotent"- a conditional concept denoting a truck with a semi-trailer having overall dimensions close to the specified characteristics. In the eurotruck, as the eurotent is otherwise called, it fits across the width of 2 europallets 120 cm long each.

Overall dimensions of "Eurotent":

Length:	13.6 m
Width:	2.45 m
Height:	2.45 m
Volume:	82 m3
Load capacity:	20-22 tons
Europallet capacity:	33 pcs

Semitrailer (Eurotrailer, Megatrailer). There are a large number of modifications of tilt euro trucks, among which are semi-trailers with a length of 12.5 to 13.6 m, a width of up to 2.45 m, a height of up to 3 m and a useful volume of 78 to 120 m3. Thanks to its excellent cross and maneuverability, the truck can deliver up to 20 tons or up to 120 cubic meters of cargo to the specified address. Trucks deliver consumer goods, industrial goods, foodstuffs, long or bulky goods, etc.

One of the advantages of cargo transportation by truck is the ability to load and unload the car from above, from the side and from behind. Loading and unloading can be done by a truck crane, a loader or using the forces of loaders. The awning of the truck is removed, which allows loading non-standard cargo from the side, pallets in the amount of 30 to 34 pcs.

Eurotruck with rigid van

A rigid wagon van is not as comfortable as a tilt van. Because of design features this body, only rear loading and unloading is possible.

Length:	13.2 - 13.6 m
Width:	2.35 - 2.45 m
Height:	2.30 - 2.50 m
Volume:	82 - 86 m3
Load capacity:	20-22 tons
Europallet capacity:	33 pcs

IN transport logistics eurotruck, with a volume of 82 cubic meters, is considered the most popular and common vehicle. If there is a need to transport cargo in a rigid van, then for these purposes there is a furniture van.

Coupling 110, 120 semi-trailer + trailer (road train).

road train- this is a coupling of two truck trailers , usually with a volume of 60 m3. In general, a road train-coupler can carry 110-120 cubic meters of cargo on the roads general purpose without obtaining special permission. But the coupling capacity, as a rule, does not exceed 20 tons. The truck of 120 cubic meters is most suitable for the transportation of bulk and light cargo.

110, 120, hitch- this is the name of trucks that allow you to transport the maximum volume (110, 120 cubic meters) of cargo on general roads without special permits. This road train (coupling), in contrast to the euro truck, consists of a car and a trailer of the same or different volume and load capacity, it depends on the design features of a particular vehicle. At the same time, the total characteristics remain 120/110 cubic meters / 20 tons. Advantages: fast loading (unloading) and large usable volume. Disadvantage: not suitable for transporting long loads.

Isothermal automatic coupler

Car with a body on one frame + trailer. It can hold a certain temperature for a long time. Advantage: fast loading (unloading) and large usable volume.

Overall dimensions of the automatic coupler:

Length:	13.2 - 13.6 m
Width:	2.35 - 2.45 m
Height:	2.30 - 2.50 m
Volume:	1.0 - 120 m3
Load capacity:	20 tons
Europallet capacity:	34 pcs

Yumba or mega (Jumbo, Mega)

Another type of transport designed for the transportation of bulky goods is "yumba" and « mega » . Suitable for transporting high, cubic loads. A semi-trailer with a larger capacity than a eurotrailer. This is achieved due to the special "L"-shaped floor and the reduced diameter of the wheels of the semi-trailer.

Features of these types of bulk semi-trailers reduce the diameter of the wheels, due to this, the height of the semi-trailer increases, here it can reach 3.2 meters. They have one difference, an ordinary tractor is suitable for a "yumba", because. floor height of the L-shaped semi-trailer. The main part of the semi-trailer is 3-3.2 meters high, and the part that falls on the tractor saddle has a lower height.Minus the semi-trailer " Yumba» (jumbo or even jumbo) uneven floor height, difficulty loading, long loads cannot be transported.

Dimensions:

Length:	13.2 - 13.6 m
Width:	2.45 m
Height:	2.30 - 2.50 m
Volume:	96 - 120 m3
Load capacity:	20 tons
Europallet capacity:	34 pcs
Yumba body size
Length:	9.2 m
Width:	2.45 m
Height:	3.15-3.2 m
Yumba step size:
Length:	4.4 m
Width:	2.45 m
Height:	2.5-2.7 m

The next option is the "mega" tent semi-trailer. Here, the semi-trailer has smaller diameter wheels and the trailer has smaller ones. By reducing the diameters of the wheels, the maximum permissible useful height of the semi-trailer is achieved. The volume of these semi-trailers is from 100 to 115 cubic meters. This type are ideal for transportation of almost any type of cargo: pipes, all pallet cargo, special equipment and many, many others. The downside is that in the event of a breakdown of the tractor, the semi-trailer is practically not transported by other tractors.

Flatbed truck

Flatbed truck is more often used for transportation of building materials, equipment not afraid of precipitation.

Overall dimensions of the onboard truck:

Length:	11.7 - 13.6 m
Width:	2.35 - 2.45 m
Load capacity:	20-25 tons
Europallet capacity:	34 pcs

Loading is mainly done with a crane or a manipulator. The most optimal mode of transport for the transportation of building materials, heavy machinery and equipment, containers, lining and any other cargo are airborne, open cars, they are often called scows.

Open platform (Container platform)

Low bed container semi-trailers are designed to carry two 20' containers or one 40' high/standard container. The weight of the transported cargo on low-bed semi-trailers can reach 30 tons.

Overall dimensions of a container ship:

Length:	12.65 m
Width:	2.50 m
Load capacity:	30 tons

It is applied to transportation of the goods steady against external weather influences. Can also be used for transport oversized equipment. For this cargo platform holds two 20' containers or one 40' container.

Remember the famous thesis expressed by Ostap Bender: "A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation"? In our time, it can be supplemented with the words "people and goods."

If the majority of motorists have no questions about the rules for transporting passengers, then not everyone is familiar with the nuances associated with the transportation of goods. A whole section is devoted to this issue in the Rules of the Road.

SDA requirements

IN traffic rules for transportation section 23 is devoted to cargo, consisting of five paragraphs, in which the legislator has provided for all possible situations that arise during their transportation by car.

23.1 refers to allowed values by weight of cargo. 23.2 requires the driver to control its placement and fastening.

23.1. The mass of the transported cargo and the distribution of the load along the axles must not exceed the values ​​established by the manufacturer for this vehicle.

23.2. Before starting and during the movement, the driver is obliged to control the placement, fastening and condition of the load in order to avoid its falling, interfering with the movement.

Paragraph 23.3 of the SDA indicates in detail when the carriage of goods is allowed and has five paragraphs, of which it is necessary to mention quite unusual for modern drivers something that many drivers forget: the placement of the load should not interfere with the perception of hand signals.

23.3. Carriage of cargo is allowed provided that it:

• does not restrict the driver's view;
• does not complicate control and does not violate the stability of the vehicle;
• does not cover external lighting fixtures and retroreflectors, registration and identification marks, and also does not interfere with the perception of signals given by hand;
• does not create noise, does not produce dust, does not pollute the road and the environment.

If the condition and placement of the cargo do not meet the specified requirements, the driver is obliged to take measures to eliminate violations of the listed transportation rules or stop further movement.

Permissible cargo dimensions for transportation by road

What is considered bulky cargo, the transportation of which does not require special permits, but has strictly defined transportation rules specified in the traffic rules?

23.4. Cargo protruding beyond the dimensions of the vehicle in front and behind by more than 1 m or laterally by more than 0.4 m from the outer edge side light, should be marked with identification marks " Oversized cargo", and in dark time days and under conditions insufficient visibility, in addition, in front - a flashlight or a retroreflector white color, behind - a flashlight or a red reflector.

By lenght

If the cargo protrudes beyond the dimensions of the car in front and behind by more than 1 m, but not more than 2 m. It should be noted here that despite the presence of the letter “and”, you can read “or”. Suppose the load is extended by more than a meter only for tail clearance car, but not in front, it is already becoming oversized.

By width

It is also indicated how much the load can protrude along the width of the car - no more than 40 cm.

ATTENTION. Unlike the first case, where the length of the protruding part should be measured from the extreme point of the car, here the measurement is made from the edge of the rear position light, which means that it will actually protrude somewhat less than the prescribed 40 cm, since the specified lamp is always somewhat deeper than the extreme side point car.

If, after measurements, at least one parameter exceeds the above standards, it must be marked with the “Oversized cargo” sign, and at night or with insufficient visibility, also with lights or retroreflectors: white in front and red in the back.

Height

Despite the fact that paragraph 23.4 of the SDA does not speak about the height of the load, it should be remembered that the load should not exceed four meters up from the surface of the carriageway (paragraph 23.5 of the SDA).

Consider the following situation: the cargo does not protrude beyond the dimensions of the car, but reaches a height of 3 meters 85 centimeters from the roadbed, the “Oversized cargo” sign is not required.

Sometimes it happens.

Paragraph 23.5 of the SDA defines goods and vehicles for the transportation or passage of which will have to obtain a special permit:

23.5. Transportation of heavy and dangerous goods, vehicle movement, overall parameters which, with or without cargo, exceeds 2.55 m in width (2.6 m for refrigerators and insulated bodies), 4 m in height from the surface of the carriageway, 20 m in length (including one trailer), or the movement of a vehicle with cargo protruding beyond the back point of the vehicle's dimensions by more than 2 m, as well as the movement of road trains with two or more trailers is carried out in accordance with special rules.

International road transport carried out in accordance with the requirements for vehicles and transportation rules established by international treaties Russian Federation.

Transportation rules

On the territory of the Russian Federation, the transportation of oversized cargo is regulated by a number of regulatory legal acts, in addition to traffic rules, this includes:

• Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 No. No. 272 ​​"On approval of the rules for the carriage of goods by road";
• Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2012 No. 258 “On Approval of the Procedure for Issuing a Special Permit for Driving a Vehicle Carrying Heavy and (or) Oversized Cargoes on Highways”;
• Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of January 15, 2014 N 7 "On approval of the rules for ensuring the safety of transportation of passengers and goods by road and urban ground electric transport and a list of activities for the training of employees of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, carrying out transportation by road and urban ground electric transport, to safe work And Vehicle for safe operation.

The documents are quite voluminous and informative, affecting not only the topic under consideration, so we will consider them in the part related.

You should start with the rules of loading, the basic norms of which are spelled out in sufficient detail. This includes the sorting of goods by weight, namely, the heavier ones are located at the bottom to maintain the stability of the vehicle during movement, the load must be uniform, well secured. It is also prescribed not to allow gaps between the loaded products, prescribing to fill them with gaskets.

Homogeneous piece goods in the body of the vehicle must be stacked in compliance with the same number of tiers and ensuring reliable fastening of the upper tier of the stack (clause 36 of the Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of 15.01.2014).

Here we are talking about the need to attract escort vehicles, justifying this by increased danger when transporting bulky goods (paragraph 52 of the Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of 15.01.2014).

Paragraphs 53-58 of the Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of 15.01.2014 establish rules for escort and requirements for escort vehicles. As these vehicles, tractors and (or) cars of the State traffic inspectorate can be used (clauses 53-58 of the Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 of 15.01.2014).

Paragraphs 59 and 60 of the same Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 7 dated January 15, 2014 give an exhaustive list of situations and conditions under which the transportation of such goods is prohibited:

• deviate from the established special permission route;
• exceed the speed specified in the permit;
• carry out movement during ice, snowfall, as well as when meteorological visibility is less than 100 meters;
• to carry out movement on the side of the road, if such an order is not determined by the conditions of carriage;
• stop outside specially marked parking lots located outside the carriageway;
• continue transportation if technical failure vehicle that endangers traffic safety, as well as when the load is shifted or its fastening is loosened.

If during the movement circumstances arise that require a change in the route of movement, the subject of transport activity is obliged to obtain a special permit for the new route in the prescribed manner.

As denoted

In view of heightened danger for road users, these goods must be marked with the sign "Oversized cargo" (clause 23.4 of the SDA). The specified sign is installed directly on the cargo itself at the extreme protruding point.

Therefore, if the load exceeds the established norms behind the vehicle, it is installed at the rear. If front and rear - in both places, respectively. The same applies to the designation of protruding parts on the sides of the vehicle.

In addition to the sign, it may be necessary to install lights or reflectors in white and red, respectively, at the front and rear, but this requirement is appropriate when transporting at night or in conditions of limited visibility.

Sign "oversized cargo" - dimensions according to GOST

The “oversized cargo” sign, as it is often called by drivers, simply does not exist in the legal field of the Russian Federation, since this is a colloquial and simplified name for the “Oversized cargo” identification mark.

The size of the sign is defined as a square with a side of 400 mm and alternating inclined stripes of red and white, each 50 mm wide.

The above parameters are provided for by the state standard GOST R12.4.026-2001, therefore they are mandatory.

It is allowed to apply this mark directly on the cargo itself in the form of a sticker or a drawing corresponding to the specified GOST.

IMPORTANT. The sign is made of reflective materials!

This sign can be purchased or made independently. The only difficulty that arises is that the sign must be reflective.

There are two ways to solve this problem. The first is to purchase special paint, which is unlikely to be cheaper than buying a finished sign. The second is to shell out for a sign sticker and stick it on any solid base, such as a sheet of tin or a PVC panel. The main thing is to observe the dimension, do not take risks, do not make the sign smaller than it is provided by GOST.

Transport Permit

Until now, many motorists who have not encountered the problem of transporting bulky goods believe that permission should be obtained from the traffic police. Actually it is not.

There is an agreement procedure with the State traffic inspectorate and it is connected with the duty of this service to determine whether there is a need to escort the cargo and in the form of escort (carrier special vehicle or company car traffic police).

Permission for transportation is issued by a number of authorized bodies, depending on which roads the route is agreed upon: international, federal or municipal. Recently, it has also become possible to obtain the specified permission from the owner of the road, if it is in his ownership.

Authorities issuing a transport permit
Categories of roads on which the route runs	Authorized body
Federal significance or their sections, the territory of two or more subjects of the Russian Federation; international communication	Rosavtodor
Inter-municipal or regional significance or their sections, local significance, located on the territory of two or more entities (districts, districts of the municipality)	Executive body of the subject of the Russian Federation
Local significance, on the territory of two or more settlements within the boundaries of the district	Self-government body of the municipality
Local significance, within the boundaries of one settlement	Local self-government body
The local value of the county of the city	City district self-government body

To start the procedure for obtaining a special permit, it is necessary to submit an appropriate application to the authorized body (see the table above), a package of documents is attached to the application: for the car that will be involved in the transportation, for the cargo, route map. Also, the authorized body has the right to request additional documentation related to the forthcoming transportation.

The deadlines for consideration of the application are specified in administrative regulations and depending on the number of approvals and related actions (assessment of the condition of the road or the need for strengthening or reconstruction) from five to thirty days.

Obtaining a special permit is a conditionally free procedure. The authorized body is not entitled to demand payment for the issuance of a permit. But the applicant is obliged to pay a state fee in the amount of 1600 rubles (clause 111 of clause 1 of article 333.33 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (part two) of August 5, 2000 No. 117-F3, as amended by Federal Law of July 21, 2014 N 221-FZ ).

Additional charges may apply highway on the suitability for transportation of the cargo in question, as well as work to strengthen or reconstruct sections of the road and engineering structures (for example, bridges) along the planned route. As well as compensation for damage caused by transportation to the road and communications.

In what cases is such transportation prohibited?

Transportation of bulky cargo is prohibited if there is a possibility for separate transportation without depriving the cargo operational properties, it is also forbidden to transport the specified category of goods organized columns(p. 51 Order of the Ministry of Transport dated January 15, 2014 No. 7).

A ban may be issued if there is no technical feasibility for the requested carriage.

What is the penalty for violating

Responsibility for violation of the rules for the carriage of goods is provided for by two articles of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Article 12.21 - Violation of the rules for the carriage of goods. Sanction: warning or a fine of 500 rubles.

This article applies to goods that do not require special permission and liability may arise in a number of cases: the absence of the “Oversized cargo” sign, the cargo is noisy, dusty or not securely fastened, making it difficult to see.

IMPORTANT. There is no sanction for deprivation of the right to drive a vehicle, but according to Article 23.3 of the SDA, further movement is prohibited until the identified violations are eliminated, and registration of a violation does not give the right to continue the trip.

Article 12.21.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides for liability for violation of the rules for the movement of a large vehicle. And here we are already talking, namely, about goods that require special permission. In total, the article has 11 parts:

1. The movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle in excess allowable dimensions vehicle by no more than 10 centimeters without a special permit, or in excess of the dimensions specified in the special permit, by no more than 10 centimeters, or in excess allowable weight vehicle or permissible load on a vehicle axle by more than 2 but not more than 10 percent without a special permit, or exceeding the mass of the vehicle or the load on the vehicle axle specified in the special permit by more than 2 but not more than 10 percent	driver in size from one thousand to one thousand five hundred rubles; on officials ten thousand to fifteen thousand rubles; on legal entities- from one hundred thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand rubles on the owner (owner) of the vehicle in the amount of one hundred and fifty thousand rubles.
2. Movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle exceeding the permissible dimensions of the vehicle by more than 10, but not more than 20 centimeters, or exceeding the permissible mass of the vehicle or the permissible axle load of the vehicle by more than 10, but not more than 20 percent without special permission	entails the imposition administrative fine on driver in size from three thousand to four thousand rubles; on officials from twenty-five thousand to thirty thousand rubles; on legal entities — from two hundred and fifty thousand to three hundred thousand rubles, and in case of fixing an administrative offense by employees working in automatic mode special technical means, having the functions of photo and film shooting, video recording, - on the owner (owner) of the vehicle in the amount of three hundred thousand rubles.
3. The movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle exceeding the permissible dimensions of the vehicle by more than 20, but not more than 50 centimeters, or exceeding the permissible mass of the vehicle or the permissible load on the vehicle axle by more than 20, but not more than 50 percent without special permission -	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver in size from or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of two to four months; on officials responsible for transportation, thirty-five thousand to forty thousand rubles; on legal entities- from, and in case of fixing an administrative offense by special technical means operating in automatic mode, having the functions of photography and filming, video recording, -
4. Movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle exceeding the dimensions specified in a special permit by more than 10, but not more than 20 centimeters, or exceeding the mass of the vehicle or the load on the axle of the vehicle specified in the special permit by an amount more than 10 but not more than 20 percent	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver in size from three thousand to three thousand five hundred rubles; on officials responsible for transportation from twenty thousand to twenty five thousand rubles; on legal entities- from two hundred thousand to two hundred and fifty thousand rubles, and in case of fixing an administrative offense by special technical means operating in automatic mode, having the functions of photography and filming, video recording - on the owner (owner) of the vehicle in the amount of two hundred and fifty thousand rubles.
5. The movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle exceeding the dimensions specified in a special permit by more than 20, but not more than 50 centimeters, or with an excess of the mass of the vehicle or the load on the axle of the vehicle specified in the special permit by an amount more than 20 but not more than 50 percent	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver in the amount of four thousand to five thousand rubles or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of two to three months; on officials responsible for transportation, thirty thousand to forty thousand rubles; on legal persons - from three hundred thousand to four hundred thousand rubles, and in case of fixing an administrative offense by special technical means operating in automatic mode, having the functions of photography and filming, video recording - on the owner (owner) of the vehicle in the amount of four hundred thousand rubles.
6. Movement of a heavy and (or) large-sized vehicle exceeding the permissible dimensions by more than 50 centimeters without a special permit, or exceeding the dimensions specified in a special permit by more than 50 centimeters, or exceeding the permissible mass of the vehicle or the permissible load on the axle of the vehicle by more than 50 percent without a special permit, or in excess of the mass of the vehicle or the load on the axle of the vehicle specified in the special permit, by more than 50 percent	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver a vehicle in the amount of seven thousand to ten thousand rubles or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of four to six months; on official forty-five thousand to fifty thousand rubles; on legal persons - from four hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles, and in case of fixing an administrative offense by special technical means operating in automatic mode, having the functions of photography and filming, video recording - on the owner (owner) of the vehicle in the amount of five hundred thousand rubles.
7. Violation of the rules for the movement of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles, with the exception of cases provided for in parts 1-6 of this article	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on driver vehicle in size one thousand to one thousand five hundred rubles; on official those responsible for the transportation five thousand to ten thousand rubles; on legal persons - from fifty thousand to one hundred thousand rubles
8. Provision by the consignor of false information about the mass or dimensions of the cargo in the documents for the transported cargo or failure to indicate in the consignment note when transporting large-sized or heavy-weight cargoes information about the number, date or period of validity of a special permit or about the route of transportation of such cargo, if this caused a violation provided for part 1, 2 or 4 of this article	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in size from one thousand five hundred to two thousand rubles; on official persons - from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand rubles; on legal persons - from two hundred thousand to three hundred thousand rubles.
9. Provision by the consignor of false information about the mass or dimensions of the cargo in the documents for the transported cargo or failure to indicate in the consignment note when transporting large-sized or heavy-weight cargoes information about the number, date or period of validity of a special permit or about the route of transportation of such cargo, if this entailed a violation provided for part 3, 5 or 6 of this article	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens at the rate of five thousand rubles; on official persons - from twenty five thousand to thirty five thousand rubles; on legal persons - from three hundred fifty thousand to four hundred thousand rubles.
10. Exceeding the permissible weight of the vehicle and (or) the permissible load on the axle of the vehicle, or the mass of the vehicle and (or) the load on the axle of the vehicle, specified in a special permit, or the permissible dimensions of the vehicle, or the dimensions specified in a special permit , legal entities or individual entrepreneurs who loaded cargo into a vehicle	entails the imposition of an administrative fine on individual entrepreneurs in size from eighty thousand to one hundred thousand rubles; on legal persons - from two hundred fifty thousand to four hundred thousand rubles.
11. Failure to comply with the requirements prescribed by road signs prohibiting the movement of vehicles, general actual weight which or the load on the axle of which exceeds those indicated on road sign if the movement of such vehicles is carried out without special permission	entails the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of five thousand rubles.
Note. Behind administrative offenses provided for by this article, persons exercising entrepreneurial activity without education legal entity, bear administrative responsibility as legal entities.

As you can see, the types of punishments are quite tough, and parts 3.5 and 6 of Art. 12.21.1 provide for the deprivation of the right to drive the vehicle for various periods.

The classification of sizes is made according to the features listed in Table. 2.

By appointment, the dimensions are divided into executive and reference.

Executive (working) dimensions are subject to mandatory implementation according to this drawing.

Reference dimensions are indicated in order to improve the ease of use of the drawing: their presence in the drawing depends on generally accepted (but not always written) rules and on the desire of the draftsman.

Reference dimensions can be:

one of the sizes of a closed dimensional chain;

dimensions transferred from other drawings;

dimensions on the assembly drawing, which characterize the limit positions of the elements, the course of moving parts, determine the position of the mounting holes already made according to the detail drawing;

overall dimensions on the assembly drawing, transferred from the drawings of parts;

dimensions of the elements of parts, if they are elements of long products and are not processed according to this drawing, etc.

Dimensional dimensions are called dimensions that determine the limiting internal or external outlines of an object.

Installation and connecting dimensions name the dimensions of the elements of the product, according to which this product is installed at the installation site or attached to: another product.

Examples of the dimensions considered are shown in fig. 57.

Reference dimensions are distinguished among the executive ones with an asterisk (*). If there are only reference dimensions in the drawing, then asterisks are not put, but in the technical specifications they leave the entry “Dimensions for reference”.

According to the geometric feature, the dimensions are divided into linear, which determine the length of some segments, including the length, width and height of the object, diameters, rounding radii, and angular, which determine the angles between the surfaces of the elements and the angular coordinates of the position of the elements (Fig. 58).

According to the function performed, the sizes are distinguished, which determine:

the size of the product or its elements;

position of the product or its elements (coordinating dimensions).

These two groups of dimensions are always present in the detail drawing, and the same dimension can simultaneously perform both functions.

According to the time and method of execution, sizes are distinguished:

● performed during the formation of blanks;

● performed at machining blanks;

● performed during assembly, installation or installation operations.

Table 2 Size Classification

Classification- tional sign	Name of sizes	Definitions and explanations
Purpose	Executive Reference	Dimensions to be made according to this drawing Dimensions for convenience
Geometric feature	Linear	Dimensions defining length, width, height, diameter, rounding radius, arc length Dimensions that determine the angular magnitudes of elements and the angular coordinates of the position
	Determining the magnitude coordinating	The size of an object or its element Dimensions that determine the position of a product or its element
Method and execution time	Performed during the formation of the workpiece (without removing the layer of material) Performed during machining Assembly, assembly, installation	Dimensions related to cast, stamped and pressed surfaces Dimensions that remove a layer of workpiece material Dimensions performed during assembly, installation and installation work
Entry form	Complex Unspecified	The vast majority of sizes Dimensions that comprehensively determine the parameters of standard threads, corrugations, etc. in a special form of writing. Executed by default or by indirect instructions

Rice. 57. Examples of overall, installation and connecting dimensions:

29.6* min, 27.1* max - overall dimensions; 12 ± 0.5, 10 ± 0.5 - mounting dimensions;

65 ± 0.2, 8 ± 0.2, 15 ± 0.2, 30 ± 0.1 - mounting dimensions

Rice. 58. Examples of linear (a, b) and angular (e) dimensions

According to the form of recording in the drawings, the dimensions are divided into two groups:

● dimensions applied in the usual form in accordance with the type of element being determined;

● sizes that give an idea of ​​the size of an object or its element using a conditional notation (symbol) that defines a set of sizes. Some of these dimensions (for example, standard thread designations) may partially define the geometry of an object or its element.

The last dimensions will be called complex.

In table. 2 mentions unspecified sizes, i.e. the dimensions of the radii of the roundings of the inner corners and outer edges that are not shown. These dimensions should not include the dimensions of the depicted elements, the value of which is specified in technical requirements drawing with entries like " Unspecified rounding radii 2 mm», « All bevels 2 45º».

An entry like " All ribs blunt with a radius of 2 mm» also excludes the display of fillets on the edges. If the word "radius" is present in the technical requirement record, then the radius sign is not placed before the dimension number.

In this subsection, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the following ESKD standards: GOST 2.307 - 68 "Dimensioning and limit deviations", GOST 2.109-73 "Basic requirements for drawings", GOST 2.318 - 81 "Rules for simplified application of hole sizes".