Road transport value advantages disadvantages. Advantages and disadvantages of road transport

19.07.2019

Miscellaneous

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ROAD CARGO TRANSPORTATION

Dengub Alexandra Ruslanovna
Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service
Student of the Department of Transport Processes and Technology

annotation
Transport in modern world very developed and in demand. Today, almost every organization needs to transport goods, materials or equipment. The cargo itself and the distance over which it is transported presupposes certain conditions of the transportation process. Conditions for the movement of goods are created when choosing the mode of transport on which the goods are transported. When choosing a mode of transport for transportation, it is important to know the advantages and disadvantages of this mode in order to choose the most optimal mode of transport.

THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CAR TRANSPORTATION

Dengub Alexandra Ruslanovna
Vladivostok State University Economics and Service
student of the department of transport processes and technology

Abstract
Transport in the modern world is very developed and demand. Today almost every organization needs in the transport of goods, materials or equipment. self load and the distance to which it is transported requires certain conditions of the transportation process. The conditions for moving goods pose when choosing a mode of transport on which the goods are transported. When choosing a mode of transport for the transport of important to know the advantages and disadvantages of this type in order to choose the best mode of transport.

Transport system of the country occupies a special position, as it is a system for providing, exchanging, merchandising, transporting goods, and allows developing new territories. As an industry, transport does not produce products and has its own set of features. In turn, transport is not a manufacturer of products, does not indicate that it does not have productivity. The production of transport consists in the transportation itself, that is, the transport generates the transportation and produces the service. It affects the increase in the cost of goods, due to the transport costs generated in the process of transportation. At the same time, it speeds up the process of exchanging goods and goods.

Transportation of goods is the process of moving goods from the point of origin to the point of destination using transport. In the modern world, cargo transportation has become not only an opportunity, but has acquired the character of a need. Every year the demand for movement and exchange increases. The functioning of almost every organization, state, commercial or other form, requires access to orders for materials, means that ensure work and production, as well as the transfer, for example, of finished products to the point of sale. With the help of movement, you can connect remote points to each other and establish links between organizations. Freight transport implements accelerated process the work of the entire population, reducing the time for waiting at right choice mode of transportation, in which quality organization and competent planning are of great importance. Thus, cargo transportation creates a complex process that combines a system of interconnections.

Active territorial development, referring to itself a large number of various settlements and cities expresses the most mobile way movement, transportation, which includes movement for short and long distance. The method of such transportation requires transport that is affordable, with high maneuverability and good prospects for use; road transport has such parameters.

An important advantage of each road freight transportation is door-to-door delivery. The basis for the development of the exchange of goods and cargo is the possibility of “just in time” delivery. Thanks to road transport, two important aspects can be combined and successfully applied in practice. This can be evidenced by the presence on the market of many transport and logistics companies that exist in a highly competitive environment. Despite such strong competition, the activities of organizations contribute to the successful development of the logistics network, and every year the emergence of new companies on the market reinforce the success and efficiency of activities. transport companies conditioned by the need for transportation of goods.

Road freight transportation is one of the most popular types of transportation between settlements distant from each other at a short distance, and occupy a large part of all transportation in the country (Figure 1).

Figure 1 – “Share of road transport”

Transportation of goods by road transport is very mobile. At short distances, the type of this transportation has high speed delivery.

Possibility to carry out groupage cargo. Such transportation involves the movement of several goods of different customers. It is promising to use groupage when all destinations are nearby or along the way. When transporting groupage cargo, the cost of transportation is reduced.

Road transportation is very convenient when servicing several points at once in one flight, due to the ability to unload and pick up cargo in a short period of time. It has the advantage of high safety of the transported cargo. Trucking has the advantage of delivering goods:

to the places of loading and unloading operations;

to the place of storage.

Moving cargo by road transport reduces the cost of packaging materials, does not require expensive packaging. The range of goods transported by road expands the possibilities of use, increasing the productivity of this type of transportation.

The automobile mode of transport is used to transport goods between cities and regions. For long distances car view transport is used only when the geographical location of the settlement is complicated, if it is not possible to use another mode of transport. Like many other ways of transporting goods, it depends on weather conditions, as a rule, difficulties or delays in flights occur in winter period time. When weather conditions worsen, many vehicles interrupt transportation, or transportation is not planned at all on that day. Weather conditions can cause damage to the company that owns the car, in the event of a skid or a traffic accident, damage the health of the driver, as well as damage the cargo being transported. TO weather conditions can be attributed natural disasters, earthquakes, storms. Road conditions affect the speed of cargo delivery.

The organization of the transportation process in road transport can be influenced by factors of the internal environment related to the organization of the work of employees. The disadvantage and common mistake of road transport of goods is the neglect of safety precautions when loading and unloading goods. At this stage of transportation, there are frequent cases of damage to the cargo itself.

Consider a situation in which one company performs transportation, and another company provides cargo storage services on its own warehouse. For the entire route from the seller to the buyer, the cargo underwent the operation of loading the goods, moving and unloading the goods. All parties complied with safety regulations and rules. This was evidenced by documents confirming the good condition of the cargo. The cargo would be ordinary and would not have special requirements for transportation provided for by its category. After the cargo has arrived at the place of storage, an operation is carried out to move it to temporary storage. Then the cargo goes through the operation of loading onto the vehicle and the car transports the goods to the end point. However, subject to all the rules of transportation, the cargo arrived at its final destination damaged. In this situation, the customer experiences inconvenience and dissatisfaction with the quality of transportation.

The question arises: - "Why, subject to all the rules, the cargo was damaged?". If we consider the whole process of this situation, we can see that there were several operations for loading and unloading goods. During the execution of loading and unloading operations, the transfer takes place transport documents, as well as the transfer of responsibility for the safety of goods from the carrier to the company providing the warehouse. Then the same operation takes place in the opposite direction. Since the process of this transportation contains several loading and unloading operations, it is very difficult to determine at what stage the cargo has been damaged. Documents confirm that the cargo was not damaged at any stage. This means the irresponsibility of the parties, as well as an inattentive attitude to compliance with all the rules and regulations of the transportation process, as well as their violation.

One of the shortcomings of road transport is the condition of the roads (Figure 2), on which hundreds and thousands of trucks pass every day.

Figure 2 – “Road condition”

The state of the country's road network slows down the speed of delivery of goods. Increases the likelihood of creating unforeseen circumstances: traffic accidents, car breakdown, decrease in car speed by difficult areas, in areas associated with road repair. Also, in the event of circumstances related to the repair of the road, the route may change. vehicle, increasing the time spent on shipping.

On the route of the car in the event of an accident or other adverse conditions, there may be a breakdown of the vehicle, which delays the cargo, increasing the time of transportation. Compared to other modes of transport, cars are more likely to break down and then carry out repairs on the way. This is due to the difference in the operation of modes of transport and big amount participants traffic which may also affect shipping.

The advantages and disadvantages of any type of transport allow us to evaluate all the capabilities of the vehicle, the possibility of using the route that transportation requires. Allows you to combine multimodal transportation, assess the availability of the location of the point of arrival of the cargo. The choice of the mode of transport is carried out by comparing the advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages road transport combine low transportation costs, availability, the ability to choose from a variety of companies, the choice of the one that is closest to the task of transporting the goods required by the customer. Mobility, maneuverability of the vehicle gives advantages in the movement of goods in the city network, in the region or region, between cities and towns. Road transportation is in demand when the points are remote from the possibility of using another mode of transport, sometimes it is the only mode of transport that can deliver the goods. Transportation by car can be used over long distances, for example, within the country. Road transportation can be either “primary” or “auxiliary”. "Main" involves the transportation of goods from the point of departure to the destination, "auxiliary" the transportation of goods from the place of unloading to the place of loading or from the place of unloading to the place of storage of goods.

Disadvantages are a very important feature when choosing a mode of transport. The cons of each mode of transport describe the unfavorable aspects, what should be avoided, or vice versa, pay attention. Disadvantages of road transport describe the possible risks that the transport parties may face. Increased attention to shortcomings will warn against their occurrence, or indicate additional measures that should be organized and included in the transportation process. When comparing the disadvantages between several modes of transport, it is possible to identify and choose the transportation that contains fewer disadvantages and more advantages.

When comparing the disadvantages and advantages of road transport of goods, there are more advantages than disadvantages. But this will not always become the basis for choosing a mode of transport, because under certain conditions, one drawback can change the choice in a completely different direction, most often, when choosing road transportation, such a situation becomes a change in weather conditions.

Solomakhin Yu.V. General course of transport / course of lectures / VSUES. 2014.

Technology, organization and management road transport: compilation scientific papers / federal agency by education, Siberian state. road acad. (SibADI). Omsk, 2009. Volume No. 2

Transport system of Russia. URL: http://uchebnik-online.com/128/765.html (Accessed 05/29/2015).

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There is no doubt that road transport has firmly entered the life of mankind. At the same time, the scope of its application is truly limitless. Despite the fact that the first car was invented more than 120 years ago, today it is difficult to imagine a life or commercial activity without the use of road transport. However, the ownership and use of any type of transport implies the presence of associated costs. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly understand all the pros and cons of its ownership.

Pros and cons of owning a car

The most common type of road transport that motorists prefer to purchase is cars.

pros

Maneuverability- the small size of the car allows you to feel comfortable in the city stream.
Comfort- the owner himself chooses when and where to go.
Wide scope of application- with the help of a car it is possible to transport oversized cargo;
Speed – modern cars, even with a small engine size, show good dynamics when driving.

Minuses

Cost price- if we are talking about acquiring a new car, then you need to be ready to pay a considerable amount not only for the car, but also incur certain costs for its registration and registration;
Content- this is not so much a minus as a concomitant need. Any technique requires some care. If we talk about a passenger car, then you need to be ready to undergo periodic maintenance, spend money on refueling, and also purchase seasonal tires for wheels and other consumables;
Environmental pollution– engines internal combustion during operation, carbon monoxide is released, which adversely affects environment, and at high concentrations in the air is dangerous to humans.

Thus, we can conclude that the advantages of owning a car are much greater than the disadvantages. Buy a car expensive pleasure, however, it is fully justified. With the help of a car, a car enthusiast opens up a lot of new opportunities for movement, but do not forget about proper care and maintenance, otherwise the car will become an exorbitant burden on the owner’s budget.

Pros and cons of owning a truck

Since the launch of the service freight traffic question about the transportation of oversized and oversized items gone into oblivion. Now I work with entire companies with their huge fleets, carrying out daily transportation.

pros

Large load capacity- freight road transport, depending on the modification, is able to transport a huge amount of cargo in one trip.
commercial activity– owners freight transport can benefit from it. For example, you can cooperate with your car on a contractual basis with a company that will provide transportation orders, or engage in individual entrepreneurship and work “for yourself”.
Scope of application- it is possible to carry out transportation various types and types of cargo regardless of distance.

Minuses

Price- trucks cost a lot, and to buy your own truck you have to pay a lot.
Service– problems with the search and purchase of spare parts for trucks no, but the price will force you to sort out more than one option in search of the best.
Dimensions- the large size of transport will force you to carefully build a route of movement, taking into account the characteristics of the terrain and the requirements of traffic rules in the city.

Pros and cons of owning a bus

The bus belongs to the category automotive technology whose main task is to transport passengers. Unlike passenger transport, buses are not purchased for personal purposes and are almost always used in business activities.

pros

Large capacity- modern mini buses can accommodate from 6 people, large bus liners can accommodate up to 100 people.
Excellent maneuverability and dynamics- despite their size, the buses have good steering characteristics and speed performance.
Convenience– well-equipped interiors of buses allow passengers to be transported over long distances without stopping for the night or rest.
Income– if it is possible to start an individual activity in the field of transportation, then this great way make good money. Bus transportation have always been a popular way to travel not only around the city, but also between different settlements.

Minuses

Price– price for well-equipped buses increased capacity very high.
Operating costs- the main vocation of such equipment is constant transportation. Constant movement inevitably leads to salt wear. With this in mind, you need to be prepared to bear certain costs for the maintenance of bus equipment.
Other expenses– transportation services can be quite profitable, but we should not forget about additional costs for permits.

Summing up, we can come to a consensus that road transport, in any of its manifestations, greatly simplifies the daily life of a person, but the price of such a blessing can reach quite significant sizes. Just buying a car is not enough, you need to be financially prepared to maintain it.

Today, road transport is one of the most common and popular ways of transporting goods. It is actively used in all countries and on all continents and transports more than 80 percent of the mass of world cargo.

In Russia, road transport also stably holds the position of the main carrier, taking on about 70 percent of the domestic cargo in terms of tonnage.

Why is it so attractive to the market? transport services? In fact, road transport is full of advantages that distinguish it favorably from rail, sea, and aviation.

Benefits of road transport

Firstly, road transport is the only one that allows for the delivery of cargo "from door to door".

Ships go from port to port, the plane does not land exactly near the warehouse, and railways, leading directly to the factory area, only exceptional enterprises can afford. Even if the main part of the way the cargo travels by train or sails by sea, you still can’t do without a car: only it can deliver the goods for shipment to the port, airport or railway station and from there to the buyer’s warehouse.

By the way, that is why the share of road transport in the structure of cargo transportation is so high. In any case, at least as an intermediary, he participates in the transportation process.

And if the distance that the cargo needs to overcome is relatively small and the route passes overland, then the car is the most suitable option. After all, due to the fact that the need for intermediate unloading and loading from one vehicle to another disappears, the goods have a much better chance of getting safe and sound from the door of the seller's warehouse straight "to the hands" of the buyer.

Secondly, the car has greater mobility and maneuverability. He does not need, like the same train, to move along a strictly marked track, from which he does not have the opportunity to turn off.

The car is able to flexibly respond to changing circumstances (shorten the path, bypass the “traffic jam” and other difficult sections of the road, pick up the “partial load” ...), which has a positive effect on the speed of delivery.

Thirdly, road transport creates conditions for maintaining the rhythm of the transportation of goods. There is no need to wait until the amount of cargo is accumulated, sufficient to fill, for example, the entire volume of a standard 20-ton truck - smaller consignments of goods can be transported both on a vehicle of a suitable carrying capacity, and as part of groupage cargo.

In the same way, by the way, there is no need to wait for the moment when, for example, the whole train: one car that meets all the needs of the customer and obeys his wishes - and less unwanted delays.

Fourthly, road freight transportation ensures the urgency of delivery in cases where it was not planned, and the goods should have arrived at the buyer's warehouse “yesterday ago”. After all, in order to use the services of rail or sea transport (air transport is generally very expensive), a few weeks before departure, you need to “reserve” a “cargo space” for yourself and settle all the formalities. A suitable car, though difficult, but possible to find in a matter of hours.

Sixth, there is no fixed-tariff monopolist in the road freight market. Affordable cost truck (compared to other vehicles) brings many players to the market, competition between which provides a flexible system of rates.

However, at the same time, road transport also has significant drawbacks.

Road freight transportation is optimal for short routes and unprofitable for long distances: they are much more expensive than rail or water transport services.
Although road transport allows you to transport whole oversized and heavy loads, for "piece" goods the limit is limited by the capabilities of the truck: standard truck"lifts" a weight of 20 tons, maximum load capacity, at 44 tons, gives a road train. Large consignments of goods will have to be packed into several trucks, which is extremely inconvenient and, again, affects the cost of transportation.
Road transport depends on road and climatic conditions: snowdrifts, ice, spring and autumn mudslides either significantly slow down or completely stop the transportation process. This means that they increase (or even disrupt) delivery times.
Accidents on the roads, unfortunately, have not yet been won, therefore, when transporting goods by road, there is always a risk of damage or loss of goods. In addition, cases of cargo theft are not uncommon (especially when transporting over long distances).

So, when is the best time to use road transport to transport goods?

The choice of transportation method depends on many factors and circumstances, and therefore it is difficult to say with certainty which type of transport to use in what situation. However, if the delivery route passes overland and involves a relatively short distance, the cargo belongs to the so-called. "standard" (building and finishing materials, furniture, household and office equipment, cosmetics, food ...) and the entire batch of goods can fit on one motor vehicle, That the best choice for the transport of goods will be just a car.

The large role of road transport in the country's transport market is due to its specific features and advantages over other modes of transport, which are as follows: high maneuverability and mobility, allowing you to quickly concentrate vehicles in the required quantity and in right place; ability to provide "door-to-door" delivery without additional transfers and transfers along the route; high speed of delivery and ensuring the safety of goods, especially when transporting over short distances; wide scope for types of cargo, communication systems and transportation distances; the need for less capital investment in the construction of roads with small flows of goods and passengers (with large flows they approach the cost of railway construction).

The most efficient use of road transport is short-range transportation. The average transportation distance for 1 ton of cargo is 20-24 km. In this regard, the share of road transport in the total freight turnover is about 6%.

Road transport provides mainly intra-regional transportation of goods and passengers, carries out centralized transportation from railway stations and ports and vice versa. Motor transport is especially widely used in the mining industry, construction, agriculture and trade.

Forecasts show that this type of transport in Russia can expand its share in the transport services market, especially in connection with the inevitable development of road construction in the country and further improvement and increase in the rolling stock fleet.

Advantages of road transport over other modes of transport and its disadvantages:

maneuverability and great mobility, mobility;

delivery of goods or passengers "from door to door" without additional transshipments or transfers along the route;

autonomy of the vehicle;

high delivery speed;

wide scope of application on a territorial basis, types of cargo and communication systems;

a shorter route compared to natural water transport routes.

Greater mobility, ease of movement and the ability to quickly respond to changes in passenger demand allow vehicles to often be out of competition when passenger traffic on local lines. The average travel distance per passenger is 9 km. Buses carry more than 60% of passengers in many cities of Russia, and in some of them in countryside - 100 %.

Relative disadvantages of road transport:

high cost; (tens of times higher than on rail, water and other modes of transport);

high fuel and energy consumption, metal consumption;

poor performance rolling stock units (130-150 thousand t-km per year);

the greatest labor intensity (at least one driver is required per vehicle); (3/4 of all those working in transport are employed in motor transport)

pollutes the environment.

low level labor productivity due to the low average load capacity of vehicles;

Rolling stock of road transport used for the transport of goods and passengers.

The rolling stock of road transport includes cars various modifications, semi-trailers and trailers. A tractor with a trailer or semi-trailer is called a road train. Cars can be divided into trucks, passenger and special. Freight rolling stock includes universal onboard all brands and refrigerators specialized by type of cargo, tankers, vans, panel carriers, timber carriers, etc. Passenger rolling stock includes buses and cars. Separately allocate cargo-passenger vehicles, usually created on the basis of cars, but intended for the transport of both passengers and small consignments of goods.

Special rolling stock includes transport vehicles adapted to perform various technical functions - truck cranes, mobile power plants and compressors, fire, sanitary, utility. Sports cars are classified as a separate subgroup.

Cars are also distinguished by the type of engine (internal combustion, carburetor, diesel, gas-cylinder, gas turbine, electric), by carrying capacity (especially small, small, medium, large and extra large), capacity (buses and cars), maximum design speed, the number of driving wheels (two-axle, three-axle, etc., front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive), maximum load on the road from the axles of the vehicle, the overall length, width and height of the vehicle and road train. Tractors are divided into saddle and towing. There are also off-road vehicles (quarry, logging, as well as off-road vehicles).

The main tasks for the development of road transport in Russia are: improving the design and specifications vehicles and their engines in terms of efficiency, environmental friendliness, the best design and manageability; rationalization of the structure of the vehicle fleet, increase in the production of specialized vehicles and various carrying capacities; improvement of the diagnostic system, Maintenance and car repair; improving the organization and safety of traffic in the "car-driver-road" system; significant expansion of road construction and quality improvement highways.

As you know, one of the "eternal" problems of Russia are roads. Their deficiency and low quality available significantly hinder not only the development of road transport, but also, to a certain extent, socio-economic progress in the country.

Roads common use make up only 578.0 thousand km, including 520.0 thousand km with hard surface. Consequently, there are 45 km of paved roads (or 27 km of public roads) per 1000 km2 of the territory of our country. The significant lag in road development compared to other countries must be overcome in the future. According to experts, the required minimum length of roads in Russia is 1.5-2 million km.

For the effective use of road transport in Russia, a significant increase in roads of the 1st and 2nd categories, the so-called autobahns with the appropriate equipment: car refueling and maintenance stations, dumping sites, road hotels, special parking lots, intersections in different levels, lighting, road signs and so on.

The imperfect quality of roads increases the cost of transportation by 30-50%, fuel consumption increases by 1.5 times, the cost of operating a car increases by 2-3 times, and the service life decreases by 30%. In accordance with state program for the development, reconstruction and maintenance of federal highways Russian Federation reconstruction, expansion and new construction of such major highways as Moscow-Minsk-Brest, Moscow-St. Petersburg-state border, ring roads around Moscow and St. Petersburg, autobahns Moscow-Kursk-Belgorod, Omsk-Novosibirsk, Ufa-Chelyabinsk and others. Large new bridges are being built across the Volga, Ob, Amur and other rivers to unload existing crossings over these natural obstacles. It should be emphasized that, as calculations show, for 1 ruble invested in the construction and maintenance of roads, the user can receive more than 3 rubles. net profit, not counting the extra-transport effect. Tolls have been introduced on some roads, as is the practice in some countries.

The market of transport services is dominated by transportation quality problem cargo and passengers, which can be solved by increasing the share of specialized rolling stock. This problem is acute for any type of transport and is related to the essence, the role of transport in the life of society. Speeds tend to increase, but their increase is ambiguous with the issue of capital investment, fuel consumption and operating costs. Modern cars reach speeds of 250 km/h, and trucks - 120 km/h. To achieve such speeds, special operating conditions are required, which are hindered by high traffic density, imperfect road geometry and pavement, intersection with pedestrian traffic. The choice of rational speeds depends on the load, type of vehicle, road category, weather conditions, driver's professionalism, i.e., it is a complex and complex task.

The problem of the regularity of transportation in market conditions: since the release of products (or the formation of passenger traffic) is cyclical, therefore, its export should be appropriate. In addition, the value of goods in the process of warehousing and transportation is classified as "dead capital", and most of the travel of passengers in cities is associated with the labor process and the increase in the distance of transportation. Therefore, the problem of regularity is currently being considered in a new aspect - in terms of creating a continuous system for transporting goods and passengers. according to the principles of the logistics system, the main condition of which is the timely satisfaction of the need (demand) for the transport service.

In market conditions, the scope of the use of road transport is expanding. Foreign experience speaks of the efficiency of road transport when transporting over a distance of 300-400 km or more due to the use of cars heavy duty (in the USA, the average carrying capacity of a car in intercity transportation is 19 tons, in France - 13 tons, in Germany - 15 tons, in Russia - 9 tons).

It was determined that at a distance of up to 200 km by road it is possible to deliver cargo 12 times faster than by rail-road mixed traffic and 5 times faster than by direct rail; at a distance of up to 500 km - faster, respectively, 7 and 3 times. However, as the range increases, this advantage is lost.

Heavy-duty containers (10, 20 and 30 tons) can be effectively transported by road over a distance of up to 500 km. Currency efficiency extends over long distances, which allows, for example, Iran to transport its goods to Europe through Russia at a distance of 3,000 km.

In road transport, the problem of organization and traffic safety is very acute, which should be considered in the system "car-driver-road-environment" (A-B-D-C). Perfection car is coming along the line active safety in order to prevent traffic accidents (use of adjustable brakes, diaphragming non-dazzling headlights, special devices on-board control of the driving mode, more reliable tires, etc.) and passive safety to reduce the consequences of accidents (hardening of the body, safety glass, seat belts, devices to prevent fuel leakage, etc.). A global challenge in solving the problem of traffic safety should be considered the creation of a new transport system with the isolation of pedestrians from vehicles (layout of the road at different levels, the construction of alternative passages, pedestrian tunnels that increase the speed traffic flow by 30-40%, removal of traffic in certain parts of the city, etc.).

annotation

Transport in the modern world is very developed and in demand. Today, almost every organization needs to transport goods, materials or equipment. The cargo itself and the distance over which it is transported presupposes certain conditions of the transportation process. Conditions for the movement of goods are created when choosing the mode of transport on which the goods are transported. When choosing a mode of transport for transportation, it is important to know the advantages and disadvantages of this mode in order to choose the most optimal mode of transport.

Keywords: road transportation, road transport, cargo, cargo transportation, transportation, movement, transport.

The country's transport system occupies a special position, as it is a system for providing, exchanging, merchandising, transporting goods, and allows developing new territories. As an industry, transport does not produce products and has its own set of features. In turn, transport is not a manufacturer of products, does not indicate that it does not have productivity. The production of transport consists in the transportation itself, that is, the transport generates the transportation and produces the service. It affects the increase in the cost of goods, due to the transport costs generated in the process of transportation. At the same time, it speeds up the process of exchanging goods and goods.

Transportation of goods is the process of moving goods from the point of origin to the point of destination using transport. In the modern world, cargo transportation has become not only an opportunity, but has acquired the character of a need. Every year the demand for movement and exchange increases. The functioning of almost every organization, state, commercial or other form, requires access to orders for materials, means that ensure work and production, as well as the transfer, for example, of finished products to the point of sale. With the help of movement, you can connect remote points to each other and establish links between organizations. Transportation of goods implements an accelerated process of work of the entire population, reducing the waiting time with the right choice of transportation method, in which high-quality organization and competent planning are of great importance. Thus, cargo transportation creates a complex process that combines a system of interconnections.

Active territorial development, which includes a large number of different settlements and cities, expresses the most mobile way of movement, transportation, which includes movement over short and long distances. The method of such transportation requires transport that is affordable, with high maneuverability and good prospects for use; road transport has such parameters.

An important advantage of each road freight transportation is door-to-door delivery. The basis for the development of the exchange of goods and cargo is the possibility of “just in time” delivery. Thanks to road transport, two important aspects can be combined and successfully applied in practice. This can be evidenced by the presence on the market of many transport and logistics companies that exist in a highly competitive environment. Despite such strong competition, the activities of organizations contribute to the successful development of the logistics network, and every year the emergence of new companies on the market reinforces the success and efficiency of transport enterprises, due to the need for transportation of goods.

Road freight transportation is one of the most popular types of transportation between settlements remote from each other at a short distance, and takes up the majority of all transportation in the country (Figure 1).

Figure 1 - “Share of road transport”

Transportation of goods by road transport is very mobile. At short distances, this type of transportation has a high speed of delivery.

1. to places of loading and unloading operations;
2. to the place of cargo storage.

The automobile mode of transport is used to transport goods between cities and regions. For long distances, the automobile mode of transport is used only when the geographical location of the settlement is complicated, if it is not possible to use another mode of transport. Like many other ways of transporting goods, it depends on weather conditions, as a rule, difficulties or delays in flights occur during the winter period. When weather conditions worsen, many vehicles interrupt transportation, or transportation is not planned at all on that day. Weather conditions can cause damage to the company that owns the car, in the event of a skid or a traffic accident, damage the health of the driver, as well as damage the cargo being transported. Weather conditions include natural disasters, earthquakes, storms. Road conditions affect the speed of cargo delivery. cargo transport transportation

Consider a situation in which one company performs transportation, and another company provides cargo storage services at its warehouse. For the entire route from the seller to the buyer, the cargo underwent the operation of loading the goods, moving and unloading the goods. All parties complied with safety regulations and rules. This was evidenced by documents confirming the good condition of the cargo. The cargo would be ordinary and would not have special requirements for transportation provided for by its category. After the cargo has arrived at the place of storage, an operation is carried out to move it to temporary storage. Then the cargo goes through the operation of loading onto the vehicle and the car transports the goods to the end point. However, subject to all the rules of transportation, the cargo arrived at its final destination damaged. In this situation, the customer experiences inconvenience and dissatisfaction with the quality of transportation.

The question arises: - “Why, subject to all the rules, the cargo was damaged?”. If we consider the whole process of this situation, we can see that there were several operations for loading and unloading goods. When performing loading and unloading operations, transport documents are transferred, as well as the transfer of responsibility for the safety of goods from the carrier to the company providing the warehouse. Then the same operation takes place in the opposite direction. Since the process of this transportation contains several loading and unloading operations, it is very difficult to determine at what stage the cargo has been damaged. Documents confirm that the cargo was not damaged at any stage. This means the irresponsibility of the parties, as well as an inattentive attitude to compliance with all the rules and regulations of the transportation process, as well as their violation.

One of the disadvantages of road transport is the condition of the roads, on which hundreds and thousands of trucks pass every day.

The state of the country's road network slows down the speed of delivery of goods. Increases the likelihood of creating unforeseen circumstances: traffic accidents, car breakdown, vehicle speed reduction in difficult areas, in areas related to road repair. Also, in the event of circumstances related to the repair of the road, the route of the vehicle may change, increasing the time spent on cargo transportation.

On the route of the car in the event of an accident or other adverse conditions, a vehicle breakdown may occur, which delays the cargo, increasing the transportation time. Compared to other modes of transport, cars are more likely to break down and then carry out repairs on the way. This is due to the difference in the operation of modes of transport and the large number of road users, which can also affect transportation.

The advantages of road transport combine low transportation costs, availability, the ability to choose from a variety of companies, choosing the one that is closest to the task of transporting the goods required by the customer. Mobility, maneuverability of the vehicle gives advantages in the movement of goods in the city network, in the region or region, between cities and towns. Road transportation is in demand when the points are remote from the possibility of using another mode of transport, sometimes it is the only mode of transport that can deliver the goods. Transportation by car can be used over long distances, for example, within the country. Road transportation can be either “primary” or “auxiliary”. "Main" involves the transportation of goods from the point of departure to the destination, "auxiliary" the transportation of goods from the place of unloading to the place of loading or from the place of unloading to the place of storage of goods.

Advantages and disadvantages characterize the type of transportation. Comparison achieves a choice, an opportunity becomes a preliminary assessment of the results of road transport, the ability to capture and use all the advantages and combine with each other with disadvantages, preventing the occurrence of risks.

Bibliographic list

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