BMW AG is a manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, engines and bicycles headquartered in Munich, Germany. The company owns the Mini and Rolls-Royce brands. It is one of the top three German manufacturers of premium cars, which are leaders in terms of sales worldwide.
In 1913, two small aircraft engine companies were founded in Munich by Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto. After the outbreak of the First World War, the need for their products increased dramatically, and the owners of the two companies decided to merge. So in 1917, a company called Bayerische MotorenWerke (“Bavarian Motor Works”) appeared.
After the end of the war, the production of aircraft engines in Germany was banned under the Treaty of Versailles. Then the owners of the company changed their profile to the production of motorcycle engines, and later motorcycles. However, despite the high quality of products, the company's business was not going well.
In the early 1920s, businessmen Gothaer and Shapiro bought BMW. In 1928 they acquire the car factory in Eisenach and with it the right to produce Dixi cars, which were converted British Austin 7s.
The subcompact Dixi was quite progressive for its time: it was equipped with a four-cylinder engine, an electric starter and brakes on all four wheels. The machine immediately became popular in Europe, with 15,000 Dixi produced in 1928 alone. In 1929, the model was renamed the BMW 3/15 DA-2.
BMW Dixi (1928-1931)
During the years of the Great Depression, the Bavarian automaker survived by producing a licensed small car. However, it soon became clear that a world-famous aircraft engine manufacturer could not be satisfied with the release british car. Then BMW engineers started working on their own car.
The first BMW model own development was 303. She immediately got a strong start in the market thanks to a six-cylinder engine with a volume of 1.2 liters and a power of 30 hp. With a weight of only 820 kg, the car had excellent dynamic characteristics for that time. At the same time, the first outlines of the design of the characteristic radiator grille of the brand in the form of elongated ovals appeared.
The platform of this car was then used to produce models 309, 315, 319 and 329.
BMW 303 (1933-1934)
In 1936, the impressive sports car BMW 328 appears. Among the innovative engineering developments in this model were an aluminum chassis, a tubular frame and a hemispherical engine combustion chamber, which ensured more durable and productive pistons and valves.
This car is considered the first in today's popular CSL line. In 1999, he entered the top 25 finalists of the international competition "Car of the Century". 132 automotive journalists from all over the world voted.
The BMW 328 has won many sporting competitions, including the Mille Miglia (1928), RAC Rally (1939), Le Mans 24 (1939).
BMW 328 (1936-1940)
In 1937, the BMW 327 appears, notable for the fact that it was produced intermittently until 1955, including in the zone of Soviet occupation. It was presented in coupe and convertible bodies. Initially, a 55-horsepower engine was installed on cars, later an 80-horsepower power unit was optionally offered.
The model received a shortened frame from the BMW 326. The brakes were equipped with a hydraulic drive to all wheels. The metal surfaces of the body were attached to a wooden frame. Convertible doors opened forward, coupe - back. To achieve the desired angle of inclination, the front and rear glass made from two parts.
Behind the front axle was a six-cylinder in-line engine from a 328 model with two Solex carburetors and a double chain drive from a BMW 326. The car accelerated to 125 km / h. Its price ranged from 7,450 to 8,100 marks.
BMW 327 (1937-1955)
During the Second World War, the company did not produce cars, but focused on the production of aircraft engines. In the post-war years, most of the enterprises were destroyed, some fell into the zone of occupation of the USSR, where cars continued to be produced from existing components.
The remaining factories, according to the plan of the Americans, were subject to demolition. However, the company began producing bicycles, household goods and light motorcycles, which helped to maintain production capacity.
The first post-war car begins to be produced in autumn 1952. Work on its design began before the war. It was a model 501 with a 2-liter in-line six-cylinder engine with 65 hp. The maximum speed of the car was 135 km / h. According to this indicator, the car was inferior to its rivals from Mercedes-Benz.
Nevertheless, he gave the automotive world some innovations, including curved glass, as well as lightweight parts made of light alloys. The model did not bring the company a good profit at home and was sold poorly abroad. The company was slowly approaching the financial abyss.
BMW 501 (1952-1958)
The Bavarian automaker decided to focus on the production of mass auto. The first of these was the Isetta model with an interesting appearance. It was an especially small class car with a door that opened in front of the body. It was a very cheap car, ideal for fast travel over short distances. In some countries, it could only be driven with a motorcycle license.
The car was equipped with a single-cylinder engine with a volume of 0.3 liters and a power of 13 hp. Power point allowed her to accelerate to 80 km / h. For those who like to travel, a small trailer for one and a half berths was offered. In addition, there was a cargo version of the model with a small trunk, which was used by the police. Until the early 1960s, about 160,000 units of the car were produced. It was he who helped the company survive during a period of financial difficulties.
BMW Isetta (1955-1962)
In 1955, the BMW 503 debuted at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The rejection of the central pillar made the car body especially stylish, a 140-horsepower V8 was located under the hood, and a top speed of 190 km / h finally made you fall in love with it. True, the price of DM 29,500 made the model inaccessible to the mass buyer: only 412 units of the BMW 503 were produced in total.
A year later, the stunning 507 Roadster appears, designed by Count Albrecht Hertz. The car was equipped with a 3.2-liter V8 engine, which developed 150 hp. The model accelerated to 220 km / h. She is also known for the fact that out of 252 copies produced, one was bought by Elvis Presley, who served in Germany.
BMW 507 (1956-1959)
By 1959, BMW was again on the verge of bankruptcy. Luxury sedans did not bring in enough cash injections, and neither did motorcycles. Buyers recovering from the war no longer wanted to hear about Isetta, and the financial situation was so deplorable that on December 9, at a shareholders' meeting, the question arose of selling the company to competitor Daimler-Benz. The last hope was the release of the BMW 700 with the body of the Italian company Michelotti. It was equipped with a small two-cylinder engine of 700 cc. cm and a power of 30 hp. Such a motor accelerated a small car up to 125 km / h. BMW 700 was accepted by the public with a bang. For the entire time of manufacture, 188,221 copies of the model were sold.
Already in 1961, the company was able to use the proceeds from the sale of "700" to develop a new model - BMW New Class 1500. However, the most important thing was that the car made it possible to avoid an unfriendly merger with a competitor and helped BMW to stay afloat.
BMW 700 (1959-1965)
At the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1961, a novelty was shown, which finally secured its future for the brand. high status in the auto world. It was the 1500. In design, it featured the recognizable "Hofmeister kink" on the rear roof pillar, an aggressive front end, and distinctive grille "nostrils".
The BMW 1500 was equipped with a 1.5-liter engine with a capacity of 75 to 80 hp. From the start to 100 km / h, the car accelerated in 16.8 seconds, and its maximum speed was 150 km / h. The demand for the model was so overwhelming that the Bavarian automaker opened new factories to meet it.
BMW 1500 (1962-1964)
In the same 1962, the BMW 3200 CS was released, the body of which was developed by Bertone. Since then, almost all BMW two-doors have had the letter C in their name.
Three years later, a coupe appears for the first time with automatic transmission. It was a BMW 2000 CS, and in 1968 the 2800 CS breaks the 200 km/h mark. Equipped with a 170-horsepower in-line “six”, the car managed to accelerate to 206 km / h.
In the 70s, 3-series, 5-series, 6-series, 7-series cars appear. With the release of the 5-series, the brand has ceased to focus only on a niche sports cars mobile and began to develop the direction of comfortable sedans.
In 1972 appears legendary BMW 3.0 CSL, which can be considered the first project of the M division. Initially, the car was produced with a six-cylinder in-line engine with two carburetors with a capacity of 180 hp. and a volume of 3 liters. With a car weighing 1,165 kg, it accelerated to “hundreds” in 7.4 seconds. The weight of the model was reduced through the use of aluminum in the manufacture of doors, hood, hood and trunk lid.
In August 1972, a version of the model with the Bosch D-Jetronic electronic injection system appears. Power increased to 200 hp, the acceleration time to 100 km/h was reduced to 6.9 seconds, and the top speed was 220 km/h.
In August 1973, the engine volume was increased to 3,153 cubic meters. cm, power was 206 hp. Special racing models were equipped with engines of 3.2 and 3.5 liters and a power of 340 and 430 hp, respectively. In addition, they received special aerodynamic packages.
The Batmobile, as it was called, won six European Touring Championships. He also distinguished himself by the fact that he was the first among the models of the brand to receive a 24-valve engine, which was later installed on the M1 and M5. With its help, ABS was tested, which then went into the 7-series.
BMW 3.0 CSL (1971-1975)
In 1974, the world's first turbocharged mass-produced car, the 2002 Turbo, was released. Its 2-liter engine developed 170 hp. This allowed the car to accelerate to 100 km / h in 7 seconds and reach a “maximum speed” of 210 km / h.
In 1978, a mid-engined road sports car, unique in history, appears. It was developed for homologation: in order to participate in the races of groups 4 and 5, it was necessary to make 400 production cars of the model. Of the 455 M1s produced from 1978 to 1981, only 56 were racing, and the rest were road copies.
The car was designed by Giugiaro of ItalDesign, while the chassis work was outsourced to Lamborghini.
3.5-liter inline-six engine with 277 hp placed behind driver's seat and transfer the torque to rear wheels through a five-speed transmission. The car accelerated to “hundreds” in 5.6 seconds, and the maximum speed was 261 km / h.
BMW M1 (1978-1981)
In 1986, the BMW 750i comes out, which for the first time received a V12 engine. With a volume of 5 liters, he developed 296 hp. This car was the first, the speed of which was artificially limited at around 250 km / h. Later, other major automakers began to implement this practice.
In the same year, the fantastic Z1 roadster appears, which was originally developed as an experimental model as part of a brainstorming session. Unlimited engineers "painted" a car with excellent aerodynamics, thanks to the special design of the bottom, plastic body on a tubular frame and a futuristic appearance. Doors did not open in any of the usual ways, but were drawn into thresholds.
In its manufacture, the automaker has worked out the technology of using xenon lamps, as well as an integrated frame, door mechanism and pallet. In total, 8,000 cars of the model were assembled, with 5,000 on pre-order.
BMW Z1 (1986-1991)
In 1999, the first BMW SUV appeared - the X5 model. Its sporty nature caused quite a buzz at the Detroit Auto Show. The car was characterized by an impressive ground clearance, traction control and all-wheel drive for off-road, as well as enough power to compete on equal terms with the brand's passenger models on asphalt.
BMW X5 (1999)
In 2000-2003, the BMW Z8 is produced, a two-seater sports car, which many collectors of the brand call one of the most beautiful cars in history.
When creating the design, the designers sought to show the 507 model, which would be produced at the beginning of the 21st century. She got an aluminum body on spatial frame, 5-liter engine with 400 hp and a six-speed Getrag manual transmission.
The model was used as a Bond car in the film The World Is Not Enough.
BMW Z8 (2000-2003)
In 2011 BMW company AG has founded a new division, BMW i, which specializes in hybrid and electric vehicles.
The division's first models were the i3 hatchback and the i8 coupe. They debuted in 2011 at the Frankfurt Motor Show.
The BMW i3 was launched in 2013. It is equipped with an electric motor with a capacity of 168 hp. and system rear wheel drive. The maximum speed of the car is 150 km/h. The average fuel consumption of the i3 RangeExtender is 0.6 l/100 km. The hybrid version of the car received a 650 cc internal combustion engine that recharges the electric motor.
BMW i3 (2013)
Official sales of brand cars in Russia began in 1993, when the first BMW dealer appeared in Moscow. Now the company boasts the most developed network of dealers among luxury automakers in our country. Since 1997, the assembly of cars of the brand has been established at the Kaliningrad enterprise Avtotor.
BMW AG is today one of the leading manufacturers of premium cars. Its factories are located in Germany, Malaysia, Thailand, South Africa, India, Egypt, the USA and Russia. In China, BMW cooperates with Huacheng Auto Holding and produces cars under the Brilliance brand.
The history of the German brand began on the northern outskirts of Munich in 1916 with a small aircraft engine plant. Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto created an enterprise called Bayerische Motoren Werke, which means "Bavarian Motor Works". The creators took a stylized aircraft propeller against the blue sky as the basis for the BMW emblem. According to another interpretation, the logo icon was chosen because of the white and blue flowers bavarian flag. At that time, no one imagined that a small airline would turn into a giant in the car market.
Great demand for aircraft BMW engines was caused by the First World War, but its results almost destroyed the young company: the Treaty of Versailles signed a ban on the manufacture of engines for German aviation - at that time the only product of the Munich company. Then it was decided to produce motorcycle engines. The first motorcycle BMW R32 was designed by young engineer Max Fritz in just five weeks.
But the production of aircraft engines was soon resumed, and BMW's lost positions in this market were quickly returned. The rise of the Bavarian company was also facilitated by the fact that Germany entered into a secret agreement with the USSR on the supply of the latest aircraft engines. Soviet aircraft of the 1930s, equipped with BMW engines, made many record flights.
Europe was in economic trouble at the time, and the first subcompact car, the 1929 BMW Dixi, gained a lot of popularity. Seven years later, the Bavarian company presented to the world public its famous sports coupe BMW 328, which became the winner of many racing competitions. However, the basis of the business was still the production of aircraft engines.
During the Second World War, many German automobile enterprises were destroyed, including the Munich plant of BMW, the restoration of the industrial base of which took years. The decline of the Bavarian firm almost ended with the decision to sell it to longtime rival Mercedes-Benz, but thanks to a new strategy chosen by the owner, BMW managed to maintain its independence. The company's policy in the post-war years was to produce small-capacity motorcycles and large comfortable sedans. Models of the 60s such as the BMW 700 and 1500 won universal recognition and gave hope for the revival of the brand. It was then that a whole new class of compact sports touring cars appeared. In those same years, an unusual three-wheeled small car BMW Izetta was produced - a cross between a motorcycle and a car. For the first time saw the light and cars of the famous series - the third, fifth, sixth and seventh.
The rapid development of the Bavarian automaker was accompanied by the global economic boom of the 80s. Focusing on excellent driving performance and maximum comfort for the driver, the company increased its sales many times and significantly pressed the American and Japanese competitors. Sales and production units of BMW opened in various parts of the globe.
In the 1990s, as part of a growing German company included brands such as Rover and Rolls-Royce, which made it possible to replenish its lineup with SUVs and ultra-small cars.
Over the past thirty years, the automaker's profits have been increasing every year. Having found itself on the brink of collapse more than once, the BMW empire rose and again achieved success. Now the German brand occupies a strong position as a trendsetter in automotive fashion. The BMW brand is synonymous with high standards in terms of quality, comfort and safety.
german car company BMW (an abbreviation for "Bayerische Motoren Werke", which translates as "Bavarian Motor Works") is a giant concern headquartered in Munich. Currently, BMW products are manufactured at five factories located in Germany, as well as twenty-two subsidiaries around the world. The BMW brand is a guarantor of reliability and the highest quality, time-tested. A car of this brand emphasizes the high status of its owner and not only speaks, but literally screams about his impeccable taste and financial well-being. The company produces not only great cars and sports cars, but also specializes in the production of motorcycles. What was the history of BMW and how did the company achieve such incredible success?
Important milestones in the history of BMW
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| July 20, 1917 | Registration of the BMW plant in Munich |
| September 1917 | Creation of the BMW logo |
| 1919 | Motor 4 engine developed |
| 1923 | Release of the R32 motorcycle |
| 1928 | Acquiring a license to manufacture a Dixi car |
| 1932 | First BMW 3/15 PS |
| 1933 | Launch of the BMW 303 |
| 1936 | Launch of the BMW 328 |
| 1959 | Launch of the BMW 700 |
| 1962 | Launch of the BMW 1500 |
| 1966 | Launch of the BMW 1600-2 |
| 1968 | Premiere of the 2500 and 2800 models |
| 1990 | Launch of the BMW 850i |
| 1994 | The company acquires the Rover Group |
| 1996 | The release of the BMW Z3, famous in the movie "GoldenEye" |
| 1997 | Release of the R1200C motorcycle |
| 1999 | The debut of the BMW X5 - the legendary SUV |
| 2000 | Record sales worldwide |
| 2007 | Presented BMW concept X6 |
| 2009 | 1) X6 M sports version introduced 2) Commencement of serial production of sports cars with a hybrid engine 3) New BMW 5 Series Sedan (top model BMW 550i) |
| 2011 | World premiere of the BMW ActiveE electric car |
| September 2011 | Opening of a carbon fiber plant with SGL Group |
| 2013 | Innovative sub-brand BMWi |
| December 2014 | BMW i8 sports car wins Top Gear Car of the Year 2014 |
How it all began
And the path to success was thorny, in its entire more than a century of history, the company has experienced several rapid rises and repeatedly teetered on the verge of complete ruin. The history of BMW began back in 1913, when Gustav Otto (heir to Nikolaus August Otto, inventor of the internal combustion engine) and entrepreneur Karl Rapp independently opened small firms in the north of Munich specializing in the production of aircraft engines. In those years, such production was very profitable due to the legendary flight of the Wright brothers and the rapidly growing popularity of aircraft.
In 1914 the First World War. Demand for aircraft engines increased, and the Otto and Rapp firms teamed up to extract even greater profits. The official registration date for the new aircraft engine plant is July 20, 1917. The plant received the world-famous name "Bayerishe Motoren Werke". Thus, Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto are the founders of the BMW concern.
In September 1917, the BMW logo was designed. Initially, it depicted a propeller against the sky. Later, the logo was stylized to four sectors, painted in white and blue, symbolizing, according to one version, the Bavarian flag, according to another version, the rotating blades of a helicopter through which one can see the blue sky. In 1929, the logo was finally approved and in the future, practically no changes were made to it (except for giving volume at the beginning of the 21st century)
World War I and the first collapse of the company
1916 The end of the First World War and the signed Treaty of Versailles lead the company to the first threshold of collapse, since the production of aircraft engines was forbidden to the Germans - and it was the engines that were the basic products of the young plant! However, enterprising businessmen find a way out and turn to the production of motorcycle engines first, and later to the serial production of the motorcycles themselves. Gradually, BMW motorcycles are gaining fame as the fastest in the world! And in 1919, the production of engines for aircraft was resumed.
This is interesting: in 1919, pilot Franz Diemer on a plane with a Motor-4 engine developed by BMW set the first world record by conquering a height of 9760 meters!
BMW concludes a secret agreement with the USSR on the supply of aircraft engines - thus, almost all record flights in Soviet Russia of those years were carried out on aircraft equipped with BMW engines.
In 1932, the legendary motorcycle R32 saw the light of day, in the 20s and 30s, numerous and absolute speed records in racing, and the motorcycle itself has gained fame as a reliable and high-quality machine!
Start of car production
In 1928 the company acquires automobile factories in Thuringia, and together with them - a license for the production of a compact car Dixi, which became one of the most important in Europe during the economic crisis. popular cars. Thus, we can say that the history of the BMW car begins with the release of this compact car.
BMW starts production in 1932 own cars . In 1933 comes out car bmw 303, equipped with a six-cylinder engine. The car becomes a real sensation of those years. It has already installed the famous radiator grille (the so-called "BMW nostrils"), which later became a distinctive design element of all the brainchildren of the concern.
1936 becomes a real breakthrough in history BMW brand- the company produces the BMW 328, which has become the most successful sports model capable of speeds up to 90 km / h. For those years, the novelty is perceived as a genuine avant-garde and causes a true thrill in the soul of every motorist. The appearance of this model finally formed the ideology of the company (“A car for the driver”) and secured the reputation of quality, beauty, style and reliability for the BMW brand.
This is interesting: the concept of the main BMW competitor, Mercedes-Benz, sounds like "Car - for passengers"
By the beginning of World War II, BMW had already managed to become famous throughout the world as a dynamically developing and successful company specializing in sports cars and motorcycles. World records are set on BMW-powered aircraft, and the same thing happens in motorcycle races. Cars amaze the imagination with power, beauty and reliability.
Difficult post-war years
The end of the war leads the company to its second collapse. The German economy is destroyed. Several factories located in the zone of occupation were completely destroyed. The British also dismantled the main plant in Munich. There is a ban on the production of rockets and aircraft engines for a period of three years. The production of cars is also suspended. And then the company again turns to motorcycles, which had previously rescued it during the first crisis.
Everything has to start from scratch, but this does not scare the founding fathers, Otto and Rapp. They manage to raise the firm from its knees - however, not immediately. BMW's first post-war product was the R24 motorcycle, assembled almost handicraft in workshops. The first post-war car - 501 - was not successful. An interesting Izetta model is also produced - a three-wheeled small car, a kind of symbiosis of a motorcycle and a car. The new decision was enthusiastically accepted by the impoverished Germany, and, it would seem, here it is, the way out! But economic potential population was estimated incorrectly, and the company mistakenly focused on the promotion of limousines, popular in those years in Europe. This again led the company to the deepest financial crisis - the third in its history and, perhaps, the most serious. Mercedes-Benz offers to buy out BMW for big money, but shareholders and employees are outraged. Together, the company is taken out of the crisis. The history of BMW models continued, and soon the company again took a leading position in the global automotive industry.
In 1956, a magnificent handsome car BMW 507 was released. The car accelerated to 220 km / h, was offered in two body styles - a roadster and a hardtop. The car was equipped with an 8-cylinder 3.2 liter. 150 hp engine At present BMW time 507 is one of the rarest, most expensive and beautiful collectible cars.
In 1959, the BMW 700 is produced, equipped with an air cooling system. The machine wins worldwide recognition and lays the foundation for the further stable and confident development of the company, its advancement to permanent world glory.
The 1970s were marked by the appearance of the legendary series 3,5,6 and 7. The company entered a fundamentally new level with the release of the 5th series. Remember that before the company specialized in the production of sports cars? From now on, she has occupied her niche in the segment of upscale sedans. The BMW 3.0 CSL has won six European championships since 1973. This car, made in a coupe body, was equipped with a six-cylinder four-valve engine, and this is far from the only technical innovation in his device (take, for example, the updated ABS brake system).
1987 - a new one saw the light BMW roadster Z1, equipped with the latest technology. Exemplary aerodynamics and state-of-the-art electronic system engine power adjustments bring the car to a fundamentally new level, although it was originally conceived as an experimental model.
This is interesting: concern BMW is the founder of the music award "Musica Viva" in the field of avant-garde musical trends
Brand development in the 90s
At the beginning of the 90s, BMW opens many dealerships around the world, and also acquires Rolls-Royce brand and signs an agreement on the supply of engines for 8 and 12 cylinders for these cars. In 1994, BMW acquires the industrial group "Rover Group" (Rover, Land Rover, MG cars), which allows to replenish the model range BMW cars midget class and SUVs.
In 1990, the magnificent new luxury coupe BMW 850i is released, equipped with a powerful 12-cylinder engine that allows the car to instantly take off like a predatory beast.
1995 was marked by the release of the station wagon 3-series, as well as the release of the new 5-series. The models are distinguished by modern design and the most advanced technology (for example, the chassis is almost completely made of aluminum for the first time in the history of the automotive industry). In 1996, BMW equips the Z3 7 Series diesel engine, giving birth to a delightful model that combines classic design with excellent speed characteristics. The real glory of this car is brought by the picture "Golden Eye", which is part of the legendary series of films about superspy 007. James Bond, played by the handsome Pierce Brosnan, drives around in it on a magnificent BMW Z3. The car was such a success that the plant in Spartanburg simply could not keep up with the fulfillment of all the orders received for it!
Spring 1998 is the debut of the fifth generation of 3 Series sedans with improved safety features (not just improved, but best in class). As always, cars delight with unsurpassed technical characteristics and excellent appearance. And in 1999, the legendary BMW X5 comes out.
Another success in 1999 is celebrated by the new sports model BMW Z8, once again conquered the hearts of the audience in the next Bond movie - "And the whole world is not enough."
Beginning of the 21st century: the true success and flourishing of the company
The beginning of the 21st century (2000 and 2001) was marked by record sales for BMW. Compared to 1999, only in the Russian car sales market German concern increased by 83%! The release of magnificent models continues, each of which becomes a kind of sensation. So, at the beginning of the 21st century, the BMW 7 car saw the light - executive limousine luxury class. In 2003, the BMW Z4 was recognized as the best convertible of the year. This model is more like a concept car than a production car. She managed to turn the usual idea of roadster design.
In 2006, the luxurious BMW X6 appears, combining the best technical qualities SUV and coupe design (all-wheel drive, increased ground clearance, large wheels and a significant roof slope at the rear of the car). He became the first four-seater SUV equipped with an automatic transmission. Only in the second half of 2008, the car went on sale.
In 2008, BMW produced over a million vehicles. Over 100,000 people work for the company. The group's revenues amounted to over 50 billion euros, and net profit - 330 million euros.
Did you know that BMW factories don't use robots? Models are assembled on conveyors exclusively by hand!
Recent history of BMW: sustainable cars of the future
Today, the BMW concern continues to develop at a rapid pace. One article is not enough to describe all the achievements and innovations of the company. Therefore, in this section we will try to reflect the main points that are worth paying attention to, speaking about the recent history of BMW.
In 2009, the BMW Vision EfficientDynamics hybrid sports car debuted at the Frankfurt International Motor Show. The premiere was truly stellar and caused a wide public response. The new sports car has gained such fame thanks to its striking design and incredible efficiency, as well as full compliance with the technologies of the future. For its futuristic appearance and innovative findings, the car received several prestigious awards.
This is interesting: the height of the BMW Vision EfficientDynamics sports car is only 1.24 meters!
Also in 2009, the world premiere of the new sedan of the legendary BMW 5 Series took place. The top model of the line was the magnificent BMW 550i, which embodies all the best qualities of the brand, which are its calling card - sophisticated and stylish design, unsurpassed driver comfort and efficiency, saturation innovative technologies. All this allowed the sixth generation of the BMW 5 Series to become a true personification of the highest quality standards and once again confirm and strengthen its status as one of the most successful producers premium cars.
In 2011, at the International Geneva Motor Show, BMW introduced the innovative BMW ActiveE electric car, the first model to combine a roomy and comfortable interior with a full-fledged electric motor.
The car is presented in a coupe body. The intelligent interior design of the electric car leaves the driver and three passengers with plenty of space (as much as in the BMW 1 Series Coupé).
In September 2011, a significant event for the concern took place - the official launch of an ultra-modern carbon fiber plant together with the SGL Group. The plant is located in the USA, the state of Washington, the city of Moses Lake. The new facility produces carbon-fiber-reinforced ultralight plastics for BMWi sub-brand vehicles.
The new sub-brand is the latest standard in efficiency and sustainability in the premium class. His appearance cemented the glory of the BMW concern as the manufacturer of the most environmentally friendly and innovative cars in the world! This is a new era in the global automotive industry, a real revolutionary breakthrough. In 2013, the magnificent BMW i3 and BMW i8 saw the light of day. In the future, a significant expansion of the sub-brand model range is planned; BMWi Ventures JSC has already been opened in New York for this purpose.
In December 2014, the phenomenal BMW i8 was named Car of the Year by the influential automotive glossy publication Top Gear. The competition was held in conditions of serious competition, many of the world's best manufacturers of premium cars fought for this prestigious title. But the amazing features of the BMW i8 were appreciated - this is an electric motor, and an unprecedented low fuel consumption, minimum emissions, as well as an impressive design! This is a truly unique car that completely changes our idea of what the cars of the future should be like.
Did you know that the cost of a BMW i8 in Russia is 8 800 000 rubles?
Beautiful and stylish advertising BMW i8 (video)
At present, the company, which began a century ago from a small aircraft engine plant, has turned into the world's largest concern with five factories in Germany, subsidiaries in Malaysia, India, Egypt, Vietnam, Thailand, Russia (Kaliningrad, Avtotor). Cars that have been produced and continue to be produced throughout the history of BMW are a true symbol of comfortable transport of the highest class.
Capitalized. Stylish, safe, powerful, comfortable and bright. The list of adjectives can go on and on. But among them will not be cheap and simple. BMW has many factories, even more branches where cars are assembled. Is there a BMW not of German assembly? After all, the latest models are assembled even in Russia. Let's take a closer look at this issue. Be sure to remember the history of the company, how it all began, the lineup, features and, of course, the place of assembly.
The main power of "BMW"
All major production facilities are located in Germany at BMW. The country of origin of a famous brand car, of course, is also Germany. But only if they are made in factories in Munich, Regensburg, Dingolfing or Leipzig. Indeed, today BMWs are also assembled in India, Thailand, China, Egypt, the USA, the Republic of South Africa and Russia. In total, there are 22 non-German BMW enterprises.
The default build quality is determined by the main manufacturing country - Germany. What is being done to preserve the originality of the assembly?
1. Cars in BMW subsidiaries are made from ready-made components supplied directly from German factories.
2. Constant control the quality of car assembly, the quality of qualification of service personnel from the center.
3. Regular advanced training of branch employees.
A small digression into the history of the BMW brand
The beginning was laid in the early 20s of the last century. 1913 is considered the year of foundation, and in 1917 the company's activity was recorded - aircraft engines. Yes, yes, BMW originally had a slightly different profile than today. The war has left its mark. But after the end of hostilities, the production of aircraft engines was banned.
In order to somehow survive, the company's management decided to produce motorcycles. Since 1923, BMW has been manufacturing light motorcycles. There was a moment when motorcycles were also banned, and the factories were interrupted by orders for bicycles and tools. However, the hard times are still coming to an end. Since 1948, BMW has continued to produce motorcycles, and since 1951, the first post-war car, the BMW 501, has been released.
Since the late 50s, the BMW company, whose manufacturing country is Germany, has been entering the production of sports cars. By actively participating in races, BMW products win prizes, thereby increasing its fame. In 1975, the development of the 3rd BMW family, the E21, begins.
How to understand BMW models
For almost 100 years of development of the company, a huge number of cars have been developed and produced. BMW has 9 so-called families alone. Among them are the most popular and numerous:
- 3rd series;
- 5th series;
- 7th series;
- X-series.
In each family, cars are divided into bodies. For example, in the 3rd series, the first model in 1975 was the E21. And only in 1982 it was replaced by the E30 body. To make it even clearer, consider the E21 model with the designation 320i. Here 3 is the family or series number; 20 is the engine displacement of 2.0 liters, and the letter "i" denotes a fuel injected engine. 320 has only carbureted engine, most often the company "Solex".
The stylistic features of models can most often be distinguished only by professionals, therefore, in order to fully identify a BMW car, it is recommended to look at the documents. Vin auto gives all the necessary information on the model, engine, and also provides access to component parts in the original catalogs. What "BMW", what country of origin - the answers to these and other questions can be found in the documents and under the hood of the car.
Separate representatives are machines of the Z and M series. These families have their own special numbering and identification, due to their special productions. The Technik division develops prototypes, and the letter "M" marks the products of the Motorsport division. There is also the American company BMW and two luxury coupe models L7 and L6 released by it. Outwardly, they can be confused with the 7th suite in the 23rd body. However, these are 6-series models, with big amount additional options released specifically for the US domestic market.
The most famous and popular BMW
The most famous BMW car, the country of origin of which is real Germany, can be considered the Z8. This car was produced less than 5 years, had the classic look of the 507 roadster of yesteryear, but at the same time modern stuffing. The Z8 gained its incredible popularity for being in the movie "The World Is Not Enough". For the movie, the car was further developed and turned into a real spy car.
The most popular "BMW", according to reviews, is the model of the 3rd series in the 46th body. These vehicles have been sold maximum amount. The third family of the company in 2014 was the best-selling. Almost 477 thousand buyers have opted for the 3 series.
Latest news from BMW
The company of the famous German car manufacturer BMW continues to develop new masterpieces for its fans and connoisseurs. Among the novelties recent years it should be noted 740LE - a car with a hybrid engine and all-wheel drive. IN combined cycle such a car should consume no more than 2.5 liters of fuel per 100 km.
For the Russians, the BMW X1 of the Russian assembly became available. The car is presented in 3 fixed configurations. As options to choose from, either a diesel power unit of 150 “horses” is presented, or Gas engine in 192 "horses" with a volume of 2.0 liters.
Among the 7-ok, 760Li is especially noticeable. This "BMW", the country of origin of which is only Germany so far, is distinguished by a very powerful engine of 609 hp. With. with a volume of 6.6 liters. The maximum speed of the car is hardware limited to 250 km / h, but it is possible to accelerate to the first 100 in only 3.7 seconds.
The X family has a real leader - this is the top model X4 M40i. The gasoline unit of the new car has 360 "horses" and 3 liters of volume. Intelligent all-wheel drive ensures the distribution of the load along the axles. In case of slippage, it is connected to the main rear front axle. An 8-speed automatic transmission and electronic self-adjusting dampers make the new X4 the most enjoyable driving experience.
Famous BMW X5
The BMW X5 is extremely popular in Russia. It comes with a whole bunch of nice features:
- Four-wheel drive.
- Stylish and solid design model.
- Impressive features.
- Reliability and quality from "BMW", the country of origin of which was originally Germany.
The last update of the model, which took place in 2013 (F15), turned out with larger body dimensions and more environmentally friendly engines. There are 2 petrol and 2 diesel power units. More strong gasoline engine has a volume of 4.4 liters and a capacity of 450 liters. s., while the smaller one is 3.0 liters and 306 liters. With. Turbocharged diesel engines are made in volumes of 3 and 2 liters with more modest 258 and 218 “horses”, respectively. All variations of the X5 F15 are equipped with an 8-speed automatic transmission.
Popular today "BMW X5" (manufacturer - Germany or Russia) sells well in the secondary car market.
"BMW X6"
Immediately after the X5, BMW released the next variant of the all-wheel drive crossover of the X-car family. And already at the end of 2014, a modified version was published under the index F16. Initially, the car did not take root in Russian circles. This could be due to the positive perception previous model. Well, the Russians liked the X5. But gradually, car sales began to grow, and the X6 confidently began to gain momentum. What attracts the attention of this sample from BMW?
The appearance of the car has aggressive and sporty notes. Power units with each model are increasingly being finalized in order to increase power and reduce fuel consumption. Car suspension with multi-link electronically controlled shock absorbers. There are several modes for optimal handling on any road surface. Among the innovations inside the cabin, a projection screen can be noted. In general, the BMW X6, whose country of origin is real Germany, is still valued more than the same car, but of Russian assembly.
"Mini Cooper" from "BMW"
The Mini Cooper is one of BMW's not-so-standard solutions. Released in 2002 from the assembly line, it became the second birth of the once legendary british car. Everything that is done by BMW is high quality, reliable and powerful. This mini-car was no exception.
Several options for gasoline and diesel power units accelerate the car over 200 km / h. "Baby" is surprisingly frisky and powerful. For example, a 1.6-liter gasoline engine has a power of 184 hp. With. good grip with the road creates a slightly stiff suspension. Fuel consumption also leaves much to be desired. In general, the car has a special charm and, of course, finds its fans. After all, this is the second birth of the legend - "Mini Cooper". The manufacturer is the country in which BMW feels at home, not always Germany.
Features of the Russian assembly
As for the Russian assembly of BMW, the Kaliningrad enterprise "Avtotor" is engaged in it. Almost the entire X-family is assembled here: X1, X3, X5 and X6. "BMW" Russian assembly is no different from the original. After all, the assembly is carried out on German equipment, according to German standards and under control. But the main thing is that the cars are assembled from ready-made units.
Today to the questions: “Who produces BMW? What is the country of origin? - it is impossible to give a definite answer. BMW has 27 factories around the world. The quality of production is everywhere at the highest level. At the same time, there are no automated assembly lines in the factories. This step is always done manually by experts.
Conclusion
The history of the BMW company shows that with due efforts and the desire to achieve new results, it gives its “fruits”. Several times this company was on the verge of bankruptcy, but each time it flourished again. Today BMW is one of the most famous and successful car manufacturers in the world. Only Toyota, apart from her, can boast of such a fact as a constant annual increase in profits.
The country of origin of BMW cars was originally Germany. At the same time, the quality and reliability of cars produced by subsidiaries remain at the same high level.
In 1913, on the northern outskirts of Munich, Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto, the son of the inventor of the internal combustion engine, Nikolaus August Otto, set up two small aircraft engine companies. The outbreak of the First World War immediately brought numerous orders for aircraft engines. Rapp and Otto decide to merge into one aircraft engine plant. Thus, an aircraft engine factory was established in Munich, which in July 1917 was registered under the name Bayerische Motoren Werke ("Bavarian Motor Works") - BMW. This date is considered to be the year of foundation of BMW, and Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto its founders.
Although the exact date of appearance and the moment the company was founded is still the subject of controversy between automotive historians. And all because the BMW industrial company was officially registered on July 20, 1917, but long before that, in the same city of Munich, there were many firms and associations that were also involved in the development and production of aircraft engines. Therefore, in order to finally see the “roots” of BMW, it is necessary to travel back to the last century, to the territory of the GDR that existed not so long ago. It was there that on December 3, 1886, the involvement of today's BMW in the automotive business was “lit up”, and it was there, in the city of Eisenach, in the period from 1928 to 1939. was the headquarters of the company.
Heinrich Ehrhardt and the Wartburg Motorized Carriage
On December 3, 1896, in the city of Eisenach, Heinrich Ehrhardt founded a factory for the production of cars for the needs of the army and, oddly enough, bicycles. Already the fifth in the district. And, probably, Erhardt would have produced dark green mountain bikes, ambulances and mobile soldiers' kitchens if he had not seen the success that accompanied Daimler and Benz with their motorized sidecars.
And it was decided to make something light, not military, and, of course, different from what competitors have already done. But to save time and money, Ehrhardt bought a license from the French. The Parisian car was called Ducaville.
So there was what today is called BMW. And then this monster was called the "Wartburg motorized carriage", and it was not its own development. A couple of years later, in September 1898, the Wartburg arrived on its own at an automobile exhibition in Düsseldorf and took its place on a par with Daimler, Benz, Opel and Durkopp.
1917: Rapp Motor Company is renamed BMW Bayerische Motoren Werke
One of the local sights of Eisenach was the reason for the appearance of the name of the first car ("Wartburg"), which was released in 1898 after the company created a number of 3- and 4-wheeled prototypes. The first-born Wartburgs were the most horseless wagon equipped with a 0.5-liter 3.5 hp engine. There were no hints of the presence of front and rear suspensions. Such a simplified design became a good incentive for the more progressive work of local engineers and designers, who a year later created a car that accelerated to 60 km / h. Moreover, in 1902, the Wartburg appeared with a 3.1-liter engine and a 5-speed gearbox, which was enough to win the race in Frankfurt that year.
Very important point 1904 began in the history of BMW and the Eisenach plant, when cars called Dixie were exhibited at the Frankfurt Motor Show, indicating the good development of the enterprise and a new level of production. There were two models in total - "S6" and "S12", the numbers in the designation of which indicated the number Horse power. (By the way, the "S12" model was not discontinued until 1925.)
1919: Franz Zeno Diemer (center) with his record-breaking aircraft
Max Fritz, who worked at the Daimler plant, was invited to the position of chief designer at Bayerische Motoren Werke. Under the direction of Fritz was made aircraft engine BMW IIIa, which in September 1917 successfully passed bench tests. The aircraft equipped with this engine set a world record at the end of the year, having risen to 9760 m.
At the same time, the BMW emblem appeared - a circle divided into two blue and two white sectors, which was a stylized image of a propeller rotating against the sky. It was also taken into account that blue and white are the national colors of Bavaria.
After the end of the First World War, the company was on the verge of collapse, because, under the Treaty of Versailles, the Germans were forbidden to produce engines for aircraft, namely, engines at that time were the only products of BMW. But the enterprising Karl Rapp and Gustav Otto find a way out - the plant is converted to the production of motorcycle engines first, and then the motorcycles themselves. In 1923, the first R32 motorcycle leaves the BMW factory. At the 1923 motorcycle show in Paris, this first BMW motorcycle immediately gained a reputation for speed and reliability, which was confirmed by absolute speed records in international motorcycle races of the 20s and 30s.
1923: The first BMW motorcycles
In the early 20s, two influential businessmen appeared in the history of BMW - Gothaer and Shapiro, to whom the company went, falling into the abyss of debts and losses. The main reason for the crisis was the underdevelopment of automotive production, along with which the enterprise, by the way, was engaged in the production of aircraft engines. And since the latter, unlike cars, brought the bulk of the means of subsistence and development, BMW was in an unenviable position. The "cure" was invented by Shapiro, who was on a short footing with the English car manufacturer Herbert Austin and was able to agree with him on the start of mass production of "Austins" in Eisenach. Moreover, the release of these machines was put on the conveyor, which by that time, except for BMW, only Daimler-Benz could boast.
1928 Austin 7
The first 100 licensed "Austins", which enjoyed incredible success in Britain, left the assembly line in Germany with a right-hand drive, which was new for the Germans. Later, the design of the machine was changed in accordance with local requirements, and the machines were produced under the name "Dixie". By 1928, more than 15,000 Dixies (read Austins) were made, which played a decisive role in the revival of BMW. This first became noticeable in 1925, when Shapiro became interested in the possibility of producing cars of his own design and began to negotiate with the famous designer and designer Wunibald Kamm. As a result, an agreement was reached, and another talented person was involved in the development of the now famous automobile brand. Kamm has been developing new components and assemblies for BMW for several years.
1929: First BMW car: BMW 3/15 PS.
In the meantime, the issue of approving a branded trademark was resolved positively for BMW. In 1928, the company acquires car factories in Eisenach (Thuringia), and with them a license to produce a small car Dixi. November 16, 1928 "Dixie" ceased to exist as a trademark - it was replaced by "BMW". Dixi is the first BMW car. During the period of economic difficulties, the small car becomes the most popular car in Europe.
On April 1, 1932, the premiere of the first “real” BMW was scheduled, which subsequently earned the recognition of the automotive press and became the starting point for the production of a car of its own design. The same car, with a well-thought-out body received from the outside, was a combination of new ideas and developments with those already well known and used on Dixie models. The engine power was 20 hp, which was enough to drive at a speed of 80 km / h. A very successful development was a four-speed gearbox, which was not offered on any other model until 1934.
By the beginning of World War II, BMW was one of the most dynamically developing companies in the world, producing sports-oriented equipment. She has several world records to her credit: Wolfgang von Gronau crosses the North Atlantic from east to west in an open seaplane Dornier Wal, equipped with a BMW engine, Ernst Henne on an R12 motorcycle equipped with a cardan drive, hydraulic shock absorbers and a telescopic fork (invented by BMW), sets a world speed record for motorcycles - 279.5 km / h, not surpassed by anyone for the next 14 years.
Production receives an additional boost after the conclusion of a secret agreement with Soviet Russia to supply her with the latest aircraft engines. Most of the Soviet record flights of the 1930s were made on aircraft equipped with BMW engines.
1933: Beginning of the BMW six-cylinder tradition: BMW 303.
In 1933, the production of the 303 model began - the first BMW car with a 6-cylinder engine, which made its debut at the Berlin car exhibition. His appearance was a real sensation. This inline "six" with a displacement of 1.2 liters allowed the car to move at a speed of 90 km / h and became the basis for many subsequent BMW sports projects. Moreover, it was used on the new model "303", which became the first in the history of the company, which was equipped with a radiator grille with a corporate design, expressed in the presence of two elongated ovals. The "303" model was designed at the Eisenach factory and was distinguished primarily by a tubular frame, independent front suspension and good performance handling, reminiscent of sports.
"BMW-303" was perfect for the "autobahns" then actively built in Germany. Immediately after the presentation, a run was made on it across the entire country, and in this action the car proved itself only on the good side. People were willing to pay the price set by the manufacturer for this car. Moreover, wealthy BMW fans chose the “303rd” model with a sports two-seater roadster body.
For two years of production of the BMW-303, the company managed to sell 2,300 of these cars, which, by the way, were later followed by their "brothers", distinguished by more powerful engines and other digital designations: "309" and "315". Actually, they became the first samples for the logical development of the BMW model designation system. On the example of these machines, we note that the number "3" denoted the series, and 0.9 and 1.5 - the displacement of the engines. The designation system that appeared then successfully exists to this day, with the only difference being that it was replenished with such numbers as "520", "524", "635", "740", "850", etc.
"BMW-315" was far from the last in a series of outwardly similar cars, as the most striking and remarkable among them were the "BMW-319" and "BMW-329", more related to sports cars. The maximum speed of the first, for example, was 130 km / h.
Along with all the previous cars, the 326 model, which appeared at the Berlin Automobile Exhibition in 1936, looked simply gorgeous. This four-door car was far from the world of sports, and its rounded design already belonged to the direction that came into force in the 50s. The open top, good quality, chic interior and a large number of new changes and additions put the 326th model on a par with Mercedes-Benz cars, whose buyers were very wealthy people.
With a mass of 1125 kg, the BMW-326 model accelerated to a maximum of 115 km / h and at the same time consumed 12.5 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers. With similar characteristics and with its appearance, the car got into the list best models company and was produced until 1941, when BMW production amounted to almost 16,000 units. With so many produced and sold cars "BMW-326" became the best pre-war model.
Logically, after such a resounding success of the “326th” model, the next logical step should have been the appearance of a sports model made on its basis.
1938: The BMW 328 dominates racing.
1940: Mille Miglia wins again: BMW 328.
In 1936, BMW produced the famous "328" - one of the most successful sports cars. With its appearance, the BMW ideology was finally formed, which to this day determines the concept of new models: “The car is for the driver.” The main competitor, Mercedes-Benz, follows the principle: "The car is for passengers." Since then, each company has gone its own way, proving that its choice is the right one.
The winner of a great many competitions - circuit races, rallies, hill climbs - the BMW 328 was addressed to sports car connoisseurs and left all mass-produced sports cars far behind. The two-door, two-seater, truly sporty "BMW-328" was equipped with a six-cylinder engine and accelerated to 150 km / h. This model allowed the company to take part in many pre-war races and win recognition in a new quality. With the “328th” model, BMW became so famous in the second half of the 30s that all subsequent cars with a two-color brand name were perceived by the public as a symbol High Quality, reliability and beauty.
The outbreak of war leads to the suspension of the production of cars. Priority is once again given to aircraft engines.
1943: The Arado 234 is one of the first aircraft to be powered by the BMW 003 jet engine.
In 1944, BMW was the first in the world to launch jet engine BMW 109-003. Rocket engines are also being tested. The end of World War II was a disaster for the concern. Four factories that ended up in the Eastern zone of occupation were destroyed and dismantled.
The main plant in Munich was dismantled by the British. In connection with the production of aircraft engines and missiles during the war, the winners issue an order to ban production for three years
World War II caused great damage automotive manufacturers Germany, and BMW is no exception. The plant in Milbertshofen was completely bombed, and the enterprise in Eisenach ended up on the territory controlled by the USSR. Therefore, the equipment from there was partially exported to Russia as repatriations, and what remained was used to produce the BMW-321 and BMW-340 models, which were also sent to the USSR.
The only more or less "livable" were two factories in the city of Munich, around which the shareholders of BMW and concentrated their main efforts. By the way, the support of the German National Bank came: thanks to it, the company brought the concept of the BMW 328 sports car back to life and in the period from 1948 to 1953. released several new sports models on its basis.
The company was not in the best position, but in 1951 it introduced a prototype of the future car "BMW-501", which was distinguished by a large four-door sedan, drum brakes and a 65-horsepower engine that had a working volume of 1971 cc. The novelty was received in two ways - with interest and with surprise. The second, most likely, was due to the fact that the company could not even financially ensure the mass production of the “501st” model, in connection with which only 49 cars were assembled in 1952. By 1954, production reached 3410 copies, bought only by real and wealthy adherents of the BMW brand.
But what is most surprising is the idea that at that time was ripening in the minds of BMW designers and designers. They planned to release a luxury model.
In the same post-war years, BMW thought about the lack of necessary motors. This was especially evident after the presence of weak and low-torque engines began to affect car sales. As a result, the designers developed a long-term project for the production of a new eight-cylinder power unit. The first samples appeared in 1954 and had a volume of 2.6 liters and a power of 95 hp, increased to 100 hp. in the 60s.
Simultaneously with the installation of an eight-cylinder on the BMW-501, the appearance of the car also changed a little: chrome-plated side moldings appeared that added elegance to the car. Equipped with a new engine, the 501st could accelerate to a maximum speed of 160 km / h. Naturally, the fuel consumption of a car with an eight-cylinder engine was significantly different from pre-war figures, but this worried BMW management the least.
"Isetta" (Isetta): a link between motorcycles and cars. Over 200,000 were built.
1955 saw the launch of the R 50 and R 51 models, inaugurating a new generation of fully sprung motorcycles. undercarriage, the small car "Isetta" comes out, a strange symbiosis of a motorcycle with a car. A three-wheeled vehicle with a forward-opening door was a huge success in impoverished post-war Germany. At the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1955, she became the absolute opposite of the models produced at that time. The tiny BMW Isetta looked like a bubble with small attached headlights and side mirrors. The rear wheelbase was much smaller than the front. The model was equipped with a single-cylinder engine of 0.3 liters. With a power of 13 hp "Isetta" accelerated to a maximum of 80 km / h.
Along with the little Isetta, BMW introduced two luxury coupes, the 503 and 507, based on the 5 Series sedan.
1956: Today it's a rare collector's car: the BMW 507.
Both cars were at that time referred to as “sufficiently sporty”, although they had a “civilian” appearance. For example, the maximum speed of the 507th varied somewhere between 190 and 210 km / h. A similar result was achieved thanks to a 3.2-liter engine with a compression ratio of 7.8: 1, a maximum power of 150 hp. at 5000 rpm and 237 Nm at 4000 rpm. On all wheels were drum brakes with a servo drive, and the average fuel consumption per 100 km was 17 liters.
But because of the ensuing passion for large limousines and the resulting losses, the company is on the verge of collapse. This is the only time in the history of BMW when the economic situation and the cars thrown on the market were not in demand.
Models belonging to the 5th series did not improve the position of BMW in the 50s. On the contrary, debts began to grow rapidly, sales decreased. To correct this situation, the bank that provided assistance to BMW and was one of largest shareholders"Daimler-Benz", offered to establish the production of a small and not very expensive car "Mercedes-Benz" at the factories in Munich. Thus, the existence of BMW as an independent company that produces original cars with own name and trademark. This proposal was actively opposed by BMW's small shareholders and dealerships throughout Germany. By common efforts, a certain amount of money was collected, which was required for the development and launch of a new middle-class BMW model, which was supposed to significantly improve the position of the company in the 60s.
By restructuring the capital structure, BMW manages to continue its activities. The third time the firm starts all over again. The middle class car was supposed to be a family car for "average" (and not only) Germans. as the most suitable option a small four-door sedan, a 1.5-liter engine and independent front and rear suspensions were considered, which at that time were not present in all cars.
It was almost impossible to put the car into production by 1961 and then present it at the Frankfurt Motor Show: there was simply not enough time. Therefore, under pressure from the sales department, several prototypes were urgently prepared for the exhibition, designed to attract future customers. The bet was made and in many respects justified itself. During the exhibition and over the next few weeks, about 20,000 orders for the BMW-1500 were made! Try to imagine the situation in which the company found itself, releasing only 2000 cars in 1962! In general, the production of the model "1500" for the entire time of its existence on the assembly line amounted to 23,000 copies. This was the beginning of the rise to the top of the automotive industry.
At the height of the production of the 1500 model, small engineering firms began to refine the car and increase engine power, which, of course, could not please the BMW management. The response was the release of the model "1800" with a 1.8-liter engine. Moreover, a little later, a version of the "1800 TI" appeared, corresponding to cars of the "Gran Turismo" class and accelerating to 186 km / h. Outwardly, she did not differ much from basic version, but, nevertheless, has become a worthy addition to the already replenished family.
"BMW 1800 TI", although it was released in the amount of only 200 copies, still became an extremely popular model. By 1966, on the basis of the car, the designers created a worthy follower - the BMW-2000, which today is perceived as the ancestor of the 3rd series, which has been released to date in several generations. At the same time, a coupe with a 2-liter engine and 100-120 “horses” hidden under the hood was a subject of particular pride for BMW.
In fact, the "BMW-2000" in the basic and other versions is one of the most successful models throughout the history of BMW. It takes a long time to count the number of variants of bodies and power units that appeared at that time of various capacities and with various maximum speeds. Together they formed a series that received the designation "02". Its representatives could satisfy the needs of almost all motorists, who were offered a choice from the simplest and most modest coupes to "fancy" high-speed convertibles with alloy wheels, boxes - "automatic" and motors of 170 "horses".
The world's first mass-produced car with a turbo engine: the BMW 2002 turbo.
The last 30 years has been 30 years of victories for BMW. New factories are being opened, the world's first serial turbo model "2002-turbo" is being produced, an anti-lock braking system is being created. brake system, which now all leading automakers equip their cars. The first electronic control engine. Almost all the models of the 60s that brought the automaker so much popularity were equipped with four-cylinder engines. However, BMW management still remembered the powerful and reliable units, which they intended to revive by 1968 simultaneously with the release of a new model, the BMW-2500. The single-row "six-cylinder" used in it, which was constantly being upgraded, was produced over the next 14 years and managed to become the basis for the same reliable and more powerful 2.8-liter engine. Along with the latest four-door sedan moved into a range of sports cars, because. only a few production cars in standard equipment could exceed the speed mark of 200 km / h.
BMW headquarters near the Olympic Center in Munich.
The headquarters building of the concern is being built in Munich, and the first control and testing ground is opened in Aschheim. A research center was built to design new models. In the 1970s, the first cars of famous BMW series- 3rd series, 5th series, 6th series, 7th series models.
After the production of the 2500 model and its main successors, the next significant event for BMW was the appearance of the 6 series, the first representative of which in 1978 was the luxurious 635 Csi coupe. Its 3.5-liter engine has become a new symbol technical excellence and even began to be installed on machines of the 5th series. The "Five", equipped with such an engine (power 218 hp), received the designation "M", confirming the exclusivity and sportiness of the car. Moreover, this motor really showed itself on the 5th series of the second generation, on the so-called. transitional models that saw the light in 1983.
In the year of German reunification, the concern, having founded BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH, returned to its roots in the field of aircraft engine building, and in 1991 introduced the new BR-700 aircraft engine. In the early 1990s, sports compact cars the third generation of the 3 Series and the 8 Series Coupe.
1989: New BMW 850i coupe.
A good step for the company was the purchase in 1994 for DM 2.3 billion of the industrial group Rover Group (“Rover Group”), and with it the UK's largest car production complex brands Rover, Land Rover and MG. With the purchase of this company, the list of BMW cars was replenished with the missing midget cars and SUVs. In 1998, the British company Rolls-Royce was acquired.
Since 1995, an airbag has been included as standard on all BMW vehicles for front passenger and anti-theft engine blocking system. In March of the same year, the station wagon (touring) of the 3rd series is launched into production.
BMW factory
Among latest models motorcycles of the 90s, the R100RT Classic touring motorcycle, equipped with luggage cases and heated handlebars, should be highlighted. Another model from this family, R100GS PD, is also intended for tourists. These motorcycles won four victories in the international rally Paris - Dakar. popular model became the F650, released in 1993. In addition, it turned out to be quite competitive compared to its Japanese counterparts. In 1993, BMW begins development of the new R1100RS "opposers". (for this motorcycle, for the first time, not only the height of the steering wheel and footrests, but also the saddle was regulated), R1100GS (one of the most powerful motorcycles in the world). In 1994, identical R850R and R1100RT models were released. The most popular of the 4-cylinder BMW motorcycles became the K1100RS model -tourist motorcycle with fairing sports type. But the most representative and equipped motorcycle is the K1100LT model, equipped with a huge electric fairing, adjustable windshield, large luggage bags and an anti-lock brake system.
Since 1995, the BMW plant in Spartanburg (USA) has been producing the BMW Z3.
In general, the end of the nineties was incredibly productive for BMW. New "fives", "sevens", the undeniable success of the Z3, all this did not make it possible even for a short break.
All these machines and engines have one thing in common: they prove that BMW production engines are built so solidly, so designed for the power put into them and are so balanced already in their basic concept that they can withstand any load on any track in the world.
The beginning of 1999 marked the debut of the BMW X5, which became the world's first Sports Car for Active rest(Sports Activity Vehicle): a vehicle that combines elegance and practicality in a unique way, thus opening up a new dimension of mobility.
And one more first place: The BMW Z8, the great sports car, celebrated its premiere in 1999 and delighted James Bond fans in The World Is Not Enough.
In 1999, BMW also surprised automotive enthusiasts at the Frankfurt Motor Show with the futuristic Z9 gran turismo concept.
Today, BMW, which began as a small aircraft engine plant, manufactures its products at five factories in Germany and twenty-two subsidiaries scattered around the world. This is one of the few automobile firms, which does not use robots in factories. All assembly on the conveyor goes only manually. At the output - only computer diagnostics of the main parameters of the car.
Over the past 30 years, only the concerns of BMW and Toyota have been able to operate with annually increasing profits. The BMW empire, which has been on the verge of collapse three times in its history, has risen and succeeded each time. For everyone in the world, the BMW concern is synonymous with high standards in the field of automotive comfort, safety, technology and quality.
sources
http://www.bmw-mania.ru
http://www.bmwgtn.ru
http://bikepost.ru
We have already studied a large number of stories automotive brands, you can find them by the tag "AUTO", and I will remind you from the last: and The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -
