A single-seat (monoposto) car designed to participate in car races, including for setting speed records (record racing and ultra-fast cars "bolides"). Foreign firms began to build G. ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
RACING CAR- single (monoposto) car, intended for for high-speed competitions on ring closed (for other transport) routes. It differs from passenger cars in its low weight, powerful engine, wheel arrangement (outside the body), ... ...
racing car- lenktyninis automobilis statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Specialus vienvietis automobilis su atviru kėbulu, pritaikytas greičio lenktynėms. atitikmenys: engl. racing car vok. Rennwagen, m rus. racing car … Sporto terminų žodynas
Racing car- a single-seat car for participation in car races ... Automobile dictionary
mini racing car- small car ... Russian spelling dictionary
open wheel car- Mercedes Benz racing car of the Formula 1 class, 2011 ... Wikipedia
Automobile- (Cars) Contents Contents 1. The history of the creation of the first car 2. The history of brands Aston Martin Bentley Bugatti Cadillac Chevrolet Dodge Division Ferrari Ford Jaguar 3. Classification By purpose By size By body type By displacement ... ... Encyclopedia of the investor
Automobile- Benz Velo is one of the first cars ... Wikipedia
automobile- n., m., use. often Morphology: (no) what? car, why? car, (see) what? car than? car about what? about the car; pl. What? cars, (no) what? cars, why? cars, (see) what? cars than? Dictionary of Dmitriev
AUTOMOBILE- (from auto ... and lat. mobilis mobile, easily moving) transport. trackless vehicle on a wheeled or half-tracked course, propelled by its own. engine. By appointment, A. can be passenger (car and bus), cargo, ... ... Big encyclopedic polytechnic dictionary
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If you are tired of football, do not rush to throw away the TV.
Beds, toilet bowls, balloons, lawn mowers, even coffins and pumpkins - that just does not serve as race cars! But cars are the most popular. But which ones and how exactly to compete on them is also a matter of a huge choice. Together with the Discovery Channel, we will tell you about the five main types of car racing. What is it for? Yes, to the fact that the Discovery Channel is approaching the finale of the Week of Speed. Her heroes are ready to strike sparks from the track for the sake of victory.
No. 1. Circuit racing
IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship touring car, photo by Mercedes-AMG
Track:
indoor racing track of complex configuration with a large number of turns.
Coating: Rules.On paper, the conditions are simple: you need to drive a few laps faster than your rivals and successfully pass the turns. But in fact, all these hairpins, apexes, esques and chicanes bring a lot of adrenaline to pilots and spectators. Ring races are the ones that everyone dreams about: speed, fireballs with a bunch of buttons, overalls that do not take burning fuel, the roar of engines, the squeal of tires ... In general, quite a man's music.
Formula 1 is a legendary design-class circuit race in open-wheel cars that originates from British horse racing. This is the world championship where everything is the best: the fastest cars, the biggest budgets, the most successful pilots and the coolest engineering teams that are fighting for their constructors' championship. The stages are called Grand Prix, to access each of them you need to meet many conditions, and participation itself is the dream of any rider. This year, the fight also promises to be hot, although Formula 1. There is no one higher than the stars of these races in motorsport: Michael Schumacher, Sebastian Vettel, Lewis Hamilton, Rubens Barrichello, Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna, Mika Hakkinen... The names speak for themselves.
NASCAR is the National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing, which gave its name to the NASCAR Cup Series, the premier auto racing championship in the United States, the progenitor of which is illegal bootlegging racing. A powerful engine is hidden under light bodies, stylized as civilian cars, and the pilot is reliably protected by a safety cage. At each of the 36 racing stages of the year, cars turn left all the time on the ring track and try not to crash into the stands or rivals. Wheel explosions, car crashes, crashes into a concrete wall at speed, and fights after the finish line - that's all NASCAR. And the coolest pilot is Richard "King" Petty, who not only glorified these races, but also made them financially successful.
The Indy 500 (also Indianapolis 500 and The 500) claims to be the world's oldest regular auto race (although we believe it's the Sicilian Targa Florio), it's one of the most prestigious circuit races in the world and has been running since 1911. A distance of 500 miles of cars pass along the track, nicknamed the "old brick": for a long time the surface was made of bricks, which now remain only at the start-finish line. On Pole Day, after the qualifying heats, the order of drivers at the start is determined; on Push-Out Day, the losers are eliminated. Before the race, the owners of the track say "Gentlemen, start the engines!" (and ladies, if any). Millions of viewers from different countries watch the broadcasts of the Indy 500 races on TV, and already at the end of May you will be able to see everything with your own eyes, including a unique tradition: the leader at the finish line does not drink champagne, as in other races, but milk. But he receives a million dollars as a reward, so you can be patient.
Here it is, the famous track in Indianapolis. Photo: Doug Mathews/www.indianapolismotorspeedway.com
No. 2. Rally
Track:
mostly closed public roads.
Coating:asphalt, soil, gravel, ice, snow, sand, stones.
Rules.Any rally is both an exam and a lottery. On the track there are stages on ordinary roads, special stages and even super special stages - they are more difficult, and it is there that there is a serious struggle for skill and time. There are no seasonal barriers, so it is not always clear in advance what kind of surface the pilots will meet on the way from point A to point B. Of course, in the rally there is a detailed description of the route - a transcript, which is voiced by the navigator. But from the fact that you are kindly informed about the springboard or the pit ahead, somehow it doesn’t get any easier. The main competition in this category is the WRC (World Rally Championship) - the world rally championship under the auspices of the FIA, which is held at any time of the year.
Russian Rally Championship- a sequel to the Soviet racing series, the main tournament project of the Russian Automobile Federation and the opportunity to get, along with the title of the best racer in the country, a pass to big motorsport. The conditions are generally simple: your car has all the documents in order, and you yourself removed the yellow “U” sticker from the rear window a long time ago, received a RAF license and are ready to go through all the stages with maximum profit.
In the same paragraph, we will also mention rally raids, although they have little in common with rallies. The length of such races is measured in thousands of kilometers, they often pass through the territory of several countries and last for weeks. You can read our report on the Silk Way rally-raid.
Dakar is the former Paris-Dakar rally-raid, now held in South America, an annual transcontinental marathon in which professionals and amateurs compete in different classes, from cars to ATVs and trucks (in the latter, the traditional favorite is the Russian team " KAMAZ-master"). Each participant has a navigator, a GPS tracker in case of an emergency and a "legend" - a map on which to move. Cheaters are shamefully removed from the race, but this rarely happens - there are few people who want to go to a foggy future through dunes and stones. The winner will be the one who comes first and does not break on the way - both literally and figuratively. Throughout the days of the race, drivers and cars are working to the limit of their capabilities, and all breakdowns have to be fixed at night instead of well-deserved hours of sleep. That is why in the Dakar racers are often taken off the track to a hospital bed - to recuperate.
"KAMAZ-master" on the "Dakar". Photo: Eric Vargiolu/DPPI
Budapest - Bamako(or Great African Run) - the world's largest amateur rally from Hungary to Mali under the motto "Anyone, anything, anyway". There are no conditions: the composition of the crew, the type of transport, the accuracy of the route and time are not important, and you can even walk to the finish line. The main thing is to help starving African children and other poor along the way. No, this is not a bearded joke, but the meaning of the whole action: the rally participants, for example, donated an ambulance to a hospital in Mali, dug a well in the village, bought medicines for a clinic in the slums, textbooks for children and bicycles for women who travel far to work. For the best help, Mother Teresa's award is due - not that everything was done for her sake, but it's nice, right?
Run Budapest - Bamako, 2016. Photo: BudapestBamako
No. 3. Trophy
Trophy Ladoga Forest, 2017. Photo: www.ladoga-trophy.ru
Track:
rugged terrain.
Coating:swamps, rivers, windbreak, virgin snow, mud.
Rules.Pilots of trophy-raids do not consider Russian roads a disaster: when the RAF Committee chooses a route according to the principle “the worse, the better”, it has more than enough options. This is the territory of all-wheel drive, high ground clearance, mud wheels and differential locks. Pilots on trained off-road vehicles, motorcycles and ATVs must pass the obstacle course without delay, errors and breakdowns. The last condition is not easy to fulfill: on the linear and navigation special stages, the probability of accidents and forced stops exceeds 146%, so the crews are equipped with shovels, hijacks, winches, cables and fearless navigators ready to get into the mud up to their waists. Trophy is one of the few tournaments where it is customary to help a competitor: if he drowns in a swamp because you drove past, no victory will fix it.
Expedition Trophy- the world's longest winter rally, in which cold and logic tasks are added to the virgin impassability. You need to navigate, drive, overtake, look for waypoints and live in field conditions for two whole weeks, moving from Murmansk to Vladivostok. In 2015, the race was decided to be held every five years, and if everything goes according to plan, the next one will take place in 2020. The promised prize for the winner is $100,000. There are smaller analogues of the Expedition-Trophy abroad: in Croatia (Croatia-Trophy), New Zealand (Outback Challenge), Ukraine (Ukraine-Trophy) and Malaysia (Rainforest Challenge).
Expedition Trophy, 2015. Photo: expedition-trophy.ru
Ladoga-Trophy - a raid with a start and finish on St. Isaac's Square in St. Petersburg. Competitors on advanced motorcycles, trophy bikes, ATVs and off-road vehicles must cover a 1200 km course, of which difficult special stages cover 150-400 km depending on the route in the legend. There are nine categories in Ladoga, including ATVs, sports and tourism, this year the trophy-raid in Karelia and the Leningrad Region will take place from May 26 to June 3.
Ladoga Forest 2017
Susanin-Trophy is an international raid made in Kostroma, which is supported by local media and the administration of the region, and the list of one hundred participating crews includes Belarusian, Georgian, Kazakh and Russian teams from different cities. One of the public's favorite features is the "viewpoints": these are banners that jeepers must reach at a time determined by the legend and touch them with their hands without leaving the car. The navigator takes a proof photo, and the audience can get into the frame and, at the same time, into the history of the trophy raid. As in the Budapest-Bamako rally, Susanin-Trophy has a charitable component: since 2009, participants have been helping one of the region's orphanages, and every year a new one.
#4 Endurance Racing
"24 Hours of Le Mans", 2017
Track:
indoor racing tracks.
Coating: Rules.The name speaks for itself: you need to demonstrate not only skill, but also the fortitude of the spirit and body. And technicians! Like mere mortals, pilots have needs like food and sleep, but when it comes to racing, road, speed, and following the rules come first. Two classes of prototypes and two touring cars - GT participate in the world championship. At pit stops, pilots change and check the condition of the cars: it is necessary to pass the track first in its class, but breakdowns interfere, which sometimes have to be fixed for an hour or more.
The 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 Heures du Mans) is the world's oldest endurance race, which has been taking place in France at the Sarte circuit since 1923. The winner is the crew that was able to cover the greatest distance in 24 hours, because the goal of this race has always been the same - to determine the most reliable and economical car. The race is held in the summer, and the matter is often complicated by the heat, but no difficulties stop those who want to put on the symbolic “Triple Crown” of endurance racing, winning also the “24 Hours of Daytona” and “12 Hours of Sebring”. By the way, Le Mans races are also included in the triple combo of all motorsport: this is a victory in them, Formula 1 and IndyCar races. The authority of the 24 Hours of Le Mans is such that winning this race is considered by many drivers and teams to be more important than winning the entire World Championship.
24 Hours of Spa - the annual race of the Royal Automobile Club of Belgium on the track Spa - Francorchamps, the second oldest after the French daily race of pilots. It was first held in 1924. Racers rush along the seven-kilometer ring, trying to save the car and get ahead of their rivals, overcome weather conditions, fatigue and hunger. "24 Hours Spa" is not at all the spa that the girls talk about: it will not work to relax.
24 hours Nurburgring- a race that has existed since 1970 and is supported by the largest in Europe (and in the world!) German car club ADAC. The Nordschleife of the Nürburgring is called the "Green Hell" for a reason - it is one of the most dangerous tracks in the world. The start on the Nordschleife, which is divided into three groups, includes 220 sports cars. There are about eight hundred riders, three to six people per crew, each of which has the right to spend no more than two and a half hours behind the wheel. By the way, the "Green Hell" in 1996 was conquered by the racer Sabina Schmitz, and a year later she again accepted his challenge - and won.
Speed has long attracted people and forced them not to stop there. A little over a hundred years ago, racing at a speed of 30 km / h was called insanity, and today's race cars easily develop 10 times faster rates and even aim at the line of 400 km / h! Of course, it is not easy to buy such cars - most of the racing equipment is available only to the richest people in the world. Some machines are even created in a single quantity, which is a reason for the special pride of their owners. What racing cars of our time are considered the best - we will try to give an answer to this question by making a speed rating.
The Swedish hypercar is a representative of the old school, so there is no smell of any electric motors here. Its main advantage is an eight-cylinder turbocharged five-liter power unit running on E85 bioethanol and capable of developing a fantastic 1360 “horses”. If we compare this figure with the weight of the car (1390 kg), then we get about 1 d.s. per kilogram. This indicator was achieved by the maximum reduction in the weight of the car - even the wheels are made of carbon fiber.
The machine is a record holder in various disciplines. For example, in the exercise 0-400-0, which is available to a very small number of vehicles, because for this you must first join the "400 club". However, in this discipline the Agera managed 36.45 seconds, improving the Bugatti Chiron by more than 5 seconds - an outstanding achievement!
Further more. In tests conducted on US Highway 160, the hypercar in two races showed first 437 km / h, and on the way back - 457. According to the rules, the resulting value is the arithmetic average of these races (conducted to level the influence of the wind), so now the current official speed record for a production sports car is 447 km/h. Up to a hundred, the Scandinavian hypercar accelerates in 2.8 seconds, and its cost is $ 1.5 million.
- Lamborghini Miura;
- Mercedes 300SL;
- Ferrari Testarossa;
- Jaguar XK 200.
Each of the named racing cars of previous years has a historical value that will appear in modern supercars only after a few decades. In addition, it is also impossible to call them the fastest, since there are faster vehicles in the world on which official speed records were set. Therefore, while modern racing cars are expensive toys designed for rare trips to the track.
The first attempts to create machines capable of transporting people date back to the end of the 18th century. Long-term research in this area led to the creation of the first car with an internal combustion engine. This significant discovery was made by German engineers Daimler and Benz in 1885, which marked the beginning of the automobile era.
The rapid development of science and technology made it impossible to stand still in the evolution of machines. In addition to the rapidity of cars, designers began to work on other indicators: strength, reliability, ease of control, ease of construction, engine efficiency. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the achievements of racing cars were tested in France, which became the center of motorsport. Speeds increased to 40 km/h, the first records were recorded - 124 km/h.
After the end of the First World War, a new stage in the development of racing cars began. Young Soviet Russia zealously joined the rivalry, where in 1924 the first Soviet car was assembled by the designers of the Likhachev Plant. A whole galaxy of eminent racers appeared, speaking only on domestic cars.
The rapid development of rallies and approaches to their organization occurred in the second half of the twentieth century. Distances during competitions have increased, racing associations have begun to actively operate in most countries. The constant competition between the largest automobile concerns forced to implement new ideas, achievements, developments.
Over the long history of the development of racing cars, many curious cases have occurred, and interesting facts have accumulated:
