It is believed that the first speed record belongs to the French driver and designer Emile Levassor, who set it during the Paris-Bordeaux race. The whole world remembers his phrase, which served as the beginning of the desire for high speeds: “We gave out thirty kilometers per hour! It was real madness!” But in 1895 official rules the definition of record indicators has not yet been, therefore, formally, the French engineer was left without the status of a pioneer.
And he went to Count Gaston de Chasselus-Loba, who took care of registering his achievement. The car, developed by designer Charles Jeantot, accelerated to 63 km / h at a distance of 1 kilometer. The title of the record holder was decided to be taken by his eternal rival - professional race car driver Camille Zhenatzi, who accelerated to 66 km / h in just a few days. This is how the long-term confrontation began, during which the cars continued to improve and receive more and more improved power units, as well as aerodynamic bodies. In 1899, the Comte de Chasselus-Loba finally managed to significantly outrun the enemy, reaching 92.7 km / h - then such a speed was considered simply unattainable.
But just two months later, Camille Zhenatzi set the first landmark speed record by car - he overcame the line of 100 km / h, exceeding it by 5 kilometers. His incredible success he owed much to the new vehicle, the Perpetually Discontented, which was equipped with electric motors and had a streamlined body made of alloyed aluminum alloy.
Surprisingly, the next milestone was first overcome by steam transport, which has not yet been completely written off - in 1906, racer Fred Marriot in a Stanley car accelerated to 205 km / h. Engines internal combustion, then still very imperfect, could not reach such a record. But in 1909, a Blitzen Benz car driven by Victor Emery on the Brookland track in Great Britain showed a result of 202 km / h. Two more years later, Robert Burman set the next world speed record, using a car with an internal combustion engine - he reached a value of 228 km / h.
The next world speed record was set by Henry Seagrew, who used a Sunbeam "The Slug" 1000 hp car, equipped with two aircraft engines with a total power of 900 Horse power. On the Daytona Beach track in 1927, he accelerated to 327 km / h, which allowed him to simultaneously exceed the milestone in miles - 200 per hour. Interestingly, unlike the pre-existing prototypes, this car was not at all light - its total starting weight exceeded 4 tons!
Another famous racer, Malcolm Campbell, who had previously unsuccessfully tried to set the world speed record on the Blue Bird car equipped with a Napier engine, could not come to terms with the championship of Sigreva. In 1931, Campbell brought a new generation of his famous car, which had the name Campbell-Napier-Railton. During two races, he showed a speed of 396 km / h, just a little short of the next threshold. However, a year later, he returned with a slightly modified car, and reached a speed of 404 km / h, officially writing his name in history and receiving the title of knight.
However, internal combustion engines soon had to make room, giving way to more powerful jet turbines. But until this happened, the American John Ayston took advantage of the maximum available power of the internal combustion engine at that time, installing two Rolls-Royce aircraft engines with a capacity of 5000 horsepower on his car. In 1937 his record car reached a speed of 502 km / h, driving several times along the bottom of the dried-up Lake Bonneville. In 1939, this record was raised to 575 km / h, but Ayston refused further competition, and soon he was overtaken by the racer John Cobb, who showed the result first at 595 and then at 640 km / h.
After World War II, most racers switched to jet engines, which seemed to them more promising. And indeed, on the same dry Lake Bonneville, the American Harry Gabelich in 1970 accelerated to a speed of 1014 km / h. Such a car, called the Blue Flame, was equipped with a single jet turbine, the thrust of which reached about 22 thousand horsepower. In 1979, it was claimed that stuntman Stanley Barrett had broken the speed of sound, but the rider did not want to make a second run according to the rules for setting records, and the army specialists involved in the measurements did not enter his achievement in the protocols.
To date maximum record car speed belongs to the Thrust SSC supersonic vehicle, which showed a result of 1228 km / h. The corresponding confirmation record was made in 1997, when the car entered the track in the Black Rock Desert of the USA. The car was equipped with two Rolls-Royce Spey turbofan engines operating in afterburner mode - their total power reached 110 thousand horsepower. Especially for driving such an incredible vehicle, the pilot of the Royal Air Force of Great Britain Andy Green, who is the holder of the title of the fastest driver, was invited.
The first officially registered absolute speed record - 63.149 km / h - was set on December 18, 1898 by Count Gaston de Chaslus-Loba on an electric car designed by Charles Jeantot at a distance of 1 km.
On April 29, 1899, the Belgian Camille Zhenatzi was the first to cross the 100-kilometer milestone. developed a speed of 105.876 km / h.
The 200-kilometer speed limit was reached in 1911 by the racer R. Burman. In 1911, in a Benz car, he showed 228.04 km / h.
The 300-kilometer speed was first achieved by H. O. D. Sigrev in 1927. On a Sunbeam car, he showed 327.89 km / h.
The 400-kilometer speed limit was first “stepped over” by Malcolm Campbell in a Napier-Campbell car in 1932 (408.63 km / h).
The 500-kilometer speed limit was overcome in 1937 by John Aiston in a Rolls-Royce-Aiston car (502.43 km / h).
The 1000-kilometer speed limit was first overcome on October 23, 1970 by the American Harry Gabelich on rocket car"Blue Flame" on the dry salt lake Bonneville, showing an average speed of 1014.3 km / h. "Blue Flame" had a length of 11.3 m and a weight of 2250 kg.
The most high speed in the world - 1229.78 km / h on the ground vehicle - jet car(Thrust SSC) was shown by Englishman Andy Green on October 15, 1997. average speed on two races was 1226.522 km/h. The 21-kilometer track was marked at the bottom of a dried-up lake in the state of Nevada (USA). Green's crew was propelled by two turbojet engines"Rolls-Royce - Spey" with a total capacity of 110 thousand horsepower.
The highest speed that has developed on car woman, is equal to 843.323 km / h. It was shown in December 1976 by an American Kitty Humbleton on a three-wheeled car S.M. Motivator, with a capacity of 48 thousand. l.c. in the Alvard Desert, Oregon, USA. In the sum of two races in two directions, her official record is 825.126 km / h.
The highest speed for a steam car was achieved in August 2009 by a car designed by a group of British engineers. Medium maximum speed new car in two races was 139.843 miles per hour, or 223.748 kilometers per hour. In the first race, the car reached a speed of 136.103 miles per hour (217.7 kilometers per hour), and in the second - 151.085 miles per hour (241.7 kilometers per hour). The steam car is equipped with 12 boilers in which water is heated by combustion. natural gas. From the boilers, steam under pressure, at a speed twice the speed of sound, is fed into the turbine. About 40 liters of water are evaporated in the boilers per minute. general power power plant is 360 horsepower.
The fastest mass-produced passenger car is Bugatti Veyron Super Sport. On July 4, 2010, on the Volkswagen test track, pilot Pierre Henri Rafanel reached a speed of 427.933 km/h in the first run in one direction, and in the second run in the opposite direction, the car accelerated to 434.211 km/h. The result stunned even the creators of the car, who counted on an approximate maximum speed of 425 km / h. The races were attended by a representative of the German Technical Inspection Agency of Germany and representatives of the Guinness Book of Records, who recorded a new maximum speed record of 431.072 km / h (268 miles), which is the average between two attempts. According to official data from the manufacturer, it accelerates to 100 km/h in 2.5 seconds, 200 km/h in 6.7 seconds, 300 km/h in 14.6 seconds, and 400 km/h in 55.6 seconds. The car is equipped with a W-shaped 16-cylinder 64-valve engine with four turbochargers with a displacement of 7993 cm². Maximum possible power 1200 hp at 6000 rpm.
Most fast car working on diesel fuel- Mercedes-Benz C111-III with an engine displacement of 3 liters and a power of 230 hp. During tests on the Nardo track in southern Italy, October 5-15, 1978, he reached a speed of 327.3 km / h.
The fastest serial diesel a car- BMW 325tds has a top speed of 214 km/h. It is equipped with a 2.5 liter turbocharged 6-cylinder diesel engine. Engine power - 143 hp Average consumption fuel 6.5 liters per 100 km.
Speed record for a car with wheel drive: 737.395 km / h. Modern record crews are equipped with turbojet or rocket engines; in the same category, the engine must turn the wheels. The record was set on October 18, 2001 by Don Vesco in a Turbinator car on Lake Bonneville.
The first car to be able to hit 1,000 mph (1,609 km/h) should be the Bloodhound SSC. The car will be equipped with three engines: hybrid rocket engine, the Eurojet EJ200 jet engine installed on the Eurofighter Typhoon fighter, and the 800-horsepower 12-cylinder V-twin Gas engine, pumping fuel and providing electrical and hydraulic power to the aircraft and rocket. On July 19, 2010, at the Farnborough International Air Show, which opened on the outskirts of London, a full-size layout of the Bloodhound SSC was presented. If all goes as planned, the Bloodhound SSC will set a new world land speed record (for manned crews) in 2011.
Bluebird Electric speed records
Sir Malcolm Campbell broke the world speed record nine times various cars bluebird. On the sandy coast of Wales Pendine Sands, he set the following records:
- On September 25, 1924, Campbell set a record of 146.16 mph in a Sunbeam car.
- On July 21, 1925, he reached a speed of 242.79 km / h, breaking the line of 150 miles per hour.
In the future, Campbell abandoned Sunbeam cars and built cars of his own design.
- In early 1927, Campbell on Pendina Beach (Great Britain) raised the speed record to 281 km per hour.
A year later, Campbell went to the start with the new Blue Bird. There, in Daytona, he set a record of 333 km / h.
- In 1935, at Lake Bonneville, Utah, he reached a speed of 301.12 miles per hour or 484.620 km/h.
Campbell's latest record was set on Utah's famed Bonneville Salt Lake, discovering that the lake's salty surface was not only perfectly flat, but also provided excellent tire grip. Almost all subsequent speed records were set on Bonneville. After that, the already middle-aged Campbell (he was 49 years old) left the sport, however, in 1940 he broke the world water speed record. Campbell's record was 237 km/h.
- His son, Donald, continued the tradition and broke the 400 mph barrier in a Bluebird.
Campbell first appeared on new car BluebirdCN7 to launch in 1960 at Bonneville. And one of the races almost ended in disaster: the car flew into the air at full speed, rolled over and hit the ground. Contrary to expectations, the rider got off light scratches. Having completely rebuilt the Bluebird and attached a high keel to it for better exchange rate stability, Campbell took her to Australia, to the salt lake Eyre, deciding that the Bonneville track was no longer suitable for such speeds. As a result, Campbell managed to break the record only in 1964. It was 403 miles per hour (648 km/h). When designing the machine, Campbell had hoped for much more. But he must have been happy about that, especially since now he was officially listed as the fastest racer on the planet.
- Don Wales now holds the world speed record. He set two American national records and eight UK records. Wells, following Campbell, continued to set records, the first of which was the speed record for a car in 1998.
- In 2009, he set the current speed record for steam car 148 km/h
- In August 2011, Don Wells set a new record - he overcame the milestone of 500 km / h.
In total, 27 speed records were set on the Bluebird car, 9 of them using Castrol oil.
Notes
Links
- Land speed records at the International Automobile Federation website
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
Many of us dream of setting our own speed record, but this usually comes with some hurdles, such as paying a speeding ticket. And yes, it's just dangerous.
As for professional racers, they do it in specially designated places under the supervision of professional mechanics, doctors and, of course, representatives of the committee, who, in fact, fix speed records. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the ten most interesting records set both on land and on water.
1. Land speed record
Absolute record ground speed was set on October 15, 1997 by Andy Green, an RAF pilot. He did it on the Black Rock Desert with jet engine TurboSSC. He became the first driver to reach supersonic speed and pass sound barrier. Recall that the speed of sound is 1225 km / h, and Andy was able to accelerate to 1228 km / h.2. underwater speed record
Usually such information is kept in the strictest confidence, since such records are set mainly by submarines, and this is a state secret. Therefore, there is only unofficial data on this subject. In 1965, the American Gato Albacore class submarine showed a speed in the region of 61 km/h or 33 knots. As for our submarines, the fastest on this moment it is considered, again according to unofficial data, a Shark-class submarine with a speed of 64 km / h. It is noteworthy that her predecessor, the Alpha-class submarine, could reach speeds of up to 82.7 km/h. 
3. Speed record on a motorcycle
American Bill Warner broke the world speed record by speeding up to 502 km/h on a tuned Suzuki GSX1300R Hayabusa bike.
For the race, which was held on the 2.4-kilometer runway of the US Air Force Base in Limestone, Maine, Wild Brothers Racing prepared upgraded version motorcycle, which is considered the fastest production bike in the world.
The modified motorcycle was equipped with a 1299 cc engine with a Garrett turbocharger. 1000 hp motor (the standard Suzuki Hayabusa has only 197 hp) runs on methanol. One only power unit costs about 160 thousand dollars.
In addition, the motorcycle aerodynamic kit, improved gearbox, clutch, exhaust system, rear suspension and other brakes. Suzuki has also been fitted with BST full carbon wheels, which will soon be available for serial motorcycles, With Continental tires 120/70 front and 240/40 rear.
The previous motorcycle speed record (448 km/h) also belonged to Warner. Prior to this, the record belonged to Dean Sabatinelli, who on a motorcycle managed to reach a speed of 431 km / h. 
4. The fastest boat
In this story the most interesting fact we can say that the fastest boat was built almost "on the knee". Australian racing driver Ken Warby made it in his backyard. And the record itself was set on October 8, 1978 and amounted to 513 km / h. In doing so, he broke his own record set a year earlier. Then the speed was fixed at around 467 km / h. 
5. The fastest sailboat
The fastest sailing ship, or rather a surfboard with a sail attached to it, popularly referred to as windsurfing, belongs to the world champion in this species sport to Fanion Maynard. He set his own record in France in April 2005, beating his own set in November 2004. The first was 86.7 km / h, the new one was 90 km / h. 
6. The fastest catamaran
Led by the French yachtsman Bruno Peiron, the Orange II, only 38 meters long, in July 2006, during the regatta, was able to accelerate to a speed of 51.5 km / h. It is noteworthy that the Orange II team in 2005 on the same ship made trip around the world, which took 50 days, 16 hours and 20 minutes. 
7. The fastest train
In this category, the first place belongs to the French TGV, which is currently the fastest operating train in the world. In April 2007, during testing, he was able to reach 575 km / h. This is about the classic train. If we take into account magnetic levitation trains, then in this category the Japanese JR-Maglev is the leader, which was able to accelerate to 581 km/h. But there is another category - toy trains. The fastest of them can develop up to 10 km / h. 
Japanese train JR-Maglev 
8. The fastest cyclist
Yes, and in this category there are champions. Fred Rompelberg in 1995 was able to accelerate to 269 km / h. It seems unrealistic, but this is a recorded result. He did this by squatting behind the car, hitting the so-called aerodynamic bag. 
9. The fastest steam car
The British Steam Car Challenge project brought together enthusiasts turned (in a good way) on speed and on steam cars. The team first met in 1999 and since then dreamed of a record. At the beginning of August of this year, the first test run took place, and even then it was possible to disperse the British Steam to 210.8 km / h. It turns out that the record of 205.44 km / h, set by Fred Marriott on the Stanley Rocket, which has held since 1906, has fallen. But due to some hitch, it was not officially registered. After that, another race was held on the territory of the Edwards Air Force Base. And what is most pleasant for the creators of the steam car, they managed to overcome their own previous achievement. The new official record is 225.055 km/h. 
10. The fastest electric car
There is an opinion that electric cars are necessarily very slow, but this certainly cannot be said about the Buckeye Bullet. This car is designed and built by Ohio State University students. The record was set on October 13, 2004 at the Bonneville salt lake and amounted to 437 km / h. Apparently, the driver of this car, Roger Schroer, was somewhat dissatisfied with the result, and two days later, that is, on October 15, 2004, he repeated his race and was able to reach the mark of 506 km / h. This figure was recorded in the book of records. 
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