Nearly thirty years ago, the legendary Lee Iacocca predicted that by the turn of the 21st century there would be only a few automakers left in the world. The former president of Ford and Chrysler saw the trends in the development of the global automotive industry perfectly, and therefore it is not surprising that his predictions were almost completely confirmed. 
It only seems that there are many independent automakers in the world. In fact, the vast majority automobile firms are members of various groups and alliances. To be more precise, Lee Iacocca turned out to be right about everything - at present there are really only a few large automakers left in the world, which have actually divided the global automotive market among themselves.
As for the former place of work of Lee Iacocca - Ford and Chrysler, these pillars of the American auto industry, along with General Motors, suffered the most serious losses during the economic crisis, and they did not know such losses in their entire history. General Motors and Chrysler went bankrupt, and Ford survived only by a miracle. However, survival was paid very expensive price. Ford lost its premium division of the Premiere Automotive Group, which included Jaguar, Volvo and Land Rover. In addition, Ford was forced to sell the English manufacturer of supercars. Aston Martin, get rid of a controlling stake in Mazda and liquidate the Mercury brand. Currently, only two brands remain from the once huge Ford empire - Ford itself and Lincoln.
General Motors suffered no less serious losses. The Americans lost SAAB, Hummer, Saturn, but, despite the bankruptcy, they were able to defend Opel and the most valuable brand - Daewoo. General Motors currently includes Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden and Vauxhall. Plus, the American concern has a Russian joint venture GM-AvtoVAZ, which produces Chevrolet SUVs Niva.
As for Chrysler, the American concern is now a strategic partner of Fiat, which has already collected under its "wing" such brands as Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Maserati, Lancia. Now Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge and Ram have been added to them.
The situation in Europe is quite different than in America. The crisis also made adjustments to the balance of power, but this did not affect the position of the giants of the European auto industry. Volkswagen continues to add to its collection of brands by acquiring Porsche in 2009. Now the Volkswagen Group includes nine brands - Volkswagen, Audi, Porsche, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Skoda, Seat and truck manufacturer Scania. It is possible that Suzuki will soon supplement this company - in 2009, the Volkswagen Group bought a 20% stake in Suzuki Motor.
Two other major German automakers, Daimler AG and BMW, cannot boast of such an abundance of brands. Daimler AG produces cars under the brands Mercedes, Maybach and Smart, and BMW, in addition to the brand of the same name, also owns Rolls-Royce and Mini.
Another world's largest automaker is the Renault-Nissan alliance, which owns such brands as Renault, Dacia, Nissan, Infiniti, Samsung. In addition, Renault owns a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ, so from now on the Lada brand also enters the orbit of influence of the French-Japanese alliance.
Another major French automaker is PSA concern owns brands Citroen and Peugeot.
Of all the Japanese automakers, only Toyota boasts a good "collection" of brands - Lexus, Scion, Daihatsu and Subaru. In addition, in the composition Toyota Motor includes truck manufacturer Hino.
Honda's achievement is much more modest. In addition to the premium brand Acura and the motorcycle department, the Japanese have nothing else to brag about.
IN last years The Hyundai-Kia alliance is rapidly becoming one of the leaders in the global automotive industry. The alliance currently manufactures cars under brands Hyundai and Kia, but in the near future, the Koreans plan to create a premium brand. According to unconfirmed information, it will be called Genesis.
Of the mergers and acquisitions of recent years, I would like to note the transition Volvo brands under the control of the Chinese Geely and the purchase of the Indian Tata Motor English premium brands– Jaguar and Land Rover. Most curious in this series is the acquisition by the tiny Dutch supercar manufacturer Spyker of the Swedish brand SAAB.
From the once powerful British car industry now there are only memories. The most famous British automakers have long lost their independence, but even small English firms have passed to foreign owners. The legendary Lotus firm is owned by the Malaysian Proton, and MG bought Chinese company SAIC. At the same time, SAIC sold Korean SsangYong Motor to the Indian automaker Mahindra&Mahindra.
All these acquisitions, mergers, alliances and strategic partnerships once again prove the correctness of Lee Iacocca. IN modern world Single firms can no longer survive. There are, of course, exceptions such as the English Morgan, Japanese Mitsuoka or the same Malaysian Proton. But these firms are independent in the full sense of the word. Absolutely nothing depends on them in the global automotive industry. But in order to sell hundreds of thousands of cars a year, not to mention millions, you need to have very strong “rear”. Which are provided either by partners, as in the case of the Renault-Nissan alliance, or by a whole brood of brands, as the Volkswagen Group practices. But firms such as Mazda or Mitsubishi will experience more and more difficulties in the future. And if Mitsubishi partners from PSA are ready to provide all possible assistance, then Mazda has to deal with all the hardships alone. And this is becoming more and more difficult every day in the modern world. What Lee Iacocca warned about thirty years ago.
Our world is rapidly changing. Everything that was popular yesterday may suddenly lose interest among the public today. Time changes everything around us. The same applies to the automotive world. Even yesterday, many seemed fantastic, and today we sometimes don’t even think about how complex modern cars have become.
But along with the development of the automotive industry, the alignment of forces in the car market is changing. For example, until recently Korean cars nobody took it seriously. Today they compete on equal terms with many European and Japanese brands.
In this complex modern reality, it is sometimes difficult to keep track of everything. For example, do you know which automakers own famous cars brands? Did you know that Deutsche Mark " Opel has long been owned by an American company. Or what's legendary swedish brand « Volvo» is now wholly owned by a Chinese corporation?
Let's find out what the global automotive industry looks like. To do this, we sorted all known car brands by the corporations to which they belong. Thanks to our catalog, you will be able to find out which car brand belongs to a particular car company.
Japanese automakers
Toyota Motor Vehicle Brands
- one of the largest corporations in the world, which is engaged in the industrial production of vehicles. For several years, Toyota has been the most a major manufacturer cars in the world.
The main business of Toyota Motor is the production of passenger cars, trucks and buses, which are produced under different brands. Here is a list of car brands that belong to the Toyota Motor concern:
, Daihatsu, Hino, Ranz, (Scion - brand ceased to exist in 2016)
Automotive Brands of Honda Motor Company
It is the world's leading manufacturer of motorcycles and automobiles. The main divisions of the company are engaged in the development and production of various motorcycles, ranging from mopeds to sports bikes. Recently, the company has become a world leader in the production of ATVs.
But, despite the clear emphasis on the production of motorcycles and other motorcycles, the Japanese company Honda Motor is also one of the largest in the automotive industry. Every year, the Japanese automaker produces many models of cars.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Honda Motor Company:
acura,
Suzuki Motor Corporation
Japanese company Suzuki motor corporation"is one of the largest automotive corporations in the world. Suzuki Motor manufactures trucks and cars. Including the company is also a global manufacturer of motorcycles and boat engines.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Suzuki Motor Corporation:
maruti,
Mazda Motor
Mazda Motor is Japan's largest automaker and is also a major player in the global auto industry. The main activity of the company is the production of cars. The company's car factories are located in many countries of the world.
Mazda Motor produces cars under the brand:
Fuji Heavy Industries
Fuji Heavy Industries has been operating since 1917. During World War II, the company was the world's largest aircraft manufacturer. After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the Japanese corporation Fuji Heavy Industries, thanks to the merger of several companies, has become the largest automaker on the world stage.
Fuji Heavy Industries manufactures intercity buses, and . The company also produces military helicopters for the Japanese army. Including Japanese concern is a manufacturer of civilian helicopters known throughout the world.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Fuji Heavy Industries:
Renault-Nissan Alliance
Renault-Nissan Alliance is the world's largest automobile alliance two companies - Japanese company Nissan and French Renault. Through joint activities, the companies produce many car models around the world.
The Renault-Nissan Alliance is also a shareholder in a number of automotive brands in different countries peace. So, for example, in 2009, our Government offered Renault to jointly develop Avtovaz. As a result, the Renault-Nissan Alliance began to modernize production capacity car factory in Togliatti.
Thanks to investments and updating of production lines in recent years, several new models under the Lada brand have rolled off the assembly line of the plant, which have become popular in Russia.
, Dacia, Datsun, Samsung, Venucia
American automakers
General Motors
General Motors has been the world's largest automaker for 77 years. Unfortunately, due to the financial crisis in 2008, the company lost its leadership in the global car market. Today, General Motors ranks only 3rd in the world in terms of production and sales, behind such brands as Toyota (1st) and Volkswagen (2nd).
The General Motors company, which has the abbreviated name "GM", has production in 35 countries around the world. GM products are present in 192 countries around the world. This is one of the oldest car companies in the world, which has an amazing history.
Currently, the company produces cars under the following brands:
Alpheon, Baojun, Buick, GMC, Jie Fang, Holden, Ravon, Vauxhall, Wuling
Ford Motor Company
Currently, the American company "Ford" ranks fourth in the world among all global automakers. On American market the company ranks third in sales, second only to corporations such as General Motors and Toyota.
The company is currently the world's largest manufacturer cars, SUVs, crossovers and commercial transport. The production sites of the corporation are located in many countries of the world. Including in Russia, where the production of many popular models is localized.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Ford Motor Company:
Lincoln, Troller, FPV
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA Group)
"FCA Group" is a multinational automotive corporation, which today is the seventh largest among all global automotive concerns. This company was founded after the merger of Fiat with Chrysler in 2009.
The FCA Group Corporation is divided into several divisions: FCA Italy and FCA USA.
This group of automotive companies owns the following brands:
Abarth, Fiat, Lancia, Dodge, Ram Truck,
German automakers
Volkswagen AG (VW Group)
german automotive group Volkswagen AG owns a huge number of divisions around the world and other companies that are engaged in auto production. The VW Group is one of the leaders in the global automotive industry.
The company officially employs about 375,000 people. Car production under the management of Volkswagen AG is organized in more than 20 countries around the world. The main activity of the company is related to serial production automotive products.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Volkswagen AG (VW Group):
MAN AG
Daimler AG
The largest German automobile corporation Daimler AG is not only one of the leaders in the European car market, but also one of the top largest automobile companies in the world.
The company, in addition to the production of cars, is engaged in the production of trucks, various buses and motorcycles.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Daimler AG:
, Mercedes-Smart Automobile, Western Star, Thomas Built Buses, Setra, BharatBenz
BMW Group (Bayerische Motoren Werke AG)
The BMW Group is major automaker luxury cars, motorcycles and bicycles. This corporation is one of the leaders in the world sales of premium luxury cars.
Here is a list of car brands that belong to the BMW Group:
,
Russian automakers
Sollers
Sollers is the largest automobile corporation in Russia, which is engaged in the industrial production of vehicles of both Russian automobile brands (UAZ) and foreign ones (SsangYong, Ford, Toyota). In addition, Sollers manufactures trucks and commercial buses.
Here is a list of brands owned by Sollers:
Russian Machines Group
The Russian Machines Group is a major participant in the Russian car market. So the corporation, in addition to the production of aircraft and road construction equipment, is engaged in the production of cars under the GAZ brand.
Here is a list of car brands that belong to the Russian Machines group:
Indian automakers
Tata Motors
Tata Motors is a major global Indian automobile corporation that manufactures cars and trucks. The company also manufactures buses, commercial vans, military equipment And construction equipment. In terms of production and size, Tata Motors ranks 5th in the world.
In terms of production of cargo vehicles, the Indian Corporation ranks 4th in the world. But the most surprising thing is that Tata also occupies the 2nd place in the world in terms of production of bus vehicles.
Here is a list of car brands that belong to the Tata Motors group:
, Tata, Tata Daewoo
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited
Mahindra & Mahindra Limited is India's largest manufacturer of automobiles and tractors. Including this company produces special equipment for the military needs of the country, as well as many models of agricultural equipment.
It is worth noting that Mahindra & Mahindra Limited ranks first in the world in terms of tractor production.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Mahindra & Mahindra Limited:
SsangYong Mahindra
French automakers
PSA Group (Peugeot Citroën PSA)
"PSA Group" is the French Automobile Alliance, which is engaged in the production of passenger cars, crossovers, commercial vans (minibuses) and motorcycles. Including the Peugeot Citroën group produces engines for well-known companies in the car market: Citroën, Ford, Jaguar, Mini and Peugeot.
Here is a list of car brands that belong to the PSA Group:
.DS
Renault-Nissan Alliance
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by the Renault-Nissan Alliance:
, Dacia, Datsun, Infiniti, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Renault, Samsung, Venucia
Korean automakers
Hyundai-Kia Automotive Group
Hyundai-Kia Automotive Group is a South Korean automobile corporation, which ranks second in terms of production in Asia, second only to Toyota. The Hyundai-Kia Automotive Group is also the fourth largest automaker in the world after General Motors, Volkswagen Group and Toyota.
The main activity of the corporation in the automotive market is the production of cars, crossovers, SUVs, buses, commercial vehicles as well as trucks.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by the Hyundai-Kia Automotive Group:
,
Chinese automakers
Zhejiang Geely Holdings Group
Zhejiang Geely Holdings Group is one of the ten largest Chinese automobile companies. At the moment, the holding owns 9 automobile plants in China.
Beyond production ordinary cars the company is engaged in the production of cars for taxi transportation, motorcycles, engines, gearboxes. This company became known to the whole world after it bought the Swedish legendary car brand Volvo.
Here is a list of car brands that are owned by Zhejiang Geely Holdings Group:
Geely,
With the arrival of summer, it's time to think about changing your car to a more environmentally friendly and healthy vehicle - a bicycle. Moreover, for this it is not at all necessary to change your favorite brand.
Many automakers sell environmentally friendly products under their logo. vehicles one human power. Audi, BMW, Land Rover, Mini, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, Skoda and even Ferrari - all these companies are ready to satisfy the desire of their customers to switch from car to bicycle of the same brand. And although the sale of “pedal horses” for automakers is a side income that does not bring the same profit as the sale of cars, they are ready to invest a lot of money in this direction. What is it for? Mainly to ensure that the customer remains loyal to the brand even when he presses the pedal instead of the gas pedal chain drive your bike.
Two wheel exclusive
About 100 million bicycles are produced every year around the world - many times more than cars. But only a few of them carry the emblem of the car company on the frame. “Car” bicycles are an exclusive product and therefore not cheap. Although it all depends on what to compare. If with Chinese nameless consumer goods sold on every corner, then, indeed, such a “device” costs a lot. But if we compare the same products with similar products of world-famous bike brands, then the difference in overpayment for the brand will be minimal.
It is curious that the history of many auto companies is inextricably linked with the production of bicycles (Skoda began its activities 115 years ago in this direction), but only a few of them have retained their own bicycle production to this day. Now, most automakers prefer not to produce bicycles, placing an order on the side - from companies that have proven themselves in the bicycle market. But there are exceptions. So, Brand Peugeot has a division of Peugeot Cycles France, engaged in the production of bicycles for nearly 130 years. Peugeot Cycles France products are popular not only in France, but also far beyond its borders. It is also presented in Russia: a wide range of bicycle products, numbering several dozen (!) Models, can be found on the site cycles.peugeot.ru.
Prices for two-wheeled "fawns" vary significantly depending on the size and complexity of their design: for example, the simplest children's model costs 13,990 rubles, for an adult you will have to pay at least twenty, but an advanced cross-country or road model will cost 100-150 thousand rubles. "wooden". And this is not the limit: the latest Peugeot electric bike costs 200 thousand! It is clear that there are few people who want to buy such a miracle of technology, because for that kind of money you can look after a used small car of the same brand, and in very good condition. But, if this bike had a badge from a more famous brand, such as BMW, it would be much easier to “strangle the toad”.
Brand fee
Like Peugeot, the Bavarian automaker also prefers to produce bicycles on its own, although on a much smaller scale than their French counterparts. Bicycle products for BMW are not so much a source of profit, but an image product aimed at popularizing a healthy lifestyle among brand fans, as well as a tribute to traditions. Indeed, after the Second World War, it was the cycling direction that allowed the company to stay afloat. In devastated Germany, few could afford to buy and maintain a car, so cheap and unpretentious two-wheeled vehicles became the most popular means of transportation for the Germans and at the same time a lifesaver for the Bavarian concern, which gave it the opportunity to develop production in the territory occupied by the Allied forces.
Modern BMW bicycles bear little resemblance to their "great-grandfathers": they are much more technologically advanced and no longer as cheap as before. For example, a two-suspension hydroformed Enduro mountain model with an aluminum frame and hydraulic disc brakes costs 182,790 rubles in Russia, and a “cruise” version with a front shock absorber and a rich body kit ( Continental tires Cruise Contact, disc brakes 180 mm Shimano BR-M395, 30-speed transmission Shimano Deore) will cost “only” 57,920 rubles. Agree that against the background of the cost of Peugeot bicycles, the products of the Bavarian concern do not look overpriced, because here the client pays not only for the product itself (by the way, first-class), but also for the brand.
High tech
Audi, the equally well-known Bavarian automaker, also developed its own line of bicycles, but, unlike its counterparts from BMW, outsourced their production. The assembly of two-wheeled Audi was carried out by German company Merida & Centurion (its products are known to cyclists all over the world), and aluminum frames for them (jointly developed by Quattro GmbH and engineers at the Aluminum Center in Neckarsulm) were produced by ADP Engineering GmbH. The most advanced bike model under the logo of four woven rings is the Audi design Cross Pro RS. Such a “device”, developed in the design studio of the auto concern and equipped with the most advanced technologies, was offered by German dealers for 4 thousand euros.
Why do we speak in the past tense? Because now bicycles have disappeared from the Audi range: the company decided to focus on the production of electric bikes and even created a promising E-Bike with a carbon frame, but things did not go beyond the concept ...
But Mercedes-Benz is not going to abandon the production of two-wheeled models. Moreover, the company invests a lot of money in the development of such equipment, and it is designed with no less care than cars. In particular, the appearance of bicycles with a three-pointed star is being developed at the Mercedes-Benz Design Center in Sindelfingen. However, Mercedes does not have its own bicycle factory: with insignificant production volumes, it is simply unprofitable to maintain it. Therefore, as in the case of Audi, a reliable partner was found in the person of the aforementioned company ADP Engineering GmbH, whose specialists ate the dog in the production of premium bicycles. Look at the results joint work two German giants in their areas can be found on the website mercedes-benz.ru. Price spread - from 24,800 rubles. for a simple children's model up to 272,500 rubles. for a fancy mountain double suspension.
More expensive than money
Unlike a car, a bicycle is a less flashy and outrageous thing. It is much easier to prove your toughness driving an expensive SUV than an expensive bike. Therefore, even wealthy Mercedes-Benz owners, at the sight of a five-figure price tag on a bike of the same brand, are likely to pass by. Yes, Mercedes! How many Porsche owners would be willing to buy a carbon hardtail (i.e. without shock absorbers) RS model worth 348,124 rubles? The answer is obvious. But that is why the owner of such a “device” will be able to feel his uniqueness, which cannot be said about the owners Porsche cars, which on the roads of Moscow or St. Petersburg are no longer much less than the "Lada". And from this point of view, a bike for the price of a brand new Lada Granta seems like a better investment than buying a car for the same money.
By the way, if the price of three and a half hundred thousand rubles for a two-wheeled Porsche seems too high to you, know that this is not the limit! So, released in 2009 by the Dutch supercar manufacturer Spyker, the Koga Aeroblade bike with an aluminum front fork, a titanium frame, and carbon fiber wheels and fenders at the start of sales was estimated at a record $12,540. And given the limited edition of 50 copies, this bike has already passed into the category of collectors, and its price has become even higher. Against this background, the two-wheeled Maserati 8 CTF, produced jointly with the Italian company Montante, worth 3,600 euros (about 180,000 rubles) no longer seems wildly expensive, but Ferrari bikes, with average price less than a thousand dollars, generally look like real "state employees".
Volkswagen is currently the largest car manufacturer in Europe and the second largest in the world.
Today, the German group, which once started with the production of ultra-budget "Beetles", offers products for any buyer. All this thanks to the unification of several brands under a single management.
The group's corporate portfolio includes eight legendary brands, most of which at one time ended up in a difficult financial position. The companies were forced to make an alliance with the German manufacturer as it was a matter of their survival.
Volkswagen
The brand was founded by Adolf Hitler in 1938. Today it specializes in the mass segment. The most famous models: Golf, Passat, Polo, Tiguan.
Audi
Specializing in the premium segment. The brand was merged with Volkswagen in 1964. The most famous models: A4, A6, R8. In 1993 the manager Audi company AG acquired the Ducati and Lamborghini brands while remaining the property of Volkswagen.
Porsche
Specializes in premium and super premium segments. Although he was one of the founders of the first Volkswagen plant, the company he created joined the German giant only in 2007. Today the allies are each other's mutual shareholders. The most famous models: Cayenne, Panamera.
Bentley
In 1929, the English manufacturer of premium cars was sold to Rolls-Royce. In 1997 after the financial crisis Rolls-Royce brand was sold to BMW, and Brand Bentley got Volkswagen. The most famous models: Continental GT, Flying Spur.
Skoda
This stamp survived the German occupation, Soviet era and was merged with Volkswagen in 1991. Change of strategic partner allowed to increase production by 5 times. Today Skoda specializes in mass budget segment. The most famous models: Octavia, Fabia, Yeti.
SEAT
In 1986 due to financial difficulties Italian concern FIAT sold 99.9% of the shares of the Spanish automaker to the Volkswagen group. Today the brand specializes in the mass segment. The most famous models: Ibiza, Leon.
Lamborghini
At the turn of the 60-70s. last century Italian manufacturer sports cars changed owners several times. In 1998, the brand was bought by Audi AG and ended up under the wing of Volkswagen. The most famous models: Aventador, Huracan.
Bugatti
In 1956 this legendary brand actually ceased to exist. In the late 80s, the Italian entrepreneur Romano Artioli revived production and in 1998 sold the asset to the Volkswagen concern. Today the brand specializes in the super premium segment. The most famous model: Veyron.
What other companies belong to Volkswagen
- MAN- truck manufacturer truck tractors, dump trucks, buses, hybrid and diesel engines;
- Scania– manufacturer of trucks, truck tractors, dump trucks, buses and diesel engines;
- Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles– manufacturer of commercial vehicles (buses, minibuses, tractors);
- Ducati Motor– motorcycle manufacturer;
- ItalDesign Giugiaro- car design studio
For some time there were rumors about Volkswagen's intention to buy the Italian-American alliance Fiat-Chrysler in order to become the world's largest automaker, but this deal did not take place.
