Automotive Industry in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Automotive Industry - a branch of engineering that produces cars and trucks (including special-purpose vehicles), buses, trailers, and their parts, assemblies and assemblies. Arose in con. 19th century France, Germany, USA, UK. In Russia, serial production of automobiles began at the Russian-Baltic Plant; in total in 1909-15, St. 600 cars. The automotive industry is characterized by a high level of specialization, broad cooperation, advanced technology, including the use of conveyor assembly. Annually 40-45 million cars are produced in the world, of which St. 1/4 trucks and buses. OK. 1/2 of all new cars produced are used to replace those that fail due to wear and tear or obsolescence.
Definition of "Automotive Industry" by TSB:
Automotive industry - originated at the end of the 19th century. in a number of countries. In 1900, 4192 cars were produced in the USA, 2000 in France, 355 in Italy. The increase in the production of cars was facilitated by the development of a number of industries directly or indirectly related to their production and use: the oil industry (gasoline, diesel fuel, motor oils and lubricants), the chemical industry (varnishes, paints, body glass, tires, plastics), metallurgical ( special steel), textile, etc.
Prerevolutionary Russia did not have its own industrial production as a specialized branch of production. The Russian-Baltic car-building plant in Riga, which mastered the production of cars in 1908, during its work (before the evacuation in 1915) produced only 451 passenger cars and a small number of trucks and special vehicles. In August 1915, 5 companies appeared in Russia on the basis of a state loan, with the aim of organizing automobile production to meet the needs of the army. The construction of automobile plants was started: in Moscow - a plant of the Automobile Moscow Society (AMO), near Moscow - a plant of the board
Russo-Balta, in Rybinsk - the Russian Renault plant, in Yaroslavl - the plant of V. A. Lebedev, in Rostov-on-Don - Aksai. From the second half of 1916, all these plants were supposed to produce 6,750 cars and 3,750 trucks a year, but not a single plant had yet been fully built by that time.
In the USSR, the first 10 AMO-F-15 one and a half ton trucks were produced in 1924 at the AMO plant. In 1925, the production of cars began at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant. The development of AP in the USSR went through several stages. In the first period (1924-30), mainly trucks of individual and serial production were produced in small quantities (see Table 1).
| 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | |
| Freight | 10 | 116 | 366 | 475 | 740 | 1471 | 4019 |
| Cars | - | - | - | 3 | 50 | 156 | 160 |
| Buses | - | - | - | - | 51 | 85 | 47 |
| Total | 10 | 116 | 366 | 478 | 841 | 1712 | 4226 |
The production of passenger cars NAMI-1 was organized in 1927-28 in Moscow at the Spartak plant.
The second period (1931-41) is characterized by the organization of large-scale and mass production of automobiles, the creation of specialized automobile production. The industrialization of the country and the collectivization of agriculture significantly increased the need for road transport. In 1928-29, decisions were made to build car factories in Moscow and Gorky. October 1, 1931 was put into operation the Moscow Automobile Plant (AMO), now the automobile plant. Likhachev (ZIL), reconstructed for the production of 25 thousand 3-ton cars per year. On January 1, 1932, the Gorky Automobile Plant was put into operation, designed for 100 thousand cars a year. In 1932-33, work began on a further increase in the production capacity of automobile plants. Automobile production increased rapidly.
In 1932, the production of GAZ-A passenger cars began at the Gorky Automobile Plant (since 1936, M-1 passenger cars). In 1936, the production of 6-seater ZIS-101 passenger cars began at the Moscow Automobile Plant. Moscow Automobile Assembly Plant. KIM (1930) in 1938-39 was expanded and reconstructed for the mass production of small cars, by May 1, 1940, the first 3 samples were produced, and before the start of World War II, about 500 cars, called KIM-10. In 1933, the Moscow Automobile Plant produced a 21-seater ZIS-8 bus, in 1934 - an improved design of the ZIS-12 bus, and before the war - a bus for 26 passengers ZIS-16. Along with the development of the production of two-axle trucks, off-road vehicles were produced, from 1933 - three-axle trucks ZIS-6 with a carrying capacity of 2.5 tons (4 tons - on paved roads), in 1935 at the Gorky Automobile Plant - three-axle trucks GAZ-30 2 tons. In the same years, the production of dump trucks and chassis for specialized vehicles for various purposes was launched. (See Table 2.).
| 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | |
| Freight | 3,9 | 23,75 | 39,1 | 54,6 | 76,9 | 131,5 | 180,3 | 182,4 | 178,8 | 136,0 |
| Cars | - | 0,03 | 10,3 | 17,1 | 19,0 | 3,7 | 18,2 | 27,0 | 19,6 | 5,5 |
| Buses | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,3 | 0,7 | 0,8 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,7 | 3,3 | 3,9 |
| Total | 4 | 23,88 | 49,7 | 72,4 | 96,7 | 136,5 | 199,8 | 211,1 | 201,7 | 145,4 |
During the Great Patriotic War, the Ural Automobile Plant was built in Miass (Chelyabinsk Region) and its component plants - a press-forging plant in Chelyabinsk and an auto-aggregate plant in Shadrinsk (Kurgan Region). In 1942-43, the Ural Automobile Plant supplied automobile engines and gearboxes to Moscow and other automobile plants, and from July 1944 produced 3-ton trucks.
After the war, along with the reconstruction and expansion of existing factories, cars were built and began to be produced.
