In Russia, a couple of years ago, the number of cars with automatic transmission and manual transmission was about the same, although previous years saw a rapid increase in purchases of vehicles with a CVT. For comparison: in the USA, 94% of drivers drive "automatic machines", because they appeared much earlier than in our country. And it is not difficult to guess that the skills of driving a car with "mechanics" are practically lost there, which cannot be said about the Russian Federation. However, the younger generation, like women, already needs detailed instructions how to drive such cars. But before starting detailed description this process, first you need to name the reasons why cars with manual transmission in Russia are still popular:
Such transmissions are always equipped with powerful, sports cars;
Vehicles with mechanical box gears are cheaper;
- "mechanics" allows you to better feel the car and control it faster;
Equipping a vehicle with such a “box” saves fuel;
In terms of belt suitability, manual transmission is also preferable in comparison with automatic transmission, and it costs much less to restore the unit's performance.
The following instruction is addressed to everyone who wants to learn how to drive a car with "mechanics". And it doesn’t matter how old you are, what class you belong to vehicle what is its power and so on.
1. About transfers
Owning a car with a mechanical "box", you must work out the skill self-switching speeds to automatism. There is no electronics here, which, without the participation of the driver, equalizes the speed of rotation of the gears on the shaft of the box. But there is a clutch pedal, which, by pressing it with your foot, temporarily disables the transmission specifically in order to move the lever to the desired position and switch speed. Just remember: depress this pedal to the end! By the way, the majority of cars are equipped with 4-5-speed manual transmissions, in addition there is one reverse speed. Let's see what they are for.
"Neutral". should not be practiced until you understand what the controls are and what a neutral gear is. In essence, this is the position of the gear lever, indicating that the torque is not transmitted from the engine to the wheels, and the car cannot move. No matter how hard you push, nothing will happen. If you move the lever to another position with the clutch disengaged, then the speed will turn on.
First speed designed to be touched. While the engine is running increased speed, but you will not develop a speed of more than 15-20 km per hour. Yes, this is not necessary, you will just burn excess fuel. Therefore, almost immediately you need to turn on the second gear.
Second speed - This workhorse, which allows you to go down the slope and maneuver in the traffic jam. It is transitional to the so-called reduced 3-5 gears, allowing you to develop more high speed. We will not focus on them, since they switch in the same way.
Reverse gear allows to develop great speed in comparison with the first. However, it is not recommended to move with it for a long time - transmission parts wear out too quickly. Without a reverse gear, it is almost impossible to park in urban conditions, and it also allows you to maneuver in organic space.
2. The process of mastering programs
The location of the speeds is indicated on the shift knob, and you just need to memorize them! Agree that while driving it will be difficult to peep, lowering your eyes down. And one more thing: if you don’t want any gear to turn on with a screech or crunch, indicating gear wear, depress the clutch pedal to the floor. Better yet, before landing behind the wheel, sit on front seat next to an experienced driver and see how he manages to synchronize gear shifting with clutch disengagement. It will also help you learn what speed you can develop in a particular gear.
On the mechanics for beginners, they show that at first, beginners still mentally remember where which gear is. Do not worry, further practice will allow you to do this on an unconscious level, without distraction from the road. It will take quite a bit of time - both the switching speed and the smoothness of this process will increase.
Also, an unconditional problem for a young driver is to determine at what speed the car needs to turn on one or another gear. Usually to be followed simple advice: listen to the engine, and if its speed is low, and the car does not accelerate, then you should downshift. And vice versa, to unload the box at very high speed, you need to shift into high gear.
In this practice, you can use the tachometer, if it is "on board". Of course, depending on the model, brand and modification of the car, the switching order may be different, but it has been proven in practice that new transmission should be activated when the engine speed has reached 3000 rpm. Additionally, it is recommended to observe the speedometer. For example, change gears every 20-25 km/h, but remember that this general rule. If the car powerful motor, then these numbers can be unambiguously large.
3. We start the engine!
Before turning the ignition key to start the engine, press the clutch pedal and move the manual transmission lever to neutral. Next, warm up power unit before operating temperature. Moreover, if you do this in the cold season, keep the clutch pedal depressed for the first couple of minutes during warm-up - this helps to heat up the frozen oil faster. And the most important thing: never run the engine in gear, otherwise the car can go, for which you are unlikely to be ready. So close to the accident...
4. We use the clutch pedal correctly
As already mentioned, the clutch helps the driver change gears smoothly, but it should always be squeezed all the way out, otherwise you risk damaging the gearbox. It is equally important to remember that only the left foot should be engaged in the clutch pedal. You need the right one for braking or picking up speed. Manual driving lessons for beginners rarely do without situations where the beginner "confuses the pedals." Needless to say, it is better to avoid them?
After changing gear, the clutch should be released smoothly. At first, this is not easy to do. Tip: release the clutch very slowly until you feel the momentum being transferred to the wheels. And avoid unnecessary acceleration in situations where the pedal is not pressed to the “floor”. Also develop an “iron” rule, which says: even at traffic lights, keeping the clutch depressed for more than two seconds is highly discouraged.
If you watch experienced drivers, it's easy to see that they release the clutch fairly quickly. If you can't do that, don't be complex. The more often you drive in heavy traffic, the more hours you drive, the more perfect this skill will become.
5. Learning to coordinate actions
A car with a manual transmission, with skillful management, gives the driver a lot of drive. After all, it provides an opportunity sharp acceleration, which is not available to a car with automatic transmission. help to bring this action to automatism, clearly coordinating the manipulations with the controls. Let's give an example correct algorithm when driving at 1-2 speeds.
Depress the clutch pedal to the stop, turn on the first gear. Gradually slowly release the clutch, at the same time just as slowly and smoothly press the gas pedal. When the clutch pedal reaches about the middle, you will surely feel that the torque is completely transferred to the wheels and the car starts moving. Slowly release the clutch and continue to gently press the gas, pick up a speed of about 20 km / h. Now is the time to shift into second gear. Release the gas, fully depress the clutch and move the manual transmission lever to second gear, release the clutch and gradually add gas.
6. Downshifting
This strange term refers to how to shift the low gears of the car at the moment it slows down. The method here is completely different in comparison with the principles of operation of the automatic transmission, it is more complicated, but it allows you not only to reduce speed, but also to simultaneously engage the necessary gear.
Why do manual driving lessons for beginners include the ability to "downshift"?
They are needed to learn how to slow down to a complete stop without using the brake pedal. As the pros say, you can also brake with the engine. To do this at a speed of about 70 km / h, perform the following manipulations:
after depressing the clutch, engage third gear by moving your right foot from the accelerator to the brake;
slowly release the clutch - this will avoid increased speed;
depress the clutch again before stopping;
do not activate the first speed as a downshift.
7. Reverse
When handling the reverse gear, you should be careful, because if you turn it on incorrectly, it may “jump out ". And until the vehicle has come to a complete stop, never reverse! Also note that some passenger cars to manipulate it, you must first press the top of the manual transmission knob. Let's not forget about the high range of the reverse gear in comparison with the first, from which it follows: you should not press the gas pedal, because you can pick up an unnecessarily high speed.
8. Starting uphill
Since roads are rarely perfectly flat, the ability to drive a car at a vertical angle is very useful. skills in this case are also developed by practice, but it is more difficult to achieve the desired result. The algorithm of actions is as follows.
1) Drive the car up a slope, park it on hand brake turn on neutral.
2) Gradually releasing the handbrake, depress the clutch pedal, shift into first gear and move off, adding gas.
3) At a certain moment you will feel: the car does not move back. So, you managed to keep the car on the hill without applying the brakes.
9. Parking mysteries
When putting the car into the parking lot after turning off the engine, you need to depress the clutch and activate the first gear. You can be sure: thanks to this, the car will not roll down in any case. To be even more secure, you need to apply the parking brake by pulling the handle or pressing the button. The most important thing upon returning to the car is not to forget to turn on neutral gear and only then start the engine.
10. Practice more often!
Driving lessons on mechanics for beginners at first they seem extremely heavy. And that's okay. But the more you practice, the sooner you will work out literally all the skills to automatism. And if the “rights” are already in your hands, and driving is scary - find a convenient area where there are no cars, and do it yourself.
When you feel that you have more or less adapted to a car with "mechanics", move on to practical experience in real road conditions. Start with simple exercises, having previously studied the terrain in which you will drive most often. It is recommended to practice early-early in the morning, at 5 o'clock, or after midnight - at this time there are fewer cars on the road, which will give additional confidence.
And do not listen to friends or relatives who say that a manual transmission is archaism, outdated technology, risk, and so on. Remember: "mechanics" in the auto world is considered one of the most reliable. Of course, sometimes it reduces driving comfort, but the reward for this is increased power, fuel efficiency, low price for repairs. And most importantly: you will gain invaluable life experience and the ability to completely control the vehicle!
- Auto driving rules
- How to learn to drive fast
The old song sang: "Cars literally filled everything ...". Indeed, cars can be seen everywhere. If earlier it was considered a luxury, and only wealthy people could buy it, now almost every person owns a car. In the modern world, especially in megacities, where residents need to travel several tens of kilometers every day, the car has become a means of transportation. If you dream of learning how to drive a car well from scratch, then this article from the UchiEto website will tell you all about driving technique.
What you need to know to drive a car
Theoretical part
To begin with, let's look at a couple of organizational aspects of driving a car. Before you start learning to drive, you need to not only read, but learn the traffic rules (rules traffic), together with road markings and signs. The rules must be learned, because your life and the lives of other road users depend on it. To do this, it is worth using special textbooks in which everything is clearly demonstrated. In addition, on the world wide web you can find training video lessons, both for driving a car itself and traffic rules. Also Teach It advises to buy a collection exam tickets according to traffic rules, or pass online tests There are a lot of services that provide such services. This will teach you how to apply theoretical knowledge practice and help you pass your driving license exam.
Let's summarize what you need to study traffic rules:
- Textbook for studying traffic rules (with illustrations)
- Exam tickets for traffic rules
Practical part
Driving a car is not only the physical ability to drive a car and knowledge of the rules, driving must be considered deeper. When you eat, you need to constantly monitor the situation on the road: through the side and Windshield as well as rear-view mirrors. You must watch the actions of pedestrians and drivers of other vehicles. In other words, you need to constantly be in control of the traffic situation, this is necessary: to select speed limit, to select the trajectory of movement, as well as for emergency response to avoid an emergency. True, this does not mean that you need to be constantly tense and look out for all the little things on the road - no, at first it will be difficult, but then you will develop a habit, it is important to accustom yourself to this from the very beginning.
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Habits that will make you happy
Before you start driving, you should not be afraid of the car itself. This is more about girls - they are most often afraid and this is the most big mistake, because until you stop being afraid, you will not be able to learn how to drive a car well from scratch, because you must always be calm behind the wheel. To conquer fear iron horse”, first just start it and step on the gas pedal. This will allow you to get used to the revs of the engine, its sound, and, well, to the car itself.
As for the fear of driving itself, this is the next stage that needs to be dealt with. In order not to be afraid to drive, you need to start learning on a special road or site where you yourself will be. And already, when you have mastered driving skills, you can try to go to the city streets, however, initially to where there is not heavy traffic.
In order not to be afraid that you will turn the wrong way, or that there will be a lot of people or cars on your way, you need to think over the route in advance, if it is long - this is not scary, it is important that the traffic is not large. Then mentally drive this route. When you feel more confident, on the contrary, you should choose busier routes so that you have experience in different road conditions. To make it easier for you to do all this better, to have an experienced driver sitting next to you who would help you cope with all the difficulties and mistakes.
And the last thing worth noting in this paragraph is shoes and clothes. Shoes should not have thick soles. The best shoes are those with firm but thin soles that glide well on the pedals. This will help you get a good feel for the pedals of the car. For girls to feel normal, do not wear shoes with a large platform or heels. And clothes should be loose so as not to hamper your movements.
Preparing for departure
Before you start moving, you need to check the car - this is the basis of the basics. The check consists of the following actions:
- visual inspection. Before leaving the parking lot or garage, you need to carefully check everything. Make sure there are no leaks under the car. If you notice something like this, try to determine where the leak came from and fix the problem. Then look at the tires, they should be inflated. If there is a puncture, replace the wheel. It is also worth checking the work of external lighting fixtures: front and rear lights, and turn signals.
- Adjustment. When you get into a car, especially if it is not your vehicle or you just sat down after someone, then you need to adjust driver's seat: angle of inclination, distance from the steering wheel, and, if the device of the car allows, adjust: the height of the steering column and the height of the seat. Then adjust the side and center rear view mirrors.
- Safety regulations. Be sure to fasten your seat belt before driving off and make sure your other passengers do the same. Check the work brake system. Before driving, make sure that you do not interfere with other motorists or pedestrians. That is, you must skip all the people and vehicles that are moving in the same direction.
Auto driving rules
Now let's touch directly on the driving technique. To begin with, we will tell you how to get under way with a manual transmission. Remember: the right foot works with the gas pedal - this is the right pedal and with the brake pedal - the center pedal, and the left foot only with the clutch pedal - the left pedal.
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How to start and stop a car.
To start the car, you need to turn the ignition key to the ACC position, then turn the key to the ON position, after ten seconds turn to the START position, as soon as the car starts, release the key, it will automatically turn to the ON position. To mute, you need to turn the key to the ACC position.
How to start
How to start off level ground
When you have started, you need to move off, to do this, turn on the first gear. To do this, depress the clutch with your left foot (all the way to the left pedal), move the gear lever to the first gear position. Now put your right foot on the gas pedal (right pedal) and lightly push so that the arrow on the tachometer points to 2 (the engine should reach 2000 rpm). Then, with your right foot, press the brake (center pedal), remove the car from the hand (parking) brake, to do this, press the button and lower it down. Now put your foot on the gas pedal to maintain the amount of revs you've gained and slowly release the clutch. When you see that the car has started to move, put some pressure on the gas and continue to smoothly release the clutch. When you are not working with the clutch with your left foot, try to move to the rest area, which is located to the left of the clutch pedal. Adjust the speed of movement with the gas pedal: the less you press on the gas, the slower the car goes and vice versa.
How to move downhill
Another very important point for all novice drivers, this is the beginning of the movement downhill. Everyone knows that if you do not react quickly and correctly at this moment, the car may stall or roll backwards. First of all, you need to relax - this is important, you need to believe in yourself. There are two ways to start downhill, the first is for experienced drivers, the second is for beginners.
The first method is also called "leg transfer". It is used by almost all motorists with experience. This method consists of depressing the clutch with your left foot, pressing the brake with your right foot to start moving, gently release the clutch and, when you feel that the car is about to move, transfer your right foot from the brake to the gas. In this case, the engine needs to be accelerated to 3000 rpm, this will help the car start moving forward, not backward.
The second way to start downhill is with the handbrake. You are on the rise and want to start moving. To do this, depress the handbrake, depress the clutch and engage first gear. Now, with your right foot, bring the engine to 3000 rpm and fix the leg in this position. Then slowly start releasing the handbrake, gradually add gas so that the car does not go into a stretch. When you release the clutch pedal, control the speed of the car with your right foot (gas pedal), and move your left foot to the rest area.
How to change gears
How to change from first gear to second
So, if you managed to move off, and you accelerated, now you need to switch to second gear. This is done so that the engine is unloaded, since the first gear is the most powerful, and it is used only to start off. To shift to second gear, you need to accelerate a little, squeeze the clutch all the way, shift gears, start to smoothly release the clutch and at this time press the gas. When the clutch is up, move your left foot to the rest area and control the speed with your right foot. Most beginners wonder when to shift into second gear. Here is the answer: you need to shift to second gear almost immediately after the start of movement, if you hear that the engine starts to choke in first gear, then turn on second.
How to go from second to third and so on
The principle of switching to a higher gear is the same. After the car has accelerated to 40 km per hour in second gear, you can switch to third. When you reach 60 km per hour, go to the fourth. Fifth gear is engaged beyond 80 km per hour. Also, when switching, it is worth focusing on the readings of the tachometer, when the values \u200b\u200breach 3000 rpm, you can shift to a higher gear.
How to downshift
To go from fourth to third, for example, you need to depress the clutch, engage third gear, then lightly press on the gas, gaining 2500 rpm, and smoothly release the clutch while adding gas.
How to brake correctly
How to slow down
To slow down - take your right foot off the gas and gently apply the brake, you may need to change to downshift.
How to stay
To stop smoothly, you need to squeeze the clutch and gently press the brake with your right foot, the car will gradually stop.
How to give back
To reverse, you need to completely stop the car. Then depress the clutch, move the lever to reverse gear(sometimes for this you need to lift up the ring, which is located on the gearshift lever). Make sure there is no one behind you and start moving. Accelerate the engine to 2500 rpm and lock, then slowly release the clutch. When the car starts, you can add gas.
How to learn to drive well
To learn how to drive a car well, you need to practice more. Do not get hung up on unloaded easy roads, gradually complicate your routes. Drive both during the day and at night - it is important to be careful and attentive. Driving school will help you learn the basics of driving, your movements and actions will be controlled by an instructor.
Video lessons
If you're only learning the skills driving driving and feel fear in the very first lessons, do not be upset. This happens to absolutely everyone who gets behind the wheel of a car for the first time. And if you are confident in your abilities and feel your car, its movement and speed, then soon you will overcome this fear and be a real driver. But how to learn to drive a car from scratch on your own? Before you begin to learn the intricacies of shifting, you need to master the theory. Today we will look at several aspects that should be focused on for those who are just going to master the skills of driving.
Knowledge of the rules of the road - first of all
The first step on the road to success is, of course, knowledge of the theory. Before you start studying the question of how to learn to drive a car from scratch, remember all the rules of the road. If you do not distinguish between signs or do not know the intricacies of getting out of traffic situations (for example, then, of course, in this way you will not become a real driver. Even if you have certain skills, but without knowledge of traffic rules nowhere. Learning theory is actually not as difficult as it seems at first glance. At some stage, it is even exciting, so be sure to learn the traffic rules before your first trip.
from scratch? Leaving for the autodrome
After you have mastered the theory, you can safely move on to practice. Why autodrome? Because a simple knowledge of the rules of the road will not give you the opportunity to feel normal in a dynamic flow of cars. First you need to get used to at least a race track for this just intended. Here you can learn everything that will be required of you in a driving school: starting off, downhill with the handbrake on, parking, "snake" and so on.
Moreover, each of these maneuvers requires knowledge of the dimensions of the car, especially when parking. The autodrome is also advantageous in that it does not have such obstacles as "Lexus", "Mercedes", and most importantly, that there are no pedestrians on it. At this stage, the main thing you need to master is Feeling the car itself, you will trust your actions and not be afraid to pass near the parking posts at a distance of less than 10 centimeters. As a rule, you can get used to the size of the car in 3-5 lessons. All this will take you less than one week. But at this stage, the question "how to learn to drive a car from scratch" is not yet closed. At the final stage, you need to learn how to confidently stay in dense stream machines.
How to learn to drive a car from scratch? Learning to drive around the city
If you didn’t need to apply the knowledge of traffic rules in the classes at the autodrome, then on the city streets you will have to remember everything that you learned earlier. Both theory and practice will come in handy. In fact, if you've overcome your fear of cars, then city driving won't seem intimidating either. The main thing is to watch the road and other road users, especially pedestrians. After 2-3 days of such a ride, you can move out onto a fairly busy road.
Historically, men are the stronger sex, and women are assigned the role of weak "creatures". In reality, the situation is different, and therefore men undeservedly believe that a woman has almost no right to drive a car. This is extremely unfair. A woman of a modern format can do anything herself, let alone driving a car. Some representatives of the weaker sex sometimes drive much better than men, following all the rules, driving carefully and confidently. But many girls are simply afraid to go to a driving school and get a license, and that's it. whole line reasons. Despite the fact that driving school instructors talk about the diligence of students, there are quite a few girls in these institutions.
Reasons why women are afraid to drive
Yet they say the truth that the female style of driving a car exists. This is due to the psychological characteristics of girls, and these features are reflected in the driving style. The feminine character is expressed in the following aspects:
1) Disorientation in the area and difficulty finding destinations. In such a situation, a woman can brake sharply, drive at low speeds, while interfering and causing irritation to other drivers;
2) Slow response to change traffic situation. It is difficult for women to learn to respond quickly to similar situations. Due to excessive emotionality, the girl may be confused, so she will not be able to quickly figure out what needs to be done;
3) Large percentage traffic accidents involving women;
Nevertheless, the girls cannot be taken away from the fact that they are more accurate in their driving style. They rarely overtake other cars, do not move at the moment of sunbathing yellow light. Despite all this, a woman behind the wheel causes a double reaction in most men. Some react to this quite calmly, while others speak very negatively towards the girl behind the wheel. But men are powerless against fashion, so everyone more women gets behind the wheel, forgetting about his fears and convincing men of his strength. Here the question arises: how exactly does a woman comprehend the skill of driving a car? First of all, you should not be afraid. If you do not give in to the feeling of fear, then everything will work out.
But why are most women afraid to drive? And the reasons are as follows:
1) Fear of getting into an accident.
You can become both the culprit of the accident and the victim. If this happens, then you must be confident in all your actions. You need to carefully monitor the road, move only according to the rules. Today, every driver must register his car in order not to pay for repairs in the event of an accident.
Most importantly, every time you get behind the wheel of a car, fasten your seat belt, and not only you, but also your passengers should do this. After all, in this way you can save your own and not only life.
2) Fear of mistakes on the road. If you strictly follow the rules of the road, then no one will be able to show you anything. If someone will “ask” you to pick up speed or move, then the one who signals will be wrong, because you are not violating anything.
3) A large number of cars and road signs. Only beginners are afraid of this, and only for the first time. After a while, you will get used to it and will automatically look at the signs and cars.
4) Fear of loss right direction . In order not to be afraid of this, it is enough to install a navigator in the car that will orient you even in an unfamiliar city.
5) Meeting with traffic police officers. Even if you are an experienced driver, you are probably afraid to meet these people in uniform who can fine you or pretty spoil your mood. But if driving beautiful girl, then the male inspector can make an exception.
6) Be alone with a broken car. Today there are very a large number of organizations that can quickly come to your aid if something happens to the machine.
What temperament women are better at driving
You are deeply mistaken if you think that only women with a masculine character can sit behind the wheel of a car. Undoubtedly, they can cope well with driving, they are not so strongly influenced by fears, they can soberly assess the situation on the road and are able to react quickly. But absolutely any female representative can comprehend these basics. The most important thing is to take the first step, and after a while you will forget that you once experienced fear of driving. But even if you are not strong in spirit, do not have a formidable disposition, a quiet and modest young lady, you can still become an excellent driver and drive a car along with other experienced drivers.
It is enough just to gain experience and learn not to be afraid of the car. Over time, you will be able to reverse park into a place that looks like an “eye of a needle”, and overtake a too slow driver, and dodge reckless drivers.
If you decide that you want to master the art of driving a car, then for a start you can’t make a number of mistakes that are typical for most girls:
1) Husband as instructor
The first teacher for most female drivers is the husband. And this is the biggest mistake that the fair sex makes, because he is the worst teacher. The reason is unclear, but absolutely all husbands in some unknown way manage to discourage their beloved women from any desire to learn how to drive a car. You need to comprehend this skill or on your own after receiving driving license, or under the guidance of an instructor of the driving school where you are studying.
2) Use family car as an educational
The second most common mistake women make is learning to drive in their husband's car. Indeed, after each of your test drives, the car will be carefully examined, and you will be deducted for a non-existent scratch on. In addition, on ordinary car you should not study, because the training room is specially equipped for beginners.
3) The excuse "I'm a newbie at the wheel!"
It is in vain that novice autoladies do not perceive stickers and inscriptions that need to be placed on their car so that other road users know that a newbie is driving. Those who drive a car for more than a year simply will not know that the driver in front needs to be “beware”.
So, in order to quickly teach a woman to drive a car, you need to follow a few very simple recommendations:
1) Don't try to maneuver very fast. You do not need to pay attention to the surrounding drivers who can honk you. You don't want accidents, do you?
2) No need to perceive your mistakes and flaws as a tragedy. This is a matter of technology. Are you unable to drive in reverse? Just practice. Do it yourself, without prying eyes.
3) Practice for 6 months so that you begin to automatically shift gears, gas when you need it, smoothly release the clutch.
4)
Always soberly try to assess the situation. Modern drivers they value the attention of other road users too much, they try to show their “coolness” and the ability to get to the moon. Because of this, on the road are created emergencies. Therefore, it is better to skip such reckless drivers or even go around them in a different way.
5) Remember to look in your rear-view mirrors when overtaking and turning. This should be your main principle.
6) Brake when approaching pedestrian crossing. Never step on the gas. By law, you must give way to pedestrians, but most drivers do not.
7) Do not respond to screams and sound signals other motorists. How more experience the driver, the more he will have the desire to show everyone his superiority. You do not need to pay attention to such people of attention, it will protect you.
Always remember that the machine is the source heightened danger. When you get behind the wheel, you are responsible for both yourself and your passengers. No need once again speed up, always give way to pedestrians, be polite on the road. You, as a girl, just need to discard all prejudices, conventions, fears. Just learn to drive. And remember that some women can drive just as well, if not better, than men.
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After graduating from a driving school, in America, an exam for a manual and automatic transmission is taken separately. That is, you have the opportunity to get the right to drive a car with automatic transmission or manual transmission to choose from. Gradually, this innovation is included in our driving schools. However, this is still the exception rather than the rule. Therefore, many are trained in the old fashioned way on cars with a manual transmission. And let it be considered, but the skills of driving a vehicle at a manual transmission have not prevented anyone yet.
What is a manual transmission
To begin with, it is worth noting that there are two main methods for transmitting torque from the engine to the wheels. This process can occur through the manual transmission or mechanics) and automatic (automatic transmission, automatic transmission or automatic).
In order for the vehicle to serve faithfully for many years, every self-respecting driver must know the rules for driving a car with a manual transmission. After all, this will not only increase the life of your car, but also in the event of a breakdown, you will have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat happened to the car and will be able to correctly explain the situation to a specialist.
A manual transmission is a view in which the driver independently performs a step change. In a standard manual transmission, there is a shift lever for selecting speed. With its help, the driver has the opportunity to turn on the necessary gear at any second (the exception is the reverse one, since it can only be used after removing the special fuse). Depending on the make and model of the car, the location of the lever and the drive system varies.
Depending on how many times the torque changes, the manual transmission is divided into:
- four-stage;
- five-speed;
- six-speed;
- seven, eight, and so on.
Also distinguish three-shaft and two-shaft. The latest manual transmission is used in front wheel drive vehicles, and the first - in rear-wheel drive. The gear lever is usually marked with a gear layout. This is a great tip for a novice driver. When shifting gears, the main thing is to remember that they must be changed sequentially, otherwise nothing will come of it.
The theory of driving a car with a manual transmission
While studying at a driving school, every student learns. Any driver must have this knowledge. Also in the classroom understands the theory of driving a car with a manual transmission. Some driving schools already have the opportunity to choose training - on automatic transmission or manual transmission. As practice shows, today it is better to choose the study of mechanical. Undoubtedly, it is more difficult than an automatic machine. However, having learned the mechanics, you can handle the automatic transmission once or twice. After all, you can transfer to the machine at any time, and it will not be difficult. But with automatic box switching to a manual transmission is more difficult, because, in fact, you will learn to drive the car again.
The student receives the basics of driving a car with a manual transmission during practical classes at a driving school. All sorts of maneuvers are practiced on them, and also in real conditions on the road, the order of gear shifting is assimilated. The main parts that the driver should keep in mind in the box are the clutch and the set of gears. And for the car to go, you need to turn them on correctly. To make it easier for a beginner to understand, the clutch is schematically represented as two disks tightly pressed against each other. In order to select the desired gear, you need to breed them. This is done using the clutch pedal. And in the divorced state, the required gear is activated by the gearshift knob.
Gearshift pattern
Many already experienced drivers, for the first time behind the wheel, wondered how to shift gears on a car with a manual transmission. This idea will seem ridiculous after a few practical exercises. Each car has its own individual limit, after which the speed should be changed. There is no universal scheme. However, for simplicity, there is an average order for switching speeds:
- 1st gear - no more than 20 km / h.
- 2nd gear - within 40 km/h.
- 3rd gear - no more than 60 km / h.
- 4th gear - within 90 km / h.
- 5th gear - over 90 km / h.
Once again, we remind you that the above order of switching speeds is a classic. It cannot be used universally on all vehicles. Each vehicle has its own shift speed. Attention requires engine speed. It is impossible for the movement to take place on small or too large. The next speed must be turned on at 2500-3500 rpm.
Driving in a straight line
The learning theory of driving a car with a manual transmission distinguishes driving in a straight line, downhill, uphill and reverse. Each type of movement should be considered separately.
Once in the car, the first thing to do is to carefully inspect dashboard, handbrake and gearbox. The shift lever must be in the neutral position. And the handbrake has been removed. The pedals are arranged as follows: from left to right - clutch, gas, brake. After all the above steps are completed, you can insert the key into the ignition switch. Gently turn it to the side. Then count to three. In this short period of time, the starter is activated and the engine starts to run. After a couple of minutes, which are necessary to warm up the car, you can start moving. And here the main thing is not to stall (“do not fulfill the goat”). Therefore, at first, do not rush anywhere and do everything measuredly.
Since left-hand drive cars prevail in our country, we will consider the sequence of actions according to this design. Press the clutch with your left foot. The movement should be fast, and you need to press the pedal until it sinks into the floor. Using your right hand, move the gear lever to the first (that is, to the left and up). Now the left foot smoothly releases the clutch, and the right foot presses the gas. Performing these movements at the same time will help mental visualization. Imagine how the clutch discs are connected, the engine starts to slowly turn the wheels, and the car moves off. Inexperienced driver should learn to feel the moment when the car starts, and should gradually add gas. Not everyone succeeds right away, but with experience this skill will appear.
In first gear, of course, you will not move forever, so you need to master their switching. Experienced motorists determine by sound when they need to be raised or lowered, but since beginners do not have such a skill, at first the tachometer will serve as an assistant. As soon as the revolutions reached a value of three thousand (the value is averaged, each car model has an individual figure), you need to switch to next gear. To do this, you gradually release the gas pedal and at the same time squeeze the clutch. While the car continues to move, you should move the lever to second gear. It is worth paying attention here that it can only be moved after the clutch is fully depressed. After changing the gear, the pedal is gently released. Now add gas. Perhaps the first time you will not be able to complete all the steps synchronously, and you will stall. You shouldn't worry about this. Since not everyone managed to shift the gear correctly even from the tenth time. Don't worry, calm down and try again.
After changing gear, take your foot completely off the clutch. Specially for left side from the pedal is a platform. It is comfortable to put your foot on it. After all, if you leave it on the pedal, firstly, it will become numb, and secondly, this will lead to a breakdown of the clutch.
Downhill driving
After you have learned how to smoothly start off and move in a straight line, you can move on to next question- movement on the descent. It would seem that there is nothing easier than rolling down a hill and lightly pressing down on the brake pedal. However, this is fundamentally wrong. Braking must be done by the engine. The theory of driving a car with a manual transmission says that for this you need to change into a gear lower than the one in which you were driving before. And also this speed should not be higher than the one at which you will go uphill. This condition must be met so that the car does not accelerate too much, and you have the opportunity to drive it.
Movement on the rise
The studied theory of driving for beginners when driving uphill almost everyone does not raise questions. However, everyone, faced with this situation in practice, has difficulties. After all, an incorrectly selected speed will lead to the fact that the engine stalls. A Special attention it is necessary to give information about the beginning of the movement from a place uphill. When lifting a car with a manual transmission, it is very important that it does not reverse. Therefore, with your left foot, you should squeeze the clutch all the way. Synchronously with this action, you need to turn on the gear, then press the gas and smoothly release the clutch pedal. What gear to use on the rise? The answer to this question depends on road conditions. For long distances, select second or third gear. And if the climb has turns, give preference to the first speed, as it is better to slow down on such a section of the road.
Reversing
The principle of driving a car with a manual transmission in reverse is simple. Having understood once, in the future you will ride without difficulty. Let's start with the most common mistake - reverse gear, give gas, release the clutch. And as a result, the driver gets a car moving backwards on high speed. It is extremely difficult to drive a vehicle in this way. Secret proper driving backwards is unusually simple - refusal to use the gas pedal.
First you need to depress the clutch pedal, and then turn on the reverse gear. In some car models, it is required to lift the ring under the gear knob. It is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. Therefore, if this is the case in your car, gently lift the ring with your fingers under the knob of the lever. Then, with the help of mirrors, you determine where you want to turn the steering wheel, and figure out the path. Slowly release the clutch until the car starts to move. Under no circumstances should the pedal be fully released. So, with the clutch not fully released, you will slowly but surely move in reverse and be able to accurately perform any other maneuver. Sometimes you need to slow down reverse car. This is much easier than it seems at first glance. This is done with a strong pressure on the clutch. Thus, your vehicle will stop moving backwards.
Braking
The algorithm for driving a car with a manual transmission when braking is as follows:
- Move your right foot from the gas pedal to the brake.
- Press it with the force that is necessary (for example, during emergency braking, it should be sharp and hard).
- When reaching a speed of ten kilometers per hour, the car will begin to vibrate and shake a little. This means it's time to squeeze the clutch with your left foot.
- Move the gear lever to neutral speed.
- Release all pedals.
- The car stops.
Trial
After graduation from the driving school, the student is waiting for driving exams. Theory and practice are taken separately. The first one is easily handled by most students. But with practice, many have problems. The reason for this, most likely, is the lack of training, which you can fill up with your instructor at a driving school by asking for additional classes.
The theoretical part of the exam is given in the form of a test on computers. Each question has several answers, one (in exceptional cases - several) is correct. The practical part is divided into two - this is the autodrome and the city. With the latter, everything is very clear. You drive a car around the city in real traffic conditions and follow the instructions of the examiner. And the circuit is the performance of several tasks. Completing driving school future driver pass the following exams: parallel parking, entrance to the garage, rise to the overpass, snake and turn. For correct execution all tasks, as you can see, you will definitely need knowledge about driving a car with a manual transmission in different road conditions.
Inexperienced drivers should remember some of the subtleties of driving a car with a manual transmission.
In order not to stall and understand how to shift gears, you must definitely train. A car is not required for this. Sit on a chair, stretch your legs forward as if you were in a car, and with an emphasis on your heels, alternately raise one and lower the other, and vice versa. Your legs should move at the same time. The workout should look like this: starting position - the left one is completely on the floor, and the right one is raised, but rests on the heel. Now your legs should start moving at the same time. The right one gradually descends, and the left one rises. The legs should take the opposite position relative to the original. Raise the right one and then lower the left. At the end of the exercise, the legs should return to their original position. Repeat the movements several times. After such training, you are unlikely to stall, sitting behind the wheel of a car.
It is necessary to pay attention to several nuances, namely, the inclusion of reduced and overdrive. The latter is activated after passing the intersection and overtaking is completed. And it makes sense to turn on a lower gear before turns, intersections of roads and when overtaking. These actions will allow the driver to have in reserve power for an unexpected maneuver.
Now consider neutral speed and descent. Any instructor will tell you that when driving a car downhill, you should never turn on this speed. But for many, the arms and legs itch to use it when descending. They motivate these actions with savings. But she is not here at all. This is a relic of Soviet times. And also these actions are unacceptable on wet or slippery surface roads. After all, this threatens the safety of you and other road users.
A nuance that experienced drivers know about when driving uphill is right choice transmission. Motorists, having approached the rise, shift the speed one gear lower. After moving uphill on acceleration. When the car is not pulling, do not start accelerating, but shift to a lower gear. Learned "excellent" theory of driving for beginners is the basis that any future motorist needs. All other skills are acquired only through practice.
