Are Toyota cars as reliable as it is commonly believed. High quality and reliability - this is Toyota cars The ten best Toyota cars in the history of the company

16.07.2019

Irina Krokhmal - Head of Development Department production system OJSC KAMAZ-Metallurgy

Basic principles of T - TPS:
. JIDOUKA(Jidoka) - Combined processes, quality (previously used the definition of "Autonomization")
. JIT (Just in time) - Right on time
. cost down- Cost reduction
. Motivation
. KAIZEN- Continuous improvements

T - TPS important component integrated TMS system which also includes sales and service maintenance Toyota concern.
TMS - Toyota Management System
T-TPS-Total Toyota Production System
TDS - Toyota Development System
TSS - Toyota Sales System
TPS - Toyota Production System

Total Toyota Production System effect

Until 1980, Toyota was managed on a top-down basis or Top-dovun Management. A top-level manager came to the production site and recommended to eliminate the shortcomings, instructions were given to subordinates what exactly to do, and failure to comply was punished. This approach led to overtime work, exhaustion to eliminate comments. Everyone worked ahead of waiting for the next top check. The workers even created an unspoken warning system, and where the inspection intended to arrive, the workers scattered. I had to think and change the approach to production management.

Since 1980, the method of independent study of problems (Jichuken) has been proposed for production management. This formed the core of the Toyota Production System:

Independent analysis and ranking of problems;
Deep study of the causes of problems;
Independent development of events;
Improvement of the production site;
High level of motivation.

This approach required the main thing - the activation of the company's personnel. As the scope of work of the production staff expands, Toyota is very great attention devoted to the education and training of workers. Workers are also entrusted with functions that are very important for the built-in quality process and the process of continuous improvement. Therefore, an important condition for building management by the Jichuken method is the training and development of workers.

When creating T-TPS and managing the Jichuken method, logistics and quality departments were subordinated to production, and workers are trained and perform the functions of controllers and forwarders: they competently work with the parameters of good products and manage kanban cards. At present, there are no QCD posts at Toyota; control is not needed at all at the finishing operations, because built-in quality is created in production, executed and guaranteed by production. And the quality department performs the functions of continuous monitoring of parameters for evaluating operations, develops, implements and monitors measures to improve the quality of the product. All these changes made it possible to have 5-6 defective items from the total number of nomenclature per 1,000,000 items. Under the previous management, there were 3-4 defective units per 1000 units. Toyota's goal is 0 defective units and they are constantly working on it. Production workers at Toyota are the strongest link.

Differences between the old TPS system (Old TPS) and T - TPS


Emphasis on motivation and kaizen	Modeling of lines and flows	Activation of personnel, continuous improvement of the process (kaizen)
Interaction between management and workers	Management through the instructions of the head	Management through independent thinking
Promotion of management approaches through motivation	Control and direction from above	Everyone participates in kaizen
Guaranteed quality	Autonomization	Combined processes
Significant effect	Any improvements	Think and earn
Cost reduction	Active Flow Modeling	Process engineering from line design

Power of Compani (Strength or power of the company)

Toyota experts evaluate the strength of the company by the level of strength of the company's personnel. To do this, use the formula

n
Company success =( P personality)*( A bility)*( M)
i=1 i i i

n= Works+Staff
Where
. P- personal qualities of the employee of the company (character)
. A- skills, professionalism of the employee
. M- level of employee motivation
This determines the Toyota success of the company, that is, profit and quality.

The role of the leader, manager of any level of the company is to constantly work to raise the level of skills and motivation of the staff, in other words, to activate the employees of sections, departments and office employees. Toyota's management does not consider itself outstanding, but this principle, which the company implements, gives results and distinguishes it by its main strength, Toyota has very skillful and highly motivated people.

Toyota constantly ranks itself in the Global Benchmarking (GBM) with a focus on T-TPS on a five-point scale. This helps to determine the company's place on a global level. Toyota specialists were invited to evaluate other world companies in the USA, Korea, China, and Japan using this system. If the score reaches 3 points, the company is considered competitive in the world. Currently, only Toyota has a score of 5 points. Most companies in the US, Korea have 2-3 points and do not have 4-5 ratings, in China so far only 1-2 points.

The score is built on a hexagon diagram, each of the corners means the score parameter, and the level from the center - points (from one to five).

Production sites and personnel
. standardization
. staff training
. level of logistics
. equipment
. quality (to what extent can the quality be guaranteed)

As already mentioned, people with multifunctionality distinguish Toyota from other companies. This important advantage and it is fully provided and supported. Be sure to each production site there is a matrix with a list of jobs (operations) and a list of workers in this area, in which the filled sectors of the circles reflect the main indicators of the employee (skills).
1 - completed training
2 - know how to perform the operation
3 - I can do quality work
4 - can teach another

This way of assessing the job site and visualizing skills is important. If you need to increase the takt time, the amount of work, and the staff is not very trained, then it is unlikely that the work will accelerate and the task will be completed. The more advanced the multifunction, the easier it is to change the takt time and the production volume. Toyota changes the tact time once a month. If qualifications allow, it is also useful to rotate employees.

Training at Toyota is systematized. People learn from the moment they enter. As workers learn, they are assigned skill ranks. The highest rank is S, very few have it. Basic ranks A, B, C…. The ranks of workers are also visualized, hung out in the workshop at the sites. Training is carried out one-time, the theory is read and then you can proceed to implementation. In the course of training, workers have to grasp everything on the fly, because. theory is taught only once. But in the course of building T - TPS, this knowledge must be put into practice, so there are trainings, they are carried out several times. In the course of trainings, skills are acquired on how to properly perform in practice. After listening to the information once, it is not possible to remember everything. Therefore, the training step is important: to memorize the movements on a specific working operation without errors with the body. Don't waste time repeating information - that's visualization. This method helps both the worker and the manager. Important: convey information and consolidate it.

The main tool for activating working production sites are "Quality Circles". This form exists on an ongoing basis, its participants are members of the site team. The main purpose of the "quality circle" is an independent analysis of the identified problems in the production operations of the site, improving the quality of the product and seeking to reduce the cost of production.

Between the sections of the enterprise (“quality circles”) there is a competition in the quality of work performed and in solving production problems. The results are summed up once a month at the general meeting of "quality circles". Reward best work. It is important. At the sites, the level of skills is growing, the level of knowledge and motivation is increasing.

In addition to the basic technological requirements for the performance of work operations, the main requirement of Toyota is the requirement not to make a marriage, not to transfer the marriage. In this direction, Toyota uses the ANDON tool in the production process. Any worker is given the right to stop the production line if 60 seconds after the manufacturing quality deviation is detected, the issues are not resolved. As a rule, a stop happens extremely rarely.

Andon - public address system

Toyota is never punished for an admitted marriage. On the contrary, if it happens that for some reason a marriage is made, discovered and presented, this is encouraged. Each worker of the site performs the role of a quality controller. If a worker detects a deviation in the production process and this can lead to a marriage, he immediately acts: gives a signal using a button or a cord, after which it lights up signal lamp for the manager. The Andon scoreboard has each plot. This electronic scoreboard, which reflects all the work activities of the site. At the same time, it is a warning system for all working areas. Immediately, at the signal of the yellow lamp, the head of the section approaches the problem area. He has 60 seconds to solve and usually solves the problem in 60 seconds. If they do not decide, then after 60 seconds the red lamp will light up - this is a signal for everyone to stop the line. It is important.

Toyota attaches great importance to visualization. Visualization is a way to prevent and control an abnormal situation. Visualization is a reminder important information, this is a form to consolidate the acquired knowledge for a specific operation.

JIDOUKA (Jidoka) - Combined processes, quality (previously used the definition of "Autonomization")
Built-in quality. Principle: only the production of good. Do not produce a marriage, prevent the appearance of a marriage, do not transfer a marriage.

Product quality management is a stop and alert system in case of defects. The quality control process is supported by inexpensive instruments and cheap control methods. Controllers within the process are the production workers who perform work operations. The entire responsibility for quality rests with the production department. A suitable product is made at each site and only a suitable product is transferred from site to site. Therefore, it is customary to talk about combined processes or a combination of processes, and not autonomization, as was previously accepted.

There is a control matrix for a thorough assessment of control. In traditional control schemes, it is difficult to assess where a defect occurs, a lot of time is lost, as a result, a defect stock is created! At most enterprises, data on marriage is taken from a personal computer and rely too much on unreliable information. The PC displays only a small part of reality, so it is customary in Toyota to detect defects at each redistribution. If the cause of the marriage is found, then measures (kaizen) are immediately implemented. First of all, you need to perform an analysis of the problem on the spot. Or as they say in Toyota: a crime is investigated at the scene of the crime, the weapon used to commit the crime.

All helpful information for marriage is placed in the "Quality Corner" at each site. A sample of marriage and documents for this marriage are required. This supports the production department, not the quality control department. Built-in quality is created by those who produce, guarantee and ensure quality. The quality control department has been assigned the function of supporting the production department. QCD performs various timing and time measurements.

There are tools to detect marriage:
. When married STOP!
. Marriage is not to be accepted or transferred!
. Quality control card with 5 levels: poor quality(Marriage), a little better, tolerant, good, very good.

The level of defective products is represented by a matrix. Such a matrix is completed for each section. There are operations in the area. All of them are written in the matrix. Operations are rated on a 5-point scale.

Table for approximate example

(a) - estimate that the details desired parameters and ease of execution
(b) - assessment by checking the technical conditions of the operation

Parameters and characteristics are laid in the developed matrix in relation to a specific site required quality. For all low scores of the matrix, urgent measures (kaizen) are carried out. This improvement allowed to significantly raise the level of quality.

Now at Toyota, this quality report is also used in auxiliary production to improve processes at each workplace. In recognition for the revealed marriage, people are encouraged, the problem is urgently sorted out and the causes eliminated.

Cost Down - Cost Reduction

Every day at Toyota, everyone thinks about reducing the cost of a product. It is important not to overdo anything! Do not create excess inventory, do not do work that no one ordered. Engaged in cost reduction with the involvement of all personnel, starting with design new products. Production is actively engaged in cost reduction. Cost control is carried out by a dedicated foreman. It controls the cost of raw materials and materials, energy costs, labor costs.

Previously, cost information for Toyota was closed, but today cost information is transferred to the production departments in order to reduce it. Each specialist in the production department should think about the cost and look for ways to reduce it. With the previous approach in management, it was: the heads of departments and workshops controlled the work processes and gave instructions. Now, plus the requirement to reduce costs, to be in contact with workers, to engage in the activation of workers, instill skills to implement improvements, train staff, increase productivity and quality.

An important tool in achieving cost reduction are improvements (kaizen)
. 5 S =4 S +1 S (improvement)
. Visualization
. Execution of STANDARD operations
The effect is in the activation of employees and a high level of motivation.

5 S score: conscious and subconscious

Toyota believes that it is necessary to put estimates on each job site. It is necessary to evaluate the effect of 5 S unequivocally - this is the activation of employees and sites. Grades increase the level of skills and motivation. Toyota is constantly working to improve the level of workers' skills and motivation. As a rule, a group of people works at each site. The goals set by the group are achievable. If the group achieves the goal, then the participants are happy. It is important to maintain an atmosphere of joy. Scientists have concluded that the brain perceives joy as an addiction and seeks to repeat it. Toyota built the concept of 5 S estimates on these dependencies. It is important to constantly influence the group of the site and move the group up to the real goal. There is no need to stabilize grades 2 and 3. This leads to a decrease in the result, the level of motivation decreases. Any score can be good, but it can also improve. The leader must know the specifics of working with the group well and be sure to praise the workers even for minor improvements. It is especially necessary and important to promote improvements.

Thinking works with theory, it is important to build a transition from planning to action. For what reason do we not proceed to action, if we know everything well? It requires an impact on the conscious and subconscious, and in particular, to raise motivation. Often the subconscious is not ready, even if the consciousness determines the need for action. In order to transfer information from consciousness to the subconscious, it is necessary to raise motivation. Part of the brain is responsible for motivation. Managers must understand how to influence the spiritual state of a person and be able to raise motivation.

All the activities of the former Toyota production system were aimed at reducing inventory, reducing costs, improving quality, that is, the management did not think about the happiness of employees and the company. Total - TPS aims to achieve the level of happiness of each employee and thereby increase their level through 5 S, "quality circles", TPM and other tools.

If the goal of TPS was to reduce workers, then today in T-TPS this is not the case. It is necessary to start building a production system with the activation of personnel and increasing motivation.

Statistics also show that in the course of daily work, workers know and understand the causes of equipment failure better. The workers themselves make proposals for improving the maintenance of equipment and improving the process with the use of equipment. Essential workers perform maintenance work on operating equipment: they know how to perform maintenance and perform inspections, cleanings, and minor repairs. This is done everywhere at Toyota, which is why this practice is called universal maintenance of TPM equipment. But major repairs and scheduled maintenance are carried out by service units.

Work site teams regularly participate in TPM evaluation meetings. Such meetings are called Boo-ay. Boo-ay is evaluated by all teams (for example, at 2 factories, 100 teams each, 7 people in a team). During the evaluation, a list of 200 brigades is compiled (from the best to the least good). Boo-eye meetings reveal which teams are more active and which are less. The meetings are attended by workers and management of factories. The assessment affects crew salaries starting from the next month. That is, it can change every month depending on the evaluation of the boo-eye. Such a system creates healthy competition and a constant desire to work on process improvement. Meetings are very much needed and a positive tool for Toyota.

JIT (Just in time) - Just in time

An important element of the Toyota production system is organized internal and external logistics.

Traffic is prohibited in Toyota production buildings diesel forklifts. Only the movement of an electric car with trailers is allowed. For the movement of electric vehicles and people, the lanes are marked: red for electric cars and carts, green for workers. Along the movement of the supply route, tape is glued with symbols as clues. The "agevi" system works (trolleys and movable structures, such structures are developed by the workers themselves). All Toyota employees think about cost reduction and impeccably perform standard work and cost reduction measures, including in logistics. The workers don't unnecessary movements and do not perform work that does not bring value. Racks for Toyota with a height of no more than 1.5 meters, the level of the racks tilts, allows you to visually view products, flows, traffic and does not block contact with managers.

An important achievement at Toyota is the elimination of inter-operational inventory. In order not to create inventories of work in progress, much attention is paid to logistics and the KANBAN tool with kanban cards (quantity information for delivering components to an operation). The layout of the equipment is handled by the manufacturers. They optimally arrange jobs and draw up routes for the delivery of components. The logistics department is also part of the production. This allows you to optimize logistics schemes.

The entire production process is visualized by an electronic scoreboard. It necessarily shows the sections and processes, takt time, plan, fact, deviation,% of equipment use.

Along the movement of the conveyor there is a markup that allows you to evaluate the actions performed in 12 seconds. In preparatory operations, a set of modifications is used for the main process, following the necessary sequence. Parts diagrams are used. Previously, assembled components lay on racks next to workplaces, but now they are constantly delivered. Stocks with wheels are only multiples of the takt time of the operation. In fact, there are no stocks. The pull system works. In order to build the work in this way, it is necessary to constantly work with the plan and make timely adjustments. If the production sites do not follow the rhythm of the plan, then problems arise, confusion is created in the accounting at the processing stages. The KANBAN system works from the last section and does not create inventory, because the previous section does not do what the next one does not need.

Kanban is also the movement of information. A kanban card is a record. Toyota does not do anything if there is no confirmed information. The plan must be managed. As a tool, visual kanban cards are used at the border of the parcels. In Toyota manufacturing, 90% of operations are organized using kanban cards, and the kanban card is considered the most successful tool for adjusting production planning. Each previous section serves the next one. The container has a multiplicity of packing places for the required order quantity. The card received with the container is transferred to the box and sent with information to the previous operation: delivery time, quantity (min, max), if necessary, other clarifications. Red and green cards are used. Red for transportation, green for production order (for manufacturing). If manufactured parts are waiting for delivery, they have a green card, and before transportation, the green card is replaced with a red one. There are also

Kanban, it is used to manage batches. If the supplier is in a remote area, then an electronic kanban is used, the supplier prints it, executes it and sticks it in a container with the delivery of the ordered cargo.

To implement work with kanban cards, serious training is required for both workers and managers. If you miss this, then kanban does not work.

Toyota made $20 billion in 2007

Toyota lost $5 billion in 2008

Toyota concluded that the reason was not the financial crisis, but the company stopped giving special attention to inventory control. Any company on an ongoing basis needs to work with inventory management activities.

To reduce the volume warehouse stock Toyota uses multiple delivery: the more often we deliver, the better. Transport delivering goods should be completed taking into account the production cycle time, various necessary inventory items from different suppliers. It is important that inventory does not create redundant warehousing and intermediate storage. If we compare the cost of transport and storage operations and excess stocks, then it is more profitable to transport more often. When ordering from a supplier, the order is delivered in the order in which it is needed for production.

If the level of stocks of components and materials in production falls to a minimum, then the system operates by analogy with ANDON, it is triggered after an automatic signal is sent to the supply service. This is how the pull system works. As for small parts, there is a place for them next to the operation (a storage rack with hardware, washers, rivets, plugs ...).

As a result, when working with supplies, a matrix for providing components, raw materials and materials is also created.

The level of logistics at Toyota is the highest in the world. And this level is provided by Toyota people. System JIT(Just in time) Just in Time operates through a high level of motivation, skillful plan management and well-trained staff.

KAIZEN - Continuous improvement

Kaizen in Toyota is a consequence of any analysis and study of the causes of problems. Staff activation is key. Much attention is paid to production processes, improvement is an endless process. The principles of T-TPS lead Toyota to the development stage with a focus on improvement (kaizen) in the design of new lines before the release of products. Toyota's new approach to driving is all kaizen. Previously, Toyota evaluated both the submission and implementation of proposals. Now they only pay for the implementation.

The main country producing Toyota cars is Japan, but with the growing popularity of the concern's products, it became necessary to cover the current demand and open new factories.

So, step by step, Toyota production was established in many countries of the world - France, Great Britain, Indonesia and others. Russia was no exception, where the products of this brand are especially valued.

About Toyota

Toyota began its activity with the manufacture of looms, and only in 1933 a car assembly workshop was opened.

To date, Toyota is the largest corporation producing more than a dozen car models and supplying products to almost all corners of the planet. The main office of the enterprise is based in the city of the same name Toyota.

Second World War negatively affected the work of the company, and it was possible to fully restore production only by 1956. A year later, deliveries began to the USA and Brazil, and after another 5 years - to Europe.

By 2007, Toyota has earned the title of the largest automobile manufacturer and to this day successfully holds it.

Certain difficulties arose in the periods of 2008-2009, when due to the financial crisis, the concern ended the year with losses, but after a while the company managed to outperform such giants as General Motors and Volkswagen.

By 2015, Toyota brand cars were recognized as the most expensive and in demand in the premium segment.

The main activity of the company is the manufacture of cars and buses.

The main facilities for the production of cars are located in Japan, but the concern's factories are scattered around the world.

Production is carried out in the following countries:

Thailand (Samut Prakan);
USA (Kentucky);
Indonesia (Jakarta);
Canada (Ontario) and others.

The concern's products are sent to Japan (about 45%), North America (about 13%), Asia, Europe and other regions of the world. Dealerships for the sale and Toyota service open in several dozen countries, and their number is only growing.

Sales in Russia

The history of Toyota cars in Russia began almost 20 years ago. So, in 1998, a representative office of the concern was opened in Moscow.

The first sales success showed the correctness of the chosen vector, and after a while (in 2002) a marketing and sales company began to work. This year is considered a full-fledged start of activity. Japanese manufacturer on the territory of the country.

In the future, relations between Japan and Russia in the automotive and other sectors have been actively developed. So, in 2007, Toyota Bank began operating in the Russian Federation, based in two cities - St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Financial institutions provided loans to customers and acted as lenders to official dealers Lexus and Toyota.

By the way, Toyota became the first manufacturer that managed to open its banks on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Popularity in 2015 Toyota cars reached its peak, which was confirmed by a record number of sales. About a hundred thousand cars were sold through official dealers.

The following models are in the greatest demand - Camry, RAV 4, Land Cruiser, Prado and others.

An interesting fact is that the Land Cruiser 200 in premium segment occupies a leading position in sales, and its share is almost 45%.

Models that are assembled in Russia - factories

In 2005, an agreement was drawn up between the Russian government and the Toyota concern on the construction of a plant for the production of cars in the industrial zone of St. Petersburg.

The project was launched after 2 years, and the first "domestic" model was Toyota Camry.

Initially, the sales volume was 20,000 cars annually, but the concern's representatives planned to increase the figure to 300,000 units.

All cars that were produced in Russia were intended for the domestic market.

Despite the popularity of the product Japanese brand, by 2014, sales decreased, and in the first 6 months about 13,000 cars were made, which turned out to be 1.5% less than in the same period in 2013.

To expand production, it was decided to supply Toyota Camry, made near St. Petersburg, to other countries - Belarus and Kazakhstan.

Despite some problems, the plant continues to develop. Thus, the construction of new stamping shops has recently been completed, and in 2016 it was possible to launch the production of RAV4.

The main issue concerns the build quality, which many do not like.

In 2013, the production of another representative of the Toyota concern, Land Cruiser Prado. The Far East became the center of production. At the same time, the start of assembly in Russia did not lead to cheaper products, and prices remained at the same level. The planned production volume is 25 thousand cars annually.

The manufacture of machines in the Far East is focused on the domestic consumer - the Russian market.

In addition to the factories mentioned, Toyota for Russia is assembled in the following countries:

Japan (Takhara) is one of largest suppliers. Ten models of cars have been produced here since 1918, and the total turnover exceeds 8 million cars annually. About three hundred thousand employees are involved in servicing the facilities.
France (Valenciennes);
Japan (Tahara);
England (Bernanston);
Türkiye (Sakarya).

Where is the Toyota Camry assembled?

The Camry model belongs to the D-class cars. Its production has been established in many countries of the world - China, the Russian Federation, Australia, England, the USA and, of course, in Japan itself.

During its existence, seven generations of the car have been produced and so far the manufacturer does not plan to slow down. Depending on the generation, the car may belong to the premium or middle classes.

Until 2008 Toyota Camry for the Russian market were produced in Japan. After the opening of the plant in Shushary domestic consumers offered cars assembled at their own facilities. This is what happens to this day.

Toyota Corolla

One of the most popular in the Russian Federation is the model. This is a compact vehicle, the production of which has been established since 1966. After another 8 years (in 1974), the car entered the Guinness Book of Records - it became the best-selling car in the world.

In 2016, this model turned 50 years old, and during this period more than 40 million cars were sold.

Previously, Corolla was assembled only in Japan, at the Takaoka plant. The situation changed in 2013, when the manufacturer introduced the 11th generation of the machine.

Since that moment, the assembly of Corolla for Russia has been carried out in Turkey, in the city of Sakarya. Deliveries of automotive equipment are carried out through Novorossiysk.

Today, only “Turkish” Corolla cars are available to motorists in the Russian Federation, but real “Japanese” can also be found in the secondary market.

There is a lot of discussion about build quality. According to the reviews of car owners and specialists, it almost did not change.

Factory in Turkey installed modern equipment, a staff of qualified employees has been recruited, and quality control is carried out by representatives of Toyota themselves.

It is worth noting that earlier Japanese brand Corolla cars were already produced in Turkey (from 1994 to 2006). Cars were sold not only on the territory of the Russian Federation, but also in other countries.

Toyota RAV 4

The RAV 4 model has earned popularity due to its compactness, solid appearance and rich “stuffing”.

Crossover production began in 1994, and initially the car was aimed at young people. The number "4" in the name means the presence of permanent all-wheel drive.

Today, this crossover is in great demand among motorists in the Russian Federation. Until recently, assembly was carried out only in Japan at two factories - Takaoka and Taharan. This was until August 22, 2016. It was on this day that the first car of the model rolled off the assembly line of the plant in St. Petersburg.

The cars are planned to be sold not only in Russia, but also in a number of other countries - Kazakhstan and Belarus.

Toyota Prado

Model Toyota Land Cruiser Prado - pride Japanese concern. This SUV is rightfully considered one of the best representative brand.

The benefits include elevated level comfort, rich equipment and a luxurious salon. The car is produced in 3 and 5-door versions.

Starting from the second generation, production was carried out with an emphasis on the Toyota 4Runner platform, but already from the 3rd generation, production was launched under the name Lexus GX.

The greatest interest for domestic buyers are cars produced in Japan. It is they who are considered "purebred Japanese". All three Land models Cruiser (100, 200 and Prado) are assembled in Japan at the Tahara plant.

By the way, in 2013, the assembly of these cars was launched in Russia at an enterprise in Vladivostok, but already in 2015 the idea had to be abandoned. The reason was the low level of sales.

Toyota Avensis

The next representative of the D-class from the Japanese brand is Toyota Avensis. The main competitors are Opel Vectra and others.

In the European market, the car replaced the Toyota Carina E, and in 2007 the Avensis station wagon appeared, which replaced Kaldina.

Despite the Japanese affiliation, cars have never been assembled on the territory of Japan. And in general, Avensis is not intended for Japanese market. The main consumers are European countries and Russia.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, cars manufactured in England are mainly sold at a plant in Derbyshire.

The first cars left the assembly line in 2008, and a year later their number exceeded 115,000. There are no complaints about the quality - everything is done with English precision and scrupulousness.

Toyota Hilux

Automobile Toyota Hilux represents a special medium-sized pickup truck, which has been sold in Russia since 2010.

Due to the longitudinal arrangement of the motor, the frame structure, as well as all-wheel drive, the machine has earned popularity all over the world. To date, eight generations of this car have been produced.

For Russia, Toyota Hilux is assembled in two countries - Thailand and South Africa. Generally speaking, assembly for other countries has also been established in Argentina and Indonesia.

Toyota Highlander

Another representative of the Japanese brand, Toyota Highlander, deserves special attention. This vehicle belongs to the SUV class and is based on Toyota K.

The first performance took place in 2000. The main consumers are young people aged 20-30 years.

Initially, the model was intended for sales only in Japan. In the Highlander class, it is higher than RAV 4, but inferior to Prado.

The main consumers of this car are the Americans, but there is also a certain demand in Russia.

Vehicles assembled in the USA (Indiana, Preston) and slightly adapted to local conditions arrive on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Sienna minivans are also assembled here. The car is also produced in Japan, but these models are sent to the EU countries.

Toyota Venza

Car Toyota Venza belongs to the class of 5-seater crossovers. Initially, the car was produced for the United States, but since 2013 it has also been introduced to the Russian market.

Toyota Venza is positioned as a car for young families who travel a lot and love an active lifestyle. The first sales in the world started at the end of 2008.

The model differs in reliability, rich functional content and comfort. In 2012, shortly before the start of sales in Russia, a restyled version was introduced.

Since 2015, the car has not been sold in the United States, and in 2016, sales on the Russian market also stopped. Today, the Toyota Venza can still be found in the Chinese and Canadian markets.

Toyota Yaris

Model Toyota Yaris- compact "Japanese", made in the back of a hatchback. Vehicle production started in 1999.

The name Yaris was borrowed from the name of the ancient Greek goddess of joy and fun (the original name is Charis).

The second name of the car is Vitz, but it only applies to cars made for the Japanese market.

In Europe and Japan, the car appeared in one year - in 1999. In 2005, a 2nd generation car was introduced, and in 2006 sales started in Russia.

Machines of the 3rd generation were produced only in Japan, at a factory in Yokohama, and were intended for the domestic market. Soon production started in France, from where the model gets to the EU and Russia.

Toyota FJ Cruiser

FJ Cruiser car from Toyota is a compact SUV, which is made in the original retro style.

The concept was first presented in 2003, and production itself was launched two years later.

In the US and Canada, the first sales started in 2007. Externally, the car resembles the FJ40 model, which was produced 50 years ago.

The car is made only in Japan. At the same time, in 2014, sales of this model in the United States were discontinued.

Over the past two years, cars could be purchased in the markets of Japan, China, Australia and a number of other countries. In 2016, the company announced its intention to stop production of the FJ Cruiser.

Toyota Prius

The electric motor is capable of performing the functions of a generator and recharging the battery.

Cars are produced exclusively in Japan, at the Tsutsumi plant. In 2015, a new generation of the car was introduced, and since February 2017, the first orders have been received from Russia.

In Toyota cars, the following can be located:

In the left corner of the dashboard;
Under the front passenger seat (on the right side);
on the frame open door driver.

You can recognize the country of origin by the first three characters. If the first character is J, the car is made in Japan.

Here it is worth highlighting the following options:

SB1 - UK;
AHT and ACU - South Africa;
VNK - France;
TW0 and TW1 - Portugal;
3RZ - Mexico;
6T1 - Australia;
LH1 - China;
PN4 - Malaysia;
5TD, 5TE, 5X0 - USA.

Also, when decrypting, you should focus on 11 characters.

The options are:

From 0 to 9 - country of origin Japan;
C - country of origin Canada;
M, S, U, X, Z - USA manufacturing country.

The following digits are the serial number.

For a complete breakdown of the VIN code for a Toyota car, see below.

Despite the existing difficulties, Toyota continues to develop. And if old models disappear from the market, they are replaced by even more interesting and modern cars.

The manufacturer also holds its position in the Russian market, which is confirmed by the release of new models at local facilities.

An article about Toyota cars - how they compare favorably with other brands. Features of cars of the Japanese brand. At the end of the article - an interesting video about Toyota cars.

The content of the article:

The automotive giant Toyota is not only a Japanese economic miracle, not only an advanced developer of high technologies, but a special world with its deep philosophy, special approach to personnel and thoughtful attitude to each of its creations. That is why their cars are so different from all other world brands.

1. Conservative

The quality of Toyota cars, elevated to the rank of "legendary", is largely due to a certain conservatism of Japanese engineers. It's strange to hear that, given how cutting-edge research the company is doing. Nevertheless, it is technical innovations that Toyota uses almost later than all other automakers. So it was, for example, with an aluminum cylinder block, on which engineers all over the world rushed to replace heavy cast iron ones. And Toyota specialists preliminarily weighed all the pros and cons:

the engine becomes 30 kg lighter;
fundamentally the total weight of the car aluminum block does not reduce;
certain operational nuances appear, such as a stronger overheating of the block compared to cast iron.

As a result, Toyota engineers learned how to produce and use such blocks, but were in no hurry to actively apply them on their models.
A similar situation is with the vacuum sensor, which is responsible for the air flow in the motor control system. Unlike such common air flow sensors, they are almost anachronistic, but they almost never fail over the entire period of vehicle operation.

2. Suppliers

Attributing the incredible reliability of cars only due to the skill of Japanese engineers will not work. Models oriented to the European market are not produced in China, but in other countries, including Russia. However, Toyota knows how to select its suppliers of those Supplies that it does not produce itself. For example, all electronic stuffing it acquires from Nippon Denso. Founded in 1949, this company has become a world leader in electrical and electronics, air conditioning and radiators, heaters and communications. On this moment it has about 70 production facilities in 22 countries, supplying assembly shops with the necessary components.

innovative car candles With the world's thinnest 0.4mm iridium electron, Nippon Denso provides the power reserve to ensure stable ignition in the most extreme conditions. And Nippon Denso's U-shaped groove design ensures improved ignition and absolute combustion of the fuel, significantly increasing the efficiency of the car.

Only the resistors present in Nippon Denso spark plugs reduce not only car radio interference, but also prevent their influence on the navigator, fuel control systems and ABS.

All this together increases the overall reliability of Toyota vehicles, especially in comparison with Nissan, Mazda, Mitsubishi, which use spare parts from the same Mitsubishi and Hitachi.

The same can be said about the wonderful "indestructible" automatic boxes purchased from Aisin Warner. Two Japanese corporations have been cooperating for more than a decade, together tirelessly improving the quality of cars produced. Aisin is a large machine-building enterprise, which is a member of the "big three" of global manufacturers automatic transmissions. Its products have proven themselves since the 80s, when the Japanese auto industry flooded into our country on a large scale. Moreover, those car owners who still drive the models purchased at that time assure that the gearbox is still functioning perfectly.

Of course, nothing is eternal, but in this case It's about the size of the repair. In the context of automatic transmissions installed on Toyota cars, which are simple, strong and durable, the scale of repair work is not comparable to the daunting replacement of electronic components in other automotive brands with more "fancy" boxes. The reason for this phenomenon is simple - there is nothing to break in the simple design of Aisin transmissions. And those minor problems that sometimes arise are mostly related to improper operation by the driver himself.

3. Assembly

For the most part, cars owe their reliability to the right process assemblies. Each operation performed on the conveyor must be fully completed and at the same time completed with high quality. To control this action, the workshops are equipped with special devices that do not allow assembly to continue if something is done incorrectly.

Thus, in the production of Toyota, there cannot be such a situation that the wrong part goes to the next site, and then is finalized. Employees immediately report any deviation from the norm to the management, even if it is a trifle in the form of a bolt that is not fully tightened. The foreman tries to fix the problem without slowing down the conveyor, but if this fails, then the work stops to analyze the problem and solve it competently.

4. Quality control

A multi-stage system of external quality control is even more complex and responsible than the assembly process. Each workshop independently checks the models for the so-called critical points. This is the car's compliance with the law, checking threaded connections, safety, atmospheric emissions and other things. All hinged panels are controlled on body geometry, and for every 20th car, the body is checked completely at more than 500 control points.

Also, each workshop is subjected to an external inspection at the end of the working day, which examines all changes, and especially deviations that occurred during the production process.

The final inspection awaits each model produced before being sent to the warehouse. Absolutely all cars are inspected for appearance compliance - build quality, paintwork - and for functional characteristics, such as camber / toe angles, engine, chassis and transmission, electronic assistants and other parameters.

5. Innovation

Toyota once again received the title of one of the most innovative automotive corporations in the world. The company has always been focused on continuous self-improvement, so every year it issues more patents for latest developments than all other automakers combined. With its own research and development center, Toyota is constantly equipping its models with new systems that make it easier for the owner to manage. Moreover, the novelties introduced by it are not only actively taking root among motorists, but other manufacturers are also adopting them.

Among the latest innovations, it is worth noting the following:

an adaptive lighting system that directs the beam of light depending on the turn of the steering wheel;
built-in air ionizer;
system safety sense, which includes a package of pre-crash safety components, a warning about a violation road markings, automatic switch on high beam for optimal visibility at night and turning it off when another vehicle appears on the horizon; radar to detect dangerously close objects that threaten a collision;
the IDDS stability control is supplemented with new functions, such as reducing the engine speed when deviating, reducing the power of the power steering, selective braking of the wheels, redistribution of torque;
continuous improvement of the climate control system;
replacement of all optics with LED;
the introduction of “smart” panoramic cameras that collect data and transmit them to the central display so that the driver can better navigate the traffic situation and predict in advance the passage of difficult sections of the route;
improved cruise control, which maintains not only the set speed, but also the permissible distance to the vehicle in front.

6. Engines

No wonder there is an opinion among the people that the engines installed on any of the Toyota models are the best. They really are so unique in their kind that connoisseurs of quality units will prefer a budget engine from Toyota to a more expensive product from another manufacturer. Why have engines gained such immense popularity?

In all cars, the engine compartment is very rationally arranged. Therefore, even in the event of a need for repair, it is not necessary to disassemble many parts and assemblies in order to carry out diagnostics or minor repairs. All this significantly reduces the cost of maintenance and repair work Toyota cars.
The company does not spare funds for the development of its motors, from which they differ in really excellent characteristics.
Every detail, every part of the engine is selected so carefully to ensure the slowest possible wear, trouble-free operation and good maintainability.

7. Operation

If we compare Toyota cars with their “classmates” in terms of engine size, cost of spare parts and other equal parameters, then they significantly win in terms of maintenance costs. Some car owners may argue that the same German car industry needs repairs much less often. This is true, but even the most insignificant action regarding the “German” will cost much more than equivalent work with a Toyota car.

8. Focus on the future

It was Toyota who first realized the importance of hybrid cars and was the first to introduce its Toyota Prius. Since then, 20 years have passed, and the company has already sold more than 10 million hybrids. Despite the fact that almost the whole world was sure of the failure of the concept itself and did not believe in the success of the car put into production, Toyota has always had the gift of providence.

And even hybrid cars of the Japanese manufacturer differ from similar models. The batteries installed on them, also developed by Toyota, have an incredible lifespan comparable to the life of the car itself. Engineers guarantee that the battery in a conventional car will have to be changed more often than in a hybrid that has a special lithium-ion battery.

9. Cost

Toyota cars can rightfully be called popular. Manifold model range allows each motorist to choose a transport to his taste and budget. In that fundamental difference a brand that immediately positioned itself as a democratic company in all respects. If we compare Toyota cars with direct competitors - the "Germans", the latter initially could not boast budget models than themselves led to Japanese expansion.

10. Adaptation

Coming on Russian market and having familiarized with our off-road, Toyota tried to adapt its models to the existing conditions as much as possible. No sensitive suspension, no ceramic coating on the cylinders and, most importantly, resistance to sudden climate changes.

Video about Toyota cars:

Probably, every person in our time wants to use only high-quality things, and cars are no exception. You want to buy a car that will serve you as a masterpiece modern technologies, and get untold pleasure from riding it? Actually the question is rhetorical.

So, if you want such a car for yourself, then in this case you need to look at a Toyota Camry car, since this car is exactly what you need. It is worth noting that the Toyota Camry contains all the positive qualities of cars - reliability, safety, as well as quality. This car It will make you look solid and will also give you self-confidence.

In fact, a Toyota Camry car today is more than a vehicle, because driving this car a person begins to feel like a real and living person who takes everything positive from life.

It is worth paying attention to the comfort that Toyota cars have, because they are magnificent. Excellent external data, comfort, spaciousness and many other qualities that are interesting to every driver of a vehicle will be pursued if you sit in the salon of this magnificent car. Technical equipment and smoothness of movement - far from the last pleasant moments that serve in favor of the car Japanese made.

The Toyota Camry is a fairly powerful vehicle, and passengers sitting in the cabin may not notice the speed of movement. It is also unlikely that you will be able to hear any extraneous noise while driving a Toyota Camry car, because manufacturers have taken great care to minimize wind noise and other extraneous sounds due to excellent flow.

Let's take another Toyota car, the Land Cruiser, as an example. This is a car that needs no introduction. For over 60 years, this SUV has been renowned for its technical specifications, super passability, and also amazingly serious design.

Of course, this is a completely different car - this is a huge jeep, although it is not very fast, it accelerates to 100 km per hour in 9 seconds, but its weight is certainly impressive. In general, the Land Cruiser is not a racing jeep, like, namely, a huge SUV, a tank, one might say.

It is worth noting the car Toyota Land Cruiser Prado. This car is one of a kind.

Petrol 6-cylinder engine with VVT-i system, which can develop a power of 282 horsepower. This indicator is the best among cars of this class.

Another car that deserves attention is the Toyota Avensis. This car was developed with a focus on the European market, as one of the competitors. It combines high tech, exquisite design, modern style, power, confidence and dynamism.

We are accustomed to the fact that Japanese automakers today are some of the best in the world, to say the least. So, Japanese-made cars most often delight us with their quality, reliability, and comfort than car manufacturers from other countries. It is worth noting that in addition to all the positive qualities, Toyota cars also have high class superior to other "Japanese".

We will focus on the fact that Toyota cars are especially popular in the Far Eastern regions of Russia. For example, in Vladivostok, Toyota is incredibly popular due to the fact that the city is not so far from the border with Japan, so it’s a sin not to take such a luxurious car for yourself. Of course, there are also others in Vladivostok, but it is Toyota that is the most popular brand, and this is understandable.

In the era of the overall progress of mankind, it is not at all difficult to get acquainted with the prices for cars of this brand, since this can be done on the Web. Naturally, each person can take an interest in Japanese-made cars personally by arriving at a dealership located in their hometown. All the information you need, as well as details and addresses official representatives Every person can find Toyota brands on the Internet, which will give him the opportunity to save personal money.

It is worth paying attention to the optimism, diligence, mutual assistance, as well as the enthusiasm of the Japanese, as the hardworking people managed to quickly restore the consequences of the accident at the Fukushima 1 nuclear power plant, which arose due to a strong earthquake. Today, the production of Toyota cars has been completely restored and is ready to delight with its cars, competing with many!

And this video shows how tenacious the Toyota Corolla is:

In 1933, the company opened an automobile division, headed by the son of the owner of the "holding" - Kiichiro Toyoda.

1936 Toyota AA

Shortly before this, in 1929, Kiichiro Toyoda made trips to Europe and the United States to study the automobile industry. And in 1930 he began to develop cars with gasoline engine. The Japanese government strongly encouraged such an initiative of a promising company. In 1936, the first-born Toyota appeared - the G1 truck, and a little later the AA sedan and AB phaeton. Not surprisingly, the first Toyota cars resembled cars from overseas brands such as Dodge and Chevrolet. In 1937, the automobile division was transformed into an independent structure - Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. In 1938, the Toyota AE was released. During World War II, the company produced trucks for the Japanese army. Due to severe shortages in Japan at that time, military trucks were made in the most simplified versions. In 1943, guest manager Taichi Ohno introduces a system for optimizing the production process under the motto "Just in Time". In 1947, the production of Toyota BM and Toyota SB trucks began, as well as Toyota SA cars, nicknamed "Toyopet" for their compactness.

1957 Toyopet Crown

In 1949 Japanese company tries his hand at bus manufacturing. At the same time, Toyota SD enters the market. In 1950, an independent sales company, Toyota Motor Sales, was established and a year later it began to sell new products: a Toyota SF car, Toyota truck BX and the company's first jeep, the Toyota BJ. In 1952, the founder of the company, Kiichiro Toyoda, dies. And in Toyota history On the contrary, the heyday begins. The image of the company, and of Japanese cars in general, increases significantly in 1955, when the BJ jeep becomes more harmonious Land Cruiser and quite respectable Toyota Crown- the first representative of the land of the rising sun in America. Moreover, the export, which started in 1957, was not limited to the United States, it also affected Brazil. True, the first attempt to export Toyota cars to the American market ended not entirely successfully. But soon, after correcting the implementation strategy, Toyota corrected this and opened an official representative office in the United States. By the way, this was not the first foreign outpost of Toyota. It all started with a representative office in Thailand, opened in the same 1957. Two years later, the production of Toyota Land Cruiser SUVs was organized in Brazil, and another Toyota representative office was opened in Australia. In 1960, Toyota Motor Co. starts massive offensive to European markets. Released in 1961 Toyota model The Publica is a small economical car that quickly became popular.

1973 Toyota Publica Starlet

In 1962, Toyota celebrated the release of the one millionth car, cumulatively produced. The sixties were a period of improvement economic situation in Japan, and, as a result, the rapid growth of car sales. The network of Toyota dealers abroad is actively developing - in South Africa, in Europe and Asia. Has achieved Toyota success in the US market - the Corona model, has become widespread and has become the most popular Japanese car on overseas market. The following year, 1966, Toyota releases its "hit" - Toyota Corolla and the ambitious Toyota 2000GT sports coupe. At the same time, the company enters into a business agreement with the reputable Japanese automaker Hino. A year later, Toyota merges with Daihatsu. The result of joint activities is a commercial Toyota Hiace. And a year later appears toyota pickup Hilux. The 1970s were marked by rapid growth production capacity, which allows by 1972 to reach the figure of 10 million. cars produced since the founding of the company.

To popularize Toyota brand Toyota team Europe is formed in 1975. In 1978, the production of such famous models like Celica XX, Sprinter, Carina, Tercel. It is noteworthy that Tercel became the first front-wheel drive Japanese car. Further overcoming the energy crisis and the resulting financial difficulties, Toyota entered the next decade. In 1982 Toyota Motor and Toyota Motor Sales merge to form Toyota Motor Corporation. Release begins legendary Toyota Camry. By this point, Toyota had finally established itself as the largest automobile manufacturer in Japan, ranking third in the world in terms of production. In 1983, Toyota signs a multi-year cooperation agreement with General Motors, and the following year, car production begins at their joint venture in the United States. In 1986, the 50 million milestone was reached in terms of the total production of cars Toyota brands. The emergence of the Lexus brand, a division of Toyota created to enter the premium car market, can be considered a striking event of the 80s. And in 1987, Toyota Motor Corporation begins cooperation with Volkswagen to produce pickup trucks in Germany. 1990 was marked by the opening of its own design center in Tokyo. In 1994, Toyota Motor Corporation introduced the world to its first-generation RAV4 crossover.

1994 Toyota RAV4

In addition, Toyota continues its global expansion. And in new developments, great attention is paid to ecology. That is why in 1997 the world's first production hybrid Toyota Prius was put on the conveyor. The year before, in 1996, Toyota produced its 90 millionth car, and three years later, its 100 millionth. In 2000, Prius sales reached 50,000 worldwide, and a new generation of the RAV4 was launched. By the way, the European design center of the company was opened at the same time. The year 2002 can be distinguished thanks to the cooperation of Toyota Motor Corporation with PSA to create a trinity of minicars: Toyota Aygo, Citroen C1 and Peugeot107, the opening of Toyota Motor LLC in Russia (marketing and sales) and, of course, in connection with the appearance of the Toyota team in racing Formula 1, which lasted seven years. In 2007 under construction Toyota plant near St. Petersburg, where the seventh generation Toyota Camry has been produced since 2011. In the same 2007, Toyota Motor Corporation first released and sold more cars than General Motors. By the way, GM held the palm of the world championship for 76 years. Today, Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the world's largest car manufacturers, producing about one car every five seconds. In 2012, Toyota celebrated its 75th anniversary with the release of the 200 millionth vehicle.