IN modern world the number of happy owners of vehicles is increasing dramatically, respectively, and the need for repair work is proportionally growing. No one is safe from sudden breakdowns and accidents, so every driver should have a notebook with the phone numbers of evacuation services at hand and service centers. According to statistics, car owners most often use body repair services, since this is the most visible part of the car. IN modern cars the body is load-bearing, that is, it simultaneously acts as a frame, the main part to which the rest of the car parts and spare parts are attached, as well as places where passengers are accommodated.
Body repair the car is needed in such cases:
- Damage to the top layer of the paintwork
- Corrosion and other metal damage
- Presence of damage due to impacts and other mechanical influences
The general technology of car body repair presented on the website http://pokraskamashin.ru/remont/tehnologiya-pochinki-kuzova/ is a local and complete processes troubleshooting and damage. Many drivers prefer to do all the work themselves, but this solution requires the owner vehicle considerable professional skills and availability special tools. At home, it is quite possible to perform such procedures as restoring the paintwork, painting a car, straightening the body, replacing glass, etc. Despite such a variety of repair work to restore the original appearance of the body, most often it is still painted.
Stages of the principles of auto body repair technology with painting
In the process of such work, each driver must remember that in any case he will need a welding machine. Not every car owner can carry out a complete body repair on their own, therefore, before starting work, you need to familiarize yourself with all the information, as well as study the sequence of stages.
Stages of body repair aimed at restoring the geometry of a car
- Elimination of signs of corrosion. To do this, you need a welding machine, epoxy resin, fiberglass.
- Repairing visible damage to the bumper. It is carried out by gluing with fiberglass and epoxy glue holes and cracks.
- Repair of aluminum parts. The ideal option would be to purchase new parts, however, the original appearance of aluminum parts can be given by argon welding.
- Straightening. In the process of straightening the body, all irregularities are eliminated.
- Painting.
- Thorough car polish
Regardless of type and scale body work, the technology for their implementation remains complex, therefore, before proceeding with the repair, it is necessary to seek help and advice from specialists who can choose high-quality materials and tools necessary for the successful completion of car body repairs.
The use of the machine for its intended purpose, and not as an exhibition item, implies constant wear of the paintwork (the appearance of scratches, chips), and correction of the shape of the metal may be required even without participation in an accident. Body repair technology is a whole science in which skill and tool are on an equal footing. Trying to describe all types of restoration and repair work in one article is impossible. However, some operations are performed more often than others, which makes it possible to single out a general algorithm of actions and a list of tools.
First of all, the place of damage (and preferably the entire body) is cleaned of dirt. The diagnosis that follows this determines the nature of wear, deformation and the method of repairing the car. There are three types of damage:
- Mechanical deformations (curvature body metal, dents, etc.);
- Destruction protective coating(paints, varnishes, primers);
- Corrosion.
Simple mechanical damage
By strength and nature, this type of damage can be divided into strong and weak, requiring and not requiring welding work, painting, etc. When choosing materials and tools, you should also pay attention to the repair area, because it makes no sense to buy expensive equipment for the sake of small dent or resort to painting to eliminate a few scratches. Repair work, carried out without painting, refers more to aesthetic procedures, since car paintwork in this case, it is capable of performing protection functions without recovery.
Minor dents and distortions are restored with straightening tools designed for limited impact on metal: light rubber hammers, slipways, clamps, etc. professional equipment in this case, it is not required, and the scratches are repaired with wax pencils. Ready-made kits for such procedures are available for sale (pencils, glues, hoods for deformations and suction cups) - the only difficulty in repair lies in the dosed and precise application of force.
Repairs made by hoods and suction cups do not require qualifications - all instructions are usually supplied with the tool itself. You can avoid painting a car by polishing: with the help of this procedure, small errors made in the work are leveled. It is not recommended to take a car with such damage to the service, because the workshops are reluctant to fix small scratches, but always insist on the need for extensive painting.
Major Damage Repair
IN without fail updating the paintwork may require a car whose body is deformed so much that welding or the use of putty is indispensable. First stage similar works– metal cleaning from old paints, rust and putty. Cleaning is done as carefully as possible, because no welding is possible without complete cleaning and degreasing of the metal. In addition to the actual welding, the following tools may be required:
- Hammers, chisels, straightening anvils;
- Pneumatic hammer;
- Inversion hammer;
- Dent removal kit;
- Hydraulic tools;
- Hydraulic pump;
- Chains and tension belts;
- Putty.
- Measuring tool.
Removing rust from a car is possible not only by mechanical cleaning, but also by pickling. In some cases it is possible to get by with metal patches applied by welding, in others a rust converter or a mixture of fiberglass with epoxy resin is required. Significant, general deformations of the body cannot be corrected without the presence of factory stands or their analogues. However, bench equipment is designed to restore the shape of the body as a whole, and local repair car can be produced on their own. The technology is based on following from rough works to precise ones, to small forms from general ones.
The basic principle of mechanical restoration of the car body is to minimize the layer of putty. Putty solutions are used to eliminate small deformations, but they significantly worsen the mechanical properties of the metal, and vibration-resistant putties cost a lot. Therefore, it is preferable to work with hammers and anvils: the absence of putty on the repaired car speaks of the skill of the “tinsmith”.
Stretching body and roof
Significant deformations of the body require work with special, robotic stands. Their main feature is the presence in the design of an electronic measurement system to control the process directly during the repair. The simplest slipway can be made in your own garage, since there are plenty of schemes on the Internet, but the technology for correcting such damage is different for each car. The car body has measurement points that are different for each model. They can be measured car lines, but the exact information can only be given by electronic system measurements.
Of course, it is easier to make measurements and repair on a platform slipway, but most enthusiasts have to make do with frame slipways. The main thing is that the frame has reliable attachment points located in the places necessary to work with this car. After determining the nature of the curvature, calculate the direction in which the application of force is required. The car is firmly fixed on the slipway frames and in right place wrapped with a chain connected to a tensioning tool. The force generated by the jacks must be directed strictly in reverse side from the direction of curvature.
Measurements are made directly during the stretching - in accordance with them, changes are made to the process. With a conventional hydraulic tool and platform jig, it is difficult to get the body shape right the first time. However, the number of attempts, with care, is unlimited.
The technology for restoring roof geometry is more complicated, and before starting independent work experts need to be consulted. An improperly restored roof can become a real big problem. Unlike other body parts, the roof has a large area, and therefore requires simultaneous control over a dozen parameters.
Modern tools allow you to work without dismantling the desired part, but the master faces the problem of keeping other elements of the car intact. Therefore, the main principle of body work is not to harm other parts. This equally applies directly to the correction technology. mechanical damage, and to the final stage of repair - painting.
During the operation of the vehicle, the surface of the body undergoes serious damage. They are expressed by small or deep scratches, dents, other changes that require repair, which can be done, including without painting.
Restoring a car after body deformation is a multi-stage technical process. This requires several factors:
- specialists of appropriate qualification;
- proven technology;
- Equipment and materials.
Masters at the stations are capable of carrying out work taking into account all requirements Maintenance. The organization has several activities related to body repair.
How is paintless repair done?
It is quickly possible to completely restore the body with minor damage.
High-quality car repair without painting (PDR) is carried out if:
- there are no scratches, chips, other damage to the paintwork on the body part;
- V trouble spot there are no signs of metal tightening.
The service uses modern technologies that allow you to eliminate:
- small dents;
- distortions;
- factory defects.
At specialized service stations, two methods of auto repair are practiced:
- traditional (influencing tools from the inside);
- adhesive (tools are used only outside).
The second method has an advantage in case of damage near hard-to-reach places, where it is not possible to penetrate with the tools of the classic version.
When working, a set of tools is fully or partially used:
- drill-mill;
- set of drills;
- engine compartment shock absorber on a telescopic strut;
- a device for removing trim clips;
- a device for fixing doors in a half-open form;
- lamp on a vacuum holder;
- a knife for removing sealant;
- mini-lifter for leveling body defects;
- support (for the roof);
- fluoroplastic chipper (for external defects);
- protective device (when repairing doors).
Positive and negative aspects of technology
Advantages:
- paintwork remains unchanged;
- technology takes up to 60 minutes;
- affordable price with decent quality;
- there is no need to purchase and select paint of the desired tone, abrasive materials.
Flaws:
- inability to perform work independently;
- not suitable for Soviet cars, because of insufficient density metal.
Specialist with great experience body work without painting will complete the task quickly, clearly and efficiently. This category includes the replacement of body components. Part installed differs in color, therefore a complete painting of the car is inevitable.
Comprehensive repair and painting
The process described in the first section becomes the initial one. Then, further repair and painting of cars using other technologies is carried out.
After the body defects have been eliminated, the locksmith performs the following actions on the object:
- degreases;
- grinds;
- applies an anti-corrosion layer;
- sprays primer lining;
- colors;
- dries.
Before taking your car for service, you need to make sure that the institution is equipped with painting equipment. For a complete update of the body, the presence of a pun (special camera) is required.
You will need the following materials:
- Airbrush with compressor.
- Sander.
- Putty, primer.
- Solvent and white spirit.
- Emery skin.
- Dye.
Step-by-step description of technology
The specialist works quickly when the service station has the necessary technical base. High-quality car painting will not increase the cost of work on a normal service. But the result will remain for a long time.
Work is best done with materials from one manufacturer. Preparatory stage it is better to carry out with a drill with nozzles, sandpaper of different grain sizes. You need to degrease with a special solution.
A drill with nozzles for sandpaper processes the main surface. For hard-to-reach areas, grouting is carried out manually. Automotive putty will prevent the formation deep scratches. In the process, the surface is periodically wetted with water. Preparation is completed by washing the treated area and drying.
It is necessary to carefully degrease the metal, leaving no gaps. Next, a layer of primer is applied to the dry surface. The spray gun moves away from the body up to thirty centimeters. According to the technology, the resulting layer is dried with a hairdryer or a fan with a heater.
After drying is complete, you can start sanding. This is necessary for better grip colorant with metal. The principle of operation is the same as for pre-treatment. After that, not a trace of dust should remain. Degreasing in this case will help achieve the desired result.
After the car is dry, preparatory work can be considered completed. In artisanal conditions, painting can be done from aerosol cans. Professional service stations use a compressor and a pun. The gun is held at the same distance as when priming.
First of all, a special paint for cars is sprayed onto the internal parts of the body. You can work in several places at the same time. To speed up the process, you can dry it with a fan, hair dryer. The next layer is applied after the previous one has completely dried. The interval between stages should be twice as long as before the painting itself.
Partial painting after repair work
Complete renovation of the paint layer is a very costly process. Often motorists use a simplified version of painting. Solve problems as they come up.
During the work, the same actions are used as with complex technology. The problem area must be isolated from the rest. The entire surface of the vehicle, including the door glass, windshield and rear, is pasted over with a film or improvised materials that do not allow dust (paint) to pass through.
Sometimes car owners use masking stickers, pencils to eliminate scratches. A brush with paint must be used with technology, otherwise the applied layer will quickly be erased. These funds help only locally, but they will not save from corrosion and destruction of the metal.
But it is worth fixing the paintwork defect as quickly as possible, otherwise the iron friend will quickly rot and over time the cost of repairing a large part of the body will increase significantly. Those who have decided to independently repair a car without painting a video from the workshops will help not to miss anything and do everything right.
The material discussed ways to repair the body with and without painting. If you managed to combine all the necessary factors: from compliance with technology to the use of appropriate equipment, then the car repair can be considered completed.
Expert: Sergey Markelov.
Body repairs and painting are usually done after the vehicle has been involved in an accident. If the machine received not too serious damage, and all defects are limited only by the presence small scratches and dents, then all measures to eliminate them can be done exclusively in the garage and with your own hands. This, of course, will require a certain set of tools and materials, as well as free time, some skills and a desire to bring the car into the appropriate form.
In any case, in financial plan such body repair and painting of the car body will be several times more profitable than those done at a service station. Despite the fact that at home repair absolutely no one will give you any guarantees, if you tune in and study the methodology for carrying out such work, all risks will be minimized - body repair and painting of the car body is not so difficult process as it may seem.
Auto body repair and painting, before and after
Briefly about damage
As a rule, due to small accidents, as well as careless driving, on the surface of the vehicle body, small chips, dents and scratches. They can penetrate both the paintwork and directly into the metal. Before proceeding with body repair and, it is necessary to identify all the places that require intervention. To do this, you must first simply wash and degrease the entire surface of the body well. This is done using the usual detergents. After that, a thorough inspection is carried out in good light and all damaged areas are noted.
It is very important to be aware of the fact that the sooner body repair and painting is done, the better. Otherwise, rust may form at the site of a chip or scratch.
It must also be remembered that such places are much more susceptible to corrosion due to a violation of the layer anti-corrosion coating. If rust is nevertheless formed, this will complicate the process of repairing the damage, increase the cost of the entire procedure due to the fact that the area of the affected area will inevitably be increased. In this case, before working, the user will first need to process all the rusty areas of the metal using special device, the purchase of which can also cost a rather large amount.
The sooner body repair and painting is done, the better.
Repair types
Depending on how significant the damage is, as well as how long ago the previous body repair was carried out, this procedure can be divided into major and local. Everything is simple here - overhaul the entire body is processed, and with local treatment, only that part of it that was damaged. But, if you are not sure that independently carried out activities will give the proper result, contact the service station employees.
Straightening
Body repair and car painting quite often begin with straightening. This occurs in cases where, as a result of an accident, the machine has received serious damage associated with deformations. As a rule, straightening is carried out exclusively using special equipment- reverse hammers, vacuum suction cups and so on. Their use requires skill and certain knowledge, however, in the garage, in any case, it will be possible to level a slightly damaged surface of the vehicle much faster and cheaper than in a specialized workshop.
Please note that straightening on your own can only be done if the dent is small. With extensive damage to the body, you need already special equipment and skills to work with it.
Car body trim
Putty
In any case, repair and painting of the car body will require a putty stage of work. It involves applying this material to the repaired surface in order to even out all chips, scratches and small dents. There are a huge number of types of putties, and all of them are quite easy to use, so that the owner of the car will be able to choose the right material without any problems.
When choosing a putty for finishing the body of your vehicle, pay attention to the following:
- What type of surface is it intended for?
- application method;
- putty type - starting or finishing.
According to its composition, putty can be:
- liquid;
- fine-grained or finishing;
- coarse-grained - it is also the starting one;
- with fiberglass;
- universal type.
Do-it-yourself car body putty
Recently, two-component putty is gaining popularity. But when working with such material, you must strictly follow the instructions from the manufacturer.
The application process is also quite simple. Even an inexperienced user can handle it. If the putty was not applied evenly or if too much was applied, the excess can be removed with abrasive paper or a special tool.
Primer
Without exception, experts recommend priming the surface of the vehicle before proceeding with painting. The thing is that the primer layer will not only provide a higher surface smoothness, but also provide the car with a more high level protection against moisture and, as a result, against corrosion in all its manifestations.
In general, a primer is needed for the following:
- surface leveling;
- adhesion improvement;
- protect the material from external factors impact;
- anti-corrosion protection.
Car primer before painting
The primer can be acrylic, acid and epoxy. The most common is acrylic, as it performs all of the above functions and is also relatively inexpensive.
Please note that the composition of the primer can be one- and two-component. The first is ready for use, and the second must first be diluted with a solvent.
IMPORTANT! Before application, the surface must be degreased with anti-silicone.
It is necessary to apply a primer in several layers - the first, which is also the base, is applied very thinly, the second layer should be applied after 15-20 minutes (if the instructions allow). The substance can be applied with a roller, brush or aerosol.
Painting
This is very milestone, since it will subsequently depend on the quality of its implementation appearance vehicle. The painting itself is best done in a specially prepared room with good lighting and without a single hint of dust in the air - this will directly affect the quality of the coating.
It is very important to choose the right color. It is strongly not recommended to do this by eye. It is better to choose a color according to the wine code or using special equipment. In any case, if you are not sure that you will do the right thing yourself, contact the experts.
Painting a car with a spray gun
Before painting, you need to thoroughly clean the car from dirt and putty residues. The latter can be done with special paper or soft abrasive. To work must be prepared:
- the paint itself;
- spray gun;
- degreaser;
- abrasive paper;
- solvent;
- compressor;
- finishing polish.
The room where the painting will be carried out should be free of drafts, dust and dirt. This is unacceptable, as it will affect the quality. Pay attention to the temperature in the room, as well as the body metal itself. The temperature in the room must match the temperature of the metal.
And, most importantly, the right lighting. Use multiple lamps daylight- so the light will be uniform, and therefore all the flaws will be visible.
Please note that painting the surface of a car after repair should be carried out in two stages - first it is applied base paint in several layers. First, the paint is sprayed with mist, after which the surface is viewed for smudges and other defects. All this is eliminated, and after the first layer has dried, the next, thicker layer of base paint is applied.
Cleanup and final stage
The final step after painting will be the application of varnish. It should be noted that this is the most difficult stage. This is due to the fact that the varnish is transparent, and therefore it is quite difficult to see all the defects.
After painting, many experts advise polishing all surfaces to give the car a respectable shine and eliminate microroughness. For polishing, you can use a special polishing machine or ordinary fabric with a soft texture, as well as special liquid. Polishing is carried out until the surface acquires a characteristic shine, and all areas with a matte color are eliminated.
Outcome
Car body repair and painting can take several hours, but if you take into account the drying time of the paint that will be used in the last stages of work, the whole process can take up to several days.
Gone are the days when even slightly damaged parts required replacement. Thanks to modern equipment and tools, the body repair process has become easier and faster, and the result is better than even 10 or 20 years ago. Today, perhaps, every car service offers two types of body repair - without painting (in the absence of paintwork damage) and painted.
Repair without painting
One of the most important inventions of the 20th century in this area was the technology of car body repair by straightening (pulling out) dents without painting. You can get rid of even large dents without a trace if the paintwork is not damaged. So, devices for vacuum straightening and modern sets rubberized straightening hammers and hooks allow you to eliminate damage with minimal impact on the part. Paintless dent repair is ideal when, for example, there is damage from hail, fallen branches or a minor collision with another vehicle.
Repair with painting
It is resorted to in the presence of chips or scratches on the paintwork. Body repair allows you to restore the original appearance of the most seemingly hopelessly damaged car. Specialized stocks are used to fix and lift the car, and abrasives of various hardness are used to remove paint. A wide range of high-quality putties and paints allows you to choose the most suitable for coating. The services employ colorists who select colors and use in their work computer technology. Modern sprayers are used for uniform coating, drying chambers are used for drying.
