The beginning of the history of Toyota can be considered 1933, when the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, which was originally not related to cars and was engaged in the textile industry, opened an automobile department. It was opened by the eldest son of the owner of the company Sakichi Toyoda (Sakichi Toyoda) Kiichiro Toyoda (Kiichiro Toyoda), who later led the Toyota car brand to world fame. The initial capital for the development of the first cars was the money received from the sale of patent rights for spinning machines to the English company Platt Brothers.

In 1935, work was completed on the first passenger car, called the Model A1 (later AA) and the first Model G1 truck, and in 1936 car model AA has been put into production. At the same time, the first export delivery was made - four G1 trucks went to northern China. A year later, in 1937, the automobile department became a separate company, called Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. This is a brief history of the pre-war development of Toyota.

After the Second World War, in 1947, the production of another model began - Toyota Model SA, and in 1950, in the conditions of the most severe financial crisis, the company survived the first and only strike of its workers. As a result, the corporate policy was revised, the sales department was separated into a separate company - Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. However, for the post-war years, when the Japanese automotive industry, along with other industries, was going through hard times, the company emerged from the crisis not with the best heavy losses.

In the early 1950s, Taiichi Ohno conceived a unique production management system (kanban) that eliminated all types of waste - materials, time, production capacity. In 1962, the system was implemented at the enterprises of the Toyota group and proved its effectiveness, contributing to the success of the company.

In 1952, the founder of the company, Kiichiro Toyoda, died. By this time, Toyota had entered its heyday. In the 50s, the development of their own designs, extensive research were carried out, the model range expanded - a off-road vehicle Cruiser, such a well-known model as Crown, and Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. was founded in the USA, whose task was to export Toyota cars to the American market. True, the first attempt to export Toyota cars to the American market ended in failure - but later, having drawn conclusions and quickly coped with new tasks, Toyota corrected this.

In 1961, a model was released - a small economy car which quickly became popular. In 1962, Toyota celebrated the production of the millionth car in its history. The sixties were a period of improvement economic situation in Japan, and, as a result, the rapid growth of car sales. The network of Toyota dealers abroad is actively developing - in South Africa, in Europe and Asia. Toyota achieved success in the US market - the Corona model, which began to be exported there in 1965, quickly became widespread and became the most popular Japanese car in the foreign market. The following year, 1966, Toyota launches its perhaps most massive car, the Corolla, which continues to be successfully produced to this day, and also enters into a business agreement with Hino, another Japanese automaker. Toyota signed the same agreement with another company - Daihatsu - in 1967.

The 1970s were marked by the construction of new plants and constant technical improvements to the units, as well as the "migration" of innovations from expensive models, where they were originally installed, to cheaper ones. Production of such models as Celica (1970), Sprinter, Carina, Tercel (1978), Mark II begins. Tercel became the first front-wheel drive Japanese car. In 1972, the 10 millionth Toyota car. After overcoming the energy crisis and financial difficulties, introducing raw material austerity, developing an efficient exhaust system under the pressure of air pollution legislation, strengthening internal corporate policies, Toyota entered the next decade.

In the early 80s, or rather, in 1982, Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. and Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. merge into Toyota motor corporation. At the same time, the release of the Camry model begins. By this point, Toyota had finally established itself as the largest automobile manufacturer in Japan, ranking third in the world in terms of production. In 1983, Toyota signs a multi-year agreement with General Motors, and next year, the production of cars on their joint venture in USA. At the same time, the first stage of construction of Toyota's own test site, Shibetsu, was completed, which was fully completed in 1988. In 1986, another milestone was crossed - the 50 millionth Toyota car was already produced. New models are born - Corsa, Corolla II, 4Runner.

One of the main events of the 80s can be considered the emergence of such a brand as Lexus, a division of Toyota created to enter the high-class car market. Prior to this, Japan was associated with small, economical, inexpensive and affordable cars; with the advent of Lexus in the sector of luxurious expensive cars, the situation has changed. A year after the founding of Lexus, in 1989, models such as and were introduced and went on sale.

1990 was marked by the opening of its own design center - Tokyo Design Center. Interestingly, in October of the same year, the first authorized service station in the then Soviet Union. Toyota continues its global expansion - branches are opening in more and more new countries of the world and developing those that have already been opened. In addition, they are very active scientific and technical research; companies such as Toyota System Research Inc. (with Fujitsu Ltd., 1990), Toyota Soft Engineering Inc. (with Nihon Unisys, Ltd., 1991), Toyota System International Inc. (with IBM Japan Ltd. and Toshiba Corp., 1991), etc. In 1992, Toyota Guiding Principles were published - the basic principles of the corporation, an expression of corporate philosophy. Then came the Earth Charter (The Earth Charter) - as a reaction to the growing environmental trends in society. Ecology has had a Toyota development big influence; plans and programs were developed to protect the environment, and in 1997 the Prius model was created, equipped with hybrid engine(Toyota Hybrid System). In addition to the Prius, the Coaster and RAV4 models were equipped with hybrid engines.

In addition, in the 90s, Toyota managed to produce its 70 millionth car (1991), and the 90 millionth (1996), open the Toyota Training Center in Vladivostok in 1992 and conclude dealer agreements with Audi and Volkswagen in 1995 sign a share sharing agreement with Hino and Daihatsu and announce a new global business plan in the same year, and launch variable valve timing (VVT-i) engines. In 1996, Toyota Training Center was opened in Moscow and production of a four-stroke gasoline engine began with direct injection fuel (D-4). In 1997, in addition to the Prius, it was announced the launch of the Raum model, and in 1998 - Avensis and a new generation of the iconic SUV Land cruiser 100. At the same time, Toyota acquired a controlling stake in Daihatsu. The following year, 1999, the 100 millionth Toyota car was produced in Japan. In 2000, Prius sales reached 50,000 worldwide, a new generation of the RAV4 was launched, and in 2001, the 5 millionth Camry was sold in the US. In July last year, Toyota Motor was founded in Russia, and in December Prius sales increased to 80,000.

Today Toyota is one of the world's largest car manufacturers. By far, it is also Japan's largest automaker, producing more than 5.5 million cars a year, which is roughly equal to one car every six seconds. The Toyota group includes many companies, both in the automotive industry and in many different fields. In 2002, Toyota entered a new field with Formula 1 racing.

Article published on 08/14/2015 05:46 Last edited on 12/24/2016 06:26

Full title:	Toyota Motor Corporation
Other names:	Toyota
Existence:	August 28, 1937 - today
Location:	Japan: Toyota, Aichi
Key Figures:	Kiichiro Toyoda (founder)
Products:	Passenger cars, off-road, sports cars
The lineup:	Toyota Supra III Toyota 2000 GT Toyota Allion Toyota Alphard Toyota Auris Toyota bb Toyota Avalon Toyota Aygo Toyota Belta Toyota Caldina Toyota Xedos Toyota RAV4

The beginning of the 30s of the last century was marked by a real boom in car production in Japan. So in 1930, Daihatsu started manufacturing vehicles, and in 1933 Jidosha-Seido Ltd. was formed. - future Nissan. In the same year, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works decided to try its hand at car manufacturing, which in those years was engaged in the creation of textile machines (under license from the Austrian manufacturer Platt Brothers), and now known worldwide as simply Toyota.

Now it is difficult to say what made the founder of the company, Sakichi Toyoda, take such an unexpected step. Apparently the time then in the country of the Rising Sun was such a car. The support of such undertakings from the government also played a significant role. The son of the founder, Kiichiro Toyoda, became the head of the new division.

By 1935, the first model of a passenger car was developed, which received the uncomplicated name Model A1. In 1936 she went to mass production called Model AA. In parallel with it, the first truck model, called the Model G1, was also produced. The automotive division of the company, which achieved success, since 1937 became known as Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. and was spun off into a separate company. Please note that it is no longer "Toyoda", but "Toyota" - the aesthetic Japanese preferred to change the name somewhat, making it more euphonious (for the Japanese ear).

Second World War brought with her military orders - trucks for the imperial army. They were assembled under conditions of the most severe economy (for example, only one headlight was installed on them) until the American aircraft completely bombed the company's factories.

The end of the war brought with it a severe crisis. However, Toyota Motor still brought to market a small car Model SA. For some time the company was on the brink of survival, barely making ends meet. The war helped to survive - this time the Korean one. In 1950, the division of Toyota Motor Sales Co. was created, which was engaged in sales (it will last until 1982).

A special milestone in the history of the company was 1956, when sales of Toyota cars started in the USA - these were Crown and Land Cruiser models. Sales in the US market were handled by Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. Despite the fact that some mistakes were made, Toyota managed not only to gain a foothold in the American market, but also to assimilate well there. Experiments (successful) begin gradually with other foreign markets. So, in the early sixties, Toyota comes to Europe and Australia. At the same time, the first foreign plant of the company appeared.

In 1962, the millionth car rolled off the assembly line. 1966 is notable for the fact that the Corolla appears, which was destined to become one of the most popular models company - it is produced to this day. And in 1967, Daihatsu Motor joins Toyota.

In 1972, a new anniversary - the ten millionth car. And the oil crisis that erupted a year later added popularity to the small and economical Toyota. Especially in the USA. Cars American manufacturers did not possess such modest appetites and such high quality.

In 1982, Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. was merged. and Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. into a single Toyota Motor Corporation. Another significant event of those years was the birth of the Lexus brand.

The nineties were also notable: in 1992, the Tokyo Design Center design studio was opened; affiliated research companies are created, such as Toyota System Research Inc. and Toyota System International Inc.; the Prius series is born, the cars of which were destined to become the most popular hybrid cars in the world; the first SCs are opened on the territory of the USSR; Toyota buys back the remaining shares and becomes the ultimate owner of Daihatsu Motor...

Today, Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the major automakers in a world where millions of cars leave the assembly lines every year. In addition to its main direction, the company is also engaged in the provision of financial services. Toyota employs hundreds of thousands of people around the world. Such popular and well-known brands as Yaris, Auris, Avensis, RAV4, Prado and others are produced. The company is very active in various sports, be it rally racing or Formula 1.

The last years of the first decade of the 21st century turned out to be unsuccessful for Toyota. For the first time since 1950, the company reported a loss. In addition, several scandals related to the reliability of her cars swept the world - also for the first time since no one knows what years.

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History of Toyota

Sakichi Toyoda was born on February 14, 1867 in Shizuoka Prefecture. Since he was the first child of his parents, he automatically became the kacho, or head of the household, in his family, and inherited his father's obligations and his trade as a carpenter. However, Sakishi did not show any interest in carpentry, and in 1885 he decided to become an inventor. From that moment, for the next thirty-five years, he was engaged in the improvement of looms.

In 1890, Sakishi Toyoda develops his first handmade wooden loom. Without a formal education, Sakishi Toyoda learned by trial and error - he believed in being able to get all the knowledge he needed by working directly with industrial equipment. Sakishi understood that the Japanese industry had to move forward in small steps and fill the market niches that Western companies had ignored. He realized the importance of continuous improvement of equipment regardless of the state of competition.

Sakishi Toyoda believed that no technological process had yet reached a point of development at which it would be impossible to further improve it. This policy of kaizen (continuous improvement) became one of the foundations of his industrial philosophy.

In 1894, Sakishi had a son, Kiishiro Toyoda, who would later become the founder of Toyota Motor Corporation.

In 1924, with the help of his son Kiishiro, Sakishi Toyoda created a fully automated loom, and in 1926 founded new company Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. Later, Sakishi Toyoda would sell the patent rights for his automatic machine to the British firm Platt Brothers & Co. Ltd for £100,000. Sakishi will give this money to his son Kiishiro, with the command to spend it on establishing an automobile production in his hometown.

Sakishi Toyoda died on October 30, 1930. In the memory of the Japanese, Sakishi remained a man who made his dreams come true, who managed to overcome difficulties and use the favorable opportunities of the Meiji era. Despite widespread opposition to his views, Sakishi was confident until his death that cars would become a promising commodity in the future.

In 1930, according to the posthumous will of Sakishi, his son Kiishiro Toyoda begins to study the production of cars. As a competent engineer, Kiishiro understands that the only right way to start progress is to take advantage of already successful developments. In 1930, Kiishiro Toyoda petitions the board of directors of the Toyoda Automatic Loom Works for space to set up an automotive research laboratory. In 1931, the laboratory began work on the preparation of American engines internal combustion- everything is disassembled "to the screw", studied, broken. Toyoda is trying to choose a prototype engine for its own production. This work has been going on for several years. Kiishiro strives to develop a unique Japanese system production, which should take into account the limited space and resources characteristic of this country, as well as the adaptability and versatility of the skills of its population.

In 1933, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. created automotive division, which is headed by Kiishiro Toyoda.

By this time it had already been chosen base engine for copying - in-line six-cylinder Chevrolet. In 1934, after a year of struggling with the unreliability of components, on the basis of the Chevrolet, the "own Toyoda" engine, called TYPE A, was prepared for production. As soon as the engine was ready, work began immediately on preparing the car, and in two directions at once - cars and trucks.

In 1935, the development of the A1 passenger car prototype and the G1 truck prototype was completed.

In 1936, the Toyota logo was approved, and the AA sedan, AB phaeton, and AG truck were put into production. In addition, in 1936, the first export delivery of the G1 truck takes place - 4 vehicles are sent to Northern China.

Until Kiishiro Toyoda got into the automotive industry in earnest, the process of building a car historically involved "learning on the job." This approach leads to increased consumption resources that the Japanese cannot afford. Kiishiro dreams of a system where no item is created before it is needed, thus avoiding storing parts and thus wasting money. Therefore, at the plant of his company, the words "Just in time" become the main slogan. The kaizen and "Just in Time" methods become important elements of the manufacturing philosophy of the Toyoda family.

In 1937, the automobile division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd. is allocated to an independent company - Motor Company, Ltd (TMC). By this time, Toyoda received a "government order" for 3,000 trucks for the Japanese army.

The order of military trucks was so profitable that a year later - in 1938 - allowed the Toyoda brothers to build a new real Honsha Plant in the town of Koromo. To this day, this place is the center of the Toyota empire - many years later, the town was even renamed Toyota for the merits of the corporation to the fatherland.

In 1940, Kiishira Toyoda opens the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research. To meet the company's needs for metal, Toyoda Seiko, Ltd. was established in the same year. - the largest Japanese manufacturer of bars and calibrated steel Aichi Steel Works today.

In 1941, a plant for the production of machine tools and equipment is launched - Toyota Machine Works Co., Ltd. In the same 1941, the production of the AE passenger car began, in 1942 the KB truck was launched into production, and in 1947 - passenger truck SB and small passenger car SA. The year 1947 becomes a landmark for the company - a car with serial number 100,000 rolls off the assembly line.

The new production system developed by Kiishiro Toyoda improves the company's efficiency and enables it to deliver vehicles to the market at competitive prices. However, the quality of cars is still not high enough and the company's management does not stop working on solving this problem.

In 1950, the sales department was spun off into a separate company, forming Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd.. In the same year, Toyota and Ford began negotiations on the creation of a joint venture, the project of which, among other things, provides for the training of Japanese specialists in American factories.

In January 1951, Eiji Toyoda develops a five-year plan to modernize the company. It includes upgrading equipment and improving production methods.

Like his predecessors, Agee understands that Toyota must operate differently from Western firms. Agee is faced with the task of modernizing production and minimizing resource costs. He is sure that the development of the company depends more on how well its cars are assembled than on how well they are designed. Therefore, Agee puts forward the slogan that production is the most important element in the activities of TMS. The task of designers and engineers is to enable production personnel to perform their duties in the best possible way. At the same time, the status of assembly line employees is noticeably increasing in the company.

In the same 1951, the company launched an employee incentive system "Offer new idea The assembly lines begin production of the BJ Toyota Jeep, the grandfather of today's Land-Cruiser;

In 1957 in the USA begins Toyota job Motor Sales USA is the American representation of Toyota. In the same year, the Toyota Crown, which was launched for the Japanese domestic market in 1955, was first introduced to the American market.

In 1958, Toyota opened a representative office in Brazil, and already in 1962, the millionth car for the domestic market rolled off the assembly line.

Back in the early 1950s, Shoichiro Toyoda, head of corporate planning, came to the conclusion that TMC was using kaizen too late. The practice of fixing defects in cars after they hit the market undermines Toyota's reputation.

In search of means to improve product quality, Soishiro carefully studies the work of E. Deming. As a result, in the early 1950s, Toyota adopted some elements of the American quality guru approach. Soichiro understands that two aspects of the quality management process need to be changed in order to improve the performance of TMS: first, it needs to be more systematized, and second, it needs to be implemented in every department. Soishiro manages to implement the quality program in all parts of the company, and in 1965 TMS was awarded the E. Deming Prize.

In 1966, the first car rolled off the assembly line. Toyota Corolla- one of the future bestsellers of the company. A year later, Eiji Toyoda becomes president of Toyota, at the same time a bilateral agreement is signed with Daihatsu.

In 1969, Toyota exports its millionth car. In the same 1969, the annual sales of the brand in the domestic market reaches 1 million cars.

Production begins in 1970 legendary model Toyota Celica.

After the "oil crisis" of 1974, the international automobile industry finds itself in a difficult position. However, Toyota is one of the few car manufacturers that continues to make steady profits. Many competitors are trying to figure out how the company achieves cost-effective operation in adverse conditions market. Indeed, during this period, Toyota manages to achieve high levels quality (small number of defects) and labor productivity (at the end of the 1980s, the number of cars produced per employee of the company was two to three times higher than at enterprises in the US and European countries). Toyota also demonstrates tremendous flexibility, producing relatively small batches of different models with virtually no loss in quality and productivity. In 1978, production of the Toyota Celica XX, today known as the Toyota Supra, begins, and in 1980, the Celica Camry, today known to us as Toyota Camry.

In 1979, the total export of the brand reaches 10,000,000 cars.

In 1982, Eiji Toyoda became chairman of the board of directors of the company. In the same year, he begins negotiations with General Motors (GM) on a grand joint venture - the creation of New United Motor Manufacturing Incorporated (NUMMI), which will produce cars based on Japanese model"Corolla" at the recently closed GM plant in Fremont, California. The project is successfully implemented in 1984, which proves the possibility of applying the Toyota production system in Western countries.

In the same 1982, Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. and Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. merged into Toyota Motor Corporation. The pace of production and sales continues to grow steadily. In 1985, the total export reaches 20,000,000 cars, in 1986 the 50 millionth car is produced on the domestic market. The year 1986 is marked by an increase in domestic sales to two million cars a year.

After the publication of The Machine that Changed the World (Womack et al., 1990), the Toyota production system is referred to as "lean" production. "Lean" (no frills) production is often presented as a "best practice" model that can be successfully applied even in other countries, and not only in the automotive industry.

The Toyota Production System is based on the following principles:

• just-in-time production;
• minimum stocks and efficient use of resources;
• geographical concentration of assembly lines and production of components;
• creation of good opportunities for communication, elimination of losses;
• signaling the need for details using kanban cards;
• equalization of labor productivity: quick setup equipment;
• rationalization of production processes and products, standardization of labor;
• the use of automatic means of protection against the inept use of equipment;
• training workers to perform various operations;
• wide introduction of subcontracting relations;
• selective use of machines;
• continuous improvement process (kaizeri);
• organization of group work.

The success of the Toyota Production System makes Japan one of the world's leading automobile manufacturers and contributes to increased productivity and labor efficiency in Western countries. For example, as a result of the GM-Toyota (NUMMI) joint venture's transition to lean production, its performance in terms of quality, productivity and other metrics is rapidly rising to one of the highest levels in the US auto industry. "Roast" production has significant differences from Fordist and neo-Fordist methods of mass factory production and has a number of advantages over them, and can also significantly increase the competitiveness of products.

In 1989, a new trademark of Toyota Corporation appeared in the USA - Lexus, created specifically for the American market. And already in 1990, the European division of Toyota, Toyota Motor Europe Marketing & Engineering S.A., began to work.

In the 1990s, Toyota attracted significant investment to increase its market share in the US, Europe, India and Asia, while expanding its lineup. The company uses the latest technical solutions and development. Two years later - in 1992 - the corporation's first factory in Europe opens - Toyota Motor Manufacturing (U.K.), Ltd. (TMUK Ltd.).

In 1994, the company begins production of another car that is destined to become a world bestseller, the Toyota Rav4. And after 3 years, a car with a hybrid engine, the Toyota Prius, rolls off the assembly line.

The Toyota Auto dealer network is renamed Netz Toyota in 1998. In the same year, Toyota plants in Indiana and West Virginia begin to operate, and a year later Toyota factory Kirloskar Motor in India.

In 1999, Toyota enters the London and New York stock exchanges, and the 100 millionth car is produced in the domestic market of Japan.

A year later, Toyota Financial Services Corporation was created to track the financial condition of the expanded corporation, and already in 2001, production began at Toyota Motor Manufacturing France S.A.S. in France. (TMF).

In 2002, Toyota competed for the first time in Formula 1 teams. Another Toyota plant starts operating in China, and a car with serial number 10,000,000 is produced in the USA. The 100,000th Toyota Prius is sold in the same year.

By 2005, the world volume Toyota sales Camry reaches 10,000,000 vehicles. At the same time, the production of a mini-displacement began in Europe. Toyota Aygo, and cars trademark Lexus are beginning to be sold in the Japanese market.

In the same 2005, a significant event for Russia takes place - Toyota Corporation begins construction of a plant near St. Petersburg.

Got off the first car - Toyota Camry.

Toyota Motor is one of the world's largest automakers with $255 billion in annual revenue. Story Japanese company Toyota is 93 years old. In the Fortune Global 500 ranking, the corporation occupies key positions, entering the top 10 in terms of "financial turnover".

Six and a half million cars a year roll off the conveyors of the concern. The main specialization of the company is the production of cars and trucks, buses. The main brand capacities are concentrated in Japan, USA, Thailand, Indonesia, Canada.

Sakishi Toyoda and his son (right) Kiishiro Toyoda

History of creation

The history of the brand began in 1924 with the invention of the cross for the production of fabrics and carpets. Sakishi Toyoda invented the loom. The device stopped on its own when there was a problem. Later, the principle of automatic stop became one of the fundamental points of the brand's production system. Toyota has sold a patent for a textile machine. The management spent the money received on the creation of a department for the production of cars on a gasoline engine.

In 1924, Sakichi, along with his eldest son Kiichiro, came up with the Type G fully automatic loom.

Toyota continued the history of development with the invention of the car engine. Sakishi's eldest son, Kiishiro, took up the study of the European and American automotive industries. As a result, the company created an A1 passenger car and a G1 truck.

The first passenger car A1 was made in May 1935

The first G1 truck was created immediately after the passenger car, in August 1935.

In 1936, Toyota Motor launches the assembly line, from which the first models of passenger and trucks. The first-born were conceptually similar to Chevrolet and Power Wagon. 1937 is important point for a company that became an independent company, named after the founder.

Adjustments to the production of the Toyota Motor concern were made by the Second World War. The brand is mainly engaged in the production of trucks for military needs. The history of the company at this time cannot boast of inventions. The raw material base is experiencing serious difficulties: trucks often leave for the front in a "simplified" form, for example, with one headlight.

During World War II, the company was saddled with the production military equipment for the Imperial Army

The catastrophe of Japan and the Toyota brand have a similar character. The Japanese imperial army was defeated, the production of the country's main automobile company was subjected to the most severe bombing. Some historians believe that the death of production facilities hastened the surrender of the Land of the Rising Sun.

Post-war development history

Development history continued Model release SA. The economic crisis, the workers' strike forced the company's management to reconsider corporate principles. Toyota entered its heyday in the 1960s. The company owes its success unique system production management, which is still in force today.

Model SA was released in 1947

Research and development of own designs are actively carried out. Model line expands. Land Cruiser, Crown and Publica are born. Publica, being budget car quickly gaining popularity among consumers.

Land Cruiser BJ20 (1955)

1955 Crown RS S30

Publica 1961

The brand tries to expand by opening a division in the US, but fails. The situation is corrected by a special version of Corona.

Small pickup Corona 1962 hit the taste of the Americans

1962 is an important milestone in the history of Toyota: 1 million cars were produced.

Since 1970, the company has been improving the units, transferring innovations from expensive cars to cheaper models. The production of brands Sprinter, Celica, Tercel begins.

Sprinter 1970

Celica GT 1970

Tercel 1980

In the mid-eighties, Camry rolled off the assembly line, then Lexus.

Camry 1983

Lexus ES250 1989

The corporate policy of the brand is aimed at signing agreements on long-term cooperation with partners. The company opens its own design center, expanding the geography of Toyota car exports.

The history of the logo

The development history includes the creation of the brand logo. The idea to order an emblem from professional designers belongs to Kiishiro Toyoda. More than twenty thousand advertising specialists participated in the competition. As a result, a sketch was chosen, made using the graphic form of the Japanese katakana syllabary. The word "Toyoda" became "Toyota". The replacement of the letter was necessary in terms of external aesthetics and the use of the number of hieroglyphs. In the second version, it contained eight strokes - a lucky number for the Japanese, promising prosperity and wealth.

The history of the Toyota logo has several stages. The modern brand sign consists of three intersecting ellipses. The small vertical and horizontal cylinders symbolize the hearts of the customers and the company, which are inextricably linked. The outer oval denotes new horizons and great opportunities. Hidden within the emblem are the letters that make up the Toyota name. 14 years ago company logo acquired volume. So the brand expressed a guarantee of excellent quality.

Production management system

The successful history of the Toyota brand is impossible without a strict adherence to the principles of management. The philosophy of the brand is to contribute to the development of the world. This can be done by issuing flawlessly quality cars. To this end, phased control is used at all stages of the creation of machines, operations are optimized, and costs are reduced. The production system includes:

• stamping - prewash on an automated line, then the prepared sheets are fed for cutting, bending, punching holes;
• welding - is carried out in three stages: platform assembly, its connection with the sidewalls and the roof, welding of the trunk, hood, wings, doors. Welding concern Toyota Motor combine automated and manual modes;
• painting - before painting, the body is washed, degreased, covered with a phosphate layer, anti-corrosion primer and baked in an oven. Further processing is carried out with sealant, anti-gravel coating, installation of soundproof mats. This is followed by the stage of painting, varnishing, drying, chip control, finishing with paint;
• assembly - in the assembly shop, doors, windows, airbags and seat belts are installed, suspension is assembled, wiring is laid. All operations are regulated and carried out in a certain order;
• quality control - a thorough check of functionality and appearance, setting the camber / convergence of the wheels and the correct operation of the ABS system.

The concept of development of Toyota is subject to the ecological principle. The environmental factor has had a great influence on the history of the creation of Toyota. The enterprise minimizes Negative consequences activities, creates vehicles with the ability to recycle cars one hundred percent. As part of environmental protection programs, hybrid Prius cars, RAV4, Coaster.

Five objectives that guide Toyota in its work:

1. search for reasons;
2. improvement;
3. creativity;
4. team spirit;
5. respect.

Promotion in the Russian market

The interests of the concern in our country are represented by subsidiaries. One company has exclusive rights to import and sell brand cars. The second enterprise is responsible for the production process. The history of the creation of the Toyota Motors plant in Russia begins after the signing of an agreement between the Russian authorities and the corporation.

The launch of the conveyor took place in 2007 in the village of Shushary, Leningrad Region. The capacities were designed for a small volume of output for the Russian market. Now the enterprise produces cars for export to Kazakhstan, annually increasing the turnover of cars.

Toyota automobile plant in the village of Shushary, Leningrad Region

Extension automotive line not planned. Toyota began joint production of the Land Cruiser Prado at a production site in Vladivostok. Concern Toyota Motor provided technical support to its partners, but then terminated the contract. The management explained the stoppage of production of cars as economic inexpediency.

The company is developing successfully. The model range of the brand includes about seventy types of cars. Pickups, minivans, coupes, sedans, crossovers are sold in Europe, Asia, North America, including the USA and Canada. In 2016, Toyota Motor sold and exported about seven million cars in its own market, overtaking Ford and Volkswagen.

Toyota cars in Russia Motor Corporation rank first in popularity among other Japanese brands. Every year in our country through official dealers more than 98 thousand cars of the brand are sold. Toyota continues to adhere to the main principle: to independently decide their own destiny, believing in themselves and their capabilities.

The Toyota brand (Toyota) is today considered the world's largest car manufacturer. More than 5.5 million cars leave the company's conveyors annually. In terms of time frames, every 6 seconds a new car of this brand appears in the world. How the Japanese creators managed to move from the manufacture of textile machines to leadership in the global auto industry, you will learn further.

Prerequisites for the development of the company

The forerunner in creating the greatest magnate in the auto industry was Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. She was engaged in the production of machine tools for the textile industry. The peculiarity of the equipment was the spontaneous stop of the machine when there was a problem in operation (the principle of jidoka).

1929 Sakichi Toyoda, the creator of automatic looms, sells a patent for the invention to the British, and he invests the profits from the sale in the development of the business of his son Kiichiro Toyoda.

Sakichi Toyoda was born into a carpenter's family on February 14, 1867. In 1890, he created a hand-operated wooden loom, and six years later, Japan's first electric loom. Toyoda does not stop there, in 1924 an automatic textile machine appears that does not require stopping equipment to replace shuttles. In the same year, Sakichi's son Kiichiro was born, who will create his own car company Toyota.

After a detailed study automotive industry Europe, USA in 1930, Kiichiro Toyoda will start producing his own car. 1933 for Toyoda Automatic Loom Works will be marked by the appearance of a subsidiary branch for the production of cars under the leadership of Kiichiro Toyoda. This fact will be significant for the development of the automotive industry in Japan and the world.

Stages of brand development

First successes

History of the great car brand starts from 1933 After 2 years, two car models appear: the passenger Model A1 (later renamed Model AA) and the cargo Model G1. Models equipped with type A motor own development, but in many ways resemble famous cars Chevrolet, Dodge Power Wagon.

G1 trucks were to the taste of the Chinese authorities, the corporation exported a whole batch of trucks to China. Now the brand has become recognized not only in Japan, but also abroad.

1937 - the company becomes independent, moves to a new stage of development already as Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. The updated brand name sounds softer, promises to bring good luck (the word Toyota written in katakana consists of 8 dashes, which, according to Japanese beliefs, symbolizes success).

The impact of the war on production

The war years suspended the development of the company and the release of new models. All attention was paid to the production of trucks for the Japanese army. An acute shortage of raw materials was noticeably felt, simplified models were produced, some trucks were even made with one headlight.

During the war, the company's facilities in Aichi Prefecture also suffered, which made it difficult further development marks, but did not stop. Despite the difficulties, in 1947 the company managed to release new passenger cars (Model SA).

The deep economic crisis led to a strike of the company's workers. It was Taichi Ohno's concept called "Kamban" or "lean manufacturing" that helped the management find a way out. The new concept saved Toyota from unreasonable expenditure of time, effort, materials and guaranteed a high leap in development.

Thanks to "lean manufacturing", the entire production process of the company began to adhere to two basic principles: "just in time" and full automation. Both principles complement each other. The first principle stipulated the arrival of spare parts to the assembly position when necessary and in the right quantity. This made it possible to reduce stocks in warehouses and gradually replenish them. In addition, Taichi Ohno identified 7 types of losses in manufacturing process and outlined methods for their reduction.

What is the essence of the philosophy of lean manufacturing, you can learn from the video.

Production and sales were separated, in 1950 Toyota Motor Sales Co appeared, it was exclusively engaged in the sale of products.

On the road to fame

1952 - the first head of Toyota died, but the concern continued to be active. 1956 - Japanese cars hit the American market. A detailed study of the requirements of the population allowed the brand to successfully gain a foothold in the United States, Brazil, and then proceed to Europe and Australia.

In the history of the brand's development, there is a rapid growth and success. 1961 - The Toyota Publica, a compact, resource-efficient car, enters the market. 1962 - the jubilee (millionth) car was released, 1966 - the release of a new Corolla model took place, which made a splash in the global automotive industry.

1967 - the brand increases production, two cooperations were signed at once with automakers Hino, Daihatsu.

World fame

In the 80s, the concern expects a number of pleasant changes:

• Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. merges. and Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. (1982);
• 1982 - production of the well-known Toyota models Camry, and the brand itself is recognized by the world community as a powerful and worthy competitor in the automotive market;
• a cooperation agreement was signed with the largest auto giant General Motors (1983);
• 1986 - 50 millionth Toyota car is produced;
• there is a division of the Lexus concern, created to produce premium cars. 1989 - luxurious Lexus models LS400, Lexus ES250;
• the company creates its logo in the form of the letter "T", which is formed by two ovals (1989).

The production of cars of the brand is growing exponentially, by 1996 the number of cars produced reached 90 million, in 1999 it exceeded 100 million.

In the fight for the cleanliness of the planet, hybrid cars Raum (1996), Avensis and SUV Land Cruiser 100 (1998) are created, as well as famous model Prius, its production and sale exceeded 50 thousand in 2000 alone.

2002–2009 - the company actively participates in Formula-1 races.

You can see how the Toyota brand was created and developed throughout the time in the video.

Brand competitors

The constant pace of invention of new production technologies, the introduction of high-end models and features into budget vehicles, flexibility in environmental and resource-saving issues have increased the demand for the brand's products. Japanese cars turned out to be compact, comfortable and economical for the consumer, and most importantly, affordable.

2007–2009 - Toyota occupies a leading position. The global crisis of 2008 also affected the concern, it ends 2009 with losses. But this did not stop the brand from overtaking its own main rivals: global giant General Motors (GM) and Volkswagen.

2012 - the concern takes a leading position. Timely response to fashion trends, customer preferences, acceptable price in relation to high quality, allow the company to maintain leadership, not to yield to competitors. In addition, the management of the concern also takes care of wealthy customers, offering them high-end Lexus cars.

2013 - Toyota is recognized as the most valuable brand in the world.

Toyota in Russia

For the first time, the official representation of a well-known brand in Russia appeared in 1998. Dynamic development automotive market prompted Toyota Motor Corporation to create a national company Toyota Motor LLC (2002). She was engaged in marketing, selling cars in the Russian Federation.

2007 - CJSC "Toyota Bank" began to operate in Russia. The bank was engaged in lending to Toyota and Lexus auto dealers. This move greatly facilitated the wholesale and retail purchase of cars. well-known brand. Soon in the village of Shushary was opened car assembly plant for the production of Toyota cars Camry class"E". It was assumed that the plant would produce about 20 thousand cars a year with a prospect of up to 300 thousand cars. At the end of 2011, the company employed 600 people, the volume of work performed exceeded 14 thousand vehicles.

At the end of 2011, the Japanese concern was represented in Russia by Toyota Motor LLC, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia LLC. Their main offices are located in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

2015 - Toyota succeeded other Japanese brands. Most popular on Russian market recognized models of cars Land Cruiser Prado, Toyota Camry, Land Cruiser 200 and RAV4.

superiority among full-size SUVs premium segment currently occupies Toyota Land Cruiser 200. The car market share was 45%.

Brand share in the global market

Toyota Motors Corporation is engaged in the production and sale of cars for the transport of passengers and goods. Most of the concern's factories are concentrated in Japan, some facilities are located in other countries. For example, large factories in the USA, Thailand, Canada and Indonesia, where the number of employees varies from 5.5 thousand to 10 thousand people.

According to 2015 data, out of the number of cars purchased during the year (91 million), 9.6% fell on the Toyota brand.

The concern's products are actively purchased, the share of Toyota cars in some regions was:

• Japan (46.8%);
• North America (13,5%);
• Asia (13.4%);
• European countries (4.6%).

Brand management has excluded operations and processes as much as possible in technological process that do not provide value to the consumer. The desire to improve, to satisfy the desires of customers ensures the success and leadership of the Toyota concern.