The first photos of car models developed by Marussia for the cortege of the President of Russia and other Russian officials of the highest rank were published on the Internet. For the first time after many years, the first persons of the state will switch to cars domestic production. And today we will talk about our cars, created specifically for the leaders of the country from Stalin's times to the present.
ZIS-101 - an armored car for Stalin
ZIS-101 - an armored car for Stalin. Photo source: Wikipedia
ZIS-101 - an armored car for Stalin. Photo source: Pavel Kuneev
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin loved all kinds of cars, but he drove mainly on foreign cars, such as Turcat-Mery 28 and Rolls Royce Silver Ghost - domestic auto industry was destroyed by war and post-war devastation. That is why the first head of the Soviet state, who moved to Russian car, became Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. By his order, the ZIL automobile plant in Moscow created luxury car ZIL-101, which became the favorite car of the “leader of the peoples” for many years. The car had advanced characteristics at that time - a heating system in the cabin, a built-in radio receiver, as well as vacuum clutch and brake boosters.
ZIS-110 - the first post-war government car
ZIS-110 is the first post-war government vehicle. Photo Source: JustDrive
ZIS-101 served as the main government cars almost ten years, until 1945, when it was replaced by the ZIS-110 car. Initially, this car was planned to be created on the basis of the American Packard 180, but due to certain design features the latter, some solutions were borrowed from the Buick Limited 90 L. As a result, the ZIS-110 car and its special government version ZIS-110B (armored) appeared, which was driven not only by Stalin, Khrushchev and other Soviet leaders, but also by the Chinese Great Pilot Mao Tse Dong, North Korean leader Kim Cher Il, and Albanian Enver Hoxha.
ZIL-111 - car for motorcades and parades
ZIL-111 - a car for motorcades and parades. Photo source: Retro-Avtomoto
The ZIS-110 became obsolete in just a few years. Built with a pre-war era design, by the early fifties it looked like a dinosaur against the backdrop of post-war cars. And therefore, in 1959, a new car was introduced for the country's top leadership - ZIL-111 (in 1956 the car factory changed its name from Stalin to Likhachev). In technical terms, it differed little from its predecessor, but it looked much more modern. During a visit to Moscow in 1963, Fidel Castro received such a car as a gift. ZIL-111 became the first Soviet car, for which open modifications were also provided, specially designed for parades.
GAZ-13 - the progenitor of the Chaika family
GAZ-13 is the progenitor of the Chaika family. Photo Source: Superiormale
Undoubtedly the most famous Soviet government car was the "Seagull" - a series of cars, the history of which should be counted from the appearance in 1959 of the GAZ-13 car. It is believed that out of the three thousand first-generation "Seagulls" produced, only three fell into private hands (the writer Mikhail Sholokhov, the first Soviet woman-cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova and the ballerina Galina Ulanova became the owners of such cars), the rest were used in government needs in the USSR and abroad . For example, GAZ-13 was driven by the leaders of the GDR, Walter Ulbricht and Eric Honecker. Several cars were given to Intourist.
ZIL-114 - limousine for the 50th anniversary of the Revolution
ZIL-114 - a limousine for the 50th anniversary of the Revolution. Photo source: Wikipedia
ZIL-114 was the main government limousine of the USSR in the late sixties - early seventies of the twentieth century. The first cars of this generation rolled off the assembly line in 1967 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, and in total only 113 copies of the ZIL-114 were made for the highest leaders of the USSR. In 1971, on the basis of this car, a more “simple” version of it was released - ZIL-117 for officials of a lower rank.
GAZ-14 - "Seagull" number two
GAZ-14 - Seagull number two. Source: Khapov.ru
In total, from 1977 to 1988, a little over a thousand GAZ-14 cars were produced, each of which was assembled by hand, and then passed lengthy tests for quality and reliability. The car was intended for officials of the high level, as well as the leadership of the army and other power structures. Production ceased in 1988 in the wake of Gorbachev's "fight against privileges". Moreover, at the same time, the conveyor line was destroyed, the working documentation and even the assembly line for GAZ-14 toy models were destroyed.
ZIL-115 (ZIL-4104) - the last Soviet limousine
ZIL-115 (ZIL-4104) - the last Soviet limousine. Photo source: 1zoom.ru
ZIL-115 (later renamed ZIL-4104) was the last car of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, who knew a lot about cars, and the last Soviet government limousine. This car can still be considered one of the most luxurious in the world in the history of the automotive industry. The armchairs in it were trimmed with leather, and the doors were trimmed with Karelian birch. ZIL-4104 in various modifications was produced until 2002. And its most famous variants were the Phaeton models (for parades) and the Black Doctor (resuscitation vehicle for the General Secretary's motorcade). Interestingly, in 2010, three copies of the ZIL-4104 (model ZIL-410441) were produced for the anniversary parade on Red Square.
ZIL-4105 - the legendary "Armored Capsule"
ZIL-4105 - the legendary armored capsule. Photo source: Zil-Avto
Separately, we can mention the ZIL-4104 modification, which received the ZIL-4105 marking and the name "Armored Capsule". In the 1980s, when this car was created, it was the most secure car in the world. After all, the armor in it was not just inserted into the doors and the roof, but was solid - first, armor capsules were welded at a factory in the city of Kurgan, and then a car was created around them. ZIL-4105 withstood not only shelling from rifles and machine guns, but even a grenade explosion under a gas tank.
Marussia L2 is a representative car for the President of Russia. Photo source: Instagram
Marussia F2 is a representative car for the President of Russia. Photo source: Instagram
The other day, one of the accounts on the social network Instagram published photos that are considered to be the first images of models of future cars from the motorcade of the President of Russia - the Marussia L2 sedan and the Marussia F2 SUV. The development of these machines, as you know, is engaged in the well-known team in Formula 1 racing and the sports car of the same name, the domestic company Marussia. It is expected that the first such cars will roll off the assembly line in 2018 and will be produced under the ZIL brand at the facilities of this legendary plant.
Once it comes down to it, many of us are faced with the difficulty of choosing. We all want to buy a stylish, reliable, high-quality, passable, and of course safe car. In addition, we must choose the equipment, engine, transmission, etc. for your future car. You also need to not forget about fashionable modern electronic ones. But what is surprising is that, even with a lot of money, you are unlikely to buy universal car which will fully meet your tastes and needs. But in the world, nevertheless, there is a category of cars that belong. We are talking about cars created for the Presidents, Sheikhs and other high officials of the state. Here are 20 of the most amazing and expensive Presidential cars. So get ready to be jealous.
Many Presidential cars have almost everything. In such cars, the highest officials of the state can feel at home. They also have wine bars, refrigerators, media centers, special communications, special protection, and much more.
20. Kenya - Mercedes-Benz Pullman S600 $50,000
Surely when you think about Kenya, you do not associate this country with super expensive cars. But get ready to be surprised. The Kenyan government and the Presidential fleet love armored cars. These cars are driven by the elite of the country. The limousine is equipped with a 6.3 liter V8 engine, dual wishbones suspension, and other modern comfort and safety systems. The maximum speed is 220 km/h. The Government of Kenya fleet has both short wheelbase and long wheelbase versions.
19. Italy - Lancia Thesis $65,709
Someone may not agree that when it comes to executive cars, Italy is not able to offer something worthwhile to the global car market. But it's not. For example, if you want reliable car, which is able to protect you from any problems, that is, amazing, capable of accelerating to 222 km / h. This armored car has an Internet connection, refrigerator, minibar, fax machine, DVD player, plush comfortable leather chairs and all the necessary security systems. It is also important that such a car can be purchased not only by the garage of the President or the security services of high officials in Italy, but also by anyone. For example, the Prime Minister of Italy drove this car (pictured). But in 2014 the car was sold to a private person.
18. Japan - Toyota Century Royal $85,500
The Japanese government tries not to use cars from other countries. When it comes to the safety of the highest officials of the state, they most often use the Toyota Century Royal. This car is equipped with armored windows and many other options. This machine, despite its weight, is able to drive at maximum speed, thanks to the V12 48-valve engine. Century Royal is a dream for those who are used to riding in the back seat. This machine is used by government officials of the Japanese executive branch, as well as some members of the Yakuza.
17. Singapore - Mercedes-Benz S350L $85,995
Singapore is one of the few places in the world where a huge number of the most on the planet is concentrated. This country of luxury and elite. The state apparatus, which moves in top-class cars, does not disappoint either. For example, the President of Singapore has a 2010 Mercedes-Benz S350L in his fleet. The car, before getting into the Presidential garage, has undergone a deep modernization. For example, the car received a manual (mounted on the steering wheel), Night View Assist night vision system, collision warning sensors, and many new body elements. In addition, the car received high-quality armor, which is ready to cope with various types of attacks, daytime running led lights and new bi-xenon headlights.
16. Uzbekistan - Range Rover Supercharged $103,195
The head of Uzbekistan ordered an armored vehicle for his safe movement in the country. This machine, thanks to its design, can move on any type of terrain without causing discomfort to an important person. This is possible thanks to the unique suspension. Inside, the car has a soft, elegant and luxurious interior. Long wheelbase and extended front arches allows the driver not to worry about bad road. Also, thanks to strong armor, the highest person of Uzbekistan is always completely safe while the car is moving.
15. Morocco - Mercedes 600 Pullman $120,384
In Morocco, King Hassan II ordered a king for himself automotive safety: Mercedes Pullman 600. This limousine impresses not only with its security systems and technical specifications, but also impresses with its luxurious appearance. The car is equipped with a 6.3 liter V8 engine with mechanical system Bosch fuel injection and overhead camshafts. The car is also equipped with high-tech, with the help of which the car seats are adjusted, doors and windows open. The level of armored protection is fully consistent with the fact that this car was worthy of transporting the Royal Family.
14. South Korea - Hyundai Equus VL500 (550) $122,180
South Korea has dangerous neighbors in the North. So the cars of the highest officials of the state must guarantee safety, in case they want to throw something explosive on their neighbors. In South Korea, they did not begin to purchase the Presidential car abroad, but ordered an armored car from the company. As a result, Hyundai has created a unique armored limousine that is ready to protect the life of the South Korean leader. It is worth noting that this is the first armored vehicle that was produced in South Korea. This machine meets all modern security systems.
For example, the Hyundai Equus VL500 is able to withstand an explosion of 15 kilograms of TNT. This car is a mammoth compared to the size of Hyundai's main fleet. Hyundai Equus VL500 was used at the G20 summit in South Korea. Initially, the car was built personally for the President of South Korea Cheongwadae.
13. Norway - Binz Limousine $128,351
This limousine is based on a Mercedes-Benz car by special order King Harald V. This car is ideal for long car trips, equipped with entertainment systems for business and leisure. Also, the armored vehicle is equipped with various systems exhaust cleaning machines. This means that the Norwegians can admire their King, who is so sensitive about his views on ecology.
12. Brunei - Rolls Royce Phantom VI $148,645
Travels in Rolls Royce Phantom VI. I have to admit, it's very a good choice. This car is not only very, very powerful, but absolutely gorgeous. This is the latest Rolls Royce with separate chassis, springs and leaf springs in the suspension. Phantom VI is equipped with a V8 engine, carburetor and 4-speed automatic transmission.
By the way, this car was once used by the following world leaders: Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Prince of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, and even Kate Middleton (when she married Prince William!)
11. Germany - Mercedes-Benz S600L $174,890
They have the local name Sonderklasse, which means " special class". This category of cars was certainly created for government officials and the highest officials of the state. Currently, in Germany, special cars for the garage of the country's top officials are produced on the basis. Despite the fact that the usual S-classes are taken as the basis, the cars undergo deep modernization. As a result, special cars receive new LED lighting, new body elements that reduce aerodynamic drag air, several widescreen displays with high-tech graphics and animation. Also, the interior is equipped with maximum comfort options, with many settings that make a high-ranking official feel at home in the car.
In addition, the car is equipped with a road surface scanning system. Thanks to the monitoring of the road surface, every second the suspension of the car independently adjusts to the conditions of the road in order to provide the passenger with ideal comfort as much as possible. Including of course the machine is equipped with all sorts of security systems, ranging from armor and ending with a fire extinguishing system.
10. India - Mercedes-Benz S600 (W221) Pullman Guard $180,000
In India, Narendra Modi drives a stunning Mercedes-Benz S600. This limousine has a classic design but is equipped with modern technology. The car is divided into two parts. In the back, the leader of India can retire to his personal space. In addition, the head of India can be sure of his safety, since the car is equipped with super safe attack protection systems. For example, the Mercedes-Benz S600 Pullman Guard W221 is able to withstand an explosion from a grenade or . So do not think that in India, apart from tuk-tuk and elephants, there is no other transport.
9. Philippines - Mercedes-Benz W221 $250,547
You may be surprised that the state elite in the Philippines also travel on expensive ones. But, this is not surprising, since this car with a classic appearance not only super luxurious, but also ready to compete with many modern competitors in all respects. In addition to five-star engine performance and a super-reliable automatic transmission, the S-Class for the Philippines' top executives is equipped with a dedicated brake booster, crash sensors, electronic system stabilization, Night View Assist, air suspension, Airmatic DC radar system, and much more you can only dream of.
8. Russia - Mercedes S-Class Limousine $251,417
Russian President Vladimir Putin does not like it when someone neglects security. It is when it comes to cars that our head of state carefully selects the fleet of vehicles for the President's garage. So far, it is used as the main car of the President Mercedes S class. But recall that at the moment, on behalf of Vladimir Putin, domestic cars are being developed for the highest officials of our country ().
But, for now, our leader feels safe in the German car. This Mercedes is made to order. Steering wheel machine has a symbol of a double-headed eagle in a gold frame. This car is equipped with the highest level of armor protection for passenger cars in the world. approximate cost similar machine 251 thousand dollars. It was his favorite car (pictured). This machine is currently not in use.
7. Malaysia - Maybach 62 $394,000
Now let's move back to Asia in order to see what the country's top officials ride. in front of you. In addition to all the necessary safety features, this luxury car has a picnic table, the latest technology, and many luxury items. As you already understood, only a few can afford to have such a car. In Malaysia, not many people will be able to spend 400 thousand dollars on this masterpiece of automotive art.
6. UK - Jaguar XJ Sentinel $455,025
The Jaguar XJ Sentinel is the official car of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. was created to order and equipped with a turbocharged 5.0 liter V8 engine. Unfortunately, many technical details vehicles are classified. It is known for sure that the body of the car is made of titanium, Kevlar and steel plates. Also, the car is equipped with polycarbonate windows that can withstand bullets. There are also oxygen tanks in the car in case of emergency. So the car is able to withstand a gas attack. Inside, the Jaguar XJ Sentinel has a night vision device, a high-definition TV, a high-quality sound system, special communication for holding a conference while driving.
5. Thailand - Maybach 62 Limousine $500,000
King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand and his Royal Family choose only the best. Especially when it comes to their company cars. That is why they chose the Maybach 62 Limousine. The car is equipped with a V12 engine and luxurious roomy interior. The car is also equipped with entertainment systems, a DVD and CD player, a refrigerator, a wine cabinet, as well as the most fashionable. So if you have $500,000, then you can check out what it's like to feel like a King while driving in a Maybach 62 Limousine.
4. Vatican - Mercedes-Benz M-Class $524,990
Which meets the most stringent modern security systems. This car is based on the Mercedes ML-class. By the way, it is very strange why the head of the Catholic Church, declaring that during his lifetime everyone should live modestly, moves in a popemobile worth half a million US dollars.
3. China - Hongqi Limousine $801,624
Hongqi means "red flag", which is not surprising in a communist country. Here are some details about this limousine: 8-speed automatic transmission, four turbines mounted on a 381 hp V8 engine. (torque 530 Nm). This car is capable of accelerating from 0-100 km/h in 8 seconds. The maximum speed is 220 km/h. Due to the fact that this machine began to be used by many officials for business trips in the country, this model has become in China a luxury item that all wealthy people definitely want to have in their garage.
2. USA - Cadillac One $1,500,000
This is the official state car of the United States. The machine is manufactured by . United States use Presidential cars for 80 years. The President's current vehicle is an armored Cadillac ready to defend America's leader. The car of the President of the United States in addition to all required options for this class of vehicles, it has a cache of blood, which is of the same group and parameters as that of the current President. The machine also has an oxygen tank in case emergency. For safe night driving, the vehicle is also equipped with a high-quality military night vision device.
1. Car of the Queen of England - Bentley State Limousine $15,167,500
If you think that the Queen of England is too old and does not follow luxury and fashion, then you are mistaken. She would never settle for shabby chic. The same applies to cars. That is why the leader of England moves to the State Limousine worth 15 million dollars. This super-expensive car is equipped with everything a royal might need. This machine was created in honor of the 50th anniversary car brand. As the British leader is aging, the Bentley State Limousine's doors are custom-designed to open 90 degrees. And of course, armor and other security systems protect Queen Elizabeth II from the encroachments of ill-wishers.
Soviet leaders, starting from Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, liked to move around in comfort. Especially for them, expensive Rolls-Royces from Europe were ordered when the automotive industry in the USSR was still in its infancy, and powerful roomy ZILs were customized to the needs of each owner. Soviet limousines and other cars of Soviet leaders are in our photo gallery.
The first limousines for the top leadership of the country appeared in Russia under Nicholas II. There were more than 60 cars in the imperial fleet, not only Western ones, such as Rolls-Royce and Mercedes, but also the domestic Russo-Balt. After the revolution, due to the fact that there was practically no automotive industry in the country, the Soviet leaders also had to exploit Western models. So, Lenin drove a Rolls-Royce 40/50 Silver Ghost. After that, Packard and Buick appeared in the garage of the Soviet leadership. The rapid industrialization of the country pushed for the emergence of its own representative car. The issue of prestige also played an important role.
In April 1933, the first model of the limousine "Leningrad-1" left the gates of the Leningrad plant "Krasny Putilovets". This car was created on the personal initiative of Sergei Kirov. The Buick-30-90 was taken as the basis, but the 8-cylinder engine with a capacity of 105 horsepower was made independently.
A total of five such cars were produced. Soon the plant received an order for the production of tractors and tanks, and the Leningrad-1 project was curtailed. Unfortunately, not a single L-1 car has survived.
But the Soviet leadership did not want to abandon the idea of their own limousine. Already in April 1936, the first two ZIS-101s were assembled at the Moscow Stalin Plant. The same American Buick was taken as a basis. Under the hood of our car was an 8-cylinder engine, 110 horsepower.
With a volume of "engine" of 5.8 liters, the car could accelerate to 115 km / h. The ZIS-101 was equipped with a three-speed manual gearbox, vacuum clutch and brake boosters. For the comfort of high-ranking passengers, the car had a radio and heating.
A few more years later, the ZIS-110 was built at the Stalin plant. The car, with all its appearance demonstrating power and safety, weighed more than 2.5 tons with a length of six meters. An eight-cylinder engine with a capacity of 140 horsepower could accelerate this limousine to 140 kilometers per hour. The 110th ZIS became the first vehicle in the Union with independent suspension front wheels, and the chassis was equipped with stabilizers roll stability in the front and in the back.
Stalin himself traveled on such a car. Especially for him in the late 40s was released armored modification, which received the number 115. The safety of the "main passenger of the country" was ensured with the help of an armored capsule - protection was a single shell of armor, sheathed on the outside with body panels. The thickness of the glass was 75 millimeters. Outwardly, the ZIS-115 practically did not differ from the ZIS-110. The armored car was issued only by additional headlight on the grille and the absence of white rings on the wheels.
In 1956, the GAZ-13 ("Seagull") appears. Outwardly, this car was not at all like the ZIS. The post-war period dictated the need for changes, including in the automotive industry. The 195-horsepower engine accelerated the "Seagull" to 160 kilometers per hour, and the GAZ-13 gained the first "hundred" in 20 seconds.
In the late 60s, ZIL-114 appears. Under the hood of a six-meter limousine was a seven-liter V8 engine with a capacity of 300 horsepower. He accelerated the car to 190 km / h.
In the mid-70s, the Soviet leadership moved to the ZIL-115, which later received a new number designation 4104. The car was equipped with a 7.7-liter, V-shaped 8-cylinder engine with a capacity of 315 horsepower. The powerful "engine" accelerated the 3.5-ton limousine to 190 kilometers per hour. At the same time, ZIL-4104 gained 100 km / h in just 12 seconds. The car had two independent heating and air conditioning systems, power windows. The interior doors had two handles for opening from the inside.
"Closes" the history of the Soviet limousine ZIL-41047. It differs from its predecessor in rectangular instead of twin headlights, a changed radiator grille and taillights. Turn signals from under the headlights moved to the ends of the wings. Technically, the novelty has not changed much, except that it has become a little quieter and lighter. The car was produced until 2002, until production was curtailed.
Later, the Russian elite moved to German-made limousines. Now the country's leadership, represented by the Minister of Defense, uses only ZIL-41044 during the Victory Parade on Red Square.
ZiS-110b Phaeton based on ZiS-110 became the first car in the USSR, on which the first persons of the country took military parades (before that they used horses)
Just like everyone else From afar, a special version of the 110th could be seen by unusual wheels: the sidewalls of the tires of standard machines were painted in White color, while on armored cars they remained black. Wheel covers were slightly larger than standard. At night, a non-standard car could be given out by an additional headlight on the bumper. Glasses gave in yellowness
Armored ZiS-115
Regular ZiS-110
Armored ZiS-115
Regular ZiS-110
The most important ZiS Stalin's car was distinguished by deaf rear windows and more comfortable strapontens (folding seats in the middle row), on which, for some reason, the leader liked to sit. There was no traditional glass partition behind the front seats in the Generalissimo's car. “I have no secrets from the people, and you don’t have to put up a partition,” Stalin said, taking the car at the factory.
When I was little, I was very interested in whether it was possible to meet Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev in the metro. Of course, I knew that on special occasions he was taken in a big car, but he definitely had to take the subway to work. Beloved and kind by everyone, like a grandfather, dear Leonid Ilyich ... It was not known to me, unreasonable, that there are special vehicles, and among them there are such secret specimens that in Soviet times it was impossible to find any mention of them even in the reference book. For conspiracy, they had the appearance stock cars But appearances, as you know, can be deceiving.
ZiS in armor
One of the first pretend cars was the ZiS-115. In appearance, he practically repeated the ZiS-110 limousine. After the war, the entire party elite of the country rode the 110s, but not only the top. These cars also worked as ambulances and taxis. By the way, anyone could take a Zis-110 taxi from Moscow to Simferopol! This is Stalinist democracy. True, Joseph Vissarionovich himself did not dare to drive a standard car.
The task set before the designers of creating a concealed reservation car for the Generalissimo's garage was successfully solved in 1946-1947. The main part of the ZiS-115 was an armored hull, called "Product No. 100", produced at a military plant near Moscow. Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria was appointed responsible for the implementation of the special order. Each part of the "Product" was marked with an individual serial number of the vehicle, passed military acceptance and was subjected to test fire. Laminated glass 75 mm thick were very heavy, and hydraulic jacks were installed in the doors to lift them.
During the years 1949-1952, 32 ZiS-115 vehicles were allegedly created at ZiS (Stalin Plant). All information on them was classified by the KGB, that is, officially such machines did not exist. The people thought that the leader drove the most ordinary car. In fact, there were external differences, but they were not conspicuous. The tires of the armored car were black, in contrast to the usual ones, which had white sides; the cutout of the rear wing was different; the windows seemed a little yellow, and the wheel covers more convex; in the center front bumper there was an additional headlight.
There were much more internal differences. The mass of the car, which has grown several times (more than 7.5 tons!) Required a radical revision of the design. Especially for the ZiS-115, the Yaroslavl Tire Plant developed tires and tubes measuring 7.5 x 17 ″, instead of 7.5 x 16 ″ for the ZiS-110; the changes affected all chassis units of axles, suspension, gearbox. The engine, with external similarity, began to produce 160 hp. unlike the usual, 140-horsepower, but this was not enough for a heavy car, so maximum speed dropped to 120 km/h. For greater reliability, the car had two batteries that could work either separately or together, as well as a vibrator in the ignition system, which allowed it to continue moving if the breaker or coil failed. The front row seats were upholstered in black leather, and expensive American cloth stuffed with eider down was used for the upholstery of the passenger compartment seats, and an American velvet carpet lay under the passengers' feet. Each spring of the Generalissimo's seat was sewn into a double cover so that, God forbid, it would not creak under the precious booty! According to secret protocol tests, in the back seat, when selecting these springs, they rolled a sandbag weighing 53 kg (which allows us to draw conclusions about the secret weight of this same priests). Several cars were equipped with air conditioning systems. The cost of each car was fabulous, but who thought about it then?
In the 1960-1980s, the ZiS-115 armored cars were methodically brought to their native plant, renamed by that time to ZiL (Likhachev Plant), for destruction, which took place in complete secrecy. Nevertheless, several cars still survived. Some of them were handed over to the leaders of friendly socialist states and subsequently dispersed to museums and private collections. One car (serial number 2) was used for many years in tire testing at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant and was transferred to the Riga Automobile Museum. A copy, broken in the 1980s during the study of the behavior of an armored capsule during an accident, also got there.
The best ZiS-115 to date is located in the Vadim Zadorozhny Museum of Technology near Moscow. The history of the car is dramatic. Car No. 18 in 1970 was transferred to the Bauman Moscow State Technical University from Georgievsky Lane, from the service station of the ZiSov GON (Special Purpose Garage), for research. Since “Product No. 100” was secret and it was impossible to transfer the complete car to students, the engine was removed from the car and given in the form of a body with a chassis, which was not prohibited. Standing for a couple of decades on the territory of a branch of the Institute of Moscow State Technical University. Bauman's armored car in 1992 was bought by a candidate technical sciences, head of the group of testers, now associate professor at Moscow State Technical University. Bauman, Doctor of Philosophy, UN expert, Leonid Konstantinovich Polyakovsky. He put it in his dacha and esthetised, sitting in the salon with a glass of tea. In 1998, a rotten and ruined armored car entered the restoration workshop of the Museum of Technology. By the way, this is exactly the car that Joseph Vissarionovich used.
Gases for approximate
Tuning, hot rodding ... It turns out that Soviet secret services they have been playing such games for a long time, it's just that no one knew what it was called before. To carry out secret tasks, there was a fairly extensive fleet of supercars that did not differ in appearance from mass-produced cars.
To accompany government motorcades, there was a Pobeda GAZ-M20G. Little is known about this car, not a single copy has survived to this day. But if you believe the eyewitnesses, under its hood was a six-cylinder lower valve GAZ-12 engine with a volume of 3.5 liters and a power of 90 hp. Actually, there is nothing tricky here, because initially the engine compartment of the GAZ-M20 was designed for the installation of just such an engine, but when a friend of all athletes was shown in the Kremlin two versions of the "Victory" - six- and four-cylinder, he opted for the latter, more economical. An interesting feature of this car was the trunk lid, which can be opened from the inside. In the event of a chase, the back was removed rear seat and from the trunk opened machine-gun fire on the pursuers.
In the 1960s, the streets of the country were filled with GAZ-21 Volga cars. Many people remember these wonderful cars from the films “Beware of the Car”, “Three Plus Two”, “Three Poplars on Plyushchikha”, “Diamond Hand”, etc. The State Security Committee in front of the Gorky Automobile Plant was tasked with creating a car based on the Volga to accompany the tuples and covert surveillance, or in everyday life "catch-up". Boris Akimovich Dekhtyar was appointed the lead designer of the GAZ-23.
For the basis power unit they took a V-shaped, eight-cylinder, overhead valve, short-stroke engine with an automatic gearbox from the executive GAZ-13 "Chaika" with a volume of 5.53 liters and a power of 195 hp. The motor had impressive dimensions, therefore, in order not to touch the steering column and let the exhaust pipes back, it had to be rotated two degrees along the crankshaft axis and a new left exhaust manifold. By the way, only one pipe stuck out behind the car for conspiracy. The automatic transmission control was brought to the steering column lever (like the GAZ-21). The car had two pedals - "gas" and "brake".
Due to the fact that the car turned out to be heavy (“dry” weight - 1610 kg), it was necessary to strengthen the front suspension springs. Nevertheless, according to my recollections, and I found one GAZ-23, who worked in the plant management of the MRTZ (Moscow Radio Engineering Plant), the front end sagged over time.
The drivers who worked on the "catch-up" called themselves "kamikaze". The car did not have power steering and brakes! A heavy, powerful car at speeds over 160 km / h became uncontrollable, the stern began to “float”. Even regular cast-iron plates and additional curb stones installed in the trunk did not help. But did this worry the "fathers of the people", whose ZiLs kept the road as if glued even at higher speeds? Ordered to accompany - carry out! Now it’s impossible to count how many of them were beaten, out of 602 produced ... In 1970, both the GAZ-21, and, accordingly, the GAZ-23 were discontinued. Got on the conveyor base model GAZ-24. On the basis of it and subsequent modifications (GAZ-2410, GAZ-3102), GAZ-2424, GAZ-2434 and GAZ-31013 were created for the needs of domestic Bonds. They differed little from each other, under their hoods were V-8 engines with an automatic transmission from the Chaika GAZ-14. For the sake of secrecy, the cars had one exhaust pipe, three pedals each, two of which worked as one, a brake pedal, and a standard floor lever, as it were, of a manual gearbox, even with a painted H-shaped shift pattern. True, there were retreats. vacuum booster brakes and hydraulic power steering, of course, made life easier for the driver, but still the "childhood illnesses" of the GAZ-23 made themselves felt, so some of the cars had cast-iron plates fixed in the trunk. The scope of the Volg was wide: they were used to escort motorcades, several surveillance vehicles belonged to the garage of the 9th department, four more pieces worked in the 10th special battalion of the traffic police on Dobrolyubov Street ...
Turbobrick
In the late 1960s, a racer named Kirpichnikov, and nicknamed Kirpich, was wildly popular at the Moscow hippodrome. He performed in the free class on the then new ZAZ-966 Zaporozhets car with a Volgovsky engine. He had no equal. Combination powerful engine with a light body did not leave competitors a chance to win. On the instructions of the Department for Combating theft of Socialist Property (OBKhSS), Kirpich in 1968 manufactured two more such machines for covert surveillance. They had two cooling radiators, standing to the left and right of the engine and blown through standard "ears" and short mufflers. Actually, the sound of their exhaust betrayed them, the rest of the conspiratorial entourage was observed to the smallest detail - from a plush toy behind the rear window to a simple village guy behind the wheel. One car was smashed almost immediately, the other, cornflower blue, lived in a garage on Petrovka and successfully completed various operational tasks until the mid-1970s.
ZIL-41047 was the last Soviet car, which was created without any financial and technological restrictions. The status of the official government limousine allowed the designers of the new ZIL to ignore both market conditions and the concept of "profitability".
How it all began
After Stalin's death, armored vehicles were forgotten, not developed and not used by the leadership of the party and the state. With the coming to power of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, armored vehicles remained stored in various garages and places of their former deployment, and some were destroyed as unnecessary. As politics changed, so did the cars that politicians used. As they say now, the image of Nikita Sergeevich was democratic, in comparison with Stalin, and open "democratic" cars suited him.
And time has shown that armored versions cannot be abandoned even in a relatively calm socialist society. This was confirmed by the assassination attempt, as they would say now, by a lone terrorist V.I. Ilyin on Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev on January 22, 1969. Quite unexpectedly, during the solemn meeting of the cosmonauts, one person, without any organization, support from the outside, armed with two pistols, managed to fire 11 bullets at two government vehicles arriving through the Borovitsky Gate to the Kremlin. Most of the bullets hit closed car ZIL-111, mortally wounding the driver of GON I.E. Zharkov, wounding the driver of a motorcycle escort V.A. Zatsepilov and inflicting a slight wound on one of the cosmonauts, who was arriving at the Kremlin. The guard at the last moment changed the route along which the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU L.I. Brezhnev was supposed to arrive at the Kremlin, and he was not hurt when he entered through another gate. Cosmonaut Leonov, and now at this very machine, which has retained even traces of bullets in the cabin, recalls the unpleasant moments of the assassination attempt ("Auto Exotics", 2006).
ZIL-4105 ("Armored Capsule")
This is one of the most secure cars in the world. The car had three modifications differing in external body kit ZIL-4105 (externally ZIL-4104), ZIL-41051 (externally ZIL-41045) and ZIL-41052 (externally ZIL-41047). Before perestroika, the Americans could not unravel this secret. And after the collapse of the USSR, they first bought the old ZIL and dismantled it. It turned out that the secret is very simple. The fact is that the traditional armor technology involves strengthening the basic structure with armor elements. It is known that in the West they armor cars by placing sheets of Kevlar under the skin, which has sufficient strength when fired from small-caliber weapons and quite successfully resists the blast wave. However, Kevlar is not able to protect against more serious weapons.
But our designers went the other way - they welded an armored capsule, and then built a car around it! Such a design is absolutely impossible in mass production, so only 25 armored capsules were manufactured at the Kurgan plant, of which 5 were intended for fire tests (ZIL-4105). According to experts, the cost of this car is $ 600,000, but the authorities have never spared money for their safety. This unique ZIL has the highest safety class. The design of the chassis is such that it cannot be turned over. And domestic armor (68KhGSLMN steel with special additives) is one of the best in the world. Armor thickness from 4 to 10 mm. The thickness of bulletproof glass: windshield - 43 mm, side and rear - 47 mm. Multilayer fire-and-explosion-proof self-tightening fuel tanks were developed and produced in the experimental production of the Research Institute of Steel. The curb weight of the car, depending on the purpose of the armored car and the availability of equipment, ranged from 5160-5225 kg.
The power of these cars is really impressive. Take at least the description of ZIL 41045:
A very decent volume and the cooling system - 21.5 liters. The engine is equipped with two ignition systems - working and emergency. The car has two batteries, two fuel pumps, two electrical circuits. Engine power 315 hp (at 4500 rpm). And the peak torque of 608 Nm falls at 2500 rpm. The result is simply brilliant! A limousine weighing 3600 kg is capable of speeds of 190 km / h, and gains a “hundred” in 13 seconds. Moreover, on completely flat tires, the car is able to move at speeds up to 160 km / h. "Lincoln Town Car" can rest - in the competition with ZIL, he will lose in all respects. The monstrous accelerating dynamics are especially felt. A few seconds of “machine” thoughtfulness, and passengers are already pleasantly pressed into the seat. But ZIL's most striking maneuver is the U-turn. On a wide road, a large and heavy car turns around with the ease of a "subcompact". At the same time, the speed can remain quite high. On narrow streets and in courtyards, ZIL is much more difficult, after all, the turning radius is 15 meters. You won’t go to the dacha on the 41045th either - the car has a very small clearance. Brakes - front and rear disc - are able to stop the locomotive. The fuel tank holds 120 liters of "95th". But on long trip without gas stations it is better not to count. The minimum fuel consumption is 22 liters per "hundred".
As a result of the work performed at ZIL, an armored vehicle of a very high level of protection at that time was created, it can be said with confidence that it was the best in the world. The "trendsetters of automotive fashion" - the Americans, such a car appeared only at the beginning of this century! What is such armor capable of protecting today? According to the European standard CEN 1063, this is level B6 and B7, and according to the Russian standard GOST R50963-96, this is class 5. To put it even more simply, this is a 57-N-323C cartridge with an LPS bullet for the Dragunov rifle and a 57-N-321 cartridge with a TUS bullet with a heat-strengthened core for an AKM assault rifle. The side windows of the car, in addition to the LPS bullet, withstood a single shot of the B-32 armor-piercing incendiary bullet! And this already corresponds to class 6A, which is higher than the existing requirements according to GOST. This indicates that even the requirements specified in the terms of reference were exceeded by a margin. The basis of such a car was an armored capsule created at the Kurgan plant. A total of 22 armored capsules were made, two of which were subjected to fire tests and tests, and the other 20 were used in production. armored vehicles. The car turned out to be almost 100% similar to the usual modification - ZIL-41047. Armor plate thickness different places was 4-8.6 mm, the maximum reached 10 mm. Windshield had a thickness of 43 mm, and the side windows of the doors and the rear window - 47 mm. The curb weight of the ZIL-4105, depending on the purpose of the car, was 5160-5225 kg.
In the period from 1983 to 1985, the cars underwent a number of successful tests, such as shelling from a Dragunov sniper rifle (SVD), undermining a grenade under a gas tank and on a car roof. To get a clearer picture of the test results, one can compare the armor resistance characteristics of the ZIL-4105 and the Cadillac Fleetwood, armored by O Hara Hess and Eisenhardt, which was a direct competitor in size, interior and purpose. For example, a grenade explosion on the roof of a Cadillac not only pierced the outer steel of the car, but also the armor protection under it, but shelling with similar ammunition was also not in favor of the Cadillac - light dots in the diagram are bullet hit points that did not pierce the armor, dark ones - places through defeat. At the time of the creation of the ZIL-4105 car, the most modern and first-class materials were used in its design. The armor protection of the ZIL-4105 car was similar to that of the combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicle (BRDM-2).
Specifications:
Fuel consumption - 22 liters per 100 km.
Weight - 3600 kg
Maximum speed - 190 km / h
Engine type - V-shaped, 8-cylinder.
Engine capacity - 7.7 liters
Engine power - 310 horsepower (at 4500 rpm).
Gearbox - automatic, three-speed.
Crown of Creation
In 1985, the post of general secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and in fact the head of state, was occupied by a relatively young (by Soviet standards) Mikhail Gorbachev. The policy of perestroika proclaimed by him inspired the specialists of the Plant. Likhachev (ZIL) for the restyling of the then-produced government limousine ZIL-41045. The need for the next update was due more to political considerations than technical ones: the chassis and engine were created with an impressive constructive “margin”, which allowed for another good ten years not to make any changes to the components and parts. The fact is that Gorbachev, unlike his predecessors, traveled a lot around the country and often made official visits abroad. Naturally, the car of a young, dynamic, resolute leader simply had to carry a greater "semantic load" than the ceremonial protocol vehicles of the former Soviet leaders. In the USSR, the new car of the head of state, who proclaimed perestroika and renewal in all spheres of society, was supposed to symbolize confidence, rapid movement forward, the irreversibility of change, and abroad simply “make an impression”. ZIL entered the "era of change" with updated model government limousine: in 1986, the first ZIL-41047 appeared. The changes affected mainly the external design. The radiator lining has become more expressive, round headlights gave way to the square production of Bosch, the turn signals returned to the corners of the front fenders, and the taillights filled the entire space of the back. The windows disappeared from the front side windows, and the rear-view mirrors received a new case and began to be installed not on the door, but in the corner of the window.
These cosmetic changes were quite enough to achieve the impression of relative novelty. was carried out and technical revision some vehicle systems. The ZIL-4104 engine is V-shaped, eight-cylinder, with two camshafts in the block heads, equipped with a contactless electronic ignition system. In 1988 hydromechanical transmission(GMP), inherited by the "forty-seventh" from its predecessor ZIL-41045, has undergone modernization: the design of the clutch has been changed freewheel and several adjacent parts, which increased the reliability of the assembly. Updated unit assigned the index "4105-01". ZIL-41047 received 16-inch wheels and even wider (245 mm) "rubber". Tires of a special brand "Granite" had a design that allowed them to move with a "depressurized" wheel, which was achieved due to very hard sidewalls of the tire and a special gel inside. Such a tire can withstand up to seven bullet hits.
In 1986, ZIL-41047 was the longest and heaviest serial car in the world
At the time of the start of production, the ZIL-41047 was the longest (not counting specially elongated stretches) and the heaviest mass-produced passenger car in the world. Measure 41047 times ... It is unlikely that government limousines produced by ZIL have ever been nominated for " State Badge Quality of the USSR "it was impossible to even think about possible manufacturing defects or design flaws. Impeccable quality is one of mandatory conditions"State order", and it was achieved by meticulous manual assembly, numerous tests of individual components and each copy of the car as a whole. These cars were produced piece by piece, according to the slipway technology: it was not the car that moved along the conveyor from one specialist to another, but those responsible for this or that operation, as needed, approached the car themselves. The manufacturing cycle lasted about 5.5 months. No more than 15-20 cars were produced per year. All body panels were knocked out by hand on oak templates. Then they were installed on the car, adjusted in place, straightened and leveled with a tin alloy. Manual labor, individual adjustment of details was widely used. Since they were guided by a specific "customer", the cars differed in their configuration, placement of individual components and finishing materials. For painting, nitro enamel was used with application in 9-15 layers, with intermediate drying and polishing of each layer. The last layer was applied and polished after running tests, during which each car could drive up to two thousand kilometers. Under fire Soviet armored limousines trace their lineage to the ZIS-115, a modification of the ZIS-110 created especially for Stalin. The failed assassination attempt on Brezhnev in January 1969 forced a return to the topic of armored vehicles. It was decided to create protected, “heavy” (as the developers call them) vehicles, whose own weight exceeded five tons, using a proven technology: the design was based on the so-called armored capsule carrying a volume of complex configuration. Everything else was built around this armored capsule. And although the "heavy" cars were outwardly almost indistinguishable from ordinary limousines, in terms of design it was a completely new model, which was reflected in its own index - ZIL-4105.
From 1982 to 1987, more than two dozen armored capsules were welded at one of the Kurgan factories, which were later used on limousines of all generations. The first two vehicles during 1983-1985 served only for test firing and explosions. In 1984, the first “operational armored car” ZIL-41051 was built on the chassis of the second generation ZIL-41045 limousine, and nine more such vehicles over the next two years. All of them entered the service in the Special Purpose Garage (GON). In 1987, with the advent of the third generation of the "115th" family, armored limousines ZIL-41052 began to be built on the ZIL-41047 chassis. For sixteen years, 14 such machines were created, and for six of them, armored capsules of the outdated ZIL-41051 were used. In the early 90s, a kind of experiment was carried out, which had more political overtones than technical ones. Three base limousines "41047" built at ZIL were sent to Germany, where they were booked by the German company Trasco Bremen using traditional technology (that is, by equipping the finished body with protection elements). The work was carried out during 1993-1994. One of the finished limousines was tested (shot) at a training ground in Germany, the other two, which received the index "41047TB", were placed at the disposal of the Special Purpose Garage. However, during operation it turned out that the suspension and brakes could not cope with the increased mass of the car, and these cars were again sent to ZIL to eliminate design flaws. After fine-tuning, these two copies were assigned the index "41053".
Tests of the ZIL-4105 showed that 8.5 mm thick armor confidently holds a bullet with a heat-strengthened core fired from an ARM machine gun (7.62 mm caliber) and a steel bullet from a Dragunov sniper rifle. The grenades exploded under the gas tank and on the roof could not penetrate the defense either. Side windows car pulled out a single shot armor-piercing incendiary bullet B-32. In terms of the degree of protection, ZIL-4105 not only corresponded to classes 5-6A according to domestic GOST, but also surpassed all foreign analogues that existed in those years.
Royal chambers
When creating a luxury car Special attention traditionally given to equipment and trim. Compared to its predecessors, the interior of the ZIL-41047 has not changed much. In a seven-seat limousine with three rows of seats, the middle row was formed by straps that retracted into the partition between the front seats and the "VIP-salon" of the rear half of the passenger compartment. As before, for the convenience of the driver's seat, adjustable steering column leaned back, and two "representative" seats of the rear sofa had electric drives for autonomous adjustment of the angle of the backrest and the position of each of the seats. The front seats were upholstered in natural leather, the rear seats were upholstered in imported velor or plush. In the decoration of doors, window frames, dashboard and other interior elements, walnut burl inserts (rarely mahogany) were used. The microclimate was provided by two climate control units, each of which was responsible for its own driver or passenger compartment. Maintain preset temperature regime three-layer determinal glasses also helped: at first they used Belgian-made glasses, later domestic ones. In the cabin, ceiling lamps for individual lighting were installed: one ceiling and two corner ones. In addition, special lamps were built into the lower plane of the door armrests, which were lit when the doors were opened, illuminating the thresholds and the “span of land” at the entrance. On the upper plane of the armrests of the rear doors there were blocks of buttons for controlling the electric drives of the windows and partitions. The rear doors from the inside could be opened by the passengers of the rear sofa, and the "staff" from the "reserved seat" of the straponten. To do this, the handles of the door locks were located at both ends of the armrest. In the niche of the right armrest of the rear seat, a remote control was hidden under the cover. remote control audio system, in the niche of the left air conditioner control panel. The recesses located above the armrests in the walls of the body accommodated special communications subscriber sets. The control of all power windows, as well as the central lock that blocked all doors, was also carried out with driver's seat. On the center console there are control units for the alarm system, loudspeaker and air conditioning, as well as a standard audio system. Between the front seats was a box for a special communications device. The tachometer and speedometer installed in deep round "wells" with visors were covered with cone-shaped glasses, which excluded the appearance of sun glare. It is worth mentioning the pneumatic drive of the central locking of locks, as well as the electric drives for adjusting the exterior rear-view mirrors and controlling the retractable antenna.
Specifications ZIL-41047:
Number of seats - 7
Maximum speed - 190 km / h
Acceleration to 100 km / h - 13 s
Braking distances from a speed of 80 km/h - 40 m
Fuel consumption at 90 km/h 22 l/100 km
Electrical equipment - 12 V
Rechargeable batteries - 2 pcs. 6ST-60EM
Starter - 3307.3708
Spark plugs - E780
Generator - 4807. 3701
Relay-regulator - 1807. 3702 non-contact
Tire size - 245/70R16
Weight- curb 3335 kg., full 3860 kg., on the front axle 1793 kg., on rear axle 2067kg.,
ground clearance- under the front axle 170 mm., under rear axle 195 mm.
Smallest turning radius- along the outer edge of the front bumper 8.25 m.
Steering gear- piston type with built-in hydraulic booster. A working pair of a screw with a nut on circulating balls and a gear sector. gear ratios: steering gear 17.5:1, total 20.8:1
Front suspension- independent, lever, pivotless, torsion bar, hydraulic shock absorbers, telescopic, double-acting.
Rear suspension- on two longitudinal asymmetric semi-elliptical springs with jet rods, hydraulic shock absorbers, telescopic, double-acting.
brakes- working disk with automatic clearance adjustment; hydraulic drive with two independent circuits, each of which acts on all wheels. The system is equipped with one vacuum and two hydraulic vacuum amplifiers. Parking shoe, on the rear wheels.
Transmission- hydraulic transformer working in conjunction with a three-stage planetary box gear; transformation ratio - 2.0
gear ratios- I 2.02; II - 1.42; III 1.0; reverse 1,42
main gear- single, hypoid; gear ratio 3.615
Engine- ZIL-4104, V-shaped, carbureted, four-stroke, eight-cylinder, overhead valve. Bore, 108 mm, Stroke, 105 mm, Displacement, 7695 cm; Compression ratio 9.3, Engine cylinder firing order 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
Carburetor- K-259, four-chamber
Max power- 315 l. With. at 4400-4600 rpm
Max Torque- 62.0 kgf.m at 2500-2700 rpm
From 1986 to 2003, when the production of representative cars and their modifications at ZIL practically ceased, about two hundred ZIL-41047 and its special versions were built. In addition to well-known modifications, there were, for example, special communications vehicles that were outwardly indistinguishable from ordinary limousines: ZIL-4107 with the Disk equipment and ZIL-41071 with the Depeche equipment.
ZIL 41072 "Scorpion"
ZIL 41072 "Scorpio" 1986–1999 release. 8 units produced.
In the mid-80s, several very remarkable ZIL cars were assembled under their own name "Scorpion". These were special vehicles for mobile guards of government motorcades. Looking from the side at a passing government motorcade, you will not immediately notice ZIL - "Scorpion" in it. But there are differences. If you manage to get a closer look at the car, you will immediately see details that an ordinary car does not have - these are wide running boards and long handrails that go around the roof, installed specifically for protection, and a huge sunroof in the roof from which you can conduct circular fire, which is impossible to do from ordinary car. Wide footboards and handrails allow guards to jump onto a moving car - after all, a government motorcade cannot stop so as not to become a stationary target.
A huge hatch in the roof, a hinged rear window and the already mentioned handrails with steps were intended for the convenience of circular firing and helped the guards jump out of the car or jump into it on the go.
The passenger compartment is not the compartment of a limousine. This - workplace with five plastic seats, like those installed in stadiums. The central seat has the ability to move back and forth along two guides installed in the middle. The chairs are made of hard plastic and are not particularly comfortable. The driver's compartment is no different from the usual ZIL: two wide and soft leather seats, the same interior trim.
The doors are unusually heavy - at least a hundred kilograms. Transmission - three-speed automatic, 7.7-liter engine with 315 hp. When you press the accelerator, a huge V-shaped eight easily accelerates a heavy car, acceleration is active and assertive, not inferior to anything modern foreign cars, despite the fact that the engine has a carburetor, although not a simple one. On the highway, the car accelerates to 200 km / h and the dynamics do not even believe that it weighs more than three tons, or more precisely, the curb weight of such a ZIL is no less than 3335 kg. If for any other car, reducing its own weight has always been considered an advantage, then for the Scorpion, excess weight is additional protection. The driver of the "Scorpion" can ram a heavy SUV and even trucks - the barrier will be removed. To suppress the signals that activate radio-controlled explosive devices, the Scorpions were equipped with Perseus and Shroud electronic systems. Now the guards use large jeeps, in comparison with them, the ZIL-41072 has a huge advantage - it cannot be turned over, and there have already been precedents with turning jeeps over.
ZIL-41042 - "Black Doctor"
Impressive length...
Station wagons based on government limousines began to be built back in the ZIL-114 era exclusively as an emergency vehicle. medical care- in case a high-ranking person becomes ill in the zone of authority of the cortege. At the same time, these machines received an unofficial nickname - "Black Doctor".
The predecessor of the "Black Doctor" is the ZIL 114EA car.
Representatives of all three generations of the "115th" family managed to "check in" in this status. Wherein digital index"41042", regardless of which model of the limousine was used as the base, remained unchanged.
The medical version of ZIL-41047 was created in 1986. It differed from its predecessors in design back door. On machines of the first and second generations, this door consisted of two sections: the lower half leaned back, the upper half rose. At the "Black Doctor" of the last series, the door rose completely up. The shape of the rear window has also changed - its corners are noticeably rounded. The rear left door was not "through". The salon in this place was “deaf”, and a niche opened from the side of the street, in which the spare wheel was stored.
The front part of the cabin, designed for a driver and one passenger, was no different from standard limousines, and behind the partition was a medical compartment, designed for one bedridden patient and a team of three doctors. The guides with fixators for the stretcher were shifted to the port side, next to it there was one folding "doctor's" place. Two more folding seats for the medical staff took the places of the strapons. The perimeter of the compartment was framed by cabinets, racks and sockets for medical equipment. The designers provided for the possibility of transforming the medical compartment into a cargo one. To do this, the stretcher was removed, the doctor's chair was folded and a special platform was installed on top of it. What kind of cargo (except, perhaps, the coffin with a former patient) can be transported on a “van” of this class is difficult to understand. On the basis of the "115th" third generation, three "Black Doctors" were built.
ZIL-41041 - executive sedan for ministers
From 1986 to 2003, when the production of representative cars and their modifications at ZIL completely ceased, about two hundred ZIL-41047 and its specialized versions were built.
In 1986, almost simultaneously with the new base limousine, only two sedans were built. They tested derated engines 6.96-liter ZIL-4101, but their power was not enough even for relatively light escort vehicles.
Another ZIL-41041 appeared in 1990. The remaining 23 of the 26 sedans were built from 1997 to 2000, that is, in the market era. It is known that in 1998, 6 such cars for the municipal garage were ordered by Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov. In addition to dimensions, the sedan did not differ fundamentally from the limousine. Due to the reduced curb weight by almost 400 kg, the maximum speed has increased to 200 km/h, dynamics have improved and fuel consumption has been reduced.
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