A car tire is one of the most important structural components of a wheel. In its essence, it is a very elastic metal-rubber-fabric shell, which is installed on the rim of the wheel disc. So, the main purpose of this device is the absorption of various kinds of vibrations that are caused by an unfavorable technical condition road surface. In addition, it is important to know what exactly a car tire provides direct contact with the road surface of the vehicle. So, car tires perform the functions of virtues, which compensate for errors in the trajectories of the wheels, as well as adjustments in the implementation and perception of forces.
It is the tire that is an indispensable element without which the movement of a vehicle by modern standards will be strictly prohibited and impossible.
The main material that manufacturers use to make tires is rubber. IN modern world with the sudden development of such technologies, rubber acquires new specific properties. Yes, it is made given element from synthetic and natural rubbers. In addition, cord is often used as a material for manufacturing. Cord fabric is often made from various metal threads (metal cord), as well as from textile threads and polymer threads. It is important to know what the tire consists of.
So, the main structural elements are: carcass, tread, breaker ply, side and bead. Polymer and textile cords have become popular due to the fact that they are installed on the main type of car that is used by most motorists. So, these cords are used in most in car and light truck tyres. Steel cord has gained popularity for cars that use truck tires. Depending on what the cord threads are guided by, the following types of tires are distinguished by the variety of carcass: diagonal And radial which, in fact, are the subject of our present study.
1. What is the radial design of the tire?
It is important to know that these two types of car tires are indispensable, since in the automotive nature a universal model has not yet been found that would contain all the positive qualities of both diagonal and radial tires. In the diagonal type of car tires, the threads are located at a special specific angle, relative to the radius of the wheels. In the radial type, the cords are located along the entire wheel. Besides, diagonal tires in their arsenal, in most cases, they have several layers of cord. So, in fact, there is a certain crossing of each individual layer into one single layer. The cord of the radial type of tires is fully tensioned, and very rigid. Because of this, it completely lacks any minimal intersection of threads.
The main positive aspect of using a radial tire is that the tire design itself is a balancer, which contributes to a significant reduction in stress on the threads. In addition, all strength characteristics of this type automobile tires significantly increase the reliability and, accordingly, the safety in the use of tires in the area of the treadmill. The frame of the “device” itself is reliably protected from various kinds of damage, and also, this type provides for a lower probability of various cracks in the tread. Of course, like everyone automotive devices, it also has some weaknesses. Although, they cannot categorically change the attitude of the motorist to the radial type of tires, since the weak points are quite minor and can only affect the operation of the tire only under certain operating conditions.
2. What does a radial tire mean - pros and cons.
recognize radial tires can be done quite simply and without much effort. It is only important to remember that the marking of this kind of tires always has the letter R in its name. On the sidewall of such tires, in addition to the type, the number of layers of cord, which has this tire, as well as the material from which it was made. Precisely due to the fact that each individual layer in this “device” works independently and independently, with the help of a radial arrangement of threads, their number does not always have to be only even. Significantly reduces the likelihood of various adjustments and deformations in the projector pattern hard breaker.
The breaker is a specific layer that is located between the carcass and the tread. This detail also contributes to the fact that the contact spot almost never changes in shape. Grip, for this kind of tires, with pavement is much best process than the contact of diagonal tires with the same road surface. The fact is that it all depends on the large contact area of the tire. It is precisely because of their good qualities that these tires completely threw away other types of automotive market. Now you should focus on weak points radial tires.
If you look, then there are practically no weak spots in radial tires. But, as for small problematic places, they are still there. The fact is that radial tires have a small sidewall strength. This is directly related to the radial arrangement of the threads. That is why the motorist needs to be very careful when driving on various deep ruts. In addition, you must always ensure that the air pressure in the tires is always within normal limits. Also, if you look closely, those radial tires are not supportive of various impacts on curbs. So, they will receive various damages from such impacts much more often than diagonal tires.
3. How to install a radial tire - a few features that await you.
After the motorist has learned about the structure of the radial tire, its purpose and various positive and negative aspects of its potential operation, you should immediately begin to analyze the process of installing these tires and caring for them. When installing this kind of tires on your vehicle, you should follow some rules and recommendations. If a motorist has purchased a directional tire, then always, remember, there must always be an indication arrow on it, which is responsible for the direction of movement forward. Accordingly, the installation should be made focusing on this arrow. The fifth tire, for the most part, is mounted by motorists on the basis that it will be installed with right side. This is directly related to statistics, which says that mainly the right wheels are subjected to various damages.
If the types of tread patterns for a radial type of tire are not symmetrical (asymmetric), then on the tire itself it will be possible to see the inscription “inside” on one side, which means “inside” in English. So, it should be installed so that this inscription is in the inner part. With regard to the symmetrical type of radial tires, when removing such models, the direction of movement should be noted. This is done in order to install them correctly later. In conclusion, it should be recalled that during the rolling of the radial tire to the installation site, it is imperative to observe the direction of rotation.
In principle, this type of tire does not require special personal care, so it does not stand out from another type of tires. You should drive carefully, move carefully, and inspect your tires regularly. Special attention should be given to the sidewalls and tread. If during the period of such diagnostics even a minimal defect was detected, you need to seek help from specialists, well, or try to figure it out yourself. If the car begins to divert to the side during direct movement on the road, or various kinds of vibrations occur, then most likely the problems are in the tires. So, you should make a total dismantling of the tire and restore the tire.
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It is worth noting that the tires offered on the market, as a rule, are all radial, since they have much more consumer advantages than diagonal ones. However, bias and radial tires have disadvantages as well as advantages.
What are diagonal tires
The tires in question are classified as chambered and are equipped with two bead rings. They are equipped with a reliable frame, in which there are several layers of cord (as a rule, their number is even and ranges from 2 to 8). Arranged in a diagonal direction from bead to bead, adjacent threads intersect, which ensures the multi-layered tire cord. These threads are made from synthetic fabrics - for example, nylon, nylon.
Advantages and disadvantages of bias tires
Thanks to the rather simple and robust design diagonal tires provide good performance characteristics which make them unkillable in the toughest off-road conditions. Their side walls are very strong, they are very difficult to damage. Such tires significantly reduce the shock loads that are transmitted to the car. They are low cost and easy to repair, these are perhaps the main advantages of diagonal tires.
Tires of this type also have disadvantages. They are easy to identify based on the advantages that radial rubber has. So, diagonal tires:
- have a much shorter service life;
- withstand less load;
- less resistant to wear;
- do not predetermine the increase in grip with asphalt and the controllability of the machine;
- have a synthetic frame with lower thermal conductivity;
- have more weight.
Bias tires are mainly placed on special equipment- excavators, tractors.
Radial tires - advantages and disadvantages
Such tires have a single-layer cord, pulled from one side to another, in its structure there are synthetic threads located at an angle of 90 degrees and do not overlap with each other. The top layer of the carcass of such a tire is covered with a belt, which is made of a durable steel cord. Most often, these tires are classified as tubeless and are equipped with a single bead ring.
The main advantages of radial tires:
- long service life;
- ability to withstand the highest loads;
- ensuring good vehicle stability;
- reduced rolling resistance (due to this advantage, it is possible to save fuel);
- good grip with asphalt;
- high thermal conductivity of the frame;
- ease.
At the same time, this type of tire also has disadvantages, which include relatively high cost and the vulnerability of the side of the tire to mechanical stress.
The difference between bias and radial tires
Thus, it is possible to distinguish more than one difference, what is the difference between diagonal tires and radial tires, there are quite a lot of them. There is a difference between them:
- in resistance to wear;
- the number of layers of the cord, in the materials of their manufacture and the position of its threads;
- in service life;
- the number of bead rings;
- ensuring the controllability of the machine;
- thermal conductivity of the frame;
- rolling resistance;
- ability to withstand the load;
- camera equipment;
- scope;
- in weight.
Compared to a bias-ply tire, a radial tire will last longer (unless it's permanently damaged off-road) because it's much more resistant to wear. The differences between a radial tire and a diagonal tire are obvious, therefore, in the automotive industry most in demand uses the type of tires - radial.
Tire marking
Tire manufacturers label all products according to general requirements, symbols are affixed on the side surface, by which you can determine the main characteristics of the tire. They indicate the type of structure, its main dimensions (the value of the rim diameter and profile width). Marking of radial and diagonal tires is in inch, metric or mixed system.
Taking advantage modern machines, drivers use radial tires, the main feature of this type of designation is the presence of the letter “R” in the designation, indicating a radial design and the size designation in millimeters looks like this - 225 / 70R15. Where 225 is the width of the tire, 70 is the height of the tire in percentage from width.
Radial tires may also have the designation: 185R14, where the absence of the “/” sign indicates that this rubber is full profile. Now there are car tires with full designation in millimeters, for example 265/790R540, these tires are used on Rolls-Royce, where the first number indicates the width of the tire, the second is the overall diameter of the tire, and the letter R traditionally indicates the radial design of the tire, and the third number indicates landing diameter tires.
Bias tires have, mostly, inch designations, for example, 6-16”, the complete absence of letters in the index indicates that the tire is a diagonal design, there is no “/” sign here, which indicates that the tire is full profile, the width of the tire and profile height is the same.
Features of installing radial tires
Knowing what is radial tire, you should deal with questions - how to install radial tires, and what care is needed for them. If the tire is installed incorrectly, it is more prone to wear and the safety of the car is at risk.
When installing such tires on a car, you need to follow some rules:
- when installing a radial tire, you should be guided by its marking;
- the inscription "Rotation" and a large arrow indicate the direction of the wheel;
- directional tires also have special designation side of technology. So tires with the designation "Right" are suitable for wheels on the right, and with "Left" - for the left;
- asymmetrical tires may contain the inscriptions "Inside" and "Outside", which indicate the outer and inside. They indicate the correct location of the side surfaces relative to the vehicle;
- TL or "Tabelles" - marking designation for radial tubeless tires. If there is no such inscription, the installation of a radial tire should only be with a camera.
Not only the length of their service life, but also important driving performance car.
As you know, all tires for special equipment are divided into and bias. So what does a radial tire mean, where is it used, and how is it different from a diagonal tire? We will consider the features and marking of radial tires in our article.
Any tire has a certain design: it consists of a carcass, internal basis tires, and breaker. The frame is made of several layers of rubber, and a textile thread gives it the necessary rigidity and strength. Radial tires are distinguished by a thread that is perpendicular to the track. This provides the technology with high throughput.
The breaker is the outer base on which the tread is built. The tire cord is its power part, it runs diagonally with a large angle.
Benefits of Radial Tires
- Due to its design, the radial tire retains its shape better, unlike its diagonal counterparts. Due to this, special equipment becomes more maneuverable and easier to manage, which makes work safer.
- The design of the radial tire allows special equipment to better grip the surface, such tires have a more even and stable shape.
- The wear resistance of the tread is much higher than that of the diagonal tread.
On the side of each special tire is a number of different inscriptions that characterize the tire. As a rule, the marking of radial tires contains information about the manufacturer, type and model, tire size, as well as load and speed indices.
The marking may also contain a number symbols. For example, a circle filled with light paint is a balancing mark, important element tire fitting. And the letter "E" with numerical values indicates certification according to the European safety standard.
Features of installing radial tires
The correct installation of radial tires affects not only long term their suitability, but also on important running characteristics. If the tire is installed incorrectly, it will be more subject to wear and safety will be compromised.
When installing a radial tire, you must be guided by its marking.
- A large arrow and the inscription "Rotation" indicate the direction of movement of the wheel.
- Asymmetric tires may contain the words "Outside" and "Inside", indicating the inside and outside. They show the correct position of the side surfaces in relation to the machine.
- Directional tires also have the designation of the side of the vehicle on which fit tire. So tires with the designation "Left" are suitable for wheels on the left, and with "Right" - for the right.
- "Tabelles" or TL - designation marking of radial tubeless tires. If there is no such inscription on the tire, then the installation of a radial tire is possible only with a camera.
Big choice radial tires for various models special equipment you can find in our online store. The catalog contains special tires
Invented in the middle of the 19th century, the world's first tire, before becoming the obvious subject of a car today, went through several stages of its evolution, which brought it to new level technical progress. The idea to lighten the load on wooden wheels and reduce the frictional force came to the mind of a young inventor, Robert William Thompson. The design of this tire was very simple. It consisted of an inner chamber and skin that protected it from the outside. This design clearly refers to the first type of tires of our time - chambered. On this moment there are four of them:
- Chamber.
- Tubeless.
- Radial.
- Diagonal.
The next brilliant idea belongs to Chald Kingston Welch, who decided to use steel wire for a stronger connection between the tube and the tire. This tire design has been used for more than a century and only some of its parts have been improved.
Construction of car tires
The car tire of our days consists of several simple parts:
- frame.
- Korda.
- Protector.
- Several layers of rubber inside the carcass.
The frame has an inner and side parts, which are made of rubber. Rubber is considered the most high quality product for its manufacture. The materials used for the cord may vary. Depending on the expected loads, the cord can be made of metal, various polymer alloys or textile materials. The task of the tread is to provide good grip with the road surface under certain conditions. weather conditions, therefore, there are two new tire definitions:
- Summer.
- Winter.
Winter equipment can be equipped with additional studs that protrude slightly from the tread. This helps keep the car on icy roads. Greater preference is given to combined kits that have high performance both on ice and on dense snow.
Tube and tubeless tires
Robert Thompson, having created a tube tire, simply did not have technical feasibility develop tubeless. His cell, made of glued canvas, was well protected. covered in leather, but technological progress has simply supplanted his work of art.
The main distinguishing ability of the tubeless version is that in the event of a carcass penetration, the air pressure drops much more slowly relative to the first option, making it possible to get to the nearest tire service without calling a tow truck. Although you can repair your own camera and save money, most stick with the new tubeless type.
Radial and diagonal cord arrangement
These two types are distinguished by the structural arrangement of the wire relative to the frame. They differ significantly from each other and require consideration separately. 
Diagonal
Often equipped with a chamber and have two layers of cord that intersect with each other in the middle of the tread. Capturing the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe frame, they have high strength indicators. Cuts and punctures in the side parts are subject to repair, and a side cut in the radial view tells the driver about the inevitable purchase of new rubber. 
The price of the diagonal ones is much lower than the radial ones, and this is probably the second main reason their presence in the market. They are more suitable for trucks who work in polluted areas in the construction industry or other similar areas.
Radial
The cord, located along the radius between the carcass rubber layers, provides best contact with the track due to greater contact. Basically, they do not use the camera and have soft sides that soften bumps on uneven surfaces. High thermal conductivity provides good traction, which allows the car to have good maneuverability at high speeds. 
Due to the uniform load over the entire surface of the tread, its service life is significantly increased. It is these indicators that are more suitable for cars made them so popular. Almost all new cars equipped with them.
It is impossible to single out a specific type due to the distinctive areas of application. Depending on the type of car and future working conditions, as well as the time of year, choose the appropriate tires. Wear resistance depends only on manufacturers. Prices can make a huge difference, depending on the materials used, but Thompson's design ideas can't be beaten to this day.
Radial and diagonal tiresdiffer from each other in the design of the frame.frame- this is the basis of any tire, which consists of several layers of rubber and textile thread; inner layer of the tire. Its outer layer is a breaker on which the protector is located.
Radial tire: history
Radial tires- Invented by MICHELIN. On June 4, 1946, the company patented this design, and then radial tires began to gradually replace others. car tires. At that time, the radial tire had 2 decisive advantages over its competitors: it heated up less and improved the car's handling.
What is the difference between radial and diagonal tires
diagonal tire, invented earlier, it was a frame of diagonally stretched textile threads - from one rim to another, "overlapping", in two directions. This design assumed an even number of layers. Tires with diagonal frame have stronger sidewalls, resistant to damage and punctures. Even with a possible cut diagonal tire repairable and can be used for further operation.
Carcass threads in a radial tire run perpendicular to the direction of movement, in one direction. This makes it possible to use several layers of the frame. Technically, this design affects driving safety, flexibility, and, therefore, handling, as well as uniform tire wear. Radial tires for the entire period of their operation have shown top scores than diagonal tires.
Which tires are better radial or diagonal
All tests carried out by both professional and ordinary car drivers have shown that radial tires are better than bias tires. This is confirmed by the fact that the former almost forever ousted their predecessors from the passenger car tire market, leaving only the niche of freight transport.
