Phrase " american car with V8" sounds as logical as "borscht with donuts". Phrase " soviet car with V8" still sounds as unusual as "bacon ice cream". Meanwhile, and ice cream with bacon, and soviet cars with eight-cylinder engines existed and continue to exist - we recall the glorious carriers of the glorious V-shaped units.
Of course, the vast majority of these cars are big black sedans for the party elite. However, in the development in the Union there were also such “folk” copies, which are still expensive to look at today. But let's start with BChS.
This beautiful black sedan replaced the outdated ZIS-110, which was not included in our selection only because its 8 cylinders under the hood were arranged in a row, not at an angle. But ZIL-111 received new motor with a similar marking, which had 6 liters of displacement, two hundred horsepower and a torque of 442 Nm. In tandem with him, a dual-range torque converter "automatic" worked.
On the basis of this sedan, the ZIL-111V phaeton, the successor to the ZIS-110V executive convertible, was also developed a little later.
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This, in turn, is the heir to the ZIL-111 - already at that time it was necessary to follow the automotive fashion so as not to “oversleep” the current design trends. The new sedan also received a new engine - of course, with the same markings as the sedan itself. This carburetor unit already gave out 300 forces with a volume that had grown to 7 liters, and the torque increased to 559 Nm. The automatic transmission, with which the new motor worked, also received an additional step.
Of course, several special modifications were also produced on the basis of the ZIL-114. One of these is the ZIL-114A station wagon, which received a medical specialty. In the USSR, such machines were called "Black Doctors".
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This is a shortened version of the ZIL-117 limousine, which received the same technical basis as the original. The seven-liter ZIL-114 engine, with a reduced weight of the car, provided more confident dynamics, and a decrease in the base had a positive effect on handling.
ZIL-117 also did not escape popularity as the basis for special machines. In addition to copies for the special services, a two-door phaeton with a cloth awning was also produced - such cars participated in parades on Red Square.
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The limousine, which was supposed to receive the name ZIL-115 as the legal successor to the previous car in the collection, became known as the ZIL-4104 due to the change in the index system. The same name was given to its engine - V 8 with a volume of 7.7 liters. This unit received a slight increase in power relative to its predecessor - it increased to 315 hp, but the torque increased more noticeably, to 608 Nm. The motor retained the main features: an aluminum block with cast-iron liners, two valves per cylinder, hydraulic valve lifters and a carburetor power system.
The government limousine traditionally went to serve in various departments, receiving various modifications. In addition to the ZIL-41044 phaeton, there was also a “short” sedan ZIL-41041, and the “Black Doctor” ZIL-41042, and a special version of the ZIL-41072 “Scorpion”, and many other special vehicles.
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This car has become a cosmetic update of the ZIL-4104: this is clear even from the name. Having saved technical part and the body are unchanged, it received new lighting equipment, a modernized version of the design of the front end and a different style of chrome elements on the body.
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This is the last update of the ZIL-4104: such cars were produced until 2002, and after that they began to be produced piece by piece on special orders. The car was again left technically unchanged, but refreshed from the outside, making the exterior stricter and “square”.
This car, unlike most Zilov cars, did not become serial. Initially, it was supposed to replace the "short" ZIL-41041, having received a modern appearance and new technical stuffing. The appearance of the new car was noticeably “more democratic” than that of the rest of the family, but the equipment was not inferior to them.
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The same ZIL-4104 engine with a volume of 7.7 liters and a power of 315 hp was placed under the hood, and the main technical distinction new machine was the lack of a frame - it was planned to be transferred to load-bearing body. However, the car did not receive development, remaining to exist in two copies, on which technical solutions and options for internal equipment were worked out.
In the photo: Under the hood of the ZIL-4102 Experienced '1988
ZIL-118 "Youth"
ZIL-118 "Youth" is not a passenger car, but a minibus, but we simply could not ignore it: its appearance was too chic - however, only in the first incarnation. The history of this curious car, but here we offer just to admire this example of the style of its time and class.
In the photo: ZIL-118 "Youth" '1962-70
Finishing the speech about Zilov cars, you can take a break from black sedans: in the history of the plant there were sports cars. One of these is the ZIL-112S: a fast roadster with a fiberglass body. Not one, but two different V-shaped “eights” could be installed on it. The first had 6 liters of working volume and developed 240 hp, and the second - already 7 liters, which at different times gave from 270 to 300 horsepower. The maximum speed of the roadster was about 270 km / h, and acceleration to hundreds took less than 5 seconds.
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GAZ-13 "Seagull" is another legend Soviet car industry. Embracing the style foreign cars of that time, she looked luxurious, bold and solid at the same time. The GAZ-13 engine was a match for the exterior: a 5.5-liter V 8 produced 195 hp. and 412 Nm. It had two valves per cylinder and an aluminum block, and was combined with a three-stage automatic transmission. In addition to it, the GAZ-13D engine was installed on the car, which, with the same volume and torque, already had 215 hp.
In the photo: GAZ-13 "Seagull" '1959-81
Of course, not without various modifications and on the basis of gas machines. So, for example, Chaika had an open version with soft top, which bore the GAZ-13B index.
In the photo: GAZ-13B "Seagull" '1961-62
The successor of the first Seagull, new car under the GAZ-14 index, it began to look completely different - stricter, simpler and more angular, approaching Zilovsky limousines in its style. Twin headlights, long and low profile, a dosed amount of chromium - this was Chaika in the second generation. At the same time, the GAZ-14 engine was registered under the hood, developed on the basis of the same GAZ-13 and having 5.5 liters, but a little more power and torque - 220 hp and 450 Nm, respectively. It was fed by not one, but two carburetors at once.
In the photo: GAZ-14 "Seagull" '1976–89
On the basis of the "second" Chaika, both the traditional phaeton for parades under the GAZ-14-05 index, and the Black Doctor GAZ-RAF-3920 were created.
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In the photo: GAZ-14-05 and GAZ-RAF-3920
A separate caste of powerful gas vehicles with V 8 is cars for special services, the so-called. GAZ-23 - a sedan based on the GAZ-21, which received a reinforced body, adapted to install a slightly modernized power unit from Chaika. The ZMZ-23 engine had a volume of 5.5 liters and 195 hp. power, accelerating the sedan to one hundred kilometers per hour in 16 seconds and providing a top speed of 160 km / h. Of course, under the new technical realities, not only the body was finalized, but also brake system, and transmission, and chassis.
In the photo: GAZ-23 "Volga" '1962–70
This sedan replaced the GAZ-23. The new "catch-up" also received an upgraded engine from Chaika and automatic transmission: with a 5.5-liter ZMZ-2424, according to various sources, it accelerated to 160-180 km / h.
The logical development of the model was the GAZ-24-34, which received a body from the GAZ-24-10, in which, according to a well-established scheme, a V 8 and a three-stage “automatic” were installed, simultaneously modifying all the main components of the car.
In the photo: GAZ-24-34 "Volga" '1987–93
This little known car was supposed to become a representative car of a new generation, not just replacing Chaika, but becoming much more modern and technologically advanced, and at the same time compact. Judge for yourself how much technical innovations was put into the car at the stage of creation: four-wheel drive With forced blocking center differential, disc brakes all wheels, hydraulic booster, climate control, original body glazing ... and this is only a small part of the interesting technical solutions- we talked in detail about
In the photo: Under the hood of the GAZ-3105 Volga '1992–96
Unfortunately, the new GAZ-3105 was never destined to become serial: the cessation of state funding and the emerging competition with foreign models made the model too costly to develop. The car that became unprofitable remained in the past as a model of what the conservative was capable of. Gorky plant with sufficient incentives.
Article about the 10 most famous cars heads of state of the world, their technical features and characteristics. At the end of the article - an interesting video about the cars of Russian President Vladimir Putin.
The content of the article:
The cars of heads of state are not just means of transportation. High demands are placed on such cars: they must be comfortable, emphasize status, and ensure maximum safety. Moreover, such cars can serve as a political tool - many heads of state emphatically move only in cars made in their country.
Rating of cars of heads of various states
As a rule, heads of state travel in cars that were custom-made specifically for them. Usually this armored vehicles executive class with a special set of security features.
It should be noted that some information about these machines is classified, so it is impossible to accurately determine their cost and complete list available options.
It is difficult to say which of the heads of state has the coolest car, all cars are good. Therefore, our rating will be very subjective, since it is difficult to arrange presidential cars in descending order. But we will try to do it (we hope the heads of state will not be offended).
The President of Italy promotes local auto industry and moves on a five-meter Lancia Thema sedan. This car is equipped with a powerful 6.4-liter engine.
Italian presidents have been favoring Lancia cars for decades. And it should be noted that these machines are not very expensive. Eg, basic equipment will cost 40 thousand euros.
It should be noted that Prime Minister Matteo Renzi also drives a Lancia car. He is extremely negative about the fact that officials drive premium cars, considering this a symbol of corruption. It should be noted that his predecessor Silvio Berlusconi loved expensive cars, therefore, he moved on an armored Audi A8 Quattro (engine size 4.2 liters, power - 310 "horses") and Maserati Quattroporte.
Matteo Renzi, trying to cut government spending, sold everything expensive cars officials (Maserati, Alfa Romeo, Jaguars, Audi, Subaru) at auction.
The Skoda auto concern presented the President of the Czech Republic. This car is equipped with a 3.6-liter engine, the power of which is 260 "horses". The car can move at a speed of 250 km / h, and up to a hundred can accelerate in 6.4 seconds.
The interior is sheathed in brown leather, the seats are equipped with ventilation and heating. The cost of the car is unknown. At the same time, the president goes to work without a motorcade and flashing lights. No one is blocking traffic for this.
It should be noted that for more than 60 years, all French presidents have traveled only in cars of their country. The most commonly used models brands Citroen. François Hollande uses the Citroen DS5 hybrid hatchback, demonstrating not only trust in the domestic auto industry, but also concern for nature.
Moreover, the car of the French president can probably be considered the most budgetary of all presidential cars Europe. Only safety elements were installed in Hollande's car. There are no attributes of luxury in it. The design remained the same, only an opening top was made. François Hollande has only two drivers, whom he ordered to drive according to all the rules, stopping at traffic lights and letting pedestrians pass.
Citroen DS5 is a 200 hp diesel-electric hybrid. This car costs a little more than 40 thousand euros ( production version). This car can rightly be called the "greenest" presidential car.
This car was chosen by the German chancellor as it fits official rules security imposed on the first persons of the state.
Audi A8L has an armored body that can withstand a grenade explosion and machine gun fire, bulletproof glass and special tires that, even after being hit by bullets, allow the car to move quickly. In case of danger, the limousine doors can be shot off, and passengers will be able to leave the salon.
The Audi salon has a small office, a mini-bar and a refrigerator. If Merkel goes on a trip abroad, she asks the host country to provide her with the same armored car.
6. Rolls-Royce and Bentley of Elizabeth II
The Queen's car fleet consists of five Rolls-Royces, but most of all, Elizabeth loves the Phantom VI model, which has a folding roof. This car was presented to the Queen back in 1978. Elizabeth II really liked the car, and she often appeared on it in public.
Recently, however, the queen has been moving more often in the unique Bentley Arnage Red Label. This car was given to her by the Volkswagen concern for her anniversary. It has an innovative air filter protecting the queen from harmful gases. This car was assembled by hand for over two years. Bentley is equipped with a 7-liter engine with a capacity of 400 “horses”, which allows you to accelerate to 210 km / h.
And here new prime minister Theresa May used to drive an armored BMW 7 series (when she was Minister of the Interior). Now she will have to forget about the German car. Most likely, she will change to the Jaguar XJ Sentinel, which was used by David Cameron. This armored car is capable of withstanding a bomb explosion with a capacity of 15 kilograms of TNT.
Previously, the President of Belarus drove a Mercedes, but recently he has been appearing more and more often in a Maybach 62. Such a car costs about 500,000 euros. According to the president, this car was presented to him by a Russian for his birthday. The car has many useful options, and the interior is very chic.
But it should be noted that Lukashenka does not drive this limousine very often so as not to “stand out”.
In Japan, the real power lies with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. For transportation, he uses a car made in his native country. Good, Japanese auto industry offers different products, so the choice in this country is huge.
Shinzo Abe uses two official cars(Toyota Century and Lexus LS 600h L). Toyota has been developing vehicles for the top leadership of the country for many years. Toyota car Century was assembled by hand, using a huge amount of secret technology. The power of the 5-liter engine is 280 hp. (this is the maximum under Japanese law).
Second company car Shinzo Abe is hybrid Lexus LS 600h L. The Prime Minister uses this car specifically to demonstrate the achievements domestic auto industry and care for nature. The base model of such a car costs 170 thousand dollars, but no one knows what features the car has, so the real price is unknown.
But Emperor Akihito moves around in a luxurious Toyota Century Royal. This limousine was specially designed for the imperial family, who used to drive the Nissan Prince Royal.
Century Royal is equipped with a 5-liter engine. Its power is 350 "horses". As you can see, for the imperial family, Toyota “violated” the law limiting the power of produced cars. The imperial Toyota has impressive dimensions, the curtains in the car are made of rice paper, there are special ceiling screens, as well as an electric granite footboard (a sign of respect to the monarch). The cost of the monarch's car is unknown, but base model such a car costs $460,000.
The head of China supports his own auto industry, so he travels in a FAW Hong Qi HQE limousine. It should be noted that in Chinese "Hong Qi" means "red banner". The car, of course, is armored. Its length is 6.4 m, width is about 2 m, height is 1.72 m. The car weighs as much as 4.5 tons.
Automobile Chinese leader equipped with a 12-cylinder engine with a capacity of 400 "horses". No one knows exactly what parts this machine is built from, all information about this is classified. For the first time on this car, the leader of the PRC was seen at the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PRC (October 2009).
The car was assembled by hand at the FAW facility located in Changhun. The Hong Qi brand was developed in the 1960s specifically to serve the needs of the government. The design of the limousine was inspired by Chinese motifs. For example, the radiator grill looks like an old fan. The exact price of the car is unknown, but according to rumors, it costs 0.6-1.2 million dollars.
A total of 100 such cars were built, and not a single copy was sold - all cars were sent to high-ranking officials in China. However, in early 2012, the Chinese government banned local officials from driving cars that cost more than $28,500. Therefore, many had to forget about luxury cars.
Since 2009, the President of the United States has only used a Cadillac One, nicknamed The Beast. This luxury limousine is considered the most secure car in the world.
This machine weighs more than 8 tons, its length is 5.5 meters. Doors have 20 cm armor, and windows - 12 cm. Even a shot from a grenade launcher will not damage them. Only the driver's glass falls into the car (and then by 8 centimeters).
If there is a chemical attack, there are oxygen tanks in the car. The salon is actually isolated from the outside world, equipped with an innovative air filtration system. In addition, in the car there are guns for security, tanks with tear gas and blood with the president's group to give a transfusion. The gas tank is protected. Fuel consumption - 30 liters per 100 km.
The tires of the limousine are reinforced with Kevlar, so even after being shot, the car will be able to deliver american president to the right place.
The salon has a laptop with the Internet, a telephone for communication with the Pentagon. The radio signal is encrypted (there are 5 antennas with different frequencies in the trunk).
The President of the Russian Federation uses a car of the German automobile industry. Armored limousine Mercedes S-600 Guard Pullman has a length of 6.2 m and a weight of 3 tons. The three-liter engine produces 400 "horses". Pullman armor protects against machine guns and grenades. The machine is equipped with a pressurization system in case of a gas attack. The interior of the limousine is like a mini-office, so the president can deal with all government issues directly from the car. Information about the device and the principle of operation of security systems is kept secret. Such a limousine costs at least 900 thousand euros.
However, the President of the Russian Federation has long dreamed of transferring to a domestic car. And such an opportunity may soon present itself.
Previously, the leaders of the country traveled in armored ZIL-41052 limousines. For a long time, US intelligence could not understand the secret of the Soviet "member carriers" (as limousines were called). After the collapse of the Union, the Americans purchased and dismantled the ZIL-41052. It turned out that the Russians did not reinforce the frame with armor, but created a special armored capsule around which the vehicle was already being built.
Now the ZIL plant is building an armored limousine ZIL 4112 especially for Putin. Little is known about the technical "stuffing" of this car. But it is quite possible that the president will soon be traveling in this domestic car.
Summing up
As a rule, leaders of states travel in cars made in their countries. At the same time, such machines must be equipped modern means security that can save the life of the first person. All other amenities are secondary.
Video about the cars of Russian President Vladimir Putin:
In most countries, the first persons - presidents, kings, prime ministers - as a rule, drive cars of domestic production. Russian President- so far an exception. Vladimir Putin now rides in an armored Mercedes Pullman S600 . And what kind of cars do the presidents of other countries of the world prefer?
Angela Merkel (Germany) —Audi A8
Automobile German Chancellor Angela Merkel
German Chancellor Angela Merkel prefers to use a sedan Audi A8L with an extended wheelbase, equipped with a six-liter engine with a capacity of 450 horsepower. The car is armored, its glasses are almost 5 cm thick, the wheels are impenetrable - the car can withstand firearms and a grenade explosion under the bottom. Of the equipment - a mobile office and a mini-bar with a refrigerator, nothing more.
Francois Hollande (France)Citroen D.S.5
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Automobile French President Francois Hollande
French President Francois Hollande uses an almost serial, unarmored hatchback Citroen DS5
with a hybrid engine. This is perhaps the most democratic choice of the presidential cars presented in this review. A sunroof was cut into the roof of the car so that the president could greet citizens during ceremonial events.
Giorgio Napolitano (Italy) — Lancia Theme
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Car
main vehicle Italian President Giorgio Napolitano- five-meter sedan Lancia Theme
. Formally, it is considered domestic ( Lancia
- the oldest Italian brand), although the car is a converted American Chrysler 300C
second generation, equipped with a powerful 6.4 liter V8 engine.
David Cameron (Great Britain) —Jaguar XJ Sentinel
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Automobile British Prime Minister David Cameron
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom David Cameron like its predecessors Tony Blair And Gordon Brown, prefers sedan brand Jaguar
. Armored XJ Sentinel
painted in dark blue. Predecessors preferred, respectively, silver and green. The traditional black color of executive cars is not held in high regard by British leaders.
Elizabeth II(Great Britain) -Bentley State Limousine
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Car British Queen Elizabeth II
The Queen of Great Britain enjoys an exclusive sedan released in 2002 in honor of the 50th anniversary of her ascension to the throne State Limousine from company Bentley . Formally, this car cannot be called domestic - since 1998 Bentley Motors Limited part of the German concern Volkswagen Group . Elizabeth II also owns a fleet of sedans Rolls Royce , including manufactured in 1978 in single copy Phantom VI with folding roof.
Xi Jinping (China) — FAW Hong qi HQE
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Auto President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping
executive car Chinese leader Xi Jinping the same as its predecessors - a limousine FAW Hong Qi HQE
(“Red Banner”) 6.4 m long, stylized as the first Hong Qi of the 50s of the last century (the design of which was strongly influenced by Soviet ZILs
that time). The design of the machine is a state secret. All that is known about the sedan is its weight: 4.5 tons, as well as the power of the 12-cylinder engine - at least 400 horsepower.
Shinzo Abe (Japan) — Toyota Century
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Toyota Century for Japan's senior leadership
Japan's senior leadership and the imperial family have been using sedans for many years. toyota Century,
which are hand-picked for them. The design of the car has hardly changed for 40 years. The power of the five-liter V12 is 280 horsepower (maximum allowed Japanese law). Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's sedan is more democratic than Emperor Akihito's car. Imperial Toyota Century Royal
more impressive in size, the car has rice paper curtains, ceiling screens and an electric granite footboard - a tribute to the monarch.
Barack Obama (USA) - Cadillac One
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Car US President Barack Obama
Seven-seater limousine Cadillac One
was made specifically for the current president of the United States. Obama's car is armored, equipped with a smoke screen device, a night vision system, a full range of communications equipment, an oxygen tank and blood transfusion equipment - for all this, the car of the US president received a well-deserved nickname. The Beast. Engine capacity of 6.5 liters, but outstanding dynamic characteristics, given the weight and size, the machine is no different.
Milos Zeman (Czech Republic) - Skoda Superb
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Car Czech President Milos Zeman
If you understand that your need is charitable help, then pay attention to this article.
Those who, without your participation, may lose an exciting business, turned to you for help.
Many children, boys and girls, dream of becoming pilots on the track.
They go to classes where, under the guidance of an experienced coach, they learn the techniques of high-speed driving.
Only constant exercises allow you to overtake correctly, build a trajectory and choose the speed.
The basis of victory on the track is a good qualification. And, of course, professional cards.
Children who participate in clubs are completely dependent on adults, because lack of money and broken parts do not allow them to participate in competitions.
How much pleasure and new sensations the guys experience when they get behind the wheel and start driving the car.
Maybe not only the champions of Russia, but even the future world champions in this sport grow up in such a circle?!
You can help the children's section of karting, which is located in the city of Syzran. They're in a dire situation right now. Everything rests on the enthusiasm of the leader: Sergey Krasnov.
Read my letter and look at the photos. Pay attention to the passion with which my pupils work.
They love this developing sport and really want to continue their education.
I appeal to you with a request to help the karting section survive in the city of Syzran.
Previously, there were TWO young technician stations in the city, and each had a karting section. Karting was also in the Palace of Pioneers. Now there is not a single station in the city, and the circle in the Palace of Pioneers was also destroyed. Closed - does not turn to say, just destroyed!
We fought, wrote letters, everywhere they got the same answer. About five years ago I went to the governor of the Samara region for a reception. He did not accept, but the deputy accepted me.
After that, we were given a room where we were based. We have a lot of children who want to go karting, but very poor material conditions do not allow recruiting children.
And most of the karts need repair. This is the position our circle is in.
We also turned to the mayor of the city of Syzran for help. We are waiting for help for the second year. We decided to contact you via the Internet for help.
You can contact me, parcels at the address, 446012 Samara region, Syzran, Novosibirskaya st., 47, through social networks SERGEY IVANOVICH KRASNOV. videos?view_as=subscri
ber Always, being on the wave of success, one must do works of mercy, give alms. And if the Lord helps in difficult circumstances, then do not forget about gratitude later. Then He will not forget about your needs.
ZIL-41047 - Soviet executive class car, which was used by the first persons of the state. It is a continuation of the 4104 model. The 41047 limousine is considered the last Russian car of this class.
General information about the ZIL-41047 limousine
The development of new transport began in 1985, when a new secretary general began to lead the country. They planned to replace the previous generation, 41045, with a new car. The twin front lights became rectangular, the design of the radiator grille was updated, and the turn signals were placed on the ends of the wings. Distinctive feature family consisted of round headlights (present in 4104 and 41045). The cars were used as part of the government cartege and for transporting political guests from other countries.
The last copy was collected in 2002, which was presented to the President of Kazakhstan. In 2009, they developed an "open" version for participation in military parades on Red Square. The car was not accepted because of the large awning box. Instead, they chose the 41041 AMG model, which is produced by Atlant-Delta. In 2012, they assembled another phaeton, which was presented to Yanukovych.
41047 took part in the cinema, namely in documentary"The Last Limousine" The director of the film, referring to unofficial sources, spoke about the refusal to accept last car 410441 because of the studio Deripaska, who used political influence to win his version.
Specifications ZIL-41047
Specifications are as follows:
- Designed for 7 people;
- Length - 6.3 meters;
- Width - 2.1 meters;
- Height - 1.5 meters;
- Wheelbase - 3.9 meters;
- Clearance - 17-19.5 centimeters;
- Weight - 3.9 tons;
- Engine capacity - 7.7 liters;
- Number of cylinders - 8;
- Power - 315 horsepower at 4-4.6 thousand revolutions;
- Gearbox - automatic;
- Maximum speed - 190 km / h;
- Acceleration to 100 km / h - 12 seconds;
- Average consumption gasoline - 22 liters per 100 km;
- Tank capacity - 120 liters.
Serial production provided for manual assembly by specialists of each instance. The design of a reliable welded frame is very interesting. It includes side members of a closed box section. Such a device provides the car with good stability on the road. The independent front suspension of the pivotless type is mounted on torsion bars. They influence lower arms. Telescopic shock absorbers and stabilizer are also present. roll stability. dependent rear suspension mounted on asymmetric semi-elliptical springs, there is also an anti-roll bar.
The motor is considered the main pride of transport. With a volume of 7.7 liters, it develops up to 315 horsepower at 4-4.6 thousand revolutions. This power is enough to accelerate to 100 km / h in 13 seconds. The maximum speed is 190 km/h. It has eight cylinders arranged in a V-shape. It is powered by AI-95 premium gasoline. The average consumption per 100 kilometers is 22 liters.
The driveline has two stages. Consists of two cardan shafts between which there is an intermediate support. Also equipped with three needle bearing joints, which always have a supply lubricant. The rear axle is leading, it is based on a rigid beam. in a separate crankcase rear axle the main gear is located.
The piston steering mechanism is equipped with power steering. It consists of a screw with a nut on circulating balls and a gear sector. Driver can customize steering column under its position for comfortable taxiing machine.
The disc brake system is equipped with automatic clearance adjustment and ventilated discs. Hydraulic drive consists of a vacuum and two hydraulic vacuum amplifiers. It consists of two working circuits, due to which the brakes of four wheels work.
The welded all-metal body has four doors. The cabin has three rows of seats. The first is for the driver and the security guard, the second and third are for the passengers. Between the first and two passenger rows there is a partition with a glass insert, which can be lowered if necessary. Up to 7 people can be in the transport at the same time. Determinal glasses on windows consist of three layers. Interior trim meets all the requirements of the premium class. The front row is sheathed in leather, the two rear rows are lined with expensive velor. Zone air conditioning system - for the driver and passenger zones.
The main feature of the whole family is that all body parts are made by professionals by hand. After their manufacture, manual installation on the body is carried out. This process may require manual adjustment of parts to each other. This makes each instance unique.
Appearance ZIL-41047
The first thing that catches your eye is the long hood and trunk. This distinguishing feature Soviet limousines, which allowed article 41047 in the years of production the longest stock car in the world. Body painting done on the highest level. To achieve an amazing appearance, 9-15 layers of paint were applied at the Likhachev plant. Each of them was carefully dried and then polished.
The front lights, as mentioned above, have become rectangular. Their main feature- the presence of washers and small cleaners to ensure good illumination of the road in inclement weather. For the production of headlights, the company entered into a partnership with Bosch. Minor changes include the abolition of the rotary windows on the front windows, as well as the changed position of the side mirrors - they began to be mounted in the corner of the glass.
The parade car was equipped with rubber plugs on the front fenders. They are used to fasten the brackets in which the flags are installed. To achieve complete rigor and elegance, the designers placed the gas tank cap under rear number. The emblem on the hood folds up when you press it.
Salon ZIL-41047
At the heart of the interior trim are expensive woods. Main disadvantage- use in finishing low-quality plastic elements. The classic ZIL steering wheel has a two-spoke structure. The driver's seat, trimmed with expensive leather, can be adjusted in many ways. The driver and passenger seats are separated by a massive panel. It is used to store various equipment.
To eliminate the possibility of fogging of the side windows, the engineers placed special blowers in the casing of the door casings. The driver and passengers can set the temperature that is comfortable for them, independent of each other. This is possible due to the 2-zone air conditioner. Heated windshield keeps it from freezing in winter. In the cabin, the sound from the street is practically not heard (noise-insulating materials are 5 centimeters thick).
Armored versions of 4105
After the assassination attempt on L.I. Brezhnev in 1969 government limousines began to equip with armor. The 4104 family received the first fireproof transport in 1983. It was developed on the basis of 41045.
The weight of the armored car exceeded five tons. It was based on an armored kapusala, the production of which was carried out by a plant in Kurgan. External differences from the standard limousine was not (despite this, the transport was given a new model "4105"). On the basis of 41047, 14 protected vehicles were built. Some documents claim that armored capsules from 41045 were installed for six copies, which did not use up their working life.
In the early 90s of the last century, three armored limousines were sent to Germany. One of them passed fire tests German company, after which the remaining two entered the government garage special purpose. During operation, shortcomings were revealed: the suspension and brake system could not cope with the new weight, so they were sent to Russia for revision. ZIL corrected the shortcomings by giving the cars the index "41053".
Armor thickness - 8.5 millimeters. This is enough to stop bullets with a heat-strengthened core of 7.62 mm caliber. Tests were also carried out with a Dragunov sniper rifle, from which steel bullets were fired. The test was successful. The armor can withstand a grenade explosion on the roof or under the car. Thickened glass withstood shots. By security new model ahead of all domestic and foreign counterparts.
Modifications ZIL-41047
On the basis of the last ZiL limousine, several varieties have been developed:
- 41041 - a shortened version for five people;
- 41042 - a car with medical equipment, was used to deliver the first persons to the hospital;
- 4105 - the body is protected by armor;
- 4107 - equipped with special communication equipment;
- 41052 - improved armored model;
- 41053 - model modified for Germany with an armored capsule at the base;
- 41072 - code name - Scorpio. Used by the security services of statesmen;
- 410441 - open version for serving military parades on Red Square. Three copies were collected that were not registered with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Two cars are at the Likhachev plant, one was sent to the personal collection of V.F. Yanukovych. Instead, they chose the 41041 AMG, made by a private atelier Atlant-Delta, to serve the parades.
What can be the conclusion?
ZIL-41047 - good example great professionalism of domestic specialists. During the years of production, transport bypassed all foreign competitors, including products from such giants as Cadillac and Rolls Royse. average cost such a car today can reach up to one million dollars, but it is almost impossible to buy it. The remaining cars are in museums and private collections.
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