Kama Automobile Plant, Naberezhnye Chelny: history, products, indicators.

Full title:	Kama Automobile Plant
Other names:
Existence:	1969 - present day
Location:	(USSR) Russia: Naberezhnye Chelny
Key Figures:	Sergey Kogogin - CEO.
Products:	Trucks, power units, buses.
The lineup:	 KAMAZ-4310 KAMAZ "Typhoon" KAMAZ-43114 KAMAZ-55111

Enterprise history.

In the mid-60s of the twentieth century, the need for heavy vehicles increased sharply in the Soviet Union. This was caused, firstly, by the growth of cargo turnover within the country. The country urgently needed equipment with a large carrying capacity, primarily road trains and dump trucks for transporting goods to long distance. Unfortunately, at that time, the bulk of the cars were cars with a carrying capacity of less than 8 tons, moreover, the service life of many of them had long since come to an end. Thus, the country has sharply raised the issue of organizing the production of new heavy vehicles. However, none of the existing car factories in the country could cope with this task. Therefore, the directives of the XXIV Congress of the CPSU indicated the need to create new car factories for the production of heavy vehicles in the Tatar ASSR.

The decision to build such a complex of factories in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny was made by a resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR already in mid-1969. This city was not chosen by chance. Its geographical location was the best suited for this role, primarily due to its close proximity to the city. railway. An undoubted advantage was the presence of the organization "Kamgesenergostroy" - the largest diversified construction organization in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the entire Soviet Union. It was she who was entrusted with the construction of housing, factory facilities, as well as the construction of a dam and a hydroelectric power station. Over 100 thousand people who came from all regions of the vast country were involved in the construction to fulfill all the tasks set.

Start of construction of the plant.

The construction of a plant for the production of heavy vehicles began in the fall of 1969. In the presence of party and economic leaders, a concrete block was installed at the site of the future heavy-duty vehicle plant in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, on which it was written: "The Kama Automobile Batyr will be built here." Thus, the beginning of the construction of the Tatar hero was marked (“batyr” is translated from Tatar as “hero”). The day when excavators first started working at the site of the future plant was December 14, 1969.

According to the plan, the factory complex was supposed to consist of seven production facilities that would be responsible for all stages of the production of heavy vehicles. This included foundry, forging, press-frame, repair and tool, aggregate, engine and car assembly production. The construction of the first of them - the Repair and Tool Plant and the Foundry Plant - began in the autumn of 1970. Some time after the construction of all the others, a mechanical repair plant and a small car plant were also built. All production was located on a vast territory of over three million square meters.

Simultaneously great attention was given to organizing the production of trailers for future cars of the new car factory. It was decided that the design of trailers would be carried out by the State Design Bureau in the city of Balashov, and the design department of the Odessa car assembly plant will design semi-trailers. At the same time, the construction of a plant began in Krasnoyarsk, which will produce trailers and semi-trailers for new heavy vehicles.

Such a scope of preparation was explained by the importance of the future of KAMAZ. It was planned that it would produce not only over 150 thousand heavy vehicles, but also 250 thousand diesel engines for installation in machines of other enterprises. They were planned to be used in the Urals, ZILs, as well as some series of buses. In order for the plant's products to meet all the tasks set, the issue of technological equipment was approached with all seriousness. The plant was equipped with the most modern technology, including foreign ones. Among the 700 foreign firms that supplied their equipment to the plant are such well-known corporations as Hitachi, Renault, Ingersoll Rand, Bush, Huller, and many others.

To decide on those projects for which the automotive industry will be carried out, not only factory, but also acceptance tests were carried out. So, for example, in order to create an experimental ZIL-170, 10 various modifications cars. Each of them was designed for weight up to 26.5t. State tests of experimental samples were carried out on many trances of the country. The Orel-Kyiv route was chosen to test road trains designed for the largest load (over 30 tons). Dump trucks ZIL-5510 and ZIL-53202 were tested on the Uglich-Rybinsk highway. Part of the experimental cars were driven near Moscow, using the Dmitrievsky training ground for this purpose. The main tests, of course, took place in remote and sparsely populated parts of the country: in Transbaikalia, the Tyumen region, as well as in the desert. In total, 40 experimental samples participated in the tests, which traveled over 4.5 million km.

Due to the fact that the plant was built under the auspices of the All-Union Komsomol Construction, its construction was completed much earlier than planned. Already in 1973, all the objects of the first stage were built, and in May of the following year, the first KAMAZ engine was produced in an experimental mode. First power unit N1 was assembled at the end of 1975.

Official opening of the plant.

Officially, the opening of the plant was announced in 1976, after checking the readiness of the first stage of KAMAZ by the State Commission of the USSR, at the same time the phrase “ Production Association».

February 16, 1976 is considered the date of production of the first truck of the Kama Automobile Plant. The production of cars at the plant went at an accelerated pace, ahead of annual plans. So, already in the autumn of 1977, 15,000 heavy vehicles were produced. The 100,000th anniversary truck rolled off the assembly line in the summer of 1979. A year and a half later, the 200,000th KAMAZ heavy truck was produced, and a year later, in March 1982, the 300,000th KAMAZ heavy-duty vehicle.

In the first years of the plant's existence, the bulk of production (43%) was represented by NefAZ dump trucks. The rest of the production volume was mainly distributed between flatbed vehicles (27%) and truck tractors (20%).

After the completion of the construction of the second stage of KamAZ in February 1981, it became possible to organize the production of new series of vehicles. Two years later, the production of a three-axle truck KamAZ-4310 was launched, and a little later, the production of two-axle trucks mobiles.

At the end of the 80s, the enterprise began the production of small cars "Oka". The first car "Oka-VAZ-1111" was released on December 21, 1987.

During the restructuring, KAMAZ tried to establish ties with foreign partners. Among the most successful attempts is the creation of a joint venture with DAF. The Dutch manufacturer supplied cabs for the Kama Automobile Plant, the dimensions of which were specially made taking into account the chassis of KAMAZ trucks. Despite the fact that an experimental batch of KAMAZ-5325 with Dutch cabs was successfully released, the cooperation did not last for a long time.

Privatization, which was gaining momentum in the country during perestroika times, did not bypass the KAMAZ production association, on the basis of which a joint-stock company was created.

An unforeseen circumstance - a fire in April 1993, which almost completely destroyed both the plant buildings and equipment - stopped the production of cars for a while. However, the restoration of the enterprise was thrown a large number of material and human resources, and six months later the plant continued its work.

On the border of two centuries.

At the beginning of the new millennium, much attention was paid to the compliance of the plant's products with European environmental requirements, resulting in the release new engine"Euro 3". It was also decided to expand the production of Oka small cars and start production of KT-240K tractors and NEFAZ Tourist class buses.

The company also continued to work on establishing contacts with foreign partners. As a result of the work done, in 2005 a joint venture was established with Zaenradfabric, which produced gearboxes. In the same year, the Severstal group of companies acquired a controlling stake in OAO ZMA. A year later, the factory began assembling Cummins engines B for medium-duty trucks.

At present, KAMAZ OJSC is a modern harmoniously developing enterprise with a constantly increasing annual number of heavy vehicles produced. It includes 9 large factories located in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. In addition, KAMAZ trucks are also assembled in other cities of Russia, as well as in other countries: Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Poland and Ethiopia.

The history of the Kama Automobile Plant begins in December 1969 in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny on the banks of the Kama River, which was then in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. According to the ideas of the Soviet government, the Kama Automobile Plant was supposed to be the most the largest factories for the production of trucks and diesel units for cars. The volume of cars was supposed to be in the region of 150 thousand, and the volume of engines was 250 thousand, with such volumes of plant construction, the construction site was called (construction of the century).

The basis for the construction of the automobile plant was also a promising program for the creation of trucks on a unified 3-axle diesel chassis 6 × 4 with a cab over the engine and an axle load of not more than 6 tons, on which it was supposed to produce a wide range of flatbed trucks, dump trucks and truck tractors, designed for work on roads of any categories in all climatic zones of the country. The entire family was created "from scratch" at the Moscow and Minsk Automobile Plants (ZIL and MAZ), and the engines were developed at the Yaroslavl Motor Plant (YaMZ).

For new machines, an economical 4-stroke diesel KamAZ-740 V8 with a working volume of 10852 cm 3 (cylinder diameter and piston stroke - 120 × 120 mm) was created with volume-film mixture formation and toroidal combustion chambers. IN basic version it developed 210 hp, but in the future it was supposed to expand the power range from 180 to 360 hp. -x range divider, interaxle locking differential built into the checkpoint main gear middle bridge.

The release on February 16, 1976, on the eve of the XXV Congress of the CPSU, of the first trucks of the KamAZ brand was a notable achievement of domestic automotive technology. In 1976-78. The program included only three basic models: KAMAZ-5320 truck with an onboard platform gross weight 15.3 tons and a load capacity of 8 tons, a 10-ton construction dump truck with rear unloading KAMAZ-5511 with a gross weight of 18.9 tons and truck tractor KAMAZ-5410 for work as part of a road train with a gross weight of 26 tons.

In subsequent years, a flatbed 10-ton truck "53212" with a gross weight of 18.4 tons appeared with a wheelbase increased from 3190 to 3690 mm., Chassis "53211" and "53213" for special equipment weighing up to 11 tons, agricultural 7th ton dump truck"55102" with side unloading and a truck tractor "54112" for a 33-ton road train. In the first years, 43% of the production volume was dump trucks with the body of the Neftekamsk plant (NefAZ). On-board variants accounted for 27% of production and 20% for truck tractors from 10 step box and sleeper cab.

With the commissioning of the second stage of KamAZ in 1981, the production of the 6-ton series "4310" (6 × 6) began with permanent drive on all wheels with single tires. The base model "4310", designed for the army, had a winch, a tire pressure control system and two fuel tanks. A simplified 7-ton version of "43105" was intended for work in agriculture. In the early 80s. all base models received engines increased from 210 to 220 hp. power and 10-speed gearboxes. A 13-ton dump truck "55111" with a new body with longitudinal side ribs and a 9-ton chassis "55113" for working with swap bodies were manufactured.

Only by the mid-80s. the industrial complex in Naberezhnye Chelny, renamed for a short time into the city of Brezhnev, began to work rhythmically. In October 1988, the 1 millionth truck rolled off its assembly line. Meanwhile, it turned out that these cars are in demand almost only within the country. hopes for large deliveries to developed countries that allowed higher axial loads, were not justified. With the beginning of perestroika and the appearance of imported trucks on the Russian market, the situation became even more complicated. It finally turned out that domestic KamAZ trucks are not able to compete with them, and foreign cars began to gradually push them into their own country. This forced the plant to take up the creation of the second generation, the start of production of which falls on 1988-90.

On updated trucks began to apply own engines turbocharged, as well as imported power units and components. At the same time, more comfortable versions of the previous cabs were developed with an increase of 120 mm. roof layout and external aerodynamic elements. The main event of this period is the introduction of a 2-axle family with a 4 × 2 wheel formula, developed under the leadership of the chief designer R.A. Azamatova. It was unified with 3-axle machines and has been produced since 1989 in small batches.

The new range included flatbed trucks "5315" and "5325" with a carrying capacity of 8.5 and 11.3 tons and a gross weight of 16-19 tons, as well as truck tractors "5415" and "5425" for road trains with a gross weight of up to 34 tons. The most successful at that time were considered modernized all-wheel drive 3 axle trucks"43101" and "43106" with a KamAZ-740.10 diesel engine with a power of 220 hp. At the same time, this engine began to be used on the entire range, and soon a new KamAZ-7403 turbocharged engine (260 hp) appeared. Based on the models "5320", "53212", "54112" and "55111", the production of modifications "53208", "53218", "54118" and "55118" began with a gas-diesel engine with a capacity of 210-220 hp, working on mixtures diesel fuel with compressed natural gas.

At that time, the first prototypes began to appear. In 1988, several 5415M (4 × 2) tractors were built with an original spacious cab, developed in our own artistic design bureau. They did not go into the series, and therefore most of the other experimental developments were serial KamAZ chassis with power units and cabs of foreign manufacturers. In 1991, a 2-axle truck tractor KamAZ-5425MA was created with an American Cummins diesel engine with a capacity of 325 hp. and the cabin of the Finnish company "Sisu" (Sisu).

The most powerful was a 420-horsepower chassis with the same cab and 6 × 2 wheel arrangement. Such samples became the basis of the Altkam joint venture program, which later became independent. Abroad in 1989-90. chassis "5315" was offered in the 8 × 4 version for the installation of hydraulic lifts. With the transition to market relations, KamAZ was privatized and on August 23, 1990 became a joint stock company. Thus began the most difficult period in the short history of KamAZ, when it was on the verge of bankruptcy more than once.

To the huge technical, marketing and financial problems, a giant fire was added on April 14-15, 1993 in the engine department of KamAZ. Damage amounted to US$150 million. The production of a number of models was temporarily stopped, and some began to be equipped with Cummins diesel engines, which were soon replaced by Yaroslavsky engines. engine plant and enterprises "Barnaultransmash". If in 1991 KamAZ manufactured 102 thousand chassis, then in the year of the fire only 57 thousand, and in 1995 - only 21 thousand vehicles.

The third generation of KamAZ trucks, produced since 1995, was again based on modernized versions of the very first 6 × 4 series. Among them were 11-ton flatbed car"53215", truck tractor "54115" for a 36-ton road train, dump truck "55111.02" with a body capacity of 6.6 m 3, long-base chassis "53229" with payload 17 tons and chassis "5513" for concrete mixers and swap bodies. They were equipped with KamAZ-740.11 and KamAZ-740.20 turbocharged engines with a capacity of 240 and 260 hp, an enlarged cabin with top and side fairings.

most perfect mainline tractor"54115.04 Kulan" is equipped with a new cab with two berths, developed in conjunction with Dutch firm DAF (DAF), and anti-lock braking system (ABS). New models appeared among dump trucks - 13-ton "55112" with double-sided unloading and 15-ton "65115" with a body with a capacity of 8.5 m 3 and tipping back. The only 2-axle road truck was the 6.5-ton version of the "4325" with a 240 hp engine. Its all-wheel drive version was 4 ton car"4326" (4×4).

At the same time, the plant undertook the independent development of new machines, which represent a further development of previous models. On a 3-axle chassis, a 13-ton timber carrier "53228" and a dump truck "65111" (6 × 6) with a carrying capacity of 14 tons were developed. In 1996, the chassis "6520" (6 × 4) with a carrying capacity of 20-22 tons was introduced and a total weight of 33.5 tons for the installation of concrete mixers and special equipment, as well as a 19-ton dump truck "6522 Troyan" (6 × 6) with a body with a capacity of 12 m 3. They are equipped with a new KamAZ-740.51 diesel engine (11762 cm 3 , 320 hp) with turbocharging and intercooling, an 8-speed gearbox and wheel reduction gears.

Their development was the heaviest chassis in the KamAZ program "6340" (8 × 4) with a carrying capacity of 16 tons for dump trucks, concrete mixers and truck cranes. Since 1996, the 6540 dump truck with a payload capacity of 18.5 tons has been produced on its basis. At the same time, KamAZ has been assembling Oka passenger cars, on the basis of which the Gnome pickup truck and a van with a payload capacity of 300 kg have been produced since 2000. 4x4 vehicles The second generation "43101" gave life to a unified family of dual-purpose Mustang trucks. Their comprehensive testing was facilitated by the participation of the KamAZ team from the end of the 80s. in international rallies and races.

The new family includes 4 ton trucks"4350" (4 × 4), 3-axle models "43114", "43115" and "43118" 6 × 6) with a carrying capacity of 6.0-7.5 and 11.5 tons, respectively, as well as 8.5 -ton version "5350" with 220, 240 and 260 hp diesel engines, 10-speed gearboxes, lockable differentials, tire inflation system, mechanical winch, fuel tanks for 250-560 l.. More reliable disk hinges are used in the front wheel drive. Since 1998, the 16-ton version of the 6350 (8 × 8) with a gross weight of 26.8 tons has been produced, which completed the Mustang series, with a KamAZ-740.50 engine (360 hp) and a power take-off mechanism that transmits 100 % of power in the parking lot and 40% in motion.

Most original cars created at KamAZ for participation in the intercontinental marathons Paris-Dakar, Paris-Moscow-Beijing and Master Rally. Of these, in the 1990s the loudest success was accompanied by the cars "49251" and "49252" (4 × 4), which surpassed all foreign analogues and repeatedly won in prestigious competitions until 2001. They are installed domestic diesels V8 power from 280 to 830 hp and imported 16-speed gearboxes with remote control. Such cars with a gross weight of 14 tons are capable of reaching a maximum speed of 180 km / h on impassable roads or sands.

Several tuning companies from Naberezhnye Chelny work in cooperation with KamAZ. Enterprises "Autodesign" and "Elaer" offer comfortable cabins increased internal volume with external aerodynamic elements. OJSC "Development and Manufacturing Automotive Technology”(RIAT), along with the creation of more attractive cabs, has established the production of specialized trucks in small batches. Among them are the all-wheel drive timber carrier "6423" with a carrying capacity of 13.2 tons and the chassis "6426" (6 × 6) for the installation of a full-circle excavator, the dump truck "55111" with a body increased capacity, tankers and tanks on the chassis "53229", 3-axle truck tractor "54112M" with a residential module behind the cab.

In 1998, RIAT began manufacturing the Stayer cabs with an increase of 650 mm. roof height and two berths. The most interesting development was a 2-axle van KAMAZ-RIAT 5355 (4×2) with a carrying capacity of 7 tons with a body with a capacity of up to 22 m 3 for the quick delivery of small loads. It is equipped with a KAMAZ-740 engine (210 hp) or a 6-cylinder Cummins diesel engine (185 hp), a 5-speed Zf (ZF) gearbox, a new cab, speeds up to 120 km/h . List of add-ons different manufacturers on numerous chassis KamAZ reaches 100 models.

In the second half of the 90s, when the demand for KamAZ trucks dropped sharply, the plant actively set about creating prototypes and small batches of promising vehicles with predominantly imported units. Wherein Special attention is given to main truck tractors corresponding to the international level. In 1995, KamAZ introduced the 54112M tractor (6 × 4) for international transport with an in-line 6-cylinder Cummins diesel engine (269 hp) and a 9-speed Eaton gearbox. Permissible load per saddle 12 tons allows it to work as part of a road train with a gross weight of 34 tons.

High-speed trunk van "5360" (4 × 2) with a carrying capacity of 10 tons is equipped with a Cummins engine (380 hp), 2 disc clutch"Lipe" (Lipe), 16-speed gearbox ZF, rear air suspension and a cabin from a DAF-95 car. The 5460 Continent main truck tractor, similar to it, is designed for operation as part of road trains with a gross weight of 40 tons and develops a speed of 110 km / h. Option "5460.06" received a Cummins engine (370 hp), a 9-speed Renault gearbox (Renault), ABS and a new cab own production with two beds, created with the support of DAF and equipped with a refrigerator, a kitchen unit, an audio system.

For the 54601 option, KamAZ or Cummins engines with a capacity of 320-360 hp are offered. and a manual 8-speed gearbox. The 3-axle version "6460.06 Continent" (6 × 4) with a 16-speed gearbox and the most comfortable cab is unified with them. It is capable of operating as part of a road train with a gross weight of 46 tons and a speed of 100 km/h. In 2000, more economical 6 × 4 cars were introduced - a 14-ton flatbed truck "65117" (260 hp) and a truck tractor "65116", designed to replace the models "53212" and "54112", respectively, and also a 14.5-ton dump truck "45231" with 3-way unloading.

KamAZ did not reach the originally planned scale of production, although the production potential built into it was managed to be maintained. The volume of production of KamAZ OJSC in 1997 amounted to only 12,765 vehicles. In 1998, it fell to a record low of 3,300 cars, once again putting the plant on the brink of bankruptcy. Nevertheless, having overcome difficulties, in 2000 KamAZ manufactured 23.5 thousand vehicles, creating a good prospect for the future.

©. Photos taken from publicly available sources.

The Kama Automobile Building Complex is located in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. The plant produces heavy vehicles and is one of the largest specialized enterprises in the world. The company manufactures products under the common brand "KamAZ". The place where the Kama Automobile Plant is located? is an automotive cluster with a constantly evolving infrastructure.

Plant for the national economy

The decree on the construction of the plant was published in 1969. The small town of Naberezhnye Chelny on the Kama River was chosen as a place for accommodation. The location was determined taking into account the possibilities of logistics for the delivery and dispatch of goods. The city is located almost in the center of the former Soviet Union, the Volga and Kama rivers flowing nearby allowed water transport deliver materials for construction and equipment for workshops. The advantage was the developed network of railways and roads.

In the future, the geographical location and infrastructure solved the issue of sending the plant's products to consumers. Construction work at the production sites and the construction of the housing stock were carried out by the KamGESenergostroy organization. The construction was stormy and multinational, more than 2 thousand organizations of all ministries of the USSR were involved in fulfilling orders for the future plant.

Start of construction

Kama Automobile Plant was supplied with the best materials, technologies and equipment. The equipment was supplied by both domestic companies and foreign companies, such as Hitachi, Renault, Liebherr, etc. In total, deliveries were carried out by about 700 foreign companies.

Construction work began in the winter of 1969. Planned production capacity were supposed to ensure the production of 150 thousand units of heavy vehicles, as well as to ensure the assembly of 250 thousand engines during the year. The entire production complex occupies 57 square kilometers of territory on the banks of the Kama River.

A complex approach

Kamsky - Simultaneously with the buildings, residential buildings and urban infrastructure were erected. Employees received comfortable housing, schools, medical institutions, kindergartens, consumer services, sports and cultural complexes were built. Up to 40 thousand specialists arrived in the city annually. At the initial stage, the population was 27 thousand people, today more than half a million inhabitants live in the city.

The first car rolled off the assembly line of the new workshops in February 1976. To date, the number of manufactured products is estimated in millions. During its work, the Kama Automobile Plant has assembled more than 2 million cars and almost 3 million engines. Export is carried out in more than eighty countries of the world, every third truck with increased payload in the CIS countries belongs to the KamAZ family.

Stages of development

Almost all areas of the country's economy involve cars produced by the Kama Automobile Plant. The history of the plant knows ups and downs, but production has never stopped. The first stage of production facilities was commissioned in December 1976. By the time it was launched, the company had the best funds, twice as much as high performance auto giant VAZ.

The growth rate of production and expansion of construction was a record for the industry:

• The first annual production plan (1977) was completed in October with an indicator of 15 thousand cars. By the end of the year, the indicator improved by another 7,000.
• The 100,000th KamAZ rolled off the assembly line in June 1979.
• The second stage of production facilities was put into operation in 1981.
• Kama Automobile Plant in 1983 established the KamAZavtotsentr company, which included warranty service produced machines, providing the park with spare parts. By the beginning of the 90s, the company had 210 service centers.
• In 1987, the plant launched capacities for the production of small cars of the Oka brand. Since 1994, production has received the status of a separate plant, the capacity of which is designed for the annual production of 75 thousand cars.
• In 1988, a racing team was organized from the employees of the KamAZ plant (Kama Automobile Plant) with the name KamAZ-master, which subsequently won many prizes in domestic and foreign rally races.

Sustainability

Kama Automobile Plant (Naberezhnye Chelny) in 1990 passed into the status of a joint stock company. In the spring of 1993, a large-scale fire broke out at the enterprise in the production building of engines, which destroyed almost all the unique expensive equipment and premises. Recovery measures were taken almost immediately after the aftermath of the disaster. In December of the same year, the workshops began to produce engines again.

In 1996, KamAZ JSC moved to new status becoming an open joint stock company. In the same year, the company created a prototype of a new basic model of the KamAZ-6520 dump truck, which launched a line of new models of equipment. Mass production started in 1998.

Joint ventures

The enterprise entered the new century with updated plans and a developed model of the NefAZ-5299 bus with basic configuration Chassis KAMAZ-5297. In 2003 the company presented stock car KAMAZ-4308, designed for urban infrastructure.

In November 2005, the plant announced the organization of a joint venture - the German automaker ZF Friedrichshafen AG and KamAZ OJSC, the structure was named ZF KAMA LLC.

In the summer, production lines were opened in Kazakhstan (Kokshetau) and a Russian-Kazakh joint venture called Cummins KAMA was created. In the future, cooperation with European and domestic partners has been constantly expanding. There were joint ventures with companies from the USA, Germany, India, Austria and other countries.

Modernity

The anniversary two-millionth KamAZ was released from the main assembly line in February 2012. The following year, the serial production of trucks of the new model range- KAMAZ-5490 (trunk tractor). In subsequent years, KAMAZ-65206 truck tractors and KAMAZ-65207 flatbed trucks were put into production.

A new product in 2015 was electric buses, which were born as a result of cooperation with Drive Electro (Russia). Test tests were carried out in the field conditions of megacities and showed a satisfactory result. In the same year, the enterprise began testing an unmanned aerial vehicle manufactured at the enterprise.

In 2016, an enterprise was founded, at the facilities of which car cabin frames for trucks of the K5 generation will be produced, which has become the largest project since the construction of the KamAZ plant itself.

In 2017, the Kama Automobile Plant planned to complete the installation of a new type of engine assembly line - six-row R6. To date, completed and accepted by the commission construction works, equipment from the Heckert company (Germany) is being installed. By the end of the year, it is planned to assemble two hundred prototype engines on the new line.

Products

One of the largest automotive giants in Russia and the world is the Kama Automobile Plant. The abbreviation KamAZ is known not only in its native open spaces, but also abroad. The company produces big list automobiles, machinery, engines, manufactures related work, provides service.

Kama Automobile Plant, products:

• Serial vehicles (saddle tractors, onboard heavy-duty vehicles, dump trucks, special equipment with CMU).
• Special vehicles (truck cranes, garbage trucks, concrete mixer trucks, snow plows, tow trucks, drilling rigs, etc.).
• LPG vehicles (buses, dump trucks, truck cranes, tankers, municipal vehicles, etc.).
• Buses (city, suburban, intercity, electric buses).
• trailers ( flatbed trailers and trailers and semi-trailers - tanks, etc.).
• Spare parts for manufactured cars and equipment.
• Associated equipment (mini-thermal power plants, electric units, kamateiners, engines, power units, etc.).

Related productions and services

The Kama auto giant includes a large number of industries that, being part of the whole enterprise, sell their own products.

Plants of the KamAZ group and products:

• Automotive plant (gears for axle drives, axles for vehicles, balancer suspensions, repair kits, side platforms, etc.).
• Forge plant (crankshafts, levers, gears, swivel knuckles, expander knuckles, hubs, flanges, etc.).
• Foundry (iron, steel, non-ferrous, special casting, tooling and equipment for foundry work).
• Press and frame plant (cleaning and cutting of metal, painting of metal products, production of stamped products, welded parts, assemblies, etc.).
• Repair and industrial plant (development and manufacture of cutting, measuring, auxiliary tools, special tool, production and sale of spare parts for machinery, equipment, overhaul services for machine tools, stands, modernization of finished and obsolete equipment, installation of CNC systems, etc.).
• Engine plant (completion of engines according to the wishes of the customer, sale of engine components, galvanization of parts, heat treatment of parts, machining, etc.).
• Metrology (calibration of measuring instruments, verification of tolerance control equipment, services of a metrological laboratory, etc.).
• Service department (certified KamAZ centers, maintenance, original spare parts for all lines of manufactured vehicles and equipment, warranty service).

General performance indicators for 2016 (IFRS)

In 2016, the company's consolidated revenue amounted to 133,540 million rubles, which is 37% higher than the previous year. The company believes that the improvement in financial performance is due to the launch of a new model range of KamAZ heavy trucks on the market. Important role in qualitative and quantitative terms, the implementation of the nationwide import substitution program, increased labor productivity, management efficiency, and the introduction of advanced technologies played a role.

Kama Automobile Plant performance indicators for 2016:

• Consolidated revenue - 133,540 million rubles.
• Realization - 34,432 trucks (16% improvement over the previous year).
• Increasing the share of presence on domestic market- 56% (in 2015 the indicator was at the level of 51%).
• Net profit - 656 million rubles. (in 2015 - a loss of 2.38 million rubles).
• Profitability (EBITDA indicator) - 4.6% (in 2015 - 2.6%).

Indicators in 2017

According to the results of the 1st quarter, the accounting revenue from sales of products shows an increase compared to the same period in 2016 and amounts to 26.4 billion rubles (in 2016 - 17.2 billion rubles). The total profit amounted to 34.4 billion rubles ( in 2016, the loss was 2.2 billion rubles).

In 2017, it is planned to spend 20 billion rubles on development. In priority areas - investments in the construction of a plant for the production of cabin frames, import substitution, organization of production six-cylinder engines(new generation), development of modernized vehicles. Planned release production models vehicles is 36 thousand pieces of equipment.

Industrial tourism

Tours are held at many large enterprises, one of them is the Kama Automobile Plant. Photos of industrial facilities, detailed stories about technological processes, the history of the plant and the opportunity to be the first to see new generations of cars have become a reality thanks to the company's openness policy. Pre-registration is required to visit the workshops. Guided tours are organized for groups of 3 to 20 participants by accredited travel agencies.

Suggested routes:

• Automobile plant.
• Foundry.
• engine plant
• Press and frame plant.
• Visiting two factories (engines and automobile).

Tours are held during the working week.

Helpful information

The KamAZ plant ranks ninth among automobile plants in the world ranking. The company employs 52 thousand people. The main customers and consumers are the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, TNK, Gazprom. Products are exported to India, China, CIS countries, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Panama and other countries.

If you are wondering where the Kama Automobile Plant is located, its address is as follows: the Republic of Tatarstan, the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, Avtozavodskoy Avenue, building 2.

Kama Automobile Plant, or KamAZ - the largest Russian manufacturer trucks, buses, tractors, combines, electric units, thermal mini-power plants and components. The main production facilities are located in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny, Republic of Tatarstan.

In the 1960s, the USSR needed to expand its fleet of trucks to increase productivity while road transport. None of the existing automotive companies at that time could meet the huge demand for heavy trucks with a payload of 8 to 20 tons.

In August 1969, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU approved a number of documents, according to which the construction of a complex of automobile plants was to begin in Naberezhnye Chelny of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. It was assumed that they would specialize in the production of exclusively heavy vehicles.

Many cities of different republics competed to be chosen as the site for the construction of the future plant. As a result, the choice fell on a small town with a population of less than 30,000 people. Its advantages were its location in the center of the USSR, proximity to navigable rivers - the Volga and Kama, the presence of a railway, as well as the existence of the Kamgesenergostroy construction organization in this region, which had the opportunity to build a dam and a hydroelectric power station for the future enterprise and the city formed by it. The plans were to produce 150,000 trucks and 250,000 engines annually.

The construction of the plant was carried out on an incredible scale: workers from all over the USSR came to the construction site. From 1970 to 1981, investments in the construction of the enterprise amounted to 4.2 billion rubles, which was unprecedented for an automobile plant in the Soviet Union.

The most modern equipment, 81% of which worked on an automatic and semi-automatic cycle. More than 700 foreign firms and about 2,000 factories from 500 cities of the USSR were engaged in the supply of equipment.

In parallel with the construction of the plant, the city of Naberezhnye Chelny was rebuilt, the population of which eventually grew to half a million people. The necessary social infrastructure facilities and a large number of residential buildings were erected here. In the late 70s and early 80s, the city's population grew by 40,000 every year.

In 1974, the first power unit was assembled, and a year later their mass production began.

On February 16, 1976, the first truck, KamAZ-5320, rolled off the production line. Its design was developed on the basis of the ZIL-170 and ZIL-175 family of cars, which were designed in 1967-1969 by MAZ and the Yaroslavl Motor Plant.

The car was equipped with an economical four-stroke V8 diesel engine with a volume of 10,852 cm3 created “from scratch”. with a cylinder diameter and a piston stroke of 120 mm. In the "base" he developed 210 hp. In addition, the KAMAZ-5320 was equipped with a pneumatic double-disk clutch drive booster, a five-speed transmission with synchronizers in the four higher stages and a dual-range divider, as well as an interaxle locking differential, which was built into the through-line main gear of the middle axle.

KAMAZ-5320 (1976-2001)

In 1976-1978, KamAZ produced three basic models: a 5320 truck with a payload capacity of 8 tons, a 5511 construction dump truck with a payload capacity of 10 tons, and a 5410 truck tractor with a gross weight of 26 tons.

Then a 10-ton truck "53212" with a wheelbase increased to 3,690 mm, a 7-ton agricultural dump truck "55102", as well as a truck tractor for a 33-ton road train "54112" were developed.

In 1981, the second stage of the plant was put into operation. Launch of the 6-ton series "4310" (6x6) with single tires. The base model of the series was designed for the army and was equipped with a winch, two fuel tanks and a tire pressure control system. For agricultural needs, a 7-ton version of the "43105" was offered.

KamAZ-4310 (1978)

In the early 80s, all base models were equipped with engines with an increase of 10 hp, up to 220 hp, power, as well as a 10-speed gearbox.

By the mid-80s, KamAZ began rhythmic work. In October 1988, the millionth truck leaves his conveyor.

Despite the huge popularity of the plant's cars in the USSR, they could not compete with foreign counterparts. Therefore, the company began the development of the second generation, the release of which started in the late 80s.

Updated cars were equipped with turbocharged engines domestic production, as well as imported motors and components. Cabins have become more comfortable due to a 120 mm increase in the roof and some structural changes. In the same period, a family of two-axle 4x2 cars appears.

August 23, 1990 KamAZ became a joint stock company. In 1991, a 5425MA two-axle truck tractor was launched with a 325 hp Cummins diesel engine, which received a cabin from the Finnish company Sisu.

KamAZ-5425MA (1991)

With the transition to market relations and the advent of imported trucks, the company began to experience sales difficulties, which led to a deplorable financial condition. Added to these troubles was a huge fire that broke out in the spring of 1993 at the Engine Plant. Damage from the fire was estimated at $150 million. For a while, the production of a number of models stopped. To cope with its consequences, the plant attracted the help of the government of Tatarstan and the Russian Federation.

Since 1995, the third generation of trucks has been produced, which was based on upgraded versions the first series of 6x4. Among these models were the 11-ton "53215", the dump truck "55111.02", the truck tractor for the 36-ton road train "54115" and others. These vehicles were equipped with 240- and 260-horsepower turbocharged engines KAMAZ-740.11 and KAMAZ-740.20.

KAMAZ-53215, 55111, 54115

In November 2009, KamAZ OJSC created two joint ventures with Daimler AG.

In the same year, an agreement was signed with Daimler Trucks, according to which KamAZ receives the technology for the production of Axor cabs. They will be installed on new generation medium-heavy trucks.

Now OJSC KamAZ occupies the 14th place in the world in terms of production of heavy trucks. His models cover a third Russian market heavy trucks and are operated in more than 80 countries around the world.

“Naberezhnye Chelny is the second largest city in the Republic of Tatarstan with a population of over 522 thousand people, located on the Kama River. The active development of the city began in the 1960s, when the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station was built, and then the all-Union construction of the giant KamAZ plant began. These factors led to a sharp increase in the city's population, large-scale construction of housing and urban infrastructure,” says Slava Stepanov.

(Total 29 photos)

During the construction of the city, Soviet architects laid down a competent engineering and transport infrastructure, thought out insolation, aeration, green areas. Naberezhnye Chelny on for a long time became one of the centers for the development of urban planning not only in the southeast of Tatarstan, but in a certain sense in the entire Soviet Union.

6. In 1982-1988 the city bore the name of the former head of the USSR L.I. Brezhnev, after which the historical name was returned to the city.

The mark of the upper level of this house, if we take the expanse of the Baltic as a reference point, is 207.9 meters from sea level. From which it follows that the roof of this house "is the highest point of existing capital construction projects in the Republic of Tatarstan."

According to an established tradition in Naberezhnye Chelny, residential microdistricts are designated as complexes. In the city on this moment there is a double addressing: each house has a street number (this address is written in the registration field in the passport) and the so-called building address (“address for the complex”). This name has been preserved since the time of construction, when a separate construction team was engaged in each microdistrict, building several residential buildings and household buildings at the same time - a school, kindergarten, shop - that is, a full-fledged residential complex. It is not customary in Naberezhnye Chelny to name an address by a street name, so sometimes residents do not know their street address.

The city has an interesting layout and road system: there are practically no left turns at intersections, and the roads themselves are made very wide, which significantly reduces possible traffic jams.

One of the largest enterprises in the Republic of Tatarstan, it ranks 9th among the world's leading manufacturers of heavy trucks.

17. The construction of the plant required the investment of huge resources, an extensive material base was formed for the enterprise from scratch, production facilities were built, and all the necessary infrastructure was created for the employees of the enterprise. Despite all these factors, according to some sources, all the costs of building a giant enterprise paid off in the first 8 years.

18. KamAZ produces more than 40 models of trucks in more than one and a half thousand configurations.

About 200 cars roll off the assembly line per day. By 2020, the plant plans to launch 100,000 vehicles annually from the assembly line.

A single production complex covers the entire technological cycle of production - from the development, manufacture, assembly of vehicles and components to the sale of finished products and service support.

21. Since 2010, the plant has started producing agricultural and road construction equipment under the CNH (Case New Holland) trademark.

22. But already in 2013, KamAZ decided to withdraw from this project as part of the strategy of “getting rid of non-core assets”.