Which oil is better. How to choose engine oil

It is well known that the quality of fuel and engine oil has a huge impact on the life or engine life. Considering that an ordinary consumer pours fuel into the tank, focusing mainly on the reputation of a particular gas station network, things are somewhat different with engine oil.

For this reason, a scheduled oil change, especially for novice motorists, sometimes becomes a real test. More precisely, it’s not even about the replacement itself, when it comes to removing waste from the engine and refilling a new lubricant, but in the correct selection of oil.

In this article, we will talk about what you need to know about motor oils, how to choose an engine oil, what oil viscosity is best for a new or used engine, whether to choose only well-known brands of oil, etc.

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How to choose engine oil for a car

So let's go. First of all, let us once again draw your attention to the fact that timely and correct selection are key aspects on which the stability, reliability and service life of any internal combustion engine depend.

At the same time, it is on sale huge assortment oils, which greatly complicates the choice not only for beginners, but also for experienced drivers. This is not surprising, since on the shelves you can see both affordable and far from budget products of various domestic and foreign brands.

All further choice is often based only on the recommendations of the seller. At the same time, one should not forget that the latter, as a rule, pursues its own commercial benefit, not caring much about the future fate of the motor. It is quite obvious that this situation is unacceptable for many car owners. If you agree with this, then let's spend a little "educational program" on motor oil.

Types of engine oils

For a better understanding of all the subtleties and nuances, let's start with the so-called basic base of any oil. Said oil base may be:

• mineral
• semi-synthetic
• hydrocracking
• synthetic

Mineral oil, popularly known as "mineral water", is made by distilling and refining oil. Synthetic oils (the so-called "synthetics") are made on the basis of the synthesis of gases. Semi-synthetic oil ("semi-synthetics") is a mixture of synthetics and mineral water in certain proportions.

Hydrocracked oil is made from petroleum, like mineral oil, but after a complex processing process, it resembles “synthetics” in molecular structure rather than mineral oil. Now let's take a look at all types of oils in more detail, as well as consider their advantages and disadvantages.

Mineral based oils

Mineral oils are often referred to as petroleum oils because they are made from petroleum. For manufacturing, refining processes are used, as well as distillation. This type oils are also further divided into: paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic.

The differences lie in the structure of hydrocarbons in the base. As for the lubricant for internal combustion engines, a paraffin base is best suited for these purposes, which are distinguished by improved viscosity-temperature characteristics.

We also add that the quality of the base depends on the sulfur content in it. Sulfur affects the oxidizing properties of the lubricant. A sulfur content of up to 1 percent indicates that such a base will age more slowly, that is, the wear of the engine and its parts will be less intense. If there is more sulfur, then additional processing is necessary, which means a higher final cost of the base.

To sum up the information, mineral oils differ from analogues in that they contain a large number of chemical additives that are needed to stabilize the characteristics of the oil base. At the same time, the loss of useful properties in relation to this group of lubricants still occurs quite quickly.

The main advantage is that mineral-based oils are the most affordable. However, keep in mind that they need to be changed more often. As practice shows, this type of engine oil is recommended for engines that do not operate under severe conditions.

In other words, long-term work Idling, poor fuel quality, general dust content of the outside air, high speed operation, high temperature control threshold (thermostat actuation) are the main factors that lead to the rapid operation of mineral oil in the internal combustion engine.

For this reason, this type of lubricant is mainly used in old cars (domestic "classics", many foreign production). The fact is that such an oil has a high viscosity, which reduces the risk of leaks in gaskets and seals, as well as reduces waste, etc.

Synthetic oil base

Synthetic oil is the product of a complex synthesis of a number of chemical compounds owing to which the finished product is characterized by high stability of the obtained properties.

First of all, synthetics are less viscous and are better pumped through the lubrication system, while reducing friction between parts in internal combustion engines. In modes of medium and high loads, a strong oil film is created, which allows you to reliably protect the engine, increase power, and reduce fuel consumption.

The excellent fluidity of synthetic lubricants at low temperatures makes it easy to start the power unit in cold weather. An increased evaporation temperature makes such an oil less sensitive to high heat.

The stability of the characteristics against the background of an extended service life indicates that the properties do not change, since the oil is not so susceptible to oxidation during engine operation. It is quite obvious that due to such unique features, synthetic oils are better, but also much more expensive than the highest quality mineral water.

At the same time, synthetics are most often used in sports cars, and are also poured into power units that constantly operate at very high and maximum loads. Also, the use of synthetic oil is justified when the car is operated in a region with very high or low air temperatures.

Semi-synthetics and hydrocracking

Oils of this group are a compromise between a cheap mineral base and expensive synthetics. Let's start with semi-synthetic products. semi-synthetic engine oil is a product obtained by mixing mineral and synthetic base. This approach can significantly improve performance indicators mineral water, while the price remains quite affordable.

Universal grease can be poured into both gasoline and diesel engines. Even in the API classification, you can find the marking EC1, EC2, etc. This is how energy-saving oils are designated. The larger the number, the greater the fuel savings that one or another energy-saving engine oil can provide.

ACEA classification

The ACEA classification appeared in 1996. The main difference from the API is a narrower definition regarding the scope of the lubricant. Also, special attention is paid to the anti-wear properties of the lubricant.

Oil marking is the letter A (for gasoline engines passenger cars, minibuses, light vans), as well as letters B (for diesel engines of cars, minibuses, vans) and E (for diesel units on heavy trucks, buses).

Additionally, there is a digital designation. The higher the number, the better the lubricant is. More numbers in the marking are indicated with a hyphen. These numbers indicate in which year the specification was approved or changed (for example, A3-96, B3-96, E3-96, etc.)

It should also be added that since 2004, another class of oils, designated by the letter C, has been added to the ACEA classification. We are talking about universal oils that can be equally used in gasoline and diesel engines.

So, given this information, it becomes clear how to choose engine oil for a gasoline engine or a diesel power unit. As you can see, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the oil base and viscosity, but also to the compliance of the lubricant with the recommendations of the engine manufacturer according to API and ACEA standards.

Taking into account huge selection lubricants, both specialists and simple drivers often they cannot give an unambiguous answer to the question of which engine oil manufacturer to choose. Some prefer to use Shell or Mobil, others prefer Liqui Moly, others recommend pouring Castrol or Total, the fourth stop at Lukoil oils, etc.

We note right away that choosing a lubricant only by manufacturer will be a somewhat erroneous step. For the engine, it is not the manufacturer that is much more important, but the lubricant change intervals, adjusted for the quality of the fuel and the operating conditions of the vehicle in each case.

In other words, there will not be much difference if you fill the engine with, for example, Mobil or Liqui Moly hydrocracking oil. The main thing is that the lubricant be original, taking into account the viscosity, and also comply with the tolerances and recommendations of your engine manufacturer.

Let's start with old or worn motors. In this case, one should not strive to fill in exclusively expensive synthetics, as with modern synthetic lubricants. It turns out that the use of expensive lubricants can only harm the motor, cause oil leaks, etc.

As for the common practice of increasing the viscosity of the oil on engines with medium or high mileage, such actions are allowed. However, you need to have sufficient experience, separately take into account the degree of wear of the unit, operating features, seasonality.

In other words, if the recommended oil is 5W-30, you can fill in 5W-40. It must be remembered that such a lubricant will be more viscous at low and high temperatures. In winter, this can result in difficult starting and increased wear. At the same time, after the internal combustion engine warms up, a worn engine running on a more viscous oil will run quieter and softer, the pressure in the lubrication system will increase, since a thicker oil film will fill the gaps between the parts that have increased due to wear.

Now consider the case when a specific brand of lubricant is indicated in the instruction manual (for example, original oil GM for Opel/Chevrolet, oil for Toyota or Ford). In this situation, it is optimal to purchase lubricant from official dealer especially if the car is under warranty.

If the car is not under warranty, then you can fill in any other brand of oil with the same characteristics as the original lubricant. By the way, when switching from one type of oil to another, even within the framework of using products of the same brand, in some cases it is recommended to flush the engine before changing the oil.

However, for older engines with a dirty oil system, it is not recommended to use. To flush the lubrication system, it is best to significantly reduce the intervals for changing the oil itself. This means that after switching to another oil, the replacement must be made not after 8-10 thousand km, but after 3-4 thousand. Then the next replacement is made after 5-6 thousand km, after which the lubricant is operated normally.

On cars with in the summer, it is better to use a more viscous oil, since driving on gas means that fuel does not enter the crankcase, and the oil is not so heavily polluted by gasoline combustion products and loses its properties more slowly. This approach allows you to slightly increase the relubrication intervals.

As practice shows, on many engines, oil has to be topped up from replacement to replacement. It is important to remember that it is highly discouraged to mix engine oils of different types and manufacturers. Mixing is allowed only when the situation is emergency, and a number of features must be taken into account. Also, you need to constantly monitor, preventing a decrease and excess of the permissible indicator.

If the machine is operated under severe conditions (long idling, city start-stop driving, short trips, etc.), then the oil change interval should be shortened. As a rule, it is better to change synthetics and hydrocracking in the CIS conditions every 10 thousand km, semi-synthetics require replacement by 7-8 thousand, mineral oil changes every 5-6 thousand km.

For diesel engines, as well as highly accelerated gasoline engines, an oil change is shown every 7 thousand km. However, one should not rely on the so-called Longlife oils with extended service life. The fact is that such products are not designed for domestic operating conditions (fuel quality, dustiness of roads, etc.).

Finally, we add that it is best to purchase oil from an authorized dealer or at verified official points of sale. The fact is that there are a large number of fakes on the CIS market. At the same time, it is important to understand that it is products that are often counterfeited. famous brands(Shell, Mobil, Liqui Moly, Castrol, Total, etc.)

The doubtful origin of the oil can also be indicated by its clearly reduced price. At the time of this writing, a liter of mineral water costs at least about 120-150 rubles, semi-synthetics has a price of about 300-350 rubles, synthetic oils cost about 600-650 rubles. for 1 liter. Please note that these prices are minimums. specific vehicle high-quality synthetics can cost about 1000 rubles. and even more.

To the class of consumables, need regular replacement. Often, the approach of the need to change the lubricant in a car results in a difficult dilemma for the owner, which is complicated by the issue of choosing a good and suitable option. It's no secret that the vehicle's engine is its main unit, and the features of the car oil poured into it are directly reflected in its functional characteristics. The range of automotive oils on the modern market is so large that it is difficult for an inexperienced and sometimes experienced car owner to decide which product to prefer when buying. In this article, we will tell you which oil is better to fill in the engine, providing potential buyers with a product rating for 2018, which will help them make a rational and correct choice.

TOP of the best motor oils.

Brand preference

Brand or brand is one of the main features that consumers most often pay attention to when making any purchase. Indeed, the concept of “good manufacturer” is an important factor in the selection of motor oil: only time-tested companies that use high-quality raw materials, produce goods that meet generally accepted international standards, can guarantee the supply of good oil products. The question of which brand of oil is better to fill in the engine will be answered by the rating of reliable and popular manufacturers of motor oils in 2018, compiled on the basis of feedback from users and professionals.

Oils under the Mobil brand occupy a leading position in terms of prevalence and sales in Russia. Under this trademark, emulsions are supplied, which are manufactured exclusively according to innovative technologies and advanced formulas. The Mobil brand is brought to the market with products that deliver consistent performance, versatility, and environmental resistance to maximize engine life.

Products Castrol is positioned by professionals as the best in the range of motor oils available on modern markets. Despite the company's rather high pricing policy, the quality of Castrol products conforming to all international standards allowed them to reach leadership positions for implementation in Russia. Materials under the Castrol brand guarantee the engine reliable and high-quality protection throughout the entire service life, fuel economy, effective cleaning structural elements. At the same time, motor oils of this brand are used by many automakers as starting ones, for pouring into the system from the factory.

The recognized leader in the production of motor oils is Shell, which ranks third in the ranking. Among the main advantages of Shell products, experts point out its thermal stability, first-class technical properties, resistance under any conditions, solid against wear and corrosion, an excellent combination of price and quality criteria.

Lukoil's domestic oil products are ranked fourth in the rating table and meet the requirements of international quality control organizations. budgetary price policy against the backdrop of worthy technical parameters provided liquids with special popularity among modern consumers. Among positive characteristics oils, experts note the stability of their technical parameters, high criteria for protecting parts of the unit and small losses due to friction.

Regularly improving its products, introducing innovative technologies, company Liqui Moly is listed reliable suppliers lubricating fluids. Liqui Moly occupies the fifth position in the ranking of first-class motor oils due to their excellent functionality, maximum protection of the unit from the effects of external factors and internal loads, the impact on reducing fuel consumption, as well as multi-level product control by the plant, which guarantees only high-quality lubricants on the market.

Excellent engine oils are supplied to the domestic car market by G-Energy. The manufacturer produces a wide range of lubricants, which allows any car owner to choose the right option, regardless of the class of car, year of manufacture and operating features. Emulsions under the G-Energy brand harmoniously combine high-quality characteristics and a budget price.

Petro-Canada produces first-class petroleum products for engines of various modifications, operating on all. The manufacturer occupies the seventh position in the rating list, and motor oils are worthy of popularity in Russia thanks to their excellent quality and technical features, while the range is provided by emulsions of different price categories.

• a wide range of seasonal emulsions that protect the plant and its components from premature wear;
• heavy-duty dispersing and detergent properties;
• prevention of soot formation and thermal stability;
• the presence in the composition of modern additives that guarantee excellent anti-wear, antioxidant and anti-corrosion performance;
• worthy control of the quality characteristics of oil products at the plant.

Hado is positioned by many buyers as the best in its class, which allows it to be included in the list of reliable and effective liquids. The assortment includes lubricants of three main types in demand on the market, which allows any car owner to choose the required fluid. Among positive properties of Xado oil products, consumers note their high thermal stability, the preservation of technological parameters under any conditions of use, the uniqueness of the composition due to the introduction of progressive scientific technologies by the manufacturer.

The tenth position of the rating table is occupied by the ZIC brand, which is not only popular with ordinary consumers, but is also the base for many world-famous car brands. All products under the ZIC brand meet international standards, are certified, and are characterized by a low price, which is important for a budget buyer at the present time.

In the situation with some categories of auto products in order to buy quality product, it is enough to decide on the brand of the required products, however, in the situation with motor oils, not everything is so simple. Before focusing on a brand, first you should decide on some criteria that affect the choice:

1. Seasonality. Changes in ambient temperature directly affect the physical parameters, which determines the choice.
2. Viscosity. This parameter is indicated on the product packaging. The choice of viscosity is influenced by many factors, such as wear of the unit, year of manufacture of the machine, operating conditions. At the same time, oil products must be selected according to viscosity, taking into account the recommendations of the automaker.
3. Modification of the power unit and type of fuel consumed.

In addition, oils are distributed by manufacturers into three main categories: synthetics, semi-synthetics and mineral water. Consider the best choices in each category.

Rating of synthetic grade oils

Synthetic oils are a class of high-quality products made by distillation of petroleum or hydrocarbon gas with the addition of additives that affect the stability of process parameters and performance. In most cases, synthetic lubricants are recommended for new cars or cars with low mileage. Deciding which oil is better to buy on a synthetic base will help the rating, which includes best goods this category in 2018, according to the feedback from car owners and test results.

Tears off the TOP 5 best automotive oils synthetic product Castrol EDGE 5W-30. It is intended for filling in gasoline and diesel systems, created on the basis of technologies that meet international standards. Among the advantages, professionals note:

1. Prolonged motor life due to high-quality protection of its components and prevention of deposits.
2. The possibility of its use in difficult operating conditions and at maximum loads.
3. Scale range of functional temperatures.

All-weather product Lukoil Genesis Claritech 5W-30 is ranked among the first-class oils suitable for use in severe climatic conditions and suitable for systems of various modifications. It is characterized by high criteria for cleaning the components of the mechanism, low consumption, excellent technical data and their constancy during operation, guarantees easy starting of the engine even at extremely low temperatures.

TOTAL Quartz INEO ECS 5W30 is included in the list of the best synthetic type petroleum products. It features good fluidity under different temperature conditions, provides protection against accumulations and deposits, unique additives optimize the operation of all machine systems and economical fuel consumption. The product meets all the requirements of environmental authorities for emission standards harmful substances in atmosphere.

Consumers call ZIC XQ LS 5W-30 an excellent purchase option in terms of price-quality ratio. The production of the substance is based on the LOW SAPS technology, which guarantees the minimum inclusion of sulfur, phosphorus and ash components in the composition. Compliance with environmental protection requirements, extended operating period, effective cleaning units of the unit, even in difficult conditions against the background of a democratic price, determined the popularity of this product among domestic buyers.

Expensive, but effective and functional synthetics Mobil 1 5W-50 is the only one in its class recommended for pouring into the systems of cars of both domestic and foreign production with decent mileage. The peculiarity of its composition is that it contains unique additives that guarantee the restoration of engine functionality by removing slag components and soot from it. Among the advantages, the main one is the effect on fuel consumption in the direction of economy, as well as active cleaning of the elements of the working mechanism, no need for topping up due to the low consumption coefficient for waste, a wide range of operating temperatures and the possibility of using in extreme functional modes. production or vehicles characterized by a large distance traveled. They are made on the basis of mineral components, are characterized by the most democratic cost.

As the best mineral-type engine oil, a product from the world-famous manufacturer LIQUI MOLY is positioned, labeled MoS2 Leichtlauf 15W-40. This product has earned the trust of consumers due to its first-class, time-tested manufacturing techniques and its versatility, which is expressed by the ability to use fluid in both compression and turbine systems, in relation to machines with old-style power units. Among positive qualities of this lubricant, consumers note high protective parameters, the possibility of using it in the most difficult climatic conditions, cleaning internal elements systems from garbage and an adequate price affordable for any buyer. Experts call the only drawback of the product its poor compatibility with other types of petroleum products, which necessitates an engine flush when updating.

Engine oil Lukoil Standard SF / CC on a mineral base is included by professionals in the rating of the best products and is characterized by an excellent tandem of price and quality. The emulsion is suitable for units of various modifications that have a significant mileage and a solid age. Positioned as a universal lubricant with decent technical specifications and functionality.

Summing up

The article presents the most reliable manufacturers of automotive lubricants, as well as best options selection in each of the product groups, which will help determine the purchase. The service life and functionality of the motor directly depend on the quality of its service, while not only the criterion for the timeliness of the work is important, but also the specifics of choosing the right car oil. Car oil is a product that should be selected solely on the basis of the recommendations of the automaker and the specifics of the operation of the vehicle: this approach will absolutely determine the long and uninterrupted operation of the engine.

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The question is what oil is better to fill in the engine worries many car owners. The choice of lubricating fluid is often based on the selection of viscosity, API class, ACEA, automaker approvals and a few other factors. At the same time, few consider physical characteristics oils and quality standards regarding what fuel the car engine or its design features. For turbocharged engines and engines with gas equipment, the selection is carried out separately. It is also important to know what a negative effect fuel with a large amount of sulfur has on the engine, and how to choose the oil in this case.

Engine oil requirements

In order to determine exactly which oil to fill in a car engine, it is worth understanding the requirements that a lubricating fluid should ideally meet. These criteria include:

• high detergent and solubilizing properties;
• high anti-wear abilities;
• high thermal and oxidative stability;
• no corrosive effect on engine parts;
• ability to long-term preservation of operational properties and resistance to aging;
• low level of waste in the engine, low volatility;
• high thermal stability;
• the absence (or a small amount) of foam in all temperature conditions;
• compatibility with all materials from which the sealing elements of the engine are made;
• compatibility with catalysts;
• reliable operation at low temperatures, ensuring a normal cold start, good pumpability in cold weather;
• reliable lubrication of engine parts.

After all, the whole difficulty of choosing is that it is impossible to find a lubricant that would fully satisfy all the requirements, since sometimes they are simply mutually exclusive. And besides, there is no definite answer to the question of which oil to fill in a gasoline or diesel engine, since you need to choose your own for each specific type of engine.

Some motors require environmentally friendly oil, others viscous or vice versa more liquid. And in order to find out which engine is better to fill in, you definitely need to know such concepts as viscosity, ash content, alkaline and acid number, and how they are related to the tolerances of automakers and the ACEA standard.

Viscosity and tolerances

Traditionally, the choice of engine oil is made according to the viscosity and tolerances of the automaker. On the Internet you can find a lot of information about this. We will only briefly recall that there are two main standards - SAE and ACEA, according to which oil must be selected.

The viscosity value (for example, ) gives some information about operational properties lubricants, as well as engines where it is used (only certain oils with certain characteristics can be poured into some engines). Therefore, it is imperative to pay attention to the tolerances according to the ACEA standard, for example, ACEA A1 / B1; ACEA A3/B4; ACEA A5/B5; ACEA C2 ... C5 and others. This applies to both petrol and diesel engines.

Many motorists are interested in the question of which API is better? The answer to it will be - suitable for a particular engine. There are several classes for currently produced cars. For gasoline, these are the SM classes (for cars manufactured in 2004 ... 2010) and SN (for vehicles manufactured after 2010), we will not consider the rest due to the fact that they are considered obsolete. For diesel engines, similar designations are CI-4 and (2004 ... 2010) and CJ-4 (after 2010). If your machine is older, then you need to look at other values ​​​​according to the API standard. And remember that it is undesirable to fill in more “new” oils in old cars (that is, for example, fill in SN instead of SM). It is necessary to strictly adhere to the instructions of the automaker (this is due to the design and equipment of the motor).

If, when buying a used car, you do not know what kind of oil the previous owner filled in, then it makes sense to completely change the oil and oil filter, and also flush the oil system using special tools.

Automobile engine manufacturers have their own engine oil approvals (e.g. BMW Longlife-04; Dexos2; GM-LL-A-025/ GM-LL-B-025; MB 229.31/MB 229.51; Porsche A40; VW 502 00/VW 505 00 and others). If the oil complies with one or another tolerance, then information about this will be directly indicated on the canister label. If your car has such a tolerance, then it is very advisable to select an oil that matches it.

The listed three selection options are mandatory and basic, and they must be adhered to. However, there are a number of interesting parameters that allow you to choose the oil that is ideal for a particular car engine.

Oil manufacturers raise high-temperature viscosity by adding polymeric thickeners to their composition. However, the value of 60 is, in fact, extreme, since the further addition of these chemical elements does not make sense, and only harms the composition.

Oils with low kinematic viscosity are suitable for new engines and motors in which oil channels and holes (clearances) have a small cross section. That is, the lubricating fluid seeps into them without problems during operation and performs a protective function. If thick oil (40, 50, and even more so 60) is poured into such a motor, then it simply cannot seep through the channels, which in turn will lead to two unfortunate consequences. First, the engine will run dry. Secondly, most of the oil will enter the combustion chamber, and from there into the exhaust system, that is, there will be an “oil burner” and.

Oils with low kinematic viscosity are often used in turbocharged and boxer engines (new models), as there, as a rule, oil channels are thin, and cooling is largely due to oil.

Oils with high temperature viscosities of 50 and 60 are very thick and are suitable for engines with wide oil passages. Another use is in high mileage engines that have large gaps between parts (or in engines of heavily loaded trucks). These motors must be handled with care and only used if permitted by the motor manufacturer.

In some cases (when repair is not possible for any reason), such oil can be poured into an old engine to reduce the intensity of smoke. However, at the first opportunity, it is necessary to carry out engine diagnostics and repairs, and then fill in the oil recommended by the machine manufacturer.

ACEA standard

ACEA - European Association of Automobile Manufacturers, which includes BMW, DAF, Ford of Europe, General Motors Europe, MAN, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, Porsche, Renault, Rolls Royce, Rover, Saab-Scania, Volkswagen, Volvo, FIAT and others. According to the standard, oils are divided into three broad categories:

• A1, A3 and A5 - quality levels of oils for gasoline engines;
• B1, B3, B4 and B5 - oil quality levels for cars and small trucks with diesel engines.

Usually modern oils are universal, so they can be filled in both gasoline and diesel engines. Therefore, oil cans have one of the following designations:

• ACEA A1/B1;
• ACEA A3/B3;
• ACEA A3/B4;
• ACEA A5/B5.

Also, according to the ACEA standard, there are the following oils that have increased compatibility with catalytic converters (sometimes they are called low ash, but this is not entirely true, since there are medium and full ash samples in the line).

• C1. It is a low-ash oil (SAPS - Sulphated Ash, Phosphorus and Sulfur, "sulfated ash, phosphorus and sulfur"). It can also be used with diesel engines, which can be filled with low-viscosity oils, as well as with direct injection fuel. In this case, the oil must have an HTHS ratio of at least 2.9 MPa s.
• C2. It is medium sized. Can be used with engines with any exhaust system (even the most sophisticated and modern). Including diesel engines with direct fuel injection. It can be poured into engines running on low-viscosity oils.
• C3. Similar to the previous one, it is medium-ash, can be used with any motors, including those that allow the use of low-viscosity lubricants. However, here the HTHS value is allowed not lower than 3.5 MPa s.
• C4. It is a low ash oil. In all other respects, they are similar to the previous samples, however, the HTHS reading must be at least 3.5 MPa s.
• C5. Most modern class introduced in 2017. Officially, it is medium ash, but the HTHS value here is not lower than 2.6 MPa s. Otherwise, the oil can be used with any diesel engines.

Also, according to the ACEA standard, there are oils used in diesel engines operating in difficult conditions (trucks and construction equipment, buses, and so on). They have the designation - E4, E6, E7, E9. Due to their specificity, we will not consider them.

The choice of oil according to the ACEA standard depends on the type of engine and the degree of wear. So, the older A3, B3 and B4 are suitable for use in most car engines that are at least 5 years old. Moreover, they can be used with domestic, not very high-quality (with large sulfur impurities) fuel. But the standard C4 and C5 makes sense to use if you are sure that the fuel is of high quality and meets the accepted modern environmental standard Euro-5 (and even more so Euro-6). Otherwise, high-quality oils, on the contrary, will only “kill” the engine and reduce its resource (up to half the calculated period).

Effect of sulfur on fuel

It makes sense to dwell briefly on the question of what effect the sulfur present in the fuel has on the engine and the lubricating properties of oils. Currently, to neutralize harmful emissions (especially diesel engines), one of (and sometimes both at the same time) systems are used - SCR (exhaust neutralization using urea) and EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation - exhaust gas recirculation system). The latter reacts especially well to sulfur.

The EGR system directs some of the exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold back to the intake manifold. This reduces the amount of oxygen in the combustion chamber, and hence the combustion temperature. fuel mixture will be lower. Due to this, the amount of nitrogen oxides (NO) is reduced. However, in this case, the gases returned from the exhaust manifold have a high humidity, and in contact with the sulfur present in the fuel form sulfuric acid. It, in turn, has a very harmful effect on the walls of engine parts, contributing to corrosion, including the cylinder block and unit injectors. Also, incoming sulfur compounds reduce the resource of the engine oil being filled.

Even sulfur in the fuel reduces the life of the particulate filter. And the more it is, the faster the filter fails. The reason for this is that the result of combustion is sulfate sulfur, which contributes to an increase in the formation of non-combustible soot, which subsequently enters the filter.

Additional selection options

The standards and viscosities by which oils are selected are the necessary information for selection. However, to make the choice ideal, it is best to select by engine. In particular, considering what materials the block and pistons are made of, their size, design and other features. Often the choice can be made simply by the brand of the engine.

"Games" with viscosity

During the operation of the machine, its engine naturally wears out, and the gap between the individual parts increases, and the rubber seals can gradually pass the lubricating fluid. Therefore, for engines with high mileage, it is allowed to use a more viscous oil than was previously filled. This will also reduce fuel consumption, especially in winter. Also, viscosity can be increased with constant driving in the urban cycle (not high speed).

Conversely, the viscosity can be lowered (for example, use 5W-30 oils instead of the recommended 5W-40 oils) if the car is often driven at high speeds on the highway, or the engine is running at low revs and small loads (does not overheat).

Please note that different manufacturers oils with the same declared viscosity may actually show different results (this is also due to density). To compare the viscosity of the oil in garage conditions, you can take two transparent containers and fill to the top different oils to be compared. Then take two balls of the same mass (or other objects, preferably of a streamlined shape) and simultaneously drown them in the prepared test tubes. The oil where the ball reaches the bottom faster has a lower viscosity.

It is especially interesting to conduct such experiments in frosty weather in order to better understand the applicability of motor oils in winter. Often low-quality oils freeze already at -10 degrees Celsius.

There are extra viscosity oils designed for high mileage engines, such as Mobil 1 10W-60 “Specially Designed for Vehicles 150,000 + km”, designed for engines with mileage over 150 thousand kilometers.

Interestingly, the less viscous oil is used, the more of it goes to waste. This is due to the fact that more of it remains on the walls of the cylinders and burns out. This is especially true if the piston component of the engine is significantly worn out. In this case, it makes sense to switch to a more viscous lubricant.

Oil with a viscosity recommended by the automaker makes sense to use when the engine life is reduced by about 25%. If the resource has decreased by 25 ... 75%, then it is better to use oil, the viscosity of which is one value higher. Well, if the engine is in a pre-repair condition, then it is better to use a more viscous oil, or use special ones that increase viscosity due to thickeners.

There is a test according to which it is measured how many seconds at zero temperature after starting the engine the oil from the system will reach the camshaft. Its results are as follows:

• 0W-30 - 2.8 sec;
• 5W-40 - 8 sec;
• 10W-40 - 28 sec;
• 15W-40 - 48 sec.

In accordance with this information, oil with a viscosity of 10W-40 is not included in the recommended oils for many modern machines, especially those with two camshafts and an overloaded valve train. The same applies to pump-injector diesel engines from Volkswagen release until June 2006. There is a clear viscosity tolerance of 0W-30 and a tolerance of 506.01. With an increase in viscosity, for example, up to 5W-40 in winter, camshafts can easily be disabled.

Oils with a low-temperature viscosity of 10W are undesirable to use in the northern latitudes, but only in the middle and southern strips of the country!

Recently, Asian (but also some European) automakers have begun experimenting with low-viscosity oils. For example, the same model of machine may have different oil tolerances. Yes, for internal Japanese market it can be 5W-20 or 0W-20, and for European (including Russian market) - 5W-30 or 5W-40. Why is this happening?

The fact is that the viscosity is selected according to the design and material of manufacture of motor parts, in particular, the configuration of pistons, ring stiffness. So, for low-viscosity oils (machines for the domestic Japanese market), the piston is made with a special anti-friction coating. Also, the piston has a different “barrel” angle, a different curvature of the “skirt”. However, this can only be known with the help of special tools.

But what can be determined by eye (by disassembling the piston group) is that in engines designed for low-viscosity oils, the compression rings are softer, they spring less, and often they can even be bent by hand. And this is NOT a factory marriage! As for the oil scraper ring, they have less rigidity of the main scraper blades, the pistons have fewer holes and are thinner. Naturally, if 5W-40 or 5W-50 oil is poured into such an engine, then the oil simply will not lubricate the engine normally, but instead will enter the combustion chamber with all the ensuing consequences.

Accordingly, the Japanese are trying to make their export cars in accordance with European requirements. This also applies to the design of the motor, designed to work with more viscous oils.

As a rule, an increase in high-temperature viscosity by one class from that recommended by the manufacturer (for example, 40 instead of 30) does not affect the engine in any way, and is generally allowed (unless the documentation expressly states otherwise).

Modern requirements Euro IV - VI

In connection with modern requirements environmental friendliness, automakers began to equip their cars with a sophisticated exhaust gas purification system. So, it includes one or two catalysts and a third (second) catalyst in the silencer area (the so-called barium filter). However, today such cars practically do not arrive in the CIS countries, but this is partly good, because, firstly, it is difficult for them to find oil (it will be very expensive), and secondly, such cars are demanding on fuel quality.

Such gasoline engines require the same oils as diesel engines with a particulate filter, that is, low ash (Low SAPS). Therefore, if your car is not equipped with such a complex exhaust filtration system, then it is better to use full-ash, full-viscosity oils (unless the instructions explicitly state otherwise). Since full ash pans better protect the engine from wear!

Diesel engines with particulate filters

For diesel engines equipped with particulate filters, on the contrary, low-ash oils (ACEA A5 / B5) must be used. This mandatory requirement, nothing else can be filled in! Otherwise, the filter will quickly fail. This is due to two facts. The first is that if full-ash oils are used in a system with a particulate filter, the filter will quickly become clogged, since as a result of the combustion of the lubricant, a lot of non-combustible soot and ash remains, which enters the filter.

The second fact is that some materials from which the filter is made (in particular, platinum) do not tolerate the effects of combustion products of full-ash oils. And this, in turn, will lead to a quick failure of the filter.

Nuances of tolerances - Meets or Approved

Above, there was already information that it is desirable to use oils of those brands that have approvals from specific automakers. However, there is a subtlety here. There are two English words - Meets and Approved. In the first case, the oil company claims that its products allegedly fully meet the requirements of a particular car brand. But this is a statement from the oil manufacturer, not the automaker at all! He may not even be aware of it. I mean, it's kind of a publicity stunt.

An example of the Approval inscription on a canister

The word Approved is translated into Russian as verified, approved. That is, the automaker directly performed the relevant laboratory tests and decided that specific oils are suitable for the engines they produce. In fact, such research costs millions of dollars, which is why automakers often save money. So, maybe only one oil was tested, and in advertising brochures you can find information that the entire line was tested. However, in this case, checking the information is quite simple. You just need to go to the official website of the automaker and find information about which oils and for which model there are appropriate approvals.

European and global automakers carry out chemical tests of oils in reality, using laboratory equipment and technologies. Domestic automakers, on the other hand, follow the path of least resistance, that is, they simply negotiate with oil producers. Therefore, it is worth believing in the tolerances of domestic companies with caution (for the purpose of anti-advertising, we will not name a well-known domestic automaker and another domestic oil producer that cooperate in this way).

Energy saving oils

So-called "energy-saving" oils can now be found on the market. That is, in theory, they are designed to save fuel consumption. This is achieved by reducing the high temperature viscosity. There is such an indicator - High temperature / High shear viscosity (HT / HS). And it is for energy-saving oils in the range from 2.9 to 3.5 MPa s. However, it is known that viscosity reduction leads to poorer surface protection of engine parts. Therefore, you can not fill them anywhere! They can only be used in engines specially designed for them.

For example, automakers such as BMW and Mercedes-Benz do not recommend the use of energy-saving oils. But many Japanese automakers, on the contrary, insist on their use. Therefore, additional information on whether energy-saving oils can be poured into the engine of your car should be found in the manual or technical documentation for a particular car.

How to understand that this is energy-saving oil in front of you? To do this, you need to use the ACEA standards. So, the oils denoted A1 and A5 for petrol engines and B1 and B5 for diesel engines are energy efficient. Others (A3, B3, B4) are ordinary. Please note that the ACEA A1/B1 category has been canceled since 2016 as it is considered obsolete. As for ACEA A5 / B5, it is expressly forbidden to use them in engines of certain designs! The situation is similar with category C1. Currently, it is considered obsolete, that is, it is not produced, and it is extremely rare for sale.

Boxer engine oil

The boxer engine is installed on many models of modern cars, for example, on almost all models of the Japanese automaker Subaru. The motor has an interesting and special design, so the selection of oil for it is very important.

The first thing to note - ACEA A1/A5 energy saving fluids are not recommended for Subaru boxer engines. This is due to the design of the engine, increased loads on the crankshaft, narrow crankshaft journals, and a large load on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bparts. Therefore, with regard to the ACEA standard, then it is better to fill in oil with a value of A3, i.e. that said High temperature/High shear viscosity ratio is above 3.5 MPa s. Choose ACEA A3/B3 (ACEA A3/ B4 filling is NOT recommended).

American Subaru dealers on their official website report that under severe operating conditions of the car, you need to change the oil every two refuelings of a full tank of fuel. If the waste consumption exceeds one liter per 2000 kilometers, then additional engine diagnostics must be performed.

Scheme of operation of a boxer engine

As for viscosity, it all depends on the degree of deterioration of the motor, as well as its model. The fact is that the first boxer engines differ from their newer counterparts in the size of the cross sections of the oil channels. For older engines, they are wider, for new ones, respectively, narrower. Therefore, too viscous oil should be poured into boxer engine new models are undesirable. The situation is aggravated if there is a turbine. It also does not need a very viscous lubricant to cool it.

Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn as follows: first of all, take an interest in the recommendations of the automaker. The majority of experienced car owners of such machines fill new engines with oils with a viscosity of 0W-20 or 5W-30 (in particular, this is true for Subaru FB20 / FB25 engines). If the motor has high mileage or the driver adheres to a mixed driving style, then it is better to fill in something with a viscosity of 5W-40 or 5W-50.

In the engines of sports cars such as Subaru WRX be sure to use synthetic oil.

Oil-killing engines

Today, there are hundreds of different designs of internal combustion engines in the world. Some people need to fill the oil more often, others less often. And the design of the engine also affects the replacement interval. There is information about which specific engine models really “kill” the oil poured into them, which is why the car owner is forced to significantly reduce the interval for replacing it.

Yes, to similar engines relate:

• BMW N57S l6. Three liter turbodiesel. Very quickly sits alkaline number. Consequently, the oil change interval is shortened.
• BMW N63. This engine also, due to its design, quickly ruins the lubricating fluid, lowering its base number and increasing viscosity.
• Hyundai/KIA G4FC. The engine has a small crankcase, so the lubricant wears out quickly, the alkaline number sinks, nitration and oxidation appear. The replacement interval is reduced.
• Hyundai / KIA G4KD, G4KE. Here, although the volume is larger, there is still a rapid loss of oil of its performance characteristics.
• Hyundai/KIA G4ED. Similar to the previous point.
• Mazda MZR L8. Similar to the previous ones, it sets the alkaline number and shortens the replacement interval.
• Mazda SkyActiv-G 2.0L (PE-VPS). This engine operates on the Atkinson cycle. Fuel enters the crankcase, causing the oil to quickly lose viscosity. Because of this, the replacement interval is shortened.
• Mitsubishi 4B12. A conventional four-cylinder gasoline engine, which, however, not only quickly reduces the base number, but also promotes nitration and oxidation. The same can be said about other similar engines of the 4B1x series (4V10, 4V11).
• Mitsubishi 4A92. Similar to the previous one.
• Mitsubishi 6B31. Similar to the previous one.
• Mitsubishi 4D56. diesel engine, which fills the oil with soot very quickly. Naturally, this increases the viscosity, and the lubricant needs to be changed more often.
• Opel Z18XER. If you constantly use the car while driving in city mode, then the base number drops quickly.
• Subaru EJ253. The engine is opposed, very quickly sets the alkaline number, which is why it is recommended to reduce the mileage for replacement to 5000 kilometers.
• Toyota 1NZ-FE. Built according to special VVT-i system. It has a small crankcase with a volume of only 3.7 liters. Because of this, it is recommended to change the oil every 5000 kilometers.
• Toyota 1GR-FE. The V6 petrol engine also reduces base number, promotes nitration and oxidation.
• Toyota 2AZ-FE. Also made according to the VVT-i system. Reduces alkaline number, promotes nitration and oxidation. In addition, it is observed high flow to hell.
• Toyota 1NZ-FXE. Installed on Toyota Prius. It works according to the Atkinson principle, therefore it fills the oil with fuel, due to which its viscosity decreases.
• VW 1.2TSI CBZB. It has a crankcase with a small volume, as well as a turbine. Because of this, the alkaline number quickly decreases, nitration and oxidation take place.
• VW 1.8TFSI CJEB. Has a turbine and direct injection. Laboratory studies have shown that this motor quickly “kills” oil.

Naturally, this list is far from complete, so if you know other engines that greatly destroy new oil, we invite you to comment on this.

In addition, it is worth noting that most engines of the 1990s (and even earlier ones) spoil the oil badly. In particular, this applies to engines that meet the outdated Euro-2 environmental standard.

Oils for new and used cars

As noted above, the condition of a new and used car engine can be very different. But modern oil manufacturers create special formulations for them. Most Engines modern designs have thin oil channels, so they need to be filled with low-viscosity oils. Conversely, over time, the motor wears out, and the gaps between its individual parts increase. Therefore, it makes sense to fill them with more viscous lubricating fluids.

Most lines modern manufacturers motor oils have special formulations for "tired" motors, that is, those that have high mileage. An example of such compounds is the notorious Liqui Moly Asia-America. It is intended for used cars entering the domestic market from Asia, Europe and America. Usually such oils have a high kinematic viscosity, for example, XW-40, XW-50 and even XW-60 (X is a symbol for dynamic viscosity).

However, with significant engine wear, it is still better not to use thicker oils, but to diagnose the engine and repair it. And viscous lubricating fluids can only be used as a temporary measure.

Severe operating conditions

On the canisters of some brands (types) of motor oils there is an inscription - for engines used in severe conditions. However, not all drivers know what is at stake. So, the severe operating conditions of the motor include:

• movement in the mountains or in bad road conditions cross-country;
• towing other vehicles or trailers;
• frequent driving in traffic jams, especially in the warm season;
• work at high speeds (over 4000 ... 5000 rpm) for a long time;
• sports driving mode (including in the "sport" mode on an automatic transmission);
• using the car in very hot or very cold temperatures;
• operation of the car when traveling short distances without warming up the oil (especially true for negative air temperatures);
• use of low octane/cetane fuel;
• tuning (boosting) of the engine;
• prolonged slipping;
• low oil level in the crankcase;
• long movement in wake accompaniment (poor motor cooling).

If the machine is frequently used in heavy duty operation, it is recommended to use gasoline with an octane rating of 98, and diesel fuel with a cetane rating of 51. As for oil, after diagnosing the condition of the engine (and even more so if there are signs of engine operation in difficult conditions), it makes sense to switch to completely. however, having more high class specifications according to API, but with the same viscosity. However, if the engine has a significant mileage, then the viscosity can be taken one class higher (for example, instead of the previously used SAE 0W-30, you can now fill in SAE 0 / 5W-40). But in this case, you need to reduce the frequency of oil changes.

Please note that the use of modern low-viscosity oils in engines operating under severe conditions is not always advisable (especially if low-quality fuel is used and the oil change interval is exceeded). For example, ACEA A5 / B5 oil reduces the overall engine life when operating on low-quality domestic fuel(solar oil). This is evidenced by observations of Volvo diesel engines with an injection system. common rail. Their total resource drops by about half.

Regarding the use of easily volatile SAE oils 0W-30 ACEA A5 / B5 in the CIS countries (especially with diesel engines), then there is a similar problem, which is that in the post-Soviet space there are very few fuel stations where you can fill in high-quality Euro-5 fuel. And due to the fact that modern low viscosity oil works in tandem with low-quality fuel, this leads to significant evaporation of the lubricant and a large amount of oil for waste. Because of this, oil starvation of the engine and its significant wear can be observed.

Thus, the best solution in this case would be to use low-ash engine oils Low SAPs - ACEA C4 and Mid SAPs - ACEA C3 or C5, viscosity SAE 0W-30 and SAE 0W-40 for gasoline engines and SAE 0 / 5W-40 for diesel internal combustion engines with a particulate filter in case of using high-quality fuel. In parallel with this, it makes sense to reduce the frequency of changing not only engine oil and oil filter, but also air filter(in particular, twice as often as indicated for the operating conditions of the machine in the European Union).

Therefore, in the Russian Federation and other post-Soviet countries, it makes sense to use medium and low ash oils with ACEA C3 and C4 specifications in combination with Euro-5 fuel. In this way, it is possible to achieve a reduction in wear of the elements of the cylinder-piston group and the crank mechanism, as well as to keep the piston and ring clean.

Oil for turbo engine

For a turbocharged engine, the oil is usually slightly different from the usual "aspirated". Let's consider this question on the selection of oil for the popular TSI engine manufactured by VAG for some Volkswagen models and Skoda. These are gasoline engines with twin turbocharging and a system of “layered” fuel injection.

It is worth noting. that there are several types of such engines with a volume of 1 to 3 liters in volume, as well as several generations. The choice of engine oil directly depends on this. The first generations had a lower tolerance (in particular 502/505), while the second generation motors (released from 2013 and later) already have 504/507 approvals.

As mentioned above, low-ash oils (Low SAPS) can only be used with high-quality fuel (which is often a problem for CIS countries). Otherwise, the protection of engine parts from the oil side is reduced to “no”. Omitting the details, we can say this: if you are sure that you are pouring good quality fuel into the tank, then it makes sense to use oil that has 504/507 approvals (of course, if this does not contradict the direct recommendations of the manufacturer). If the gasoline used is not very good (or you are not sure about it), then it is better to fill in the simpler and cheaper oil 502/505.

As for viscosity, it is initially necessary to proceed from the requirements of the automaker. Most often, domestic motorists pour oils with a viscosity of 5W-30 and 5W-40 into the engine of their cars. Do not fill in a turbocharged engine with very thick oil (with a high temperature viscosity of 40 or higher). Otherwise, the turbine cooling system will be broken.

The choice of engine oil for a gas engine

Many motorists equip their cars with LPG equipment to save on fuel. However, at the same time, not all of them know that if the car runs on gas fuel, then several important nuances must be taken into account when choosing engine oil for its engine.

Temperature Range. Many engine oils that their manufacturers claim are ideal for gas-powered engines have a temperature range on the packaging. And the main argument in favor of using a special oil is that the gas burns out at more high temperature than gasoline. In fact, the combustion temperature of gasoline in oxygen is about +2000...+2500°С, methane - +2050...+2200°С, and propane-butane - +2400...+2700°С.

Therefore, about temperature range it makes sense to worry only to owners of cars driving on propane-butane. And even then, in fact, the engine rarely reaches critical temperatures, especially on an ongoing basis. And a decent motor oil may well protect engine parts. If you have HBO installed for methane, then there is nothing to worry about at all.

Ash content. Due to the fact that the gas burns at a higher temperature, there is a risk of increased carbon deposits on the valves. It is impossible to say exactly how much more ash there will be, since it depends on many factors, including the quality of the fuel and engine oil. However, in any case, for engines with LPG, it is better to use low-ash engine oils. They have inscriptions on the canister about ACEA C4 tolerances (you can also use medium ash C5) or the Low SAPS inscription. Almost all well-known manufacturers of motor oils have low-ash oils in their line.

Classification and tolerances. If you compare the specifications and tolerances of automakers on canisters of low-ash and special "gas" oils, you will notice that they are either the same or very similar. For example, for engines running either on methane or on propane-butane, the following specifications are sufficient:

• ACEA C3 or higher (low ash oils);
• API SN / CF (however, in this case, you can not look at American tolerances, since according to their classification there are no low-ash oils, but only “medium ash” - Middle SAPS);
• BMW Longlife-04 (optional, there may be any other similar auto-approval).

A significant disadvantage of low-ash "gas" oils is their high price. However, when choosing one or another of its brands, it must be remembered that in no case should the class of oil being filled in be lowered compared to that recommended by the car manufacturer.

For special engines that run exclusively on gas (they do not have a gasoline component), the use of "gas" oils is mandatory. Examples are the engines of some models of warehouse forklifts or the engines of electric generators that run on natural gas.

Usually, when replacing "gas" oil, motorists note that it has a lighter shade than the classic lubricating fluid. This is due to the fact that gas has fewer particulate impurities compared to gasoline. However this does NOT mean that "gas" oil needs to be changed less often! In fact, due to the fact that the mentioned solid particles in the gas are smaller, then detergent additives are quite good at their job. But as for extreme pressure and antiwear additives, they work the same way as when the engine is running on gasoline. They just don't show wear visually. Therefore, the oil change interval for both gas and petrol remains the same! Thus, in order not to overpay for a special "gas" oil, you can only purchase its low-ash counterpart with the appropriate tolerances.

Make sure you choose the right brand of engine oil for your vehicle with our guide.

These days, there are many technologies to make your car's life cloudless. Modern auto chemicals can work wonders, after which the car will work like clockwork and not need frequent and overhead interservice maintenance. Do not really forget about. Or rather, even to say, first of all, you need to take care of him, and then look, if necessary, at a variety of those. liquids.

In today's story, we will pay attention to such a vital substance as motor oil. And if you think that for the longevity of your car’s engine, it’s enough just to change the engine oil on time, monitor its level and prevent the “low engine oil pressure” light from turning on, then we will give you a few more good advice to make the engine feel even better.

What should I pay attention to when checking the condition of engine oil?

Oil is a vital ingredient for uninterrupted operation your engine, and if you want to reward your engine with longevity, checking the condition of your engine oil is one of the key things to do. Of course, this means that you must change the oil on time, and just as importantly, fill the engine with the most suitable type of oil.

Important! If you do not regularly check the level and condition of the engine oil with a dipstick during the service interval, you should know that you significantly increase the risk of premature engine wear.

Difficulties in checking the oil level should not occur, any motorist can perform this action, even with little experience in communicating with the car. But here's how to do it right! Often even experienced car owners do not know about it. But the accuracy of the measurements taken directly depends on this.

Our advice to you is to read the manual that came with your car. It will contain detailed information, about the temperature to which the engine needs to be warmed up and how long after the ignition is turned off (the engine is stopped), it is necessary to use the probe to take measurements and obtain the most accurate measurements. In this way, you will get closer to the truth and much more optimally in the engine of your car.

If the oil level drops and needs to be topped up, you must find out why. Most likely there will be a reason, especially if the engine is atmospheric and has traveled more than 100 thousand km. Some cars with worn out powertrains burn a lot of engine oil in the cylinders, which can get there in various ways, but mainly through worn piston rings. You will determine that you are burning oil by the bluish exhaust and the smell of burnt oil (logically). In this case, you will have to visit a specialized service station.

And when you arrive at the service station, you will face another non-trivial task, choosing the right engine oil for your engine. It’s good if you have experienced professionals in their field who will accurately select the right variety. But what if you have to buy it yourself?

For example, the best option diesel engine oils will be completely different from the best choice of oil for gasoline engines, while turbocharged engines will require a completely different kind of lubricant for rubbing parts with significantly different characteristics embedded in it. It is worth remembering the presence on the market of synthetic, semi-synthetic and even the simplest mineral oils.

All in all, there are many different grades to choose from, which is why we've put together this guide to make it as easy as possible for you to find the best oil for your vehicle. Let's start with the selection.

What are the types of motor oils?

There is a myriad of motor oils on the market today. Not only dozens of brands, some you have heard of, others you may not have - but they all have one factor in common, they all somehow relate to different brands, classes.

When you look at the label, you will see a series of numbers like this 10W-40 or this 5W-30. These numbers will help you find out the following information, what is the density of the liquid or what is the name of this parameter - viscosity.

Today, oils tend to be made more fluid, allowing them to flow into critical areas of the engine immediately upon starting a cold engine, which in turn helps prevent damage caused by the movement of parts rubbing without a protective oil layer between them. Because modern engines are designed with tighter tolerances, they therefore require a lower viscosity oil.

Most motor oil packages have several sets of numbers, these are "all-weather" oils. , added to, can also change the viscosity depending on temperature.

The lower the first number, the better the oil will perform at low temperatures, this winter oil, which is displayed by the letter "W" - Winter (Winter). The smaller the second number, the better liquid will work at higher temperatures.

Engine oil specifications

The choice and presence of such an indicator of product classification according to the ACEA standard complicates the choice. The issue of choosing an oil brand according to this classification is also extremely important, since it reflects the main characteristics of the oil for a particular type of engine operation or engine type.

European and many Asian automakers typically use the following specifications for gasoline engines (specifications for diesel engines are discussed separately below):

Energy saving oils with extra low viscosity

Oils for gasoline engines of passenger cars operating under severe conditions and with extended oil change intervals

Low-viscosity oils with a viscosity of 2.9 to 3.5 mPa s are used on limited engine models

Some automakers have even developed their own specifications for motor oils. Usually "special" oils that can be used for a long time without replacement, up to two years or 29 thousand km without losing their protective properties. Such vehicles have longer service intervals.

How can I find the right grade of oil for my car?

The two best win-win ways to help you quickly and most importantly find the right grade of oil for your car is to look in your car owner's manual or call your dealer. By VIN, they will announce to you a list of suitable motor oils within a few minutes. You can also ask the same question to your auto mechanic if you are confident in his knowledge.

Take a look at the oil container and check the information, if everything matches, then you are holding the right product in your hands. It is worth noting that some automakers use for their cars own characteristics engine oil. Don't worry if you can't find what you're looking for branded oil or it costs fabulous money. In such a case, there will most likely be a list of acceptable alternative classes or specifications that are more widely available on the market. This information will be listed in your vehicle's manual.

If you have any questions, do not hesitate to call your dealer again for advice.

What is synthetic oil?

With prolonged use of high-quality synthetic oil, the engine is as good as new

Some modern engines require the use of synthetic oils, as the latter contain fewer impurities. The ability to use "synthetics" will vary from engine to engine, so take another look at your vehicle's manual or contact your dealer for clarification. That's right, not always.

There are two main types of "synthetics". Fully synthetic oils offer maximum protection For modern engines. Semi-synthetic oils contain a mixture of synthetic and mineral oils, this is the second most common type.

Do I need to change the oil filter when changing the oil?

If you make a complete oil change in the engine, you must also change the oil filter - this is an integral part of the service.

The oil filter absorbs and retains a small amount of oil, which means that new, clean oil filled in will be contaminated with old, dirty oil. Therefore, we must change the filter!

This is an important maintenance step because the main reason for changing the engine oil in your car is to remove contaminants. When adding burnt engine oil, of course, it is not necessary to change the oil filter.

How often and at what mileage it is necessary to change the oil and oil filter in the engine depends on the make and model of the car. Check out the guide for more information.

Which engine oil to choose for my diesel car?

Diesel engines have completely different requirements for lubrication of the rubbing parts of the engine compared to gasoline engines. Therefore, you must make sure that you use correct oil for your car. This is especially important if your vehicle is equipped with a diesel particulate filter (DPF).

As with gasoline engine oils, diesel lubricants also have different specifications (check your vehicle manual for which type of oil you need to use).

Engine oil for diesel engines:

Energy-saving oils with extra low viscosity, may only be used if expressly approved by the engine manufacturer

Oils for diesel engines of passenger cars and light trucks operating under severe conditions and with extended oil change intervals

Oils for diesel engines of passenger cars and light trucks operating with extended oil change intervals, superior in performance to oils corresponding to category B3

B5 energy efficient extended drain diesel oils

If yours, you must use products with a low content of sulphated ash, otherwise you risk clogging particulate filter and disable it.

Look for the following oils:

C1 the lowest content of additives that, during combustion, form sulphated ash (0.5% ash) harmful to catalytic converters, energy-saving oil

C2 medium sulphated ash (0.8% ash), energy efficient heavy duty engine oil

C3 medium sulphated ash (0.8% ash) less fuel efficient oil, with a greater focus on performance

There are many types of engine oils and choosing the right one can sometimes be difficult. But for a particular internal combustion engine, an automotive oil that meets the requirements of the automaker is required. The parameters that affect the classification will be discussed below.

Classification

Application difference

The classification according to the field of application described above has 3 types (diesel, gasoline, turbocharged).

However, a recent trend has led to the emergence of a subgroup of proprietary types of oils. This is due to the mass production of turbocharged engines (gasoline, diesel).

This classification of engine oil distinguishes between compositions in which various additives are used. They create conditions for the efficient operation of oil on engines with a certain type of fuel. These additives prevent thickening and foaming of the oil composition in turbo engines. The corresponding indicator is indicated in the regulation of the international API standard (developed in 1947 by the American Petroleum Institute).

Two letters in Latin after the name of the standard indicate oil for a particular type of motor:

• the letter S ("Service") - gasoline engines;
• C ("Commercial") - diesel.

The second letter after the data is responsible for the presence of a turbine, and also indicates the time period for the production of power units - the oil is intended for them.

Also in diesel oils there is a number 2 or 4, indicating a two / four-stroke motor.

Universal motor oil is used on gasoline and diesel - classification in this situation has a double standard. Example: SF/CC, SG/CD and so on.

API Explanations (Gasoline)

Classification according to the API standard with a few explanations:

Gasoline car engines:

• SC - development of automobiles (engines) until 1964;
• SD - until 1964-68;
• SE - until 1969-72;
• SF - until 1973-88;
• SG - until 1989-94 (harsh operating conditions);
• SH - until 1995-96 (harsh operating conditions);
• SJ - until 1997-2000 (modernized energy-saving properties);
• SL - until 2001-03 (long service life);
• SM - cars (motors) since 2004;
• SL+: enhanced resistance to oxidative damage.

Before pouring another brand of oil into the engine, you should know: the API indicator is used exclusively in increments. It is not recommended to change the class beyond two levels.

Example: SH engine oil was previously used, then the next brand will be SJ, because the oil composition of the class above is enriched with all the additives of the previous one.

API Explanations (Diesel)

Classification for diesel power plants:

• CB - machines (motors) designed before 1961 (high sulfur concentration);
• CC - until 1983 ( difficult conditions operation);
• CD - until 1990 (fuel contains H2SO4 in large quantities; severe operating conditions);
• CE - until 1990 (turbo);
• CF - before / since 90, (turbo);
• CG-4 - before / since '94 (turbo);
• CH-4 - before / since 98 (high standards for the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere; for the US market);
• CI-4 - cars (power units) with a turbocharger, with an EGR valve;
• CI-4+ (plus) - identical to the previous one (+ adaptation to high US environmental standards).

Grouping by viscosity/temperature properties

On this moment the international SAE type standard is widely used for most oil formulations. SAE regulates the thickness of the oil, which affects which engine oil to choose.

Engine oil mainly has universal qualities: summer and winter operation. This type of oil (SAE standard) has a designation: number-Latin letter-number.

Example: 10W-40 oil formulation

W - adaptation to low temperatures (winter).

10 - the limiting negative temperature at which the oil is guaranteed to retain all its properties in its original form.

40 - the maximum positive temperature, which guarantees the preservation of the beneficial properties of the oil composition.

These figures are indicators of viscosity: low / high temperature conditions.

In the case of the purpose of the oil for operation in the summer, there is a marking "SAE 30". The figure is a designation of the maximum allowable temperature regime, in which there is a guarantee of the preservation of properties.

Viscosity (negative temperatures)

The temperature limits are as follows:

• 0W - engine oil is operated at low temperatures up to -35 degrees Celsius;
• 5W - up to -30o C;
• 10W - up to -25o C;
• 15W - up to -20o C;
• 20W - up to -15o C.

Viscosity (high temperatures)

The boundaries are as follows:

• 30 - use of oil up to +25/30o C;
• 40 - up to +40o C;
• 50 - up to +50o C;
• 60 - over 50o C.

Conclusion: the lowest number corresponds to liquid oil; the highest - thick. Engine oil 10W-30 should be used at temperatures: -20 / +25 degrees.

ACEA standard

This classification is common in Europe. The abbreviation stands for the name of the organizational structure of the "European Association of Automobile Manufacturers". The standard was introduced in 1996.

ACEA means the European standards for physical and chemical research. However, since 01/03/1998, the classification has been revised, as a result of which other rules have been introduced that have been in force since 01/03/00. Based on this, the full name is ACEA-98.

The European standard has a strong resemblance to the international one - API. However, ACEA is more demanding in a number of ways:

• a gasoline / diesel engine is indicated by letter symbols - A or B. Class A implies three degrees of application, class B - four;
• truck (diesel power plant) and operated in harsh conditions is marked with the letter "E". Four levels of application.

The numerical value after the letter means the requirements of the standard: higher numbers correspond to more stringent requirements.

Total: A3 / B3 ACEA engine oil is similar in properties, SL / CF (API) parameters. However, the European classification implies the use of special classes of oils. The reason is the mass production in the Old World of cars with small turbocharged engines that are under high loads. Such automotive oil compositions should, in addition to the main function, also protect the elements of the internal combustion engine, and also be with a minimum degree of viscosity in order to:

• reduction of power losses due to friction;
• improving environmental performance.

Based on this, an A5/B5 (ACEA) engine oil is superior to SM/CI-4 (API) in a number of ways.

Line-up change

The ACEA classification can undergo reforms, starting from a particular car brand. This is due to the various technologies used in their engines by European automakers.

Therefore, for a certain type of power unit developed by an automobile manufacturer, it is necessary to use more precise requirements that the classification provides.

Example: cars with modern power plants(BMW, VW Group) are equipped with progressive electronic systems. They comply with the ACEA standard and require a special oil composition.

The truck segment (diesel power plant) has leaders in the form of Scania, MAN, Volvo - these machines also meet the standards and set the bar best oils The class of elite cars is traditionally headed by Mercedes-Benz.

ISLAC standard

American car manufacturers, along with Japanese ones, have their own standard and classification - ISLAC. It is almost completely identical to the international API, so you can choose both.

Marking for gasoline engines:

• GL-2 (ISLAC) = SJ (API);
• GL-3 (ISLAC) = SL (API) respectively, and so on.

The JASO DX-1 group is highlighted separately - this is Japanese cars with turbodiesel power plants that comply with the ISLAC standard. This marking is also suitable for modern motors with high environmental regulations and turbocharged.

GOST standards

The GOST classification was used in the USSR, as well as in the allied countries, where Soviet-style equipment was used. The standards provide viscosity/temperature properties, scope. API classification within GOST is indicated by Russian letters. A certain letter is responsible for a specific class and type of power unit.

Same with SAE. Only instead of the letter "W" (winter), the Russian "Z" is written.

We choose wisely

In order to correctly choose engine oil, in addition to markings / temperature criteria for operating a car, additional criteria must be followed:

• for a new motor that has not worked out a quarter of the declared resource, you must choose oil 5W30 / 10W30 (SAE);
• an engine with an average accumulated resource (25-75%) is more loyal. For it, you can choose engine oil type 15W40 / 5W30 / 10W30 - winter operation. Universal operation: 5W40;
• spent resource - 75% or more. It is recommended to choose 15W40 / 20W40 (SAE) - summer. Winter operation: 5W40 /SAE 10W40 (SAE). Universal: 5W40 (SAE).

And remember: fill the engine with oil only from a trusted manufacturer - this way the engine will last a long time and will not cause trouble.