Everyone knows that once, in the distant 80s and 90s, there were "millionaire" motors that served faithfully for hundreds of thousands of kilometers. So, in fact, it is - we compiled them not so long ago. But there are worthy successors of the cause of "millionaires" even today.
For some reason, it is believed that modern cars are disposable. Ride three years, sold and went for a new one. But this is at least an exaggeration and a generalization. Indeed, there is, but this is only part of the market. People own cars for 5-7 or even 10 years and, scary to say, buy them second-hand! So, reliable motors exist. Question: how to find them?
What car and with what engine to buy, so that it not only does not break down during the warranty period, but also does not fall under recall campaigns, does not require expensive Supplies and special service equipment. He ran happily ever after, albeit more slowly, consuming a little more fuel than more progressive brothers.
Different classes of cars have their own leaders, and, of course, more complex and expensive cars are not well suited for harsh operating conditions, but they also have their leaders and laggards in terms of the required amount of maintenance and the likelihood of failure.
Renault 1.6 16v K4M
small class
Renault's sixteen-valve K4M engine is just a little more complicated and a little more expensive. Not so easy to carry high loads. But they install it not only on Logan, but also on Duster, Megane, Kangoo, Fluence and other cars.
Middle class
There is already one of the leaders in reliability in the C-class - this is the mentioned K4M from Renault. But cars are somewhat heavier, cars with automatic transmission are more common, which means that the power requirements are slightly higher. 1.6 engines will obviously have a smaller resource than engines with a displacement of 1.8 and 2 liters, which means that it is worth highlighting 1.6 engines in a separate group for those who do not need to drive fast.
Probably the simplest, cheapest resource engine for cars in the C-class can be called the very venerable Z18XER. The design is the most conservative, except that phase shifters and an adjustable thermostat are installed. Timing belt drive, simple injection system and a good margin of safety. The power of 140 forces is enough for comfortable movement of such difficult machines as Opel Astra J and Chevrolet Cruse as well minivan Opel Zafira.
In the photo: engine from Opel Astra J
The second place in terms of reliability can be given to a series of engines from Hyundai / Kia / Mitsubushi G4KD / 4B11. These two-liter engines are the heirs of the famous Mitsubishi 4G63, including in terms of reliability. It was not without a system for adjusting the timing phases, and in its drive - quite reliable chain. A simple power system and good build quality, but the timing chain drive is more complicated and expensive, and the motor itself is noticeably more technologically advanced, so only second place. The power of the motors, however, is noticeably higher, all 150-165 hp. This is more than enough for any C-class car with any load, on the highway and in the city, with automatic transmission and with "mechanics". Such engines were installed on a huge number of cars, here is the Hyundai i30, Kia Cerato, Ceed, Mitsubishi Lancer and other higher class cars and crossovers: Mitsubishi ASX, Outlander, Hyundai Sonata, Elantra, ix35 and Kia Optima.
The Renault-Nissan MR20DE / M4R engine may well claim third place. This two-liter gasoline engine has been produced for quite a long time, since 2005, and in terms of design it also goes back to “ glorious ancestors» F-series from the 80s. The key to success lies precisely in the conservatism of the design and a moderate degree of forcing. Compared to the leaders, it has a less reliable cylinder head, sometimes the chain still stretches, but still it allows you to exchange all three hundred thousand kilometers with careful operation, and the price of spare parts does not go off scale.
Junior business class
In the D + segment, two-liter engines from among the C-class reliability leaders are also popular, and here they look good, because the mass of cars does not differ so much. But complex and “prestigious” high-power motors are more popular.
Motor 2AR-FE with a power of 165-180 hp and a working volume of 2.5 liters is installed on one of the bestsellers in the D + segment, on Toyota Camry, and without a doubt is the most common and reliable motor in its class. They are installed on both RAV4 crossovers and Alphard minivans. The motor is quite simple, but the key to success is the quality of performance and frequent maintenance of Toyota cars.
In the photo: engine from Toyota Camry
The second place is deservedly received by the G4KE / 4B12 motors Hyundai/Kia/Mitsubishi. These engines have a working volume of 2.4 liters and a power of 176-180 hp. installed on Kia Optima, Hyundai Sonata, many others passenger models and a galaxy of Mitsubishi Outlander/Peugeot 4008/Citroen C-Crosser crossovers. The design is close to the G4KD / 4B11 motors, and in the same way they are the heirs of reliable Mitsubishi motors. Design without any special frills in the form of direct injection, timing chain drive plus phase shifters. A good supply of power and resource, not too expensive spare parts - that's the key to success.
But there will be no third place. Turbo engines on European cars are noticeably more difficult to operate and potentially more vulnerable. Relatively reliable turbodiesels still require more High Quality service. And the third place goes to fairly simple units, for example, the already mentioned Z18XER on Opel Insignia or Duratec Ti-VCT on Ford Mondeo, and if you have enough power and you drive calmly, then they will also be the most inexpensive to operate.
Senior business class
Prestigious E-class sedans are not low cost cars, and the engines in this class are complex and powerful. And often they cannot boast of special reliability. But even among them there are leaders and units with high reliability.
Again, Toyota is in the lead, or rather Lexus, but you know what the company is? Motors 3.5 of the 2GR-FE and 2GR-FSE series are installed on Lexus ES and GS models and on luxury Lexus SUVs RX. Despite high power and low weight, this is a very successful gasoline engine, in the version without direct injection, it is considered one of the most trouble-free in its class.
The second place is deservedly taken by Volvo with its B6304T2 in-line "six" with a volume of 3 liters. The first turbo engine in our rating turns out to be even simpler and cheaper than diesel engines in operation. Largely due to the venerable age of the design with a good margin of safety and relatively low maintenance costs.
Unfortunately, the naturally aspirated 3.2 is no longer available, it is undoubtedly even more reliable and could claim first place in this category. The secret of success lies in the modular design of the engines. This family has been produced since 1990 to the present day in four, five and six cylinder versions. Continuous improvement of the design and rich experience in the operation of motors has a good effect on the reliability and cost of operation.
For Infiniti, which is in third place, in this class, the Q70 model plays with the legendary “six” of the VQVQ37VHR series with a volume of 3.7 liters and a power of 330 hp. The key to success in this case, too, is the quality of execution, the glorious and long history of the series of motors and prevalence. Such motors were put on sports nissan 370Z, and the QX50 and QX70 SUVs, and the smaller Q50 sedan.
In the photo: the engine from the Infiniti Q70
The list of E-class cars will be incomplete if we do not mention an indispensable attribute of European cities - diesel Mercedes E class in the back of the W212 and with the OM651 engine. Yes, this is a turbodiesel, but in its weakest version, with conventional electromagnetic injectors, it is able to deliver a minimum of hassle in operation. Yes, it is impossible to fully service such a car without a dealer service, but, as practice shows, simple configurations, and even with manual transmission surprisingly reliable, no wonder a European taxi for many is a diesel “yeshka”.
executive class
Don't expect a rating here. An F-class car is never cheap to operate, a modern car of this level contains all the achievements of recent years, all the most complex and expensive equipment. They have, of course, their leaders and their outsiders, especially since German executive sedans are produced with very reliable diesel engines, while Korean and Japanese premium brands focus on the reliability of gasoline engines and warranty. But it is difficult to make a choice between them, and it does not make sense, in this class there are other rules of the game.
Diesel engines for cars are different, and it's not just the volume and number of cylinders, so let's try to briefly review the modern market and find out which of the engines are the most reliable.
To whom did the ratings give leadership?
Associations with the word "diesel" among a resident of Russia are always unambiguous: the smell of diesel fuel from a passenger bus, black smoke from a passing truck, vintage jeans and watches of the brand of the same name. Nevertheless, for most Europeans, the word derived from the name of a German inventor is synonymous with a reliable, inexpensive and powerful “heart” of a car. In our country, its popularity is not so high, apparently due to weather conditions and knowledge that diesel fuel thickens in the cold.
Reliability ratings, and especially for cars, are a thankless task. How many opinions, so many lists, in which the compiler simply expresses his view on a particular subject. That is why we want to draw your attention to the fact that the rating below does not claim to become an indisputable truth, but is just an attempt to systematize the data, knowledge and (partially) personal point of view of the compiler.
In search of an answer to the question of which diesel engine occupies a leading position in the configuration of passenger cars, you can see that some ratings call the best products from Mercedes and BMW concerns. However, the situation in the world of the automotive industry today is somewhat different, let's try to figure it out.
As shown by the rankings of major world car showrooms, the days when passenger car diesel engines were reduced copies of units installed on heavy trucks are a thing of the past. The well-known Volkswagen concern, which developed the 1.9 TDI engine, was especially successful in the production of such engines. To date, it ranks first and is considered the most balanced in terms of dynamics and power.
Thanks to the latest engineering solutions, in particular, an updated turbine and an increase in pressure in the combustion chambers, managed not only to achieve unique environmental performance, but also to reduce. Moreover, the power remained at the same level (90–120 hp). The newest cars in the Passat series are now equipped with the highest performance engine (BlueMotion package). Fuel consumption is 3.3 liters per 100 km.
Diesel winners of the car market
The second place is occupied by a modification of the engine with three turbines, owned by the German company BMW. The first time this unit was introduced a few years ago. It has 6 cylinders and, having a volume of 3.0 liters, is capable of developing a power of 381 hp. With. These engines are equipped with the latest cars of the 5 and 7 series, as well as heavy crossovers with the X5 and X6 indices. Convertibles with serial number 6 are equipped with a modification. True, it has two turbines, due to which the power is reduced to 313 hp. With.
Not so long ago, cars were presented to potential buyers, whose engines have four turbines, and with a torque of 800 Nm, the power will be within 390–406 hp. With.
A car with a four-turbine engine
The third place in our rating was taken by the American company of industrial diesel engines Cummins, which released a super-powered engine on order. famous company Dodge. In fairness, it should be noted that overseas manufacturers did not pay much attention to diesel engines, preferring to develop gasoline. However, the recent increasing demand for cars with units that consume diesel fuel has forced them to pay attention to the production of diesel engines.
The model proved to be quite powerful (240–275 hp), but in an attempt to occupy the “diesel” niche in the market, the Americans were cunning and passed off as their development by the Italian concern Fiat. The Maserati Ghibli was equipped with a model of such an engine, but due to the crisis, production was given to US industrialists.
This engine was recognized not only as the most environmentally friendly, but also the most innovative: in its production, metals used in the space industry and plasma fuel filters were used. The fact that the engine took only third place is a "merit" of a narrow focus. It is installed only on sports cars and Dodge Ram pickups. In terms of efficiency, it can give odds to its competitors: the consumption is only 8.5 liters per 100 kilometers.
Who is not far behind the top three?
Bursting 20 years ago on the world automotive market the Koreans not only managed to take a worthy place on it, but also “move” the Japanese giants in the ranking. Having come a long way "from electric kettles to mining trucks", they also do not want to miss their benefits, which promises an increased demand for cars equipped with diesel engines.
As always, Asian manufacturers acted very cunningly: not wanting to overhaul production and compete with Europeans and Americans in the power of units, they managed to create a 1.7-liter engine that can produce 110–136 hp. With. Do not rush to wrinkle your nose contemptuously! With such rather modest (compared to products from other manufacturers) data, the Hyundai diesel engine has such an incredible torque that it is not inferior in dynamics to gasoline units with a capacity of 150–170 hp. With.
I must say that the Hyundai i40 car supplied to the European market is equipped with such a unit. In Korea, diesel engines have somehow not found wide application (or the wave of “fashion” has not yet reached there), and therefore they are still installed only on export cars. Recently, the same unit appeared on a crossover with the ix35 index, and now it is equipped with such popular cars like Grandeur and Sonata. Fuel consumption, however, is more than that of competitors, but the Koreans do not seek to surprise anyone. Their mission is to deliver reliable workhorses capable of average fuel consumption, in this case 5.5 liters per 100 km.
Having “squeezed out” enough power from cars and won its cell on the market, the Japanese concern Toyota now makes no sense to prove something to anyone. The concept that manufacturers have thrown all their efforts into is ecology and economy while maintaining sufficient power. And they succeeded. Creating an engine for their compact car named Urban Cruiser, they thought that the residents of megacities would not only be convenient to move around the city, but also that a “calculator” would not turn on in their heads, calculating fuel costs.
One of the smallest diesel units to date is a 1.4 liter engine with a power of only 90 hp. With. This is the fifth place in our ranking. Such parameters, however, do not interfere with the creation of torque, allowing you to easily "pull" all-wheel drive vehicle. The consumption of diesel fuel, depending on the mode of travel, ranges from 4 to 6 liters per 100 km.
So which one is the most reliable?
Such a question is a bit naive, since this parameter depends on many factors, including driving style. But if you choose the best from the above list, then the reliability will be given to the Americans Cummins with a Dodge engine.
And it's not about power or fuel consumption per 100 km. Most likely, the materials used in production play a role. The cylinder block is made of high carbon cast iron, capable of withstanding not only high pressure, but also significant temperature conditions. And its pistons are made of a special aluminum alloy, which is used in the details of spacecraft. This means that they are able to withstand both long-term operation under extreme conditions, and sharp rise load when changing speed.
The engine is also equipped with a fuel injection system. common rail, which, despite a rather capricious attitude to the quality of diesel fuel, not only significantly saves its consumption, but also plays a decisive role in reducing engine noise. It is these engines that are equipped with both sports cars and off-road vehicles. That is, it is precisely those instances of the automotive industry, the operation of which takes place in extreme conditions, demanding from the motor not only unsurpassed power, but also impeccable reliability.
If we talk about the rating of cars that are suitable for Russian roads, it is best to pay attention to the samples Japanese made. Optionally, it will be Toyota (which, by the way, not a single Russian motorist has any complaints about the engine).
For our vast expanses, Mazda, Honda, Nissan or the newly revived Datsun will do just fine. The Subaru performed quite well.
The fact is that European cars equipped with a diesel engine are very sensitive to our diesel fuel, the cleaning quality of which leaves much to be desired. As numerous reviews of car owners show, japanese cars less prone to malfunctions during use diesel fuel, thanks to numerous cleaning devices, electronic devices and built-in starting preheaters, which does not allow diesel fuel to solidify at low temperatures.
Not a single miscalculation in the design of a car brings as many inconveniences and problems as an ever-breaking engine. No matter how many cylinders you have under the hood, and how much your car costs, bad motor can ruin the whole impression of the car.
There can be several reasons why the engine causes so many problems. Sometimes it's a design miscalculation by engineers, poor quality materials or workmanship, or perhaps a combination of all three. Of course, the automakers themselves are by no means interested in creating low-quality units. However, sometimes this happens, causing irreparable damage to the reputation of companies.
What engines can be considered the worst in the world? The American site cheatsheet.com gives 10 examples of motors that can safely be called a mistake. The list includes not only modern engines, but also classical aggregates. And some of them were literally programmed to break from the very beginning.
10. Cadillac V8-6-4
In 1981, Cadillac engineers introduced a motor with a cylinder deactivation function. Today, you won’t surprise anyone with such a feature, but in the early 80s it was a curiosity. The idea was pretty good - to allow the driver, depending on traffic situation temporarily disable several cylinders to reduce fuel consumption.
True, the implementation of the idea left much to be desired. The fact is that unreliable solenoids, which often failed, were responsible for the hydraulic valve lifters. When the system worked as it should, the delay in response when pressing the gas pedal was huge. As a result, most owners simply preferred not to use cylinder deactivation and drive their cars like regular 8-cylinder Cadillacs. The conservatism of the Americans, who were frightened by the different timbre of the motor, also affected. As a result, Cadillac very quickly abandoned the installation of a new promising engine and returned to the usual V8.
9. Mistubishi 1.2 3A92
Three-cylinder atmospheric motor, installed on the Mitsubishi Mirage, is capable of developing 78 hp. and 100 Nm of torque. In principle, these are not such bad indicators, if not for some nuances. Firstly, the Mirage turned out to be not very dynamic. For example, acceleration from standstill to 100 km / h takes almost 13 seconds. Secondly, at the same time, the engine turned out to be not so economical: fuel consumption per 100 km exceeds 6 liters in the combined cycle, which is a fairly average indicator by modern standards. All in all, it's no surprise that the Mitsubishi Mirage has received low critical acclaim. For example, Car and Driver magazine in December 2016 wrote that in this car "there is practically nothing that would make the driver happy while driving."
8 Mopar 2.2
In the 1980s Chrysler launched a new 2.2-liter four-cylinder engine. The advertising campaign of those days claimed that this motor, which in different versions developed from 84 to 100 hp, much better and more powerful than competitors. As a result, the Mopar 2.2 engine was received by almost all cars of the concern from Dodge Daytona to minivans.
True, it turned out that the design of the engine leads to constant knocking of the connecting rod. It is curious that in the future the Americans brought the engine to mind, installing a turbocharger in parallel. Such a motor was much better than the previous one and even had a good potential for tuning. It is a pity that this decision was reached only after thousands of calls to the customer service of cars with an unfinished engine.
7 Oldsmobile V8 Diesel
In the 70s, the popularity of diesel cars began to grow in the United States. This was due to the more stringent environmental and fuel consumption requirements that the federal government imposed on gasoline engines. On diesel units the rule did not apply. So first, diesel-powered Mercedes-Benz and Peugeot poured into the United States, and then it was time to strike back at General Motors.
In 1978, GM introduced its diesel engine, which began to be installed on Oldsmobile cars. It was a V-shaped 8-cylinder engine, which was essentially made ... from a gasoline engine! Not surprisingly, the motor began to have problems. Although the designers made a more durable cylinder block, the car had the most problems with the mounting bolts, designed for a completely different pressure. In addition, the machine did not have a water separator, due to which fuel system corrosion often occurs. As a result, already with a run of about 50,000 km, the diesel engine often required a major overhaul. Not to mention the fact that he was frankly weak and developed only 120 hp. with a volume of 3.5 liters. All in all, it's no surprise that the engine turned out to be one of the biggest flops in GM history. By the way, they say that it is precisely because of those very Oldsmobiles that Americans still do not trust diesel engines.
6. Lexus 2.5 V6
The second generation Lexus IS was pretty successful model, if you do not take the 2.5-liter V6 engine. Although this combination of letters and numbers sounds very good, in reality we are talking about a unit that developed 204 hp. To understand: power Honda Civic Si of that time was about the same, despite the fact that the car had two cylinders less. At the same time, the owners of the Lexus IS 250 complained not only about the lack of dynamics, but also about high flow fuel. And according to the authoritative publication Consumer Reports, this model, despite its positioning, is "neither sports nor premium."
5.GM 2.2 Ecotec
If the word Ecotec in the title scared you, we hasten to reassure you - we will talk about a 2.2-liter engine that was installed on cars until 2006. However, that four-cylinder unit managed to fray the nerves of the owners due to common problems with cylinder head gasket and timing chain. In addition, the motor did not have a high return, which is why buyers tried their best to avoid buying cars with this unit.
4 Ford V8 1932
The very first production V8 engine, produced by a company with a blue oval on the logo, was an attempt to introduce Americans into new era automotive industry. True, everything turned out a little differently. Since an engine of this design was a real "pen test" for Ford, it is not surprising that he collected all conceivable and unimaginable sores. For example, piston rings were made of insufficiently strong steel, which often caused the oil to boil. Due to errors in the design of the cooling system, the temperature in the rear cylinders was always higher than in the front ones, and intake manifold did not provide the correct mixture of fuel and air. As a result, problems with the motor arose literally every 100-200 kilometers.
Production: since 1993 - 1.2 liters, since 2003 - 1.4 liters.
Application: Fiat Punto/Grande Punto/Punto Evo, Fiat 500, Fiat Panda, Fiat Idea, Fiat Palio, Ford Ka (2nd generation), Fiat Linea, Lancia Musa, Lancia Y.
Fiat's engines of the FIRE series (Fully Integrated Robotised Engine - an engine completely assembled by robots) for more than 30 years. The range of power units covers a wide range of engines with a working volume from 769 cm3 to 1368 cm3, and 8-valve versions were later supplemented with 16-valve ones. Two 8-valve units without hydraulic pushers are worthy of attention.
In general, all versions of engines with an 8-valve head, regardless of the displacement, turned out to be very durable. The simple design showed high wear resistance even in small displacement engines (eg 1.1). Outdated 8-valve versions after a timing belt break will not require a major overhaul, which is inevitable for more modern modifications, which have a higher compression ratio and comply with Euro-5 standards.
FIRE engines have always been characterized by "plasticity" of character. Incredibly, two absolutely identical motors after running in behaved completely differently. So with calm drivers, he behaved lazily, and with temperamental drivers, he behaved more briskly.
Regular maintenance involves changing the timing belt, spark plugs and a reasonable oil change interval (in Europe it is a maximum of 15,000 km). These engines are absolutely reliable - they can only occasionally be disturbed by minor oil leaks.
Ford 1.38VDuratecRocam"
Production: 2001-2008
Application: Ford Ka (1st generation), Ford Fiesta VI.
The engine is similar in design and parameters to the older 1.3 OHV. It has a cast iron block, timing chain and hydraulic tappets. The power unit is rather lazy, but absolutely reliable. It has good traction low revs and requires minimal operating costs. The motor was assembled in Brazil and South Africa (South Africa). The abbreviation Rocam stands for Shaft with Roller Bearings.
Along with the ancient OHC "Pinto" unit (used, for example, in the Ford Sierra), this is one of the most reliable engines that has ever been under the hood of a Ford. The larger 1.6L Rocams are much rarer. They were used mainly in the "charged" Ford SportKa and Ford StreetKa.
Honda 2.2i-DTEC
Production: 2008-2015.
Application: Honda Accord 8th generation, Honda CR-V 3rd generation, Honda Civic - 9th generation.
In fact, 98% of Honda's gasoline units could be listed here, and no one would object. But much more interesting is the fact that the Japanese diesel engine turned out to be very reliable. And this despite the fact that its design uses all the most vulnerable elements of modern diesel engines, which the best of competitors cannot cope with.
Using a single-row timing chain is completely counterproductive, not to mention a thermally unstable aluminum block with thin, dry steel cylinder inserts (complicating heat dissipation), any BMW N47 diesel connoisseur will tell you.
In 2.2 i-DTEC, such a set works properly for a long time. Even the piezoelectric injectors, the turbocharger (has water-cooled bearings) and the electrically controlled EGR valve do not cause problems. The normally carbonized swirl flaps in the intake manifold were replaced with a bypass valve upstream of the bifurcated intake port, with the EGR plugged in behind it.
The only known drawback is the failure of the differential pressure sensor of the DPF filter.
Mercedes M266 (1.5/1.7/2.0)
Production: 2004-2012.
Application: Mercedes A-Class (W/C 169), mercedes b-class(T 245).
Strong and reliable diesel engines from OM601 to OM606 are known from the legendary W124. But they are long out of date. However, among the newer units you can find a hardy motor. This is M266. The 4-cylinder petrol engine is an evolution of the previous M166, known from the first A-Class and Vaneo.
The engine received a specific design, as it had to be placed at a large slope in a cramped engine compartment. The engineers relied on simplicity: only one timing chain and 8-valve gas distribution mechanism.
The mechanical part is very reliable. Injector failures are very rare (which is somewhat surprising for an indirect injection gasoline engine). But in most cases, the defect manifested itself during the warranty period.
All three versions of the motor are very hardy. The presence of turbocharging for modifications of the A200 Turbo theoretically increases the likelihood of malfunctions, but in reality nothing of the kind happens. The disadvantages include slightly increased fuel consumption, but this merit is not enough good aerodynamics of the body.
Mitsubishi 1.3/1.5/1.6MIVEC (series 4A9)
Production: since 2004.
Application: Mitsubishi Colt, Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi ASX, Smart ForFour, Citroën C4 Aircross.
Almost all gasoline engines Mitsubishi is very reliable, so choosing the best one is not easy. One of the most common is the 4-cylinder unit of the 4A9 series. It was created in a Mitsubishi/Daimler-Chrysler collaboration and is one of the most reliable engines on the market today.
4A9 is made entirely of aluminum, has a 16-valve DOHC gas distribution system, a variable valve timing system intake valves with electronic control MIVEC (some versions of the engine with a working volume of 1.3 liters are deprived of it). Although the engine is over 10 years old, no problems are known. Cars with such engines come to the service only for maintenance - replacement, oil, filters and candles.
4A9 is only atmospheric. Turbocharged Colt CZT/Ralliart models use a completely different Mitsubishi "Orion" engine. The Citroen C4 Aircross inherited the engine from its tech twin, the Mitsubishi ASX 1.6 MIVEC, but sold it under the simple name 1.6 i, and in some markets even the downright amazing 1.6 VTi.
PSA 1.4HDi 8V(DV4)
Production: since 2001.
Application: Citroen C1, C2 Citroen, Citroen C3, Citroen Nemo, Peugeot 107, Peugeot 1007, Peugeot 206, Peugeot 207, Peugeot Bipper, Toyota Aygo, Ford Fiesta, Ford Fusion Mazda 2.
The small 1.4 HDi can be seen as the successor to the legendary XUD7/XUD9. Even despite the fact that "on paper" the 1.4 HDi was created in collaboration with Ford (as was the larger 1.6 HDi). In fact, this is a completely French design, which turned out to be very successful.
Like Honda, the French were able to create a solid aluminum block with dry inserts. The timing belt is capable of going 240,000 km or 10 years. A simple turbocharger will last forever. The common rail injection system from Siemens has proven itself right from the start. Mazda, Ford and some PSA models have recently mentioned the Bosch injection system.
Initiates know that there is also a 16-valve version with a return of 90 hp. for more powerful options - Citroen C3 1.4 HDi and Suzuki Liana 1.4 DDiS. With its leaky 16-valve head, variable geometry turbocharger and Delphi injection system, this engine will never match the simple 8-valve version in terms of reliability.
Subaru 3.0 / 3.6R6 (EZ30 /EZ36)
Production: since 2000.
Application: Subaru Legacy, Subaru Outback, Subaru Tribeca.
Of all the illustrious Subaru boxers, the most reliable are the naturally aspirated six-cylinder EZ series, known from the Outback, Legacy 3.0R and the Tribeca crossover. The first versions of the 3-liter Outback H6 (219 hp until 2002) still had mechanical drive throttle control and aluminum intake manifold. Later modifications (245 hp), despite more sophisticated technologies(among other things, the system for regulating the height of the lift and the phases of the intake valves, and in 3.6 also the exhaust ones), did not become more “vulnerable”.
The engine has so-called wet cylinder liners and a durable timing chain. The only real drawbacks are the relatively high fuel consumption (especially in the Legacy 3.0 Spec B equipped with a sports manual with a short-throw gear selector) and minor maintenance difficulties (for example, to change spark plugs due to poor accessibility to "horizontally" located cylinders).
Suzuki 1.3/1.5/1.6DOHCM"
Production: since 2000.
Application: Suzuki Jimny, Suzuki Swift, Suzuki Ignis, Suzuki SX4, Suzuki Liana, Suzuki Grand Vitara(1.6), Fiat Sedici (1.6), Subaru Justy III.
M series engines include 1.3, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.8 small capacity motors. The latter is exclusively for the Australian market. On the European continent, the power unit is found in almost all small and medium Suzuki models that appeared at the turn of our millennium, and in the Fiat Sedici 1.6, which is a copy of the Suzuki SX4. The mechanical part of the engine is very reliable and durable. Even the phase change system is not satisfactory VVT valve timing used by most engine modifications. It is not only in the 1.3-liter version, designed for Ignis and Jimny until 2005, and the old 1.5 modifications for the SX4.
The timing chain drive is reliable. Among the minor drawbacks, small oil leaks through the crankshaft oil seal can be noted. More serious malfunctions practically never occurs.
Toyota 1.51NZ-FXE Hybrid
Production: since 1997.
Application: Toyota Prius I, Toyota Prius II, Toyota Yaris III Hybrid.
As with Honda, this review almost all Toyota engines could get in, but let's focus on the hybrid, which is still perceived by most motorists with skepticism. And this despite the fact that this power unit has unprecedented reliability. A simple high compression gasoline engine operating on the Atkinson cycle, a synchronous electric motor with permanent magnet and nothing more.
There are no gearboxes in the classical sense, and therefore there are no problems with this device. Instead, a planetary gearbox with two inputs and one output is used. The gear ratio changes depending on the difference in the speeds of rotation of both engines.
The most frightening thing is the expensive battery. But so far none of the owners have changed it. European competitors cannot match the phenomenal Japanese reliability.
Volkswagen 1.9SDI /TDI
Production: 1991-2006 (in some markets until 2010).
Application: Audi 80 B4, Audi A4 (1st generation), Audi A3 (1st generation), Audi 100/A6 (C4), Audi A6 (C5), Seat Alhambra, Seat Ibiza, Seat Cordoba, Seat Inca, Seat Leon, Seat Toledo, VW Caddy, VW Polo, VW Golf, VW Vento, VW Bora, VW Passat, VW Sharan, VW Transporter, Ford Galaxy (1st generation), Škoda Fabia and Š koda Octavia(1 generation).
Without a doubt, this is one of the most famous, but perhaps the most controversial engine on our list. The SDI/TDI engines are based on the old 1.9 D/TD. They received direct injection, the thermal loads on the block head were reduced and a Bosch rotary pump was installed, however, it is sensitive to fuel quality.
The reliability and durability, especially of the simple naturally aspirated 1.9 SDI versions, deserves respect. The engine is able to cover more than one million kilometers without major investments. Commonly Mentioned Sensor Problems mass flow air is not taken into account.
Paradoxically, the most reliable turbocharged option is only the 90 PS TDI with a maximum torque of 202 Nm (code designation 1Z or AHU). This turbodiesel appeared in the early nineties and was used in Audi, Golf III, Passat B4, Seat until 1996-1997.
Among the Skoda Octavia, the CMA is considered the best TDI. Its small fixed-geometry turbocharger exhibits much greater survivability than the 90-horsepower ALH's variable-geometry supercharger. The latter was prone to blade sticking, just like the 110 hp version.
The only weak point of SDI/TDI, especially in the early years of production, is the crankshaft damper pulley.
These engines cause a lot of problems and, even worse, are often unreasonably expensive to repair.
0.6 / 0.7 Turbo-Smart
The main problem with this engine is durability. Its resource is only about 100,000 km, which is currently simply unheard of for a passenger car. Apparently, during the design process, the designers could not even imagine that the car would be in operation for so long. The most noticeable sign of engine wear is increased oil consumption.
In addition, the three-cylinder baby from Smart suffers from burnout of valve seats, problems in the timing drive system and premature wear of the turbine.
Period of problems: 1998-2002 (0.6), 2002-2007 (0.7)
Application: Smart ForTwo
1.4 TSI - concernVolkswagen
It was to become one of the Volkswagen Group's most popular petrol engines. And so it turned out. It has found its way into the B, C and D segments. Unfortunately, the engineers have not dealt with several problems that tarnish the brand's image and can empty the pockets of the unconscious owner.
Engine 1.4 TSI power 160 HP dual supercharged suffers from chain stretch, chain tensioner problems and electromagnetic clutch compressor. In addition, the engine is very heavily loaded, which causes cracks on the middle pistons. If problems with pistons occur during the warranty period, then the engine is changed at the expense of the manufacturer, otherwise the driver will face huge costs.
A more modest 122-horsepower version of the turbo engine suffers only from problems with the chain and tensioner.
Also, both engine modifications are characterized by problems with the injection system.
Period of problems: since 2006.
Application:
Audi: A1, A3
Seat: Ibiza, Toledo, Leon, Altea, Alhambra
Skoda: Rapid, Octavia, Yeti, Superb
VW: Polo, Golf, Touran, Tiguan, Scirocco, Jetta, Passat, CC, Sharan
1.5 dCi - groupRenault
There is an opinion that diesel engines are reliable and durable. Renault's small diesel engine shows that this is far from the case. Introduced in 2001, the 1.5 dCi (K9K) was used in a significant number of small Renault and Dacia models, as well as in a number of Nissan models.
The most serious problem is turning the connecting rod bearings. Trouble, as a rule, occurs after about 150,000 km. Repair costs can be higher than purchasing a used engine, although the latter is also quite risky. In addition, there are malfunctions in the power supply and pressurization system.
Period of problems: since 2001.
Application:
Renault: Twingo, Clio, Thalia, Modus, Megane, Fluence, Scenic, Kangoo, Captur, Laguna
Dacia: Sandero, Logan, Logan MCV, Lodgy, Dokker, Duster
Nissan: Note, Juke, NV200/Evalia, Micra III, Almera, Qashqai
Mercedes: A, B, CLA
Suzuki Jimny
1.6 THP-bmw /PSA
In 2006, PSA, together with BMW, showed a common powertrain. It was a 1.6-liter THP petrol engine (150-200 hp) that has since won numerous awards, winning the Engine of the Year title. He found application in Mini and urban models of Peugeot and Citroen. Unfortunately, it is not without flaws. There are problems with turbocharging, chain stretching and cracking of the exhaust manifold. Some of the problems have been brought under control: for example, the chain, after 2009, no longer stretches. In 2011, a modernization was made, which eliminated most of the other miscalculations. Both companies later decided to work on further engine modifications independently.
Period of problems: 2006-2011.
Application :
BMW: Mini Cooper S
Citroen: DS3, C4, DS4, DS5
Peugeot: 207, 208, 308, 408, 508, RCZ
1.9 dCi - groupRenault
Diesel engine 1.9 dCi (F9Q) Renault didn't get a good reputation. It suffers from the same problems as the younger 1.5 dCi. When purchasing a car with a 1.9 dCi engine, you must be prepared for possible cranking of the connecting rod bearings, failure of the injection system and turbocharger. The consolation is the fact that the repair costs are not fatal.
Period of problems: 1999-2008
Application:
Renault: Clio, Megane, Laguna, Espace
Nissan: Primera
Mitsubishi: Carisma
Volvo: S40/V40
Suzuki Grand Vitara
2.0 TDI - concernVolkswagen
Not a single engine has spoiled the manufacturer's reputation as much as the 2.0 TDI PD did. He replaced the 1.9 TDI, famous for its reliability and unpretentiousness. The list of 2.0 TDI PD defects is long: cracking of the cylinder head, failure of the oil pump, pump injectors, timing drive ( premature wear gears on drive shaft), failure of the dual-mass flywheel.
The problems ended in 2007 after the release of version 2.0 TDI CR, i.e. with common rail injection system. Since then, VW's 2-litre diesel is no longer blacklisted.
Trouble period: 2003-2007
Application :
Volkswagen: Golf, Jetta, Passat, Touran, Sharan
Audi: A3, A4, A6
Skoda Superb
Seat: Leon, Altea, Toledo
2.0 d-bmw
2 liter BMW diesel The M47D20/M47TUD20 is not without problems. It can wreak real havoc on the owner's money accounts. Since 1998, the 136- and 150-horsepower versions of the engine have suffered from many diseases: failure of the turbine, dual-mass flywheel, injectors, and even cracking of the crankshaft occurs.
Its N47 receiver, which was produced between March 2007 and June 2009, received an additional load on crankshaft to drive auxiliary mechanisms. As a result, the timing drive resource has been reduced, which inevitably entails additional costs.
Problem Period: 1998-2005
Application: BMW: 320d, 520d
2.0 D-Subaru
Subaru's first ever diesel engine (boxer) received a lot of positive feedback. However, it soon became clear that he had some shortcomings. First there were problems with the clutch. Subaru's East European dealership said the drivers themselves were to blame. However, in Western Europe this defect was fixed under warranty. The problem was solved when the 5-speed mechanical box transmission was replaced by a 6-speed.
But that is not all! In addition, the dual-mass flywheel, the EGR valve may fail, and sometimes axial play of the crankshaft is detected. The last malfunction is very serious: engine repairs can be expensive, and not every mechanic can handle it.
Period of problems: since 2008.
Application : Subaru: Forester, Impreza, Legacy, XV.
2.0 / 2.2 D-4D-Toyota
Toyota turbo diesels of the 1AD and 2AD series have a number of disadvantages. The first of these is excessive consumption of engine oil. However, oil consumption in itself should not cause concern until it reaches gigantic volumes - 0.5-1 l / 100 km. The second drawback is the breakdown of the cylinder head gasket. The reason for this probably lies in heavy loads on the engine, which leads to deformation of the cylinder head. Replacing the gasket is not enough, which gives, since warping appears in the places where the plane of the aluminum alloy cylinder block adjoins the cylinder head. The engine block must be replaced (recommended by Toyota) or an alternative solution is applied - grinding the mating surface. There are also malfunctions of the fuel injection system, turbine and dual-mass flywheel.
Problem Period: 2005-2009
Application :
Toyota: Auris, Verso, Rav4, Avensis
Lexus: IS220d
2.0 TDCi-Ford
In 2000, Ford introduced the world to a powerful 2-liter ZSD420 turbodiesel, which got under the hood of the Mondeo. Pump high pressure often began to "drive chips", as a result of which the nozzles clogged. An integrated approach is needed to restore the engine, otherwise the replaced nozzles will soon become clogged again. Another problem typical of modern diesel engines is the failure of the dual-mass flywheel.
Problem Period: 2000-2009
Application:
Ford: Mondeo III
Jaguar: X-Type
2.0 CiTD-Mazda
Mazda's two-liter diesel MZR-CD - RF series is very sensitive to oil quality. Failure to meet the oil change intervals or use of incompatible (too thick) oil leads to clogging of the oil intake, due to which the engine lacks lubrication, increased wear of its moving parts, or even seizing. There are also controller failures. idle move, cracking of the intercooler and failure of the EGR valve.
Period of problems: since 2002.
Application: Mazda: 3, 5, 6, MPV
2.0 TS-AlphaRomeo
The 2-liter Alfa Romeo engine is one of the strongest, but expensive and difficult to maintain. Its main features are two spark plugs per cylinder (Twin Spark) and a few issues. It is necessary to take a very responsible approach to controlling the oil level. The weak link in the engine is the variator of the gas distribution system. Its incorrect operation leads to uneven operation of the power unit. There is also wear on the crankshaft connecting rod bearings.
Problem period: the entire production period.
Application: Alfa Romeo: 145/146, 147, 155, 156, 166, GT, Spyder/GTV
2.5 TDI - concernVolkswagen
Looking at the specs this motor I want to fall in love with him right away. Great power, huge torque, high work culture and low fuel consumption. But, unfortunately, it sometimes causes problems that may appear even with a relatively new engine. At the same time, it will not be possible to get off with just a “garland” of light signals on the instrument panel. Trouble presents fuel pump high pressure (TNVD) and camshafts. The manufacturer eventually coped with serious design flaws: in 2001, the problem with the high-pressure fuel pump was solved, and in 2004, with the camshafts. The production of these engines was completed in 2008.
Period of problems: 1997-2004
Application:
Audi: A4, A6, A8
VW: Passat
Skoda Superb
2.5 Turbo-Subaru
In 2006, Subaru introduced its new powerful 2.5L EJ255/EJ257 petrol engine. It was a "bloated" 2-liter engine, but the increase in displacement did not benefit him. The most common problem is blown head gaskets, causing coolant to enter the combustion chambers. In some cases, this ended in cracking of the pistons. Greatest chance for smooth operation had engines very carefully operated by the owners. Tuning the power unit or its aggressive and merciless operation soon leads to trouble. But how not to drive fast in a sporty Subaru?
Period of problems: since 2005.
Application : Subaru: Impreza, Legacy, Forester, Outback, Baja
2.5 / 3.1 TD-VMMotori
From a company that specializes in building engines, you expect great design and reliability. But the Italians would not be themselves if they did not offer something special. The diesel engine with a working volume of 2.5 liters R4 (425/R425) and its 3.1-liter counterpart with an additional cylinder R5 (531/R531) turned out to be whimsical and difficult to maintain. Among the common problems is the failure of the gas distribution system due to lack of lubrication. The unusual design with its own block head for each cylinder (4 for R4, 5 for R5) complicates maintenance, and their incorrect installation leads to engine failure. A failed generator located directly below it will tell you about the current pump.
Period of problems: since 1987.
Application:
Alfa Romeo: 155, 164
Chrysler Voyager
Jeep: Cherokee Grand Cherokee(także: 531)
Rovers: 800
range rover
3.0 DI-Nissan
Nissan doesn't make large displacement diesel engines. After the 2.8 TD (RD28) diesel engine, which was prone to overheating, which led to cracks in the cylinder head, Nissan introduced the 3.0 DI (ZD30) in 1999. Unfortunately, he had a serious design flaw- 3rd and 4th cylinders did not receive enough lubrication, which led to their jamming. But this is not the only drawback - the cylinder head gasket also burned out. A liquid-cooled turbine is very sensitive to overheating.
Nissan claims to have improved the engine and these problems no longer exist.
Period of problems: since 1999.
Application : Nissan: Patrol, Terrano, Navara, Caravan
3.0 Dmax-Isuzu /GM
Isuzu is a company that currently manufactures trucks. At one time, she misfired with her 3-liter 177-horsepower V6 DMAX (6DE1). Depending on the brand, he received different designations: 3.0 CDTI (Y30DT) - Opel, 3.0 TiD (D308L) - Saab and 3.0 dCi (P9X701) - Renault.
After 150-200 thousand km, due to overheating and subsequent deformation of the block, the liners in the cylinders began to fall. This led to fluid leakage from the cooling system, even more overheating and engine seizure. The manufacturer, not finding ways to repair the engine, recommended replacing it in such a case. However, companies using Isuzu technology still found a solution to the problem. So, Saab just switched to Fiat engines 1.9 JTD and Opel upgraded the engine. The updated power unit began to develop 184 hp. and received the designation Z30DT. The French followed in the footsteps of the Germans: Renault received a 185-horsepower P9X715 at the output.
Problem Period: 2000-2006
Application :
Opel: Vectra, Signum
Saab: 9-5
Renault: Vel Satis, Espace
3.4 B6-Porsche
Porsche is famous excellent quality its products and does not change everything about it last years. However, the manufacturer from Zuffenhausen did not escape setbacks. The largest of which was the 3.4 V6 engine with liquid cooled prepared in 1998 for new Porsche Carrera (996). Due to a design error, there is a risk of cracking the head of the block, which leads to oil mixing with the coolant. In addition, there are cracking of cylinder liners and jamming of the crankshaft. A more gentle operation and a shorter recommended oil change period will help avoid the tragedy. But this is not what is expected from Porsche cars.
The engine was subjected to constant improvements, because the engineers tried to cope with the next sores. But if you decide to purchase a Porsche Carerra 996 with such an engine, then it is better to look for a younger copy (2001). The problem disappeared completely when Porsche replaced the problematic engine with a larger 3.6 V6 during a facelift in 2001.
Period of problems: 1998-2001
Application: Porsche 911 Carrera and Carrera 4 (all body types).
4.5 V8-Porsche
Porsche Cayenne still the best-selling model of the Porsche brand. Therefore, in the secondary market you can find quite a lot of copies in relatively good condition. However, one must be careful when choosing petrol Cayenne S 4.5 V8. Its cylinder liners often crack. Symptoms: extraneous noise from the engine and increasing consumption of engine oil. Repairs can be expensive (over $1,000). Porsche cars have never been cheap to run. The Porsche Cayenne Turbo and Cayenne S later got rid of these problems by getting cylinder liners made of a more resistant material.
Problem Period: 2002-2007
Application: Porsche Cayenne S.
P.S. We continue to search for problematic engines that are best avoided: Attention, failed engines! (part 2)
