Marking of motor oils: sae, api, ilsac, gost and asea. New API SN Plus approval! What is api sn cf in oils

Each car owner should be able to decipher the engine oil marking applied to the product packaging, because the key to a durable and stable operation engine is the use of high quality which meets all the requirements of the manufacturer. Such serious requirements are made by them due to the fact that oils have to work in a wide range of temperature range and under great pressure.

From this article you will learn:

The engine oil marking contains all the necessary information for the right choice, you just need to be able to decipher it

In order to streamline and simplify the procedure for selecting oil for a particular type of engine according to the required characteristics and tasks assigned to it, a number of international standards have been developed. Global oil manufacturers use the following generally recognized classifications:

• ACEA;
• ILSAC;
• GOST.

Each type of oil labeling has its own history and market share, deciphering the meaning of which allows you to navigate the choice of the necessary lubricating fluid. Basically, we use three types of classification - these are API and ACEA, as well as, of course, GOST.

There are 2 main classes engine oils, depending on the type of engine: gasoline or diesel, although there is also universal oil. The intended use is always indicated on the label. Any engine oil consists of a basic composition (), which is its basis, and certain additives. The basis of the lubricating fluid is an oil fraction, which is obtained during oil refining or artificially. Therefore, according to the chemical composition, they are divided into:

• mineral;
• semi-synthetic;
• synthetic.

On the canister, along with other markings, chemical is always indicated. compound.

What can be on the label of an oil canister:

1. Viscosity class SAE.
2. Specifications API And ACEA.
3. Tolerances automakers.
4. Barcode.
5. Batch number and production date.
6. Pseudo marking (not a generally recognized standard marking, but used as marketing ploy, for example, fully syntetic, HC, with the addition of smart molecules, etc.).
7. Special categories of motor oils.

To help you buy exactly the one that will best suit your car engine, we will decipher the most important engine oil markings.

Marking of engine oils according to SAE

The most important characteristic, which is indicated in the marking on the canister, is the viscosity coefficient according to SAE classification- This is an international standard that regulates with positive and sub-zero temperatures(boundary value).

In accordance with the SAE standard, oils are designated in the XW-Y format, where X and Y are some numbers. First number- this is a symbol for the minimum temperature at which oil is normally pumped through the channels, and the engine scrolls without difficulty. The letter W means the English word Winter - winter.

Second number conditionally means the minimum and maximum value of the boundary of the high-temperature viscosity of the oil when it is heated to operating temperature(+100…+150°С). The higher the value of the number, the thicker it is when heated, and vice versa.

Therefore, oils are necessarily divided into three types depending on the viscosity:

• winter oils, they are more fluid and provide trouble-free engine starting in the cold season. The SAE index of such an oil will contain the letter “W” (for example, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, etc.). To understand the limit value, you need to subtract the number 35. In hot weather, such an oil is not able to provide a lubricating film and maintain the right pressure V oil system due to the fact that at high temperature its fluidity is excessive;
• summer oils are used when the average daily temperature is not lower than 0 ° C, since its kinematic viscosity is high enough so that in hot weather the fluidity does not exceed the required value for good lubrication of engine parts. At sub-zero temperatures, starting an engine with such a high viscosity is impossible. Designated summer stamps oils with a numerical value without letters (for example: 20, 30, 40, and so on; the larger the number, the higher the viscosity). The density of the composition is measured in centistokes at 100 degrees (for example, a value of 20 indicates a boundary density of 8-9 centistokes at an engine temperature of 100 ° C);
• multigrade oils the most popular, since they are able to work both at sub-zero and positive temperatures, the boundary value of which is indicated in the decoding of the SAE indicator. This oil has a dual designation (example: SAE 15W-40).

When choosing an oil viscosity (from those approved for use in your car engine), you need to be guided by the following rule: the greater the mileage / older the engine, the greater the high-temperature viscosity of the oil should be.

Viscosity characteristics are the very first and important element classification and labeling of motor oils, but not the only one - choosing oil purely by viscosity is not correct. Always it is necessary to choose the correct relation of properties oil and operating conditions.

Each oil, in addition to viscosity, has a different set operational properties(detergent, antioxidant properties, antiwear, susceptibility to various deposits, corrosiveness, and others). They allow you to determine the possible scope of their application.

In the API classification, the main indicators are: engine type, engine operating mode, oil performance properties, application conditions and year of manufacture. The standard provides for the division of oils into two categories:

• Category "S" - shows intended for gasoline engines;
• Category "C" - indicates the purpose for diesel vehicles.

How to decipher the API marking?

As already found out, API designation may begin with the letter S or C, which will indicate the type of engine that can be filled in, and another letter of the oil class designation, showing the level of performance.

According to this classification, the decoding of the marking of motor oils is carried out as follows:

• abbreviation EC, which is located immediately after the API, stand for energy-saving oils;
• Roman numerals after this abbreviation talking about fuel economy;
• letter S(Service) denotes applications oils for gasoline engines;
• letter C(Commercial) are denoted by ;
• after one of these letters follows performance level indicated by letters from A(most low level) to N and further (the higher the alphabetical order of the second letter in the designation, the higher the oil class);
• universal oil has letters of both categories through an oblique line (for example: API SL / CF);
• API marking for diesel engines is divided into two-stroke (number 2 at the end) and 4-stroke (number 4).

Those motor oils, which have passed the API/SAE test and meet the requirements of the current quality categories, are indicated on the labels with a round graphic symbol. At the top there is an inscription - "API" (API Service), in the middle is the degree of viscosity according to SAE, as well as a possible degree of energy saving.

When using oil according to its “own” specification, wear and the risk of engine breakdown are reduced, oil “waste” is reduced, fuel consumption is reduced, noise is reduced, engine performance is improved (especially at low temperatures), and the service life of the catalyst and exhaust purification system is increased.

Classifications ACEA, GOST, ILSAC and how to decipher the designation

The ACEA classification was developed by the Association of European Automobile Manufacturers. It indicates the performance properties, purposes and category of engine oil. ACEA classes are also divided into diesel and gasoline.

The latest edition of the standard provides for the division of oils into 3 categories and 12 classes:

• A/B – petrol and diesel engines cars, vans, minibuses (A1/B1-12, A3/B3-12, A3/B4-12, A5/B5-12);
• C – gasoline and diesel engines with catalytic converter exhaust gases (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
• E – diesel engines trucks (E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).

In the ACEA designation, in addition to the engine oil class, the year of its entry into force, as well as the edition number (when the technical requirements were updated) are indicated. Domestic oils are also certified according to GOST.

Classification of motor oils according to GOST

According to GOST 17479.1-85, motor oils are divided into:

• kinematic viscosity classes;
• performance groups.

By kinematic viscosity oils are divided into the following classes:

• summer - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
• winter - 3, 4, 5, 6;
• all-season - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, 5/12, 5/14, 6/10, 6/14, 6/16 (the first digit indicates the winter class, the second indicates the summer class).

In all listed classes, the larger the numerical value, the greater the viscosity.

By area of ​​application all engine oils are divided into 6 groups - they are designated from the letter "A" to "E".

Index “1” indicates oils intended for gasoline engines, index “2” for diesel engines, and oils without an index indicate its versatility.

Classification of motor oils according to ILSAC

ILSAC is a joint invention of Japan and America, the international committee for standardization and approbation of motor oils has issued five motor oil standards: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4 and ILSAC GF-5. They are completely similar to API classes, the only difference is that the oils corresponding to the ILSAC classification are energy-saving and all-weather. This classification is best suited for Japanese cars.

Correspondence of ILSAC categories regarding API:

• GF-1(obsolete) - oil quality requirements similar to API SH category; by viscosity SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX, 10W-XX, where XX-30, 40, 50.60.
• GF-2- meets the requirement by quality API oils SJ, and in terms of viscosity SAE 0W-20, 5W-20.
• GF-3- is analogue of API SL category and has been in operation since 2001.
• ILSAC GF-4 and GF-5- respectively analogues SM and SN.

In addition, within the standard ISLAC for Japanese cars with turbocharged diesel engines , separately used JASO class DX-1. This marking of automotive oils provides for engines modern cars with high environmental parameters and built-in turbines.

The API and ACEA classifications set out minimum basic requirements that are agreed between oil and additive manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers. Since engine designs different brands differ from each other, the operating conditions of the oil in them are not quite the same. Some major engine manufacturers have developed their own classification system motor oils, so-called permits, which completes the system ACEA classifications , with its own test engines and field testing. Engine manufacturers such as VW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Renault, BMW, GM, Porsche and Fiat predominantly use their own approvals when selecting engine oils. Specifications are always present in the car's operating instructions, and their numbers are applied to the oil packaging, next to the designation of its performance class.

Let's consider and decipher the most popular and frequently used tolerances present in the designations on cans of motor oils.

VAG approvals for passenger cars

VW 500.00- energy-saving engine oil (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, etc.), VW 501.01- all-season, designed for use in conventional gasoline engines manufactured before 2000, and VW 502.00 - for turbocharged ones.

Tolerance VW 503.00 provides that this oil is for gasoline engines with a viscosity of SAE 0W-30 and with an extended replacement interval (up to 30 thousand km), and if the exhaust system is with a three-way converter, then oil with a VW 504.00 approval is poured into the engine of such a car.

For Volkswagen, Audi and Skoda cars with diesel engines, a group of oils with tolerances is provided VW 505.00 for TDI engines, produced before 2000; VW 505.01 Recommended for PDE engines with unit injector.

Energy-saving motor oil, viscosity grade 0W-30, approved VW 506.00 has an extended replacement interval (for V6 TDI engines up to 30 thousand km, 4-cylinder TDI up to 50 thousand). Recommended for use for diesel engines new generation (after 2002 release). For turbocharged engines and a PD-TDI unit injector, it is recommended to fill in oil with a tolerance VW 506.01 having the same extended drain interval.

Approvals for Mercedes passenger cars

The Mercedes-Benz automaker also has its own approvals. For example, engine oil with the designation MB 229.1 Designed for diesel and gasoline engines manufactured since 1997. Tolerance MB 229.31 entered into force later and meets the specifications SAE 0W-, SAE 5W- with additional requirements that limit the content of sulfur and phosphorus. MB 229.5 is an energy-saving oil with an extended service life for both diesel and gasoline engines.

BMW engine oil approvals

BMW Longlife-98 this approval has motor oils intended for pouring into the engine of cars manufactured since 1998. An extended service replacement interval is provided. Conforms to the basic requirements of ACEA A3/B3. For engines manufactured at the end of 2001, it is recommended to use oil with a tolerance BMW Longlife-01. Specification BMW Longlife-01FE provides for the use of motor oil when operating in difficult conditions. BMW Longlife-04 approved for use in modern BMW engines.

Engine oil approvals for Renault

Tolerance Renault RN0700 was introduced in 2007 and meets the basic requirements: ACEA A3/B4 or ACEA A5/B5. Renault RN0710 meets the requirements of ACEA A3/B4, and Renault RN 0720 by ACEA C3 plus optional Renault. Approval RN0720 designed for use in latest generation diesel engines with particulate filters.

Approval for Ford vehicles

SAE 5W-30 approved engine oil Ford WSS-M2C913-A, intended for primary and service replacement. This oil meets ILSAC GF-2, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98 classifications and additional requirements Ford.

Oil with approval Ford M2C913-B intended for initial filling or service replacement in gasoline and diesel engines. Also fits all ILSAC requirements GF-2 and GF-3, ACEA A1-98 and B1-98.

Tolerance Ford WSS-M2C913-D was introduced in 2012, oils with this tolerance are recommended for all Ford diesel engines, with the exception of Ford Ka TDCi models manufactured before 2009 and engines manufactured between 2000 and 2006. Provides for extended drain intervals and refueling with bio-diesel or high-sulphur fuels.

approved oil Ford WSS-M2C934-A provides for an extended drain interval and is intended for filling in cars with a diesel engine and a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Oil that meets the specification Ford WSS-M2C948-B, based on ACEA class C2 (for gasoline and diesel engines with a catalyst). This tolerance requires an oil with a viscosity of 5W-20 and reduced soot formation.

When choosing an oil, you need to remember a few key points - this is the right choice of the necessary chemical composition(mineral water, synthetics, semi-synthetics), viscosity classification parameter, and know necessary requirements relative to the set of additives (determined in the API and ACEA classifications). Also, the label should contain information for which brands of machines this product is suitable. It is equally important to pay attention to the additional designations of engine oil. For example, the Long Life marking indicates that the oil is suitable for vehicles with extended service intervals. Also, among the features of some compositions, one can single out compatibility with engines that have a turbocharger, an intercooler, cooling of recirculation gases, control of timing phases and valve lift.

Why do we need an API classification of oils if there is a familiar and familiar SAE? The consumer does not care, as long as the quality of the product meets the requirements. But in the technical world, nothing is superfluous, especially in matters of standardization.

Variety of models and engine designs internal combustion and the difference in their performance characteristics requires the use of different motor oils for their lubrication.

American organization

To a person who grew up in the metric system of measures familiar to us, when meeting with non-metric units of measurement, in particular, adopted in the USA, it seems that he has fallen into an ingenious jungle. In front of him are unnecessary, out of touch with life, confusing designations, created to mislead the uninitiated. This is apparently not the case. The API classification is very informative.

Classification of oils for gasoline and diesel engines.

API, also known as the American Petroleum Institute, or in Russian the American Petroleum Institute, was established on March 20, 1919 as a non-governmental organization for the study and regulation of issues related to the oil and gas industry.

One of the areas of AIP is the development of standards for both extracted raw materials and processed products. Back in 1924, the API approved and published its first standards. To date, there are more than 500 of them. They are recognized throughout the world, not only because the United States is the leading economic power, largest manufacturer and consumer of oil and gas, but also because these standards met the requirements of industrialists, processors and users.

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Motorist's Choice

If the product is of high quality, it does not matter what standards it meets. The main thing is to be easy and understandable. You come to the store, you see rows of canisters on the shelves and calmly take exactly what you need, without wasting time studying the labels.

It is very important to choose the right oil for your vehicle.

Many people like the SAE standards. Everything is clear, informative, you will not get confused. With the Americans, it is a little more difficult, but not so much that the average buyer fell into a stupor at the sight of unfamiliar symbols.

Referring to the API standard is already a confirmation of quality. The main thing is to choose the oil that matches your car.

In the nomenclature of oils, we distinguish four groups, their classification was established in 1969:

• for gasoline engines;
• for diesel engines;
• For two-stroke engines;
• transmission, for gearboxes.

Within each group, their own quality gradations are provided, which are assigned letter and digital designations. The classification of engine oils according to API is convenient for specialists and ordinary consumers.

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Abbreviation decoding

Classification of motor oils - decoding of designations.

Let's take a choice of several oils with the American standard, all of them have the first three letters - API, and after them two more letters and sometimes numbers. For example, API SM, API CF, API TC and API MT-1. In fact, everything is simple. Oil standards are based on the hierarchy of the Latin alphabet and the year of implementation.

Let's understand and decipher the abbreviations. The first three letters are all the same, indicating the American Petroleum Institute. The following S, C, T are the most interesting for us:

• S from English service / spark ignition - a direct indication of a gasoline engine;
• C - commercial / compression ignition, respectively, diesel engine;
• T - two-stroke, two-stroke engine.

If after API none of the letters S, C, T is indicated, but some other is affixed (most likely G, M or P), then we have gear oil. So, we can easily understand what kind of oils are mentioned in the example: SM for a carburetor, CF for a diesel engine, TC for a two-stroke engine and MT-1 for a transmission. It remains to understand the next letter.

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New and old standards

When API introduced the first standards for oils for gasoline and diesel engines, and this happened more than 70 years ago, they were assigned the letter "A".

Deciphering the marking of motor oils.

This is how the API SA and API CA categories were born. Those following them received the letter "B", etc. The "youngest" standards are API SM (2004) and API CJ-4 (2006). That is, the farther from the beginning of the alphabet, the newer the standard. But this does not mean that the "ancient" standards "A" and "B" do not apply. Unlike SAE, API standards do not refer to viscosity or seasonality. They indicate the category of engines, including two-stroke ones. The designation of oils for transmissions is formed differently.

Let's explain with examples:

• SC - for engines with increased loads.
• SD - medium-forced oils for engines operating under severe conditions;
• CF - for engines of diesel SUVs with split fuel injection;
• TD - oils for outboard two-stroke engines of motor boats;
• PG-2 - transmission, for driving axles of powerful commercial vehicles.

We will not list everything, the main thing is to show the big picture so that the principles are clear and understandable.

The classification of gear oils according to API also has an internal logic, however, slightly different from those discussed above. You can’t immediately tell by transmission whether they have been used for a long time or what specific type of boxes they belong to. Here are some examples.

Oil group API GL followed by numbers from 1 to 6, where the number indicates the application. For example, API GL-2 covers oils for worm gears operating under low speeds and loads, they may contain anti-friction additives.

API MT-1 Standard - Manual Transmission Oils powerful tractors and buses. And the API PG-2 standard is intended for transmissions of driving axles of the same class of cars.

There is no need to memorize the API standards. They are summarized in a table. It is enough for the consumer to have an idea to which class of oils the standard belongs.

, passed a set of motor tests according to the latest Sequence Engine Test IX methodology and one of the first in the world and the first in Europe to receive licenses from the American Petroleum Institute API SN Plus. RAVENOL once again demonstrates leadership in technology and production of innovative high-quality motor oils!

API SN Plus Specification Information

The American Petroleum Institute (API) introduced the new API SN Plus specification on May 1, 2018. Before the introduction of the new API SP and ILSAC GF-6 specifications, at the request of automakers, an intermediate API specification SN Plus. Its main differences from API SN are shown in the graph.

Why was a new specification required?

One of the world's largest automakers, the American corporation GM, on August 31, 2018, introduced a new quality standard for DEXOS 1 Gen 2 engine oils. To obtain this new license, engine oils are tested on turbocharged engine GM 2.0L Ecotec, which is known in Europe as A20NFT or A20NHT. It is installed on in large numbers cars, including popular in Europe Opel Insignia, Astra J, Astra K, Saab 9-5, 9-3, as well as on models for American market Buick Regal, Verano, Cadillac SLS.

But the automotive industry demands industry-wide standards. Therefore, it was decided to add one more additional test for the LSPI phenomenon to the motor test matrix for API SN. This test is called Sequence IX and is carried out according to the Ford methodology on a turbocharged two-liter EcoBoost engine installed on the Ford Explorer (US engine code BB5Z-6006-A, in Europe it is known as T20HDTX). API SN Plus requires up to 5 cases of LSPI when testing Sequence IX. With RAVENOL DXG 5W-30 and RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 engine oils, both when tested on GM and Ford engines, the number of LSPI cases is reduced to zero. A graph comparison between API SN and API SN Plus shows that the basic requirements remain the same except for the additional in-cylinder pre-ignition test (Seq IX).

What is LSPI?

Low Speed ​​Pre Ignition (LSPI) - Pre-ignition of the mixture in the cylinder. Occurs in turbo engines with direct injection GDI type. Fuel-air mixture ignites too early, forming overpressure in the cylinders. In most cases, LSPI manifests itself as "engine noise" and can cause serious damage as it During LSPI, pistons and connecting rods rise up and are particularly prone to failure. Worst case, damaged or broken. piston rings, connecting rods bend and spark plugs are damaged.

Which RAVENOL products are licensed under API SN Plus?

To date, two RAVENOL products are licensed under API SN Plus:

Product Information

RAVENOL DFE SAE 0W-20

Art. 1111109-004

RAVENOL DFE SAE 0W-20 is a fully synthetic PAO motor oil formulated with CleanSynto® technology for both turbocharged and non-turbocharged gasoline engines. Keeps the turbocharger clean. RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 reduces friction, reduces wear and fuel consumption. Extended drain intervals as required by car manufacturers.

RAVENOL DFE SAE 0W-20 prevents LSPI (in-cylinder pre-ignition) in direct fuel injection (GDI) engines, helping to avoid engine damage. Provides excellent performance and optimum lubricity during cold starts. Thanks to a significant reduction in fuel consumption, RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 contributes to the protection environment by reducing harmful emissions into it.

RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 is officially licensed by GM dexos1™ Gen 2, which is required for OPEL, GENERAL MOTORS, Chevrolet, Daewoo and Holden gasoline engines.

Specifications:

Licenses:

API SN Plus, SN (RC), ILSAC GF-5

Official clearance:

GM dexos1™ Gen 2 License Nr. D10689HJ081

Ford WSS-M2C947-A

RAVENOL DXG 5W-30

Art. 1111124-005

RAVENOL DXG 5W-30 is a fully synthetic polyalphaolefin (PAO) engine oil formulated with CleanSynto® technology for naturally aspirated and naturally aspirated petrol engines such as GDI engines with direct fuel injection.

Due to the unique formulation with a combination of high and low viscosity PAO, RAVENOL did not use viscosity index modifiers (VI improver) to a large extent. Star-shaped polymers are used as viscosity modifiers in this formulation. Viscosity modifiers improve the lubricating properties of the oil at elevated temperatures, thereby allowing the oil to be used over a wide operating temperature range. Polymer viscosity modifiers are effective in oils operating under moderate loads, in the absence of high shear. Under high load and high shear rate, long thickener molecules can break into small fragments, as a result of which the effectiveness of the thickener during operation gradually decreases.

Trinuclear molybdenum and organic friction modifiers (OFM) were introduced into the formulation as agents that minimize engine wear. And also used high-polarity base oil fifth group, which has good compatibility with the used PAO. RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 reduces friction, wear and fuel consumption and provides excellent cold start performance. Provides a strong oil film even at very high operating temperatures, which protects against corrosion as well as oil evaporation (oxidation) or coking.

Thanks to a significant reduction in fuel consumption, RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 contributes to the protection of the environment by reducing harmful emissions into it. Also, the product prevents LSPI (premature ignition of the mixture in the cylinder), which helps to avoid engine damage.

Specifications:

API SN Plus, SN (RC), ILSAC GF-5

Licenses:

API SN Plus, SN (RC), ILSAC GF-5

Official clearance:

GM dexos1™ Gen 2 License No. D10709HK081

Ford WSS-M2C946-A, Ford WSS-M2C929-A, Chrysler MS-6395, Honda/Acura HTO-06

Obtaining an official API SN Plus license allows the use of RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 and RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 engine oils during the warranty and post-warranty period in all engines requiring a quality level lubricants API SN including turbocharged gasoline engines with direct fuel injection, such as: Ford/Jaguar/Land Rover/Volvo EcoBoost, GM/Opel/Chevrolet Ecotec, Mazda SkyActiv, Nissan DIG-T, Renault TCe, Mitsubishi/Hyundai T-GDI, Toyota 8AR-FTS/ 8NR-FTS, Honda VTEC-Turbo and others.

Please note that RAVENOL DXG SAE 5W-30 and RAVENOL DFE 0W-20 engine oils with DEXOS 1 Gen 2 approval have been available on the Russian market since August 2017. These oils are now officially licensed by API SN Plus. At the same time, the recipe of the oil did not change. This suggests that RAVENOL technologies are ahead of existing industry standards. Now on sale there are cans with labels that still indicate the API SN license, but in fact it has long been API SN Plus. Just until May 1, 2018, the American Petroleum Institute did not issue API SN licenses and oil producers did not have the right to indicate API SN Plus on the labels. Up-to-date information about licenses can always be checked on the official API website in the section https://engineoil.api.org/Directory/EolcsResults?accountId=-1&brandName=RAVENOL

The API Engine Service Classification System (API Engine Service Classification System) has evolved since 1969 as a result of collaboration API, ASTM And SAE. The system is fully set out in ASTM D 4485 standards "Standard specification for the quality of performance properties of motor oils"(Standart Performance Specification for Performance of Engine Oils) and SAE J183 APR96 Engine Oil Performance and Engine Service Classifications (Other than "Energy Conserving"). API and the participation of representatives of car manufacturers ( AAMA), engines ( EMA) And technical unions (ASTM And SAE) was created and developed "EOLCS engine oil licensing and certification system"(Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System, API Publication No. 1509). This system is constantly being improved. Currently, engine oils are certified in accordance with the requirements of EOLCS and "CMA Code of Practice"(СМА Code of Practice).

According to the API system (ASTM D 4485, SAE J183 APR96), three operational categories (three rows) of the purpose and quality of motor oils are established:

S (Service)- consists of quality categories of motor oils for gasoline engines, going in chronological order. For each new generation, an additional alphabetical letter is assigned:
API SA, API SB, API SC, API SD, API SE, API SF, API SG, API SH and API SJ (category SI - intentionally omitted by API to avoid confusion with the International System of Measures).
The API SA, API SB, API SC, API SD, API SE, API SF, API SG categories are now invalidated as obsolete, however, in some countries, oils of these categories are still produced, the API SH category is "conditionally valid" and can only be used as an additional one, for example, API CG-4 / SH.
The SL class was introduced in 2001 and differs from SJ in significantly better antioxidant, antiwear, antifoam properties, as well as lower volatility;

C (Commercial)- consists of categories of quality and purpose of oils for diesel engines, going in chronological order. For each new generation, an additional alphabetical letter is assigned:
API CA, API CB, API CC, API CD, API CD-II, API CE, API CF, API CF-2, API CF-4, API CG-4 and API CH-4.
Categories API CA, API CB, API CC, API CD, API CD-II are now invalidated as obsolete, but in some countries oils of these categories are still produced;

EC (Energy Conservation)- energy-saving oils - new row high quality oils, consisting of low-viscosity, easy-flowing oils that reduce fuel consumption according to the results of tests on gasoline engines.
Engine oils that exhibit low viscosity at both low and high temperatures can be certified to the API EC "Energy Conserving" Oil category. Previously, energy savings was determined using the Sequence VI method (ASTM RR D02 1204). This methodology has been used to certify API SH oils for energy efficiency levels (degrees) of API SH/EC - 1.5% fuel economy and API SH/ECII - 2.7% fuel economy compared to SAE 20w-30 reference oil. The Roman numerals after the letters EU indicate the level of fuel economy achieved (EU II - 2.5%).

Impact of emission control systems

Universal oils for gasoline and diesel engines are indicated by two symbols of the corresponding categories: the first symbol is the main one, and the second indicates the possibility of using this oil for another type of engine. For example, API CG-4/SH is an oil optimized for use in diesel engines, but it can also be used in gasoline engines for which an oil of API SH and lower categories (SG, SF, SE, etc.) is prescribed.

For gasoline engines - oil classes on the S scale
Oil group		Vehicle Years	Qualitative indicators
SN	Introduced in October 2010 This is the last service category for vehicles with petrol engines. This new North American standard replaces the previous SM service category, which was introduced in 2004. API SN engine oils can be used in engines requiring API SM and earlier S categories. API SN oils are improved over API SM in the areas of oxidation stability and control of deposits and sludge. The API has also introduced a new designation, Resource Conserving, which can be used in conjunction with API SN. The "Resource Conserving" designation has replaced the previous "Energy Conserving" designation. While the "Energy Saving" designation only focused on fuel economy, the new "Resource Saving" designation covers fuel economy, exhaust aftertreatment and turbocharger protection, and compatibility with ethanol-containing fuels (up to E85, i.e. fuels containing up to 85% bioethanol). In other words, the main difference between API SN and previous API classifications is the limitation of phosphorus content for compatibility with modern neutralization systems. exhaust gases, as well as comprehensive energy saving. That is, oils classified according to API SN approximately correspond to ACEA C2, C3, C4, without correction for high temperature viscosity.	since 2011	-
SM	Introduced in November 2004. Technology development trends are aimed at increasing their environmental safety, extended maintenance intervals while maintaining operational reliability. Naturally, this makes its own adjustments to the process of improving engines, being reflected in the qualities of lubricants. Following these trends, in November 2004, a class for engine oils for gasoline engines appeared in the API classification - SM, suggesting, compared to SL, increased requirements for lubricants regarding oxidation resistance, protection against deposits, wear, etc. Since October 2006, the category has been replenished for diesel oils class CJ-4.	since 2004	-
SL	(active). API planned to develop the PS-06 project as the next API SK category, but one motor oil supplier in Korea uses the abbreviation "SK" as part of its corporate name. To eliminate possible confusion, the letter "K" will be omitted for the next category "S". - stability of energy-saving properties; - reduced volatility; - Extended drain intervals.	since 2001	-
SJ	(active). The category was approved on 11/06/1995, licenses began to be issued from 10/15/1996. Automotive oils of this category are designed for all currently used gasoline engines and completely replace the oils of all previously existing categories in older engine models. Maximum level performance properties. API SJ/EC Energy Saving Certification Possibility.	since 1996	-
SH	(Conditionally active). Licensed category approved in 1992. To date, the category is conditionally valid and can only be certified as an additional category to API C categories (for example, API AF-4 / SH). According to the requirements, it meets the ILSAC GF-1 category, but without mandatory energy saving. Automobile oils in this category are designed for gasoline engines of 1996 and older models. When carrying out certification for energy saving, depending on the degree of fuel economy, API SH / EC and API SH / ECII categories were assigned.	since 1993	higher for models from 1995 onwards
SG	Licensed category approved in 1988. The issuance of licenses ceased at the end of 1995. Automotive oils are designed for engines of 1993 and older models. Fuel - unleaded gasoline with oxygenates. Satisfies the requirements for automotive diesel engine oils of API CC and API CD categories. They have higher thermal and oxidation stability, improved anti-wear properties, reduced tendency to form deposits and sludge. API SG automotive oils replace API SF, SE, API SF/CC and API SE/CC oils.	1989-1993
SF	Automobile oils in this category are designed for engines of 1988 and older models. Fuel - leaded gasoline. They have more effective than the previous categories, antioxidant, antiwear, anticorrosion properties and have a lower tendency to form high and low temperature deposits and slag. API SF automotive oils replace API SC, API SD and API SE oils in older engines.	1981-1988
SE	High performance engines operating under severe conditions.	1972-1980	higher
SD	Medium boosted engines operating in difficult conditions.	1968-1971	average
SC	Engines operating with increased loads.	1964-1967	-
SB	Motors operating at moderate loads are used only at the request of the manufacturer.	-	-
SA	Engines operating in light conditions are used only at the request of the manufacturer.	-	-

For diesel engines - oil classes on scale C
Oil group	Recommended area of ​​application	Vehicle Years	Qualitative indicators
CJ-4	Introduced in 2006. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet 2007 emission standards on main roads. CJ-4 oils allow the use of fuels with sulfur content up to 500 ppm (0.05% by weight). However, operation with fuels containing more than 15ppm (0.0015% by weight) sulfur may affect the performance of exhaust aftertreatment systems and/or oil change intervals. CJ-4 oils are recommended for engines equipped with diesel particulate filters and other aftertreatment systems. Oils with the CJ-4 specification exceed the performance properties of CI-4, CI-4 Plus, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4 and can be used in engines for which oils of these classes are recommended.	since 2006	-
CI-4	Introduced in 2002. For high-speed four-stroke engines designed to meet the 2002 exhaust emission regulations. CI-4 oils allow the use of fuels with a sulfur content of up to 0.5% by weight, and are also used in engines with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system. Replaces CD, CE, CF-4, CG 4 and CH-4 oils. In 2004, an additional API category, CI-4 PLUS, was introduced. The requirements for soot formation, deposits, viscosity indicators, TBN value limit.	since 2002	-
CH-4	Introduced in 1998. For high speed 4-stroke engines that meet U.S. emission regulations since 1998. CH-4 oils allow the use of fuels with a sulfur content of up to 0.5% by weight. Can be used instead of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4 oils.	since 1998	-
СG-4	Introduced in 1995. For high speed engines diesel technology operating on fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.5%. CG-4 oils for engines that comply with the exhaust gas toxicity requirements introduced in the USA since 1994. Replaces CD, CE and CF-4 oils.	since 1995	higher for models since 1995
CF-4	Introduced in 1990. For high-speed four-stroke diesel engines with and without turbocharging. Can be used instead of CD and CE oils.	since 1990	higher for four-stroke engines
CF-2	Introduced in 1994. Improved performance, used instead of CD-II for two-stroke engines.	since 1994	higher for two-stroke engines
CF	Introduced in 1994. Oils for off-road equipment, engines with split injection, including those running on fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5% by weight and above. Replaces CD oils.	since 1994	-
CE	Highly boosted promising engines high turbocharged heavy duty oils can be used in place of CC and CD oils.	since 1987	higher
CD	A class of oils for high-speed turbocharged diesel engines with high specific power, operating at high speeds and at high pressures and requiring increased anti-wear properties and prevention of carbon deposits.	since 1955	average
CC	Highly boosted engines (including moderately supercharged) operating in difficult conditions.	since 1961	low
CB	Medium boosted naturally aspirated engines operating at high loads on sour fuel.	1949-1960	-
CA	Engines operating at moderate loads on low sulfur fuel.	1940-1950	-

Universal oils for gasoline engines and diesel engines have the designations of both categories, for example API SG / CD, API SJ / CF.

Diesel oil classes further subdivided for two-stroke(CD-2, CF-2) and four-stroke diesel engines (CF-4, CG-4, CH-4).

API marks

Oils that meet the requirements of the current quality categories and have passed official API - SAE tests have on their labels a graphic round sign (donut mark) - "API service symbol" ( API Service Symbol), which indicates the degree of viscosity according to SAE, the quality category and purpose according to API and the possible degree of energy saving.

Oils licensed by API and meeting API SN are displayed on the back label with the API "ring" service symbol. Information that the licensed oil also meets the Resource Conserving designation is shown on the bottom of the ring.

The newest categories of oils certified by API, in case of compliance with ILSAC requirements, are designated by the "API Certification Certificate Symbol" (), the so-called "Starburst" sign. This mark can only be awarded to energy-saving, easy-flowing oils of the highest quality level, with SAE 0W-..., 5W-... and 10W-... viscosities. The system of requirements for oils of the ILSAC GF series is integral part American Oils Quality Assurance API (EOLCS).

API - ILSAC systems are designed to meet the requirements for oils used in American and Japanese car engines. The requirements of European automakers are somewhat different due to design features European engines. Despite this, most motor oils entering the European market are marked with API quality marks and, in rare cases, even with the API Service Symbol.

API standards - a system of standards developed by the non-profit organization American Petroleum Institute (American Petroleum Institute) designed to streamline processes in the production and refining of oil. Association website - http://www.api.org

The development of common standards is one of the oldest and most successful API programs. Starting with the very first standards in 1924, API now maintains over 500 standards for all segments of the oil and gas industry. Today, the API standardization program is becoming global, due to active interaction with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) http://www.iso.org) and other international organizations.

API is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) http://www.ansi.org as a standards development organization that operates according to an approved standards development procedure and regularly audits the development process. API standards for procedures, recommended instructions, specifications, encodings, and technical publications, reports and training covers all segments of the oil and gas industry. API standards promote safety, equipment and process interchangeability. Through the use of proven, expert-approved solutions, API standards reduce the cost of maintaining system interoperability. Together with the Program API Qualities many of these standards form the basis for the API certification system.

ITT Goulds is among the developers API standard 610 and tries to include all the most advanced developments and achievements in the field of pumping: http://www.api.org/globalitems/globalheaderpages/membership/api-member-companies.aspx#I

Pumping equipment includes standards:
- API 610 Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries(Centrifugal pumps for the oil, petrochemical and gas industry).
11th edition of the standard for this moment the most relevant.

Identical to ISO 13709:2009.

This standard specifies requirements for centrifugal pumps for the oil refining, gas and petrochemical industries, including pumps operating in turbine mode.
The standard describes cantilever pumps, double suction pumps and vertical semi-submersible pumps (see Table 1 of the standard).
Article 8 describes the requirements related to specific types of pumps.
The remaining clauses of this standard apply to all types of pumps. The illustrations are for different pump designs and are labeled according to the pump type.
This edition of API 610 is identical to the international standard ISO 13709 Centrifugal pumps for the oil, petrochemical and natural gas industries.

API 682 Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps(Shaft seal systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps).
At the moment, the 3rd edition is the most relevant.

- API 685 Sealless Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Gas Industry Process (Sealed pumps for the oil, petrochemical and gas industries ).
At the moment, the 2nd edition is the most relevant.

This standard sets out the minimum requirements for sealed pumps for the oil refining, gas and petrochemical industries, including pumps operating in turbine mode.
The standard describes single-stage cantilever pumps in two classes, Magnetic Driven PumpsMagneticDrivePumps (MDP), and Wet Rotor Pumps CannedMotorPumps (CMP). Chapters 2 to 8 and 10 describe General requirements for both types of construction. Chapter 9 is divided into two parts and describes the requirements unique to each design type.

You can buy these standards on the Internet, for example here: