Units of measurements in the theory of electrical machines
1. Unit of measurement and defining formula
electrical resistance
Ohm, R=U/I
Ohm, R = U * I
Ohm, R = I / U
There is no correct answer
2. Unit of measurement and defining formula
electrical conductivity
Siemens,G = 1 / R
Weber, G=U/R
Tesla, G=1/R
There is no correct answer
3. Unit of measurement and defining formula
electrical capacitance
Farad,C = q / U
Farad, C = q * I
Tesla, C = q / I
Tesla, C = q * U
4. Unit of measurement and defining formula
magnetic flux
Weber, F =q * R
Weber, Ф = q / R
Weber, Ф = q 2 / R
Weber, Ф = q 2 * R
5. Unit of measurement and defining formula
magnetic induction
Tesla, B=F/S
Tesla, V = F *S
Tesla, V = F / S 2
Tesla, V \u003d F * S 2
6. Unit of measurement and defining formula
magnetizing force
ampere-turn,F = W * I
Amp, F = I
Newton, F \u003d C m * I * F
Newton, F = m * v 2 / 2
7. In which node of the generator direct current variable emf is converted to constant?
In the collector
In the armature winding
At the main poles
There is no correct answer
2. Write down the formula for the emf of the DC generator.
E=C E *n*F
E = C M * I * F 
There is no correct answer
3. Determine the rated current of the generator with a power of 200 W at a voltage of 110 V.
I H = 2.2 A
There is no correct answer
4. How will the voltage of the DC generator change when the resistance in the excitation circuit decreases?
will decrease
will increase
Will not change
There is no correct answer
5. Which excitation generator has a rigid external characteristic?
Mixed excitation with a consonant serial 
excitation winding
Mixed excitation with counter serial excitation winding
parallel excitation
independent excitation
6. Why at the time of starting the DC motor occurs high current?
Due to the lack of back EMF in the armature winding
Due to the high voltage on the armature winding
Due to the high voltage on the excitation winding
Due to short engine start time
7. How will the rotational speed of the series excitation motor change if the resistance is connected in parallel with the excitation winding?
will increase
will decrease
Will not change
It is impossible to turn on the resistance in parallel with the excitation winding
8. With what method of braking a DC motor is electrical energy transferred to the network?
Generator
dynamic
Anti-inclusion
Braking by an external braking device
9. Specify the formula for the speed of the DC motor
n= 
n= 
n= 
n
=
10. Specify the wrong way to control the speed in DC motors.
Armature current change
By changing the excitation current
Change in armature voltage
By introducing additional resistance into the armature circuit
11. Specify the types of switching in DC machines.
Inclusion of starting resistance
Turning on the field winding
Turning on the armature and excitation windings at the same time
12. Indicate the types of armature reaction in DC machines.
Transverse, longitudinal, mixed
Accelerated, slowed down, resistance
Elastic, plastic, dessipative
There is no correct answer
13. Why is a series excitation DC generator not used in practice?
The voltage at the generator terminals changes dramatically when the load changes.
The voltage at the generator terminals does not change when the load changes.
EMF decreases with increasing load.
The EMF of the generator does not change.
14. When constant voltage parallel excitation DC motor supply, the excitation magnetic flux has decreased. How has the speed changed?
Decreased.
Hasn't changed.
Increased.
Changes periodically
15. Adjusting characteristic of a DC generator of independent excitation is a dependence ..
There is no dependency.
E from I ex.
Iexc from Inarp.
U from I load.
16. Rated current of a DC motor with series excitation I nom = 50 A. What is the field winding current?
17. Why is the armature core of a DC machine recruited from sheets of electrical steel insulated from each other?
To reduce power losses from magnetization reversal and eddy currents.
For constructive reasons.
To reduce the magnetic resistance to the flow of excitation.
For noise reduction
18. Mixed excitation DC generator is a generator having:
One parallel excitation winding.
One serial excitation winding.
Parallel and series excitation windings.
One independent excitation winding.
19. What is the purpose of a rheostat in the excitation winding circuit of a DC motor?
Limit starting current.
Adjust the voltage on the clamps.
Increase starting torque.
Adjust the rotation speed.
20. The power consumed by the DC motor from the network P 1 = 1.5 kW. Useful power given by the engine to the load, P 2 \u003d 1.125 kW. Define Engine efficiency IN %..
21. What will happen to the EMF of the parallel excitation generator if the excitation circuit is broken?
EMF will increase.
EMF will not change.
EMF will drop to Eost.
EMF will be zero.
22. The starting current of the DC motor exceeds the rated current due to:
Absence of counter-EMF at the moment of start-up.
Low resistance armature winding.
High resistance excitation winding.
Low resistance excitation winding
23. Which of the following process sequences correctly determines how an engine works?
F e - F - I a - M
M - F e - F - I a
M - I a - F e - F
F - M - I a - F e
Tests on the course "Electrical equipment of cars and tractors"
1. What electrolyte density would you choose for a battery operating in the northern regions of Russia?
1) 1,2; 2) 1,2; 3) 1,29; 4) 1,4; 5) 1,6.
2. Electromotive force one cell of a lead battery at rest is equal to:
1) 1 V; 2) 1.5V; 3) 2B; 4) 3 V; 5) 4V.
3. Generator excitation winding alternating current serves to: 1) create a magnetic flux; 2) generator heating; 3) anchor rotation; 4) rotor rotation; 5) discharging the battery.
4. The stator core of the alternator is recruited from thin sheets of electrical steel, isolated from each other, in order to: 1) enhance the magnetic flux; 2) increasing the focus of the service; 3) reduction of eddy current losses (Foucault currents).
5. Alternator brushes are made of: 1) copper; 2) graphite; 3) graphite with the addition of copper; 4) lead; 5) steel.
6. The generator in the electrical circuits of cars is: 1) a device for charging batteries only; 2) a device for starting the engine; 3) the main source of direct current; 4) a source for powering only the ignition system; 5) a source for powering only lighting devices.
7. The voltage at the generator terminals is maintained constant by: 1) relay reverse current; 2) switching relay; 3) current limiter; 4) voltage regulator
8. What does the word "zener diode" mean? 1) semiconductor device for voltage stabilization; 2) rectifier; 3) resistance.
9. For what purpose did the transistor begin to be used in voltage regulators? 1) to reduce the current broken by the contacts; 2) as a controlled resistance; 3) to control the excitation current.
10. How is the car battery charged? 1) at constant strength current; 2) at constant voltage (14.5 V); 3) with a mixed method; 4) at alternating voltage; 5) in the pulsed mode.
11. How is sulfuric acid mixed with distilled water during the preparation of the electrolyte? 1) water is poured into acid; 2) acid is poured in a thin stream into water, stirring.
12. How is the excitation winding in starter motors switched on in order to obtain the maximum torque on the armature shaft when starting the engine? 1) sequentially; 2) in parallel; 3) mixed; 4) doesn't matter.
13. For what purpose is a clutch installed in the starter drive freewheel? 1) for the movement of the starter gear to the flywheel; 2) to increase the frequency of rotation of the anchor; 3) to eliminate the rotation of the starter armature from the flywheel after starting the engine; 4) to simplify the design of the starter.
14. What is the purpose of using a switching relay in electrical circuits for starting an engine, which connects power to the windings of the starter traction relay? 1) create a schema with remote control starter; 2) reduce sparking in the contacts of the ignition switch and increase its service life; 3) simplify wiring diagram; 4) replace the functions of the electromagnetic traction relay of the drive mechanism.
15. The main purpose of the freewheel (overrunning clutch) of the starter: 1) to perform the function of a bearing between the armature shaft and the gear housing; 2) transfer torque from the starter to the engine at start-up and eliminate the rotation of the starter armature after starting the engine; 3) transfer rotation from the flywheel crown to the starter shaft; 4) do not interfere with the rotation of the motor shaft from the handle.
16. Specify main reason reducing the speed of rotation of the starter when starting the engine: 1) reducing the tension of the spring of the brush holders; 2) lowering the voltage on the battery; 3) shedding of the active mass on the plates of the battery.
17. Indicate the main reason if the starter does not turn on: 1) the battery pins are oxidized; 2) the battery is partially discharged; 3) the traction relay circuit is open; 4) the contact disk of the traction relay is oxidized; 5) the contacts of the traction relay are oxidized.
18. In addition to the retracting winding, the starter traction relay has: 1) an accelerating winding; 2) holding winding; 3) exciting winding; 4) series winding.
19. In the marking of the candle “A 20 DV”, the number 20 characterizes: 1) the length of the candle in mm; 2) the gap between the electrodes of the spark plug in mm; 3) glow number (thermal characteristic); 4) candle weight; 5) the mass of the candle.
20. In the marking of the candle “A 20 DV”, the letter D indicates the length of the threaded part of the body, equal to: 1) 3 mm; 2) 5 mm; 3) 8 mm; 4) 10 mm; 5) 19mm.
21. In the marking of the candle “A 20 DV”, the letter B denotes: 1) the protrusion of the insulator cone beyond the end of the candle body; 2) high quality top; 3) location; 4) for all engines; 5) waterproof.
22. In order for the candle to self-clean from carbon deposits, the temperature of the insulator cone must be within: 1) 10-20°C; 2) 40-60°С; 3) 80-100°С; 4) 100-120°С; 5) 400-500°С.
23. Which of the indicated candles has a higher glow number and is considered more "cold"? 1) A 11 DV; 2) A 14 DV; 3) A 17 DV; 4) A20 DV; 5) A23 DV.
24. A 17 DV spark plug is installed on the engine, but it gives glow ignition. What candle do you choose to eliminate this shortcoming? 1) A 8 DV; 2) A 11 DV; 3) A 14 DV; 4) A 17 DV; 5) A 20 DV.
25. What size gap (in mm) is recommended between the spark plug electrodes? 1) 0.1-0.2; 2) 0.2-03; 3) 03-0.4; 4) 0.5-0.6; 5) 0.6-0.8.
26. In classical system ignition capacitor serves to: 1) form the required amplitude and shape of the voltage pulse applied to the spark plug; 2) elimination of radio interference; 3) smoothing secondary voltage pulsations; 4) increasing the voltage on the secondary winding.
27. When installing the ignition, the piston of the first cylinder is set to the mark near the TDC on the cycle: 1) exhaust; 2) intake; 3) compression; 4) working stroke; 5) on any.
28. Centrifugal regulator serves to change the ignition timing depending on: 1) load; 2) engine shaft speed; 3) composition combustible mixture; 4) engine temperature; 5) compression ratio.
29. The vacuum regulator changes the ignition timing depending on: 1) the speed of the engine shaft; 2) loads (positions throttle valve); 3) engine temperature; 4) engine compression.
30. Octane corrector is used to change the ignition timing depending on: 1) load; 2) engine shaft speed; 3) engine temperature; 4) octane number gasoline; 5) engine compression.
31. The gap between the contacts of the breaker should be within: 1) 0.1-0.2 mm; 2) 0.2-03 mm; 3) 0.35-0.45 mm; 4) 1 -2 mm; 5) 3-4 mm.
32. In the contact ignition system, capacitors are used with a capacity of: 1) 0.01-0.02 microfarads; 2) 0.2-03 uF; 3) 1-2 uF; 4) 5-7 uF; 5) 20-30 uF.
33. The temperature of the spark between the electrodes reaches: 1) 10 °C; 2) 20 °С; 3) 50 °С; 4) 200 °С; 5) 10000 °C.
34. The secondary voltage in the classic ignition system reaches: 1) 100V; 2) 200V; 3) 1000V; 4) 2000 V; 5) 15000-25000 V.
35. In a magneto, the current source is: 1) a battery; 2) a generator with excitation from a permanent magnet.
Z6. Why is a single-wire system used in electrical equipment systems, using a car body instead of a second wire? 1) to reduce body corrosion; 2) to save expensive wires; 3) to reduce radio interference.
37. Specify main disadvantage battery charging on a car at constant voltage: 1) this way worse charging at a constant current strength; 2) cannot be carried out full charge batteries; 3) high current at the beginning of charging, plate warping is possible; 4) you can not adjust the strength of the charging current; 5) charging control becomes more difficult.
38. In modern systems ignition when using a hall sensor, what is the moving part?
1) magnet; 2) Hall element; 3) screen; 4) excitation coil; 5) anchor.
39. Determination of the degree of rarefaction of the battery is possible by: 1) electrolyte temperature; 2) electrolyte density; 3) electrolyte color; 4) service life.
40. The maximum useful power of the battery is observed when the load resistance is equal: 1) infinity; 2) much more than the value of internal resistance; 3) much less than the value of internal resistance; 4) internal resistance.
41. Explain why the starter consumes the most current at the time of starting the engine?
42. Why do the retracting and holding windings of the starter traction relay have the same number of turns and are connected in opposite directions?
43. When the starter is turned on, the traction relay is activated, and the armature does not rotate. Explain what is wrong.
44. For what stator winding generator is three-phase?
45. Why does the generator voltage frequency change continuously?
46. Why does a high-voltage voltage pulse occur in the secondary winding of the ignition coil when the circuit of the primary winding of the ignition coil is broken?
1. Tests on the topic: "Classification and general device cars"
1. What concept is missing in general classification cars:
a) transport;
b) special;
c) market;
d) racing;
e) specialized.
2. What group of mechanisms is included in the device of the car:
a) remission;
b) absmission;
c) transmission;
d) force mission.
3. What is the source of mechanical energy on a car:
a) body;
b) engine;
c) chassis;
d) battery;
d) generator.
4.
Transmission is...
a) the mechanisms of the braking system of the car;
b) vehicle steering mechanisms;
c) a unit that generates electricity in a car;
d) a block of mechanisms that transmit torque, from crankshaft engine to the driving wheels of the car.
5. What units are not included in the car chassis:
a) transmission;
b) chassis;
c) engine;
d) control mechanisms;
e) cargo platform;
e) fuel pump.
6. What systems relate to the mechanisms of driving a car:
a) power system;
b) brake system;
c) ignition system;
d) steering system.
2. Tests on the topic: “Classification of engines. Mechanisms and engine systems internal combustion»
1. In which internal combustion engines does the formation working mixture inside its cylinders:
a) carburetor;
b) injection;
c) diesel;
d) gas.
2. What mechanism converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft:
a) crank-rod;
b) carburetor;
c) injection;
d) gas distribution;
e) free running.
3. What is the correct name for the volume released when the piston moves in the cylinder from the top dead center to bottom dead center:
a) complete;
b) worker;
c) combustion chambers;
d) crankcase.
4. With the help of what system is the current transformation in the internal combustion engine low voltage into the current high voltage:
a) power systems; e) ignition systems;
b) cooling systems; f) ventilation systems;
c) lubrication systems; g) alarm systems.
d) heating systems;
5. How does the compression ratio affect the power and efficiency of the engine:
a) increases;
b) reduces;
c) has no influence;
d) accumulates.
6. What mechanism promptly lets in a combustible mixture into the engine cylinders and releases exhaust gases:
a) crank-rod;
b) gas distribution.
3. Tests on the topic: " crank mechanism»
1. What function does the crankshaft perform in the engine:
c) converts the rectilinear reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft;
2.
Which ring prevents the breakthrough of gases from above the piston space into the crankcase:
a) oil scraper;
b) compression;
c) piston;
d) stopper.
3. The crankshaft does not contain:
a) necks;
b) cheeks;
c) language;
d) counterweights.
4. Flywheel:
a) increases the compression in the engine;
b) evenly increases engine speed under load;
c) rotates evenly crankshaft and removes pistons from dead spots;
d) changes the valve timing.
5. What types of liners are provided in the KShM:
a) indigenous;
b) needle;
c) connecting rod;
d) drums.
6. piston pin connects:
a) a piston with a cylinder liner;
b) a piston with a crankshaft;
c) a piston with a connecting rod;
d) a piston with a combustion chamber.
7. What factors cause a drop in engine power:
a) from an increased gap between the liner and the connecting rod journal of the crankshaft;
b) from wear or occurrence in the grooves of compression rings.
4. Tests on the topic: "Gas distribution mechanism"
1. What is the function of the timing in the engine:
a) prepares a combustible mixture of fuel and air vapors;
b) removes excess heat from engine parts;
d) supplies lubricant to the rubbing surfaces of engine parts.
2. The correct ratio of the rotation of the timing gear and the crankshaft gear:
a) 1: 1; b) 1: 2; c) 1: 3; d) 1:4.
3. The bar transmits force:
a) from the gas distribution shaft to the pusher; b) from pushers to rocker arms;
c) from the pushers to the valve; d) from the valve to the timing gear.
4. What material is the valve guide bush made of:
a) asbestos; b) steel; c) cast iron; d) cermets.
5. Gas distribution phases are ...
a) the speed at which traffic fumes come out of the muffler;
b) quantity harmful substances in exhaust gases;
c) the moments of opening and closing of valves relative to dead points, expressed in degrees of rotation of the crankshaft;
d) valve opening and closing speed relative to dead points.
6. External signs engine timing problems are:
a) a decrease in compression and pops in the intake and exhaust pipes;
c) a drop in engine power and metal knocks;
d) all of the above factors.
7. Poor fit of the valve to the seat is possible due to:
a) warping of valve heads;
b) jamming of the valve stem in the guide sleeve;
c) lack of clearance between the valve stem and the rocker arm;
d) all of the above factors;
8. Adjustment thermal gap in valves is produced for:
a) ensuring a tight fit of the valve in the seat;
b) ensuring a tight fit of the valve in the guide sleeve;
c) ensuring a snug fit of the valve to the rocker arm;
d) ensuring silent operation of the timing gear.
5. Tests on the topic: "Cooling system"
1. What is the function of the cooling system in the engine:
a) prepares a combustible mixture of fuel and air vapors;
c) timely lets in a combustible mixture (air) into the engine cylinders and releases exhaust gases;
d) supplies lubricant to the rubbing surfaces of engine parts.
2. The radiator cap has a valve:
a) bypass; b) reduction; c) steam-air.
3. Water pump:
a) provides forced ventilation of the engine crankcase;
b) provides forced circulation coolant;
c) provides forced circulation of oil.
4. The thermostat in the cooling system plays the role of:
a) pump; b) converter; c) valve; d) filter.
5. With what force and amount of deflection should the tension of the water pump drive belt be adjusted:
a) 1-2 kg - 5-10 mm; b) 2-3 kg - 15-20 mm; c) 3-4 kg - 10-15 mm; d) 4-5 kg - 15-20 mm.
6. To remove scale, what solution should be used to flush the radiator:
a) caustic potassium; b) caustic soda; c) caustic barium; d) caustic bromine.
7. Antifreeze and antifreeze are:
a) heating fluids;
b) solvent liquids;
c) preservative liquids;
d) non-freezing liquids.
8. What happens if the thermostat valve gets stuck in the open position:
a) the engine will overheat;
b) the engine will overcool;
c) the engine will detonate;
d) the engine will operate normally.
9. What operations for TO-2 does the cooling system include:
a) checking the tension of the fan drive belt;
b) checking the fastening of the radiator, water pump and fan;
c) checking the performance of the steam-air valve of the radiator cap;
d) lubrication of water pump bearings;
e) all of the above.
6. Tests on the topic: " Lubrication system»
1. What is the function of the lubrication system in the engine:
a) prepares a combustible mixture of fuel and air vapors;
b) removes heat from engine parts and transfers it to the surrounding air;
c) timely lets in a combustible mixture (air) into the engine cylinders and releases exhaust gases;
2. In what units is the viscosity of the oil measured:
a) joules; b) centistokes; c) moles; d) bytes; e) suites.
3. Which oil parameter is not its meter:
a) pour point; b) stability; c) viscosity; d) flash point;
e) soot formation.
4. What types of lubricants exist in internal combustion engines:
a) splashing b) under pressure; c) all of the above; d) by gravity; e) combined.
5. The oil pump in the system provides:
a) oil filtration; b) oil regeneration; c) creation required pressure oils; d) protects the system from excess oil pressure.
6. What type of oil pump is used in internal combustion engines:
a) rotary; b) turboprop; c) reactive; d) gear.
7. What type of oil filtration is not used in an internal combustion engine:
a) under pressure b) injection; c) centrifugal.
8. Which engine oil pressure is more dangerous:
a) increased; b) reduced; c) normal.
9. The purpose of the pressure reducing valve in the system:
a) protect the engine from reduced pressure oils;
b) protects the engine from high blood pressure oils;
c) protects the engine from oil contamination.
10. What factors will cause a decrease in oil pressure in the engine:
a) from insufficient level oils in the system; b) oil dilution;
c) malfunction of the oil pump; d) from all of the above;
e) oil leakage through leaks in oil pipeline connections.
11. During maintenance, the lubrication systems perform an oil change. What else needs to be replaced:
A) oil pump; b) oil pipelines; V) safety valve; d) spark plugs; e) oil filter; f) switch; g) oil dipstick.
7. Tests on the topic: "Power system"
1. What function does the power system perform in the engine:
a) removes heat from engine parts and transfers it to the surrounding air;
b) provides storage, cleaning and supply of fuel, prepares a combustible mixture from fuel vapor and air;
c) timely lets in a combustible mixture (air) into the engine cylinders and releases exhaust gases;
d) provides oil supply to the rubbing surfaces of parts and its filtration.
2. Which parameter does not apply to the characteristics of gasoline:
a) evaporation; b) specific gravity; c) explosiveness; d) calorific value;
e) resistance to detonation.
3. Normal fuel mixture- This …
a) a mixture in which the proportion of fuel and air is 1:17;
b) a mixture in which the proportion of fuel and air is 1:13;
c) a mixture in which the proportion of fuel and air is 1:10;
d) a mixture in which the proportion of fuel and air is 1:15.
4. Fuel pump high pressure provides:
a) fuel cleaning; b) fuel supply to the engine injectors;
c) fuel injection into the engine cylinders;
d) extracting fuel from the tank and supplying it to the filter element.
5. Detonation is ...
a) dynamic factor when the car is moving; b) explosive combustion of fuel;
V) centrifugal force when turning the car; d) calorific value of gasoline.
6. The economizer is needed for:
a) depletion of the combustible mixture; b) enrichment of the combustible mixture at full load;
c) fuel inversion; d) supply of nitrous oxide.
7. In case of any malfunctions in the power system carburetor engines
there will be excessive fuel consumption:
a) when the fuel jet is clogged; b) when the air jet is clogged;
c) in case of failure of the accelerator pump; d) when the economizer fails.
8. What diesel fuel less viscous:
a) summer b) winter; c) arctic; d) subtropical.
9. Which operation is not included in the maintenance of the power system:
a) draining sludge from fuel tank; b) replacement air filter;
c) removal of condensate from the receiver; d) flushing of fuel lines;
f) adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber; e) replacement of fuel filters.
8. Tests on the topic: "Electrical equipment of the car"
1. Which device is the source of current when the engine is not running:
2. Which device is the source of current when the engine is running:
a) alternator; b) switch; c) battery;
d) compressor; e) relay-regulator; e) alarm.
3. What is the purpose of the relay-regulator:
a) transforms low voltage current into high voltage current;
b) regulates the generator voltage and limits the current in the electrical circuit;
c) protect electrical circuit from short circuits;
d) converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
4. An ampere hour is ...
a) the voltage that the battery can produce;
b) the current strength that the battery can produce;
c) the capacity of the battery, which can give a current of 1A for 1 hour;
d) a unit that characterizes the operation of the relay-regulator.
5. Ignition coil is:
a) stabilizer; b) a transformer; c) rectifier;
d) igniter of the working mixture inside the engine cylinders;
e) storage of electrical energy.
6. Purpose of the octane corrector:
a) this is a device that monitors the level of fuel in the tank;
b) component breaker-distributor of the ignition system;
c) a control and measuring device installed on the shield;
d) a specialized tool for a car repairman.
7. What malfunction in the starter will cause a failure in its operation:
a) burning brushes; b) break in the stator windings; c) all of the above;
d) break in the rotor windings; f) failure of the solenoid relay.
8. What does not apply to instrumentation:
a) ammeter; b) fuel gauge; c) oil pressure indicator;
d) hydrometer; e) coolant temperature gauge; e) pressure gauge.
9. What gap should be between the electrodes of the candle:
10. What gap should be the contacts of the breaker-distributor:
a) 0.1 - 0.2 mm; b) 0.3 - 0.4 mm; c) 0.5 - 0.6 mm; d) 0.7 - 0.8 mm.
9. Tests
OGBOU SPO "Kadomsky Technological College"
Terekhin Alexey Ivanovich
EDUCATIONAL AND PRACTICAL AID
by section
"ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT OF CARS" MDK 01.02 Maintenance and repair road transport
for students of the specialty 23.02.03. "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles"
Cadom
In the training manual for the section "Electrical equipment of vehicles" MDK 01.02. Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles are considered general principles construction of a vehicle electrical system, its individual elements and their relationships. The material is arranged in a logical order and well structured, which makes it easier to understand the principles of operation of all systems and the troubleshooting process. Educational and practical guide illustrated with diagrams, tables and figures. After each topic, questions are given for self-control of knowledge, the answers to which require creative assimilation of the material. Special attention given to new electrical systems used in models using on-board computers and microprocessor technology.
Training manual for the section "Electrical equipment of vehicles" MDK 01.02. Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles is intended for students of technical schools and colleges. Developed in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Standard in the specialty 23.02.03. "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles"
| Foreword | 6 |
|
| | 7 |
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| 7 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 10 |
|
| Topic 2: Gensets | 10 |
|
| 10 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 12 |
|
| Topic 3. Schemes of power supply systems | 13 |
|
| 1. Scheme of electrical equipment 2. Power supply systems with alternating current generator sets | 13 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 14 |
|
| Topic 4: Operation of the power supply system | 15 |
|
| 1.Maintenance of the power supply system 2Main malfunctions of the power supply system 3.Equipment required to test the power supply system | 15 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 18 |
|
| Topic 5. Ignition system | 18 |
|
| 1. The purpose of the ignition system and the requirements for it 2. The concept of a contact ignition system 3. Working principle contact system ignition 4.General information about semiconductor ignition systems 5.Contact-transistor ignition system 6. Contactless system ignition
11. Spark plugs 12.Check technical condition, testing and adjustment of ignition system devices 13. Equipment used in the operation of ignition systems | 18 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 30 |
|
| Topic 6. Electric starting systems | 30 |
|
| ||
| Questions for self-control | 38 |
|
| Topic 7: Instrumentation | 38 |
|
| 38 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 43 |
|
| Topic 8: Lighting | 44 |
|
| 44 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 45 |
|
| Topic 9: Light signaling devices | 45 |
|
| 46 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 49 |
|
| Topic 10: Switching system and operation of lighting devices | 49 |
|
| 49 50 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 51 |
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| Topic 11: Sound signals, electric motors, windshield wipers | 51 |
|
| ||
| Questions for self-control | 56 |
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| Topic 12: Forced economizer control system idle move
| 57 |
|
Questions for self-control | 61 |
|
Topic 13: Electrical diagrams of modern cars | 61 |
|
| 61 |
|
| Questions for self-control | 69 |
|
| Topic 14: Switching equipment, devices for reducing radio interference | 69 |
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| 1. Switching equipment 2. Multiplex wiring system 3. Trip computer 4. Devices for reducing radio and television interference | 69 |
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| Questions for self-control | 75 |
|
| Bibliography | 77 |
|
Foreword
Behind last years car park Russia has undergone significant changes. domestic producers, increasing the competitiveness of their products, significantly expanded and modernized the electrical equipment of the car.
On modern cars electronic devices control the ignition system, fuel injection, monitor the performance of components and assemblies, providing the driver with information about the state vehicle. Now almost any electrical equipment system includes electronic elements: these are all kinds of relays, regulators, sensors, etc. The use of electronics and microprocessor technology contributed to the development of systems automatic control engine and transmission, locking doors, lifting windows, turning mirrors rear view And much more.
The discipline "Electrical equipment of vehicles" is one of the main disciplines of the special cycle, studied by 3rd year students of the specialty 190604 "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles". The study of this discipline should contribute to the development of students' creative thinking, the skills of practical assessment of faults that occur in the electrical system of the car, taking into account theoretical knowledge material and skills to highlight the main thing in a huge stream of modern information on the device and modification of cars.
The training manual was developed in accordance with the requirements of the State Educational Standard for this academic discipline. The material is arranged in a logical order and well structured, which makes it easier to understand the principles of operation of all systems and the troubleshooting process. The training manual is illustrated with diagrams, tables and figures. After each topic, questions are given for self-control of knowledge, the answers to which require creative assimilation of the material.
Topic 1: Batteries
Plan
1.Battery device
2. Chemical processes occurring inside batteries
3. Possible battery failures
4. Battery Maintenance
5. Charging batteries
1.Battery device
Test 18. Accumulator battery
1. SOURCES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY:
1) headlights; 4) clearance lights;
2) starter; 5) battery.
3) generator.
THEY TURN ON EACH OTHER:
6) sequentially;
7) in parallel.
MAIN OF THEM:
8) headlights;
9) starter;
10) generator;
11) clearance lights;
12) battery.
2. THE MAIN CURRENT CONSUMER OF THE BATTERY (ACB):
1) starter;
2) generator;
3) ignition system;
4) lighting system;
5) light signaling system.
Match
3. ACTIVE SUBSTANCE ELECTRODES:
1) PbO; A. positive electrode;
2) РbО 2 ; B. negative electrode.
4. STARTER BATTERY ELECTROLYTE IS A MIXTURE OF:
1) alkali and water;
2) sulfuric and hydrochloric acids;
3) sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol;
4) of hydrochloric acid and ethylene glycol;
5) sulfuric acid and distilled water;
6) hydrochloric acid and distilled water.
5. BATTERY DETAILS:
1) 5-barette;
2) 14 - plug;
3) 12 - barette;
4) 2 - separator;
5) 3 - electrodes;
6) 1 - electrodes;
7) 6 - separator;
8) 14-pole output;
9) 6 - safety shield;
10) 10- safety shield.
6. Battery EMF DEPENDS ON:
1) its discharge;
2) separator material;
3) the amount of electrolyte;
4) electrolyte temperature;
5) the number of batteries;
7) thickness of electrode grids;
8) chemical properties active substances.
Complement
7. THE CAPACITY OF THE BATTERY IS THE MAXIMUM QUANTITY OF __________ WHICH THE BATTERY CAN GIVE AWAY WITH A FULL ___________.
Indicate the numbers of all correct answers
8. BATTERY CAPACITY DEPENDS ON:
1) its discharge;
2) separator material;
3) the amount of electrolyte;
4) electrolyte temperature;
5) the magnitude of the discharge current;
6) the number of batteries;
MEASURED IN:
10) liters;
11) volts;
12) ampere-hours;
13) volt-amperes.
9. INTERNAL (OHMICAL) RESISTANCE OF THE BATTERY DEPENDS ON:
1) electrolyte density;
2) separator material;
3) the amount of electrolyte;
4) electrolyte temperature;
5) the magnitude of the discharge current;
6) the number of batteries;
7) the amount of active mass;
8) the thickness of the electrode grids;
9) chemical properties of active mass substances.
1) its discharge;
2) separator material;
3) the amount of electrolyte;
4) electrolyte temperature;
5) the number of batteries;
6) the amount of active mass;
7) the thickness of the electrode grids.
11. DISCHARGE OF THE BATTERY PRODUCES:
1) water;
2) acid;
3) spongy lead;
4) lead sulfate;
5) lead dioxide.
ELECTROLYTE DENSITY:
6) rises;
7) goes down.
12. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE VALUES OF DISCHARGE OF THE BATTERY
BY VOLTAGE, V:
1) 8,5;
2) 9,5;
3) 10,5.
BY ELECTROLYTE DENSITY, G/CM 3:
4) 1,05;
6) 1,17.
13. SELF DISCHARGE NORMAL:
1) 5% for 14 days for serviced batteries;
2) 10% for 14 days for serviced batteries;
3) 15% for 14 days for serviced batteries;
4) 5% for 90 days for unattended batteries;
5) 10% for 90 days for unattended batteries;
6) 15% for 90 days for unattended batteries.
AT ELECTROLYTE TEMPERATURE:
7) 5-15 °С;
8) 15-25 °С;
9) 30-35 "S.
14. BATTERY LIFE REDUCES:
1) high charge current;
2) high discharge current;
3) low level electrolyte;
4) high level electrolyte;
5) frequent monitoring of her condition;
6) heat electrolyte;
7) storage in a discharged state;
8) increased density electrolyte;
9) high intensity of exploitation;
10) charging only from the car's generator.
15. SEPARATOR:
1) in the form of plates;
2) in the form of an envelope;
3) permeable to electrolyte;
4) impervious to electrolyte;
5) disconnects the accumulators in the battery;
6) disconnects opposite electrodes.
7) ebonite;
8) mipor;
9) vinipor;
10) miplast;
ITS MATERIAL:
11) plastipore;
12) screwed up;
13) polypropylene.
16. LATTICES OF ELECTRODE PLATES:
1) copper;
2) steel;
3) lead;
4) tin
5) fluorine;
6) sodium;
7) antimony;
8) arsenic.
IT LEADS TO:
9) intensive outgassing;
10) reducing the weight of the battery;
11) increasing the strength of gratings;
12) decrease in battery resistance.
USED IN BATTERIES:
13) served;
14) unattended.
17. CHARGING THE BATTERY WITH DIRECT (BY VALUE) CURRENT:
1) transient in time;
2) relatively long;
18. CHARGING THE BATTERY AT CONSTANT VOLTAGE:
1) transient in time;
2) relatively long;
3) provides 100% charge;
4) applied on the car;
5) provides 90-95% charge;
6) used in stationary installations;
7) allows you to charge several batteries at once;
8) initially goes at a large value.
19. ELECTROLYTE LEVEL ABOVE ELECTRODE PLATES, MM:
1) 5-10; 4) 30-35;
2) 10-15; 5) 35-40.
3) 20-30;
20. CHARGING THE BATTERY PRODUCES:
1) water; 4) lead sulfate;
2) acid; 5) lead dioxide.
3) spongy lead.
ELECTROLYTE DENSITY:
6) rises;
7) goes down.
21. END OF CHARGE OF THE BATTERY IS DEFINED:
1) cessation of electrolyte density growth within 0.5 h;
2) cessation of the increase in electrolyte density for 1 hour;
3) cessation of the increase in electrolyte density for 2 hours.
22. 0.01 G/CM 3 REDUCTION OF THE ELECTROLYTE DENSITY CORRESPONDS TO THE % REDUCTION OF THE DEGREE OF CHARGING OF THE BATTERY:
1) 1-2; 4) 7-8;
2) 3-4; 5) 9-10.
3) 5-6;
23. DENSITY OF THE ELECTROLYTE OF A FULLY CHARGED BATTERY AT 20 "C, G / CM 3:
1) 1,25; 4) 1,31;
2) 1,27; 5) 1,32.
3) 1,30;
Complement
24. THE VALUES OF THE DENSITY OF THE ELECTROLYTE WITH A DECREASE IN ITS TEMPERATURE FOR EVERY 20 "C SHOULD BE DECREASED BY_G / CM 3 AND vice versa.
Indicate the numbers of all correct answers
25. VALUE OF VOLTAGE OF A GOOD BATTERY WHEN TESTED WITH ITS LOAD PLUG FOR 5 C, IN NOT LESS:
1) 7,5; 4) 9,5;
2) 8,0; 5) 10,0;
3) 8,5; 6) 10,5.
26. IF THE ELECTROLYTE TEMPERATURE INCREASES ABOVE 35 °C:
1) temporarily stop the charge;
2) reduce charging current 2 times;
3) add cold electrolyte;
4) add distilled water;
5) wipe the battery case with ammonia solution.
27. IN OUT OF SERVICE BATTERIES:
1) a separator in the form of an envelope;
2) separator in the form of a plate;
3) there are no prisms at the bottom of the monoblock;
4) tin is present in the grating material;
5) calcium is present in the lattice material;
6) thickness of electrodes and separators is increased;
7) the thickness of electrodes and separators is reduced;
8) connection of accumulators through monoblock partitions.
