The generator does not charge the VAZ 2106 reasons. Battery not charging

If you suddenly notice that your VAZ 2107 car has lost battery charging, this malfunction must be fixed immediately. If you operate the car without charging, the battery will run out very quickly and you will have to use a tow truck or tow.

To find the cause of the lack of battery charging and how to fix this problem, you need to start with theory.

Reasons for not charging the battery

For the correct operation of the ignition system and other electrical circuits of the VAZ 2107, the voltage in the on-board network must be constant. When the engine is not running, a constant voltage maintains the battery. After starting the engine, the car's generator comes into operation, it provides battery charging and maintains the voltage of the on-board network within 13.6-14.2 volts. Regardless of the speed, the voltage on the generator must remain constant. This is provided by a relay-regulator, which, depending on the speed, changes the voltage of the generator circuit. If the voltage drops below the acceptable level, the winding current increases, increasing the output voltage and vice versa.

If there is no charging on the VAZ 2107, possible reasons may be as follows:

• poor contact or break in the excitation network of the generator output voltage;
• faulty relay-regulator;
• broken alternator belt.

Troubleshooting the generator should, first of all, begin by identifying the cause of the lack of battery charge.

How to find the reason for the lack of battery charging

The first sign of a lack of charging is the warning light on the instrument panel, or if the voltmeter needle is not in the green zone when the engine is running. More precisely, you can check the voltage on the battery with a multimeter.

With the engine running, the voltage on the battery should be - 13.9 ± 0.3 V. If the battery is not charging, the voltage will be approximately 12 V.

Warning: to avoid damage to the ECU and the regulator relay, it is forbidden to remove the battery terminals while the engine is running.

High or low voltage of the on-board network harms the battery. In the first case, the electrolyte boils away, in the second, it is discharged, which leads to the failure of the battery.

To find the problem and fix it, you will need the following tools and devices:

• control lamp 12 V;
• multimeter;
• flat screwdriver;
• pliers;
• sandpaper.

Troubleshooting battery failure

The first step is to check the tension of the alternator belt - it is he who drives the generator and the coolant pump, so this malfunction can also be manifested by engine overheating.

If the VAZ 2107 battery charging lamp does not light up, and the normal voltage of the on-board network is shown on the voltmeter and the battery is not charging, the reason is obviously in the contacts on the terminals.

You need to remove the terminals from the battery and clean them with sandpaper. If charging does not appear, it is necessary to measure the voltage at the output "30" of the generator with the engine running. If the voltage readings at this output and the battery have a strong difference, you need to clean the contacts and check the wire going from the generator to the battery. If the wire is defective, then it must be replaced.

If the voltage in the on-board network is within limits when the engine is running, but when the headlights are turned on, it drops, the reason is the weak tension of the alternator belt. With increased load, a weak belt slips. The correct belt tension is when, with a force of 10 kgf, it should bend by 12-17 mm.

Another reason for the lack of charging may be a short circuit or a break in the stator or rotor winding, as well as a broken rectifier diode on the generator.

Diodes can be tested with a test light or multimeter to check their resistance. To test the diodes with a test lamp, remove the “+” terminal from the battery and connect the test lamp with one end to the positive terminal, and with the other end touch the three bolts shown in the figure below. Then do the same operation, only with the “-” terminal. If the control lamp lights up, then the diode under test is broken.

If one of the diodes fails, it is necessary to replace the diode bridge assembly.

A stator winding failure can be determined with a multimeter by measuring the resistance between the rectifier unit mounting bolts. If there is no contact between them, then there is a break in the winding. In this case, the winding or generator assembly is changing.

Probably the most common cause of generator failure is brush wear. To check them, you need to remove the brush assembly. The length of the brushes must be more than 5 mm, otherwise they must be replaced. Also, the brushes can jam or warp in the wells.

Note: the injection generator is no different from the generator of the carburetor version of the VAZ 2107. All tips for repairing and checking the generator are relevant for both modifications of the car.

Domestic "sixes" in practice are cars that have shown themselves to be quite reliable in terms of electrics. However, if problems arise in the operation of the electrical part, they must be solved as quickly as possible. In this article we will tell you what the charging circuit of a VAZ 2106 car is, what malfunctions can be in its operation and how to fix them.

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Charging scheme "Six"

The scheme on the VAZ 2106 includes the following components:

• generator device with excitation winding;
• diode rectifier bridge, which is part of the generator design;
• voltage regulator, which can be either mechanical or electronic;
• battery charge lamp;
• relay of this indicator.

The VAZ 2106 charging circuit is activated when the ignition is turned on. When the engine is running, the battery is recharged by the generator set, which in turn is driven by the crankshaft. The rectifier device, which is equipped with any generator, is designed to convert voltage to DC. After that, the regulator comes into operation, thanks to which the voltage level in the network fluctuates around 13.5-14.3 volts. To date, the "sixes" usually use electronic regulators, characterized by a longer service life.

When the driver turns the key in the ignition switch, a current appears on the relay contacts, as a result of which the battery charging lamp on the instrument panel begins to blink. The lamp is on until the engine starts - when the power unit is started, the current is generated at the output of the generator mechanism.

Reasons for the loss of charging and their elimination

If 2106 began to work less reliably, it is necessary to diagnose the electrical circuit. To do this, you may need a tester (voltmeter or multimeter).

If there is no charge on the VAZ 2106, the reasons may be the following:

• the VAZ 2106 battery may light up when the engine is running, if the belt of the generator device is worn out or its tension is very weak;
• malfunctions lie in the mechanism itself - the generator brushes could wear out, the diode bridge, armature could fail, the coils could also burn out;
• if there is no battery charging, the reason may be a failed voltage regulator;
• the reason why the indicator may light up may be an open circuit.

As practice shows, one of the most common malfunctions is a broken relay. To diagnose its performance, it will be necessary to dismantle the wires from the element and short them together - this should start the motor. If all other components of the system are operational, then the voltage in this area should be 17 volts or higher. In the event that this parameter does not increase, it will be necessary to check if there is voltage at the terminal that is connected to the terminals of the 15th relay (it should be +12 volts here). If the parameter is absent, you need to diagnose the safety element that is responsible for the circuit, if the fuse is working, then you need to check the circuit itself (the author of the video is the WORLD OF USEFUL TIPS channel).

If there is power at the terminal, while the indicator continues to light up on the tidy, then the contacts in the excitation circuit of the mechanism should be diagnosed. To do this, you will need to connect a light bulb between the positive terminal of the battery and the cable connected to the output 67 of the regulatory component. You will be able to diagnose the wiring at the relay-generator section, and the check will also show whether the brushes of the mechanism and the windings of the so-called armature are operational. If there is no current here, most likely, the problem must be sought in the rectifier bridge.

The next step in the diagnostics will be to check the performance of the conductor from the generator unit. For diagnostics, you will need to disconnect the terminal from the mechanism, connect it with a -12 V battery. If the control light is on, then this indicates problems in the operation of the brushes or a broken armature. If you think that the problem lies precisely in the generator device, then it must be dismantled and a more detailed check and analysis should be carried out. All damaged items must be replaced.

As mentioned above, with the engine running, the mains voltage should be between 13.5 and 14.3 volts. If, when driving at low speeds, the VAZ battery charging light is on, then it disappears, while the engine power periodically decreases, in which case you need to check the strap. It is likely that it will need to be tightened and adjusted.

Much less often, but still it happens that the cause of such a problem is poor contact at the battery terminals. In the event that the voltage level on the battery is higher than necessary, it is necessary to diagnose the contacts in the area from the positive terminal to the regulatory element. If you find that all contacts are normal, then you need to replace the relay itself.

If there is no charging on the VAZ-2107, then the entire on-board network is powered by the battery. In this case, the generator will not work at all. But the disadvantage of a rechargeable battery is that it is not durable. And if a breakdown of the generator or its charge circuit suddenly occurs, the malfunction must be fixed as soon as possible. Otherwise, you risk continuing to move on a tow truck or tow. In order to deal with the reason for the lack of charging, you need to know at least the theory of how a generator set works on a car.

What is a generator

In order to start the engine and ensure its correct operation, it is necessary to provide the entire electrical system with constant voltage. Speaking specifically about why there is no charging on the VAZ-2107, then you need to take into account that this car needs a voltage of 12 V. The car is started by a starter - this is a high-power electric motor that spins the crankshaft. The generator does not run when the engine is idle.

As soon as the crankshaft starts to rotate, voltage is supplied to the excitation winding of the generator from the battery. The generator can only work if there is a rotational movement of the magnetic field. And if there is no charging on the VAZ-2107, then there is either no voltage on the rotor winding, or rotation. The magnetic field is created by the excitation winding, which is located on the rotor. There is a pulley on it, which is connected to the crankshaft by a ribbed belt (on injection cars) and a wedge-shaped (on carburetor) with the crankshaft.

Voltage regulator

And most importantly, the VAZ-2107 charging lamp is connected to the excitation winding through a voltage regulator. The latter allows you to maintain the voltage at the same level - within 13.6-14.2 V. The design of the regulator can be absolutely any, there are such designs:

1. Mechanical - work on electromagnetic relays.
2. Electromechanical - work on electromagnetic relays and a kind of combined circuit.
3. Electronic controllers - consist of a single crystal, on which the switching circuit is made. In fact, this is one big power switch that allows switching to maintain the required voltage level.

Breakdowns leading to loss of charge

But now let's figure out why charging can disappear on the generator. VAZ-2107 has a simple design, there is nothing complicated in the power supply system.

Major breakdowns:

1. Voltage regulator failure.
2. Broken alternator drive belt.
3. Poor contact or breakage of the wires supplying the excitation winding.

In order to restore the operability of the generator set, you need to figure out what causes the breakdown may be. If there is no charging on the VAZ-2107, you need to carefully diagnose.

How to understand that there is no charging

The first sign that the charge is gone is the lamp on the instrument panel. The arrow of the voltmeter may not respond (if, of course, there is one on the car). But the most reliable way to determine a breakdown is to check the voltage directly at the generator terminals.

When the engine is running, the voltage should be 13.6-14.2 V. In the event that the battery is not charging, the voltage will be 12 V or lower. In order to avoid damage to the voltage regulator, it is impossible to remove the terminals from the battery while the engine is running.

It should be noted that too high or low voltage is harmful to the battery. It is either completely discharged (this leads to the fact that it is not possible to start the engine, since the starter does not rotate), or it is recharged (at the same time, the electrolyte boils out of the cans). Of course, all these negative phenomena will lead to the fact that the battery will fail.

What is needed for repair?

In the event that the charge on the VAZ-2107 has disappeared, you need to start repairs as soon as possible. It is impossible to carry all the tools and equipment with you, but the minimum set is still worth having in the glove compartment or trunk.

More specifically, you need to have the following set of tools:

1. A device for measuring voltage (multimeter).
2. Lamp 12 volts and a power of not more than 3 watts.
3. Screwdrivers - flat and Phillips.
4. Knife stationery for cleaning wires.
5. Pliers.
6. Sandpaper.

With all this set of tools, you can begin to repair. Fortunately, on the VAZ-2107 with your own hands, doing this is quite simple.

Troubleshooting

The first thing to do is check the alternator drive belt tension. Let's look at the main reasons why charging on the VAZ-2107 may disappear. The reasons can actually be anything - even a simple broken belt. Over time, it wears out and becomes unusable. On the "sevens" the belt also drives the coolant pump. And if the belt suddenly breaks, this can be seen by the fact that the temperature of the antifreeze in the engine block will instantly increase.

In the event that the control light is not on in the dashboard, and the voltage in the on-board network is at a normal level, but there is still no charge, you can look for the cause of this phenomenon in the terminals and contacts that connect the wires. Remove the battery terminals to clean them. Very often they are covered with a layer of oxides that interfere with the conduction of current. The result is a large voltage drop. Quite often, the malfunction lies not even in the charging wires themselves, but in the bus that connects the body, the engine block and the negative terminal of the battery.

More complex breakdowns

In the event that when the engine is running in the on-board network, the voltage is in the normal range, but when the load increases, it immediately drops, then we can say that the alternator belt is tensioned very weakly. Quite often, at low speeds, the belt even begins to whistle. It should be noted that under normal belt tension, the sag should be no more than 17 mm. Moreover, the force should be no more than 10 kgf. In the event that the belt is very loose, it must be tightened. If it fails to tighten, a new one should be installed.

But you can not tighten the belt too much - this will lead to the fact that excessive load will act on the bearings. This will lead to damage to the bearings of the pump, generator. Quite often, the cause of the loss of charging is the breakdown of one or more diodes of the rectifier bridge. It also happens that the winding of the rotor or stator breaks through. To check these elements, you need to completely disassemble the generator set.

Generator Diagnostics

In order to check the diodes, you need to use a multimeter or test lamp. With a multimeter, you can measure the resistance of semiconductors in the off state. In order to diagnose devices using a lamp, you need to disconnect the positive terminal from the battery. One wire must be connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the second - to the three bolts of the rectifier diodes.

After that, you need to do a similar operation with the negative terminal turned off (and the positive one turned on). In the event that the lamp starts to light up, this may indicate that the corresponding diodes are broken. The best option is to install a new block of diodes. But it is possible, in order to save money, to replace only those that are out of order.

The main condition for the repair is to do everything carefully. The current passes through this node is large, therefore, weak insulation will lead to the formation of a spark gap, which will cause failure not only of semiconductors, but also of the generator windings. If charging is on on the VAZ-2107, then this may indicate that one of several nodes has failed.

Malfunctions in the electrical part of the VAZ 2106 occur infrequently, the car is very simple and reliable in a number of ways. However, problems that arise in the electrician require immediate diagnosis and elimination. The VAZ 2106 charging circuit is quite simple and does not require an expensive diagnostic and repair tool. Nevertheless, it is necessary to know its main components, be able to find the causes of a malfunction and eliminate them in time.

Charging scheme for a VAZ 2106 car

The VAZ 2106 charging circuit consists of a fairly small number of parts:

• three-phase synchronous generator with excitation winding;
• diode rectifier (packaged in one housing with a generator);
• accumulator battery;
• relay-voltage regulator (mechanical or electronic);
• charging indicator lamp relay;
• battery charging indicator light.

The generator is driven from the crankshaft by means of a V-belt transmission. The rectifier built into the generator converts its current into direct current. Further, the voltage regulator relay maintains its value in the range from 13.5 to 14.3 V. The old-type relay regulators worked on the principle of mechanical closing-opening of contacts depending on the generator voltage. Such devices required additional adjustment during operation.

The modern circuit of the VAZ 2106 charging relay has an electronic voltage regulator, completely built on discrete elements, and does not require additional intervention in its work throughout its entire service life. However, the use of such devices requires additional security measures. So, when the engine is running, it is forbidden to remove the terminals from the battery in order to avoid damage to the new type of relay-regulators.

The pilot lamp relay, which provides an indication when the battery charging voltage is lost, is a conventional electromagnetic relay with normally closed contacts. One terminal of the relay coil through the ignition switch is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The other pin is connected to the +12V output of the generator. Normally closed relay contacts are respectively connected to the +12 V battery (through the ignition switch contacts), and to the signal lamp.

When the key is turned, the battery voltage appears on the relay contacts and the charging presence lamp lights up. When the engine is running, the voltage appears at the output of the generator, which is fed to the outputs of the electromagnetic relay. When a value of about 7.5 V is reached, the magnetic field of the solenoid increases so much that it attracts the armature, and the contacts through which the charging lamp receives voltage from the battery open. In this case, the signal lamp goes out.

Elimination of the reasons for the loss of charging on the VAZ 2106

To check the electrical circuit of a car, you must have a simple multimeter or voltmeter. The most common causes of loss of charging voltage are:

• too weak tension of the alternator belt or its wear;
• generator malfunction (brush wear, diode bridge malfunction, breakage or burnout of stator or armature coils);
• voltage regulator malfunction;
• break in the charging circuit.

The most common cause of loss of charge is a faulty voltage relay. In order to check its performance, it will be enough to remove both wires from it, connect it together, start the engine. Provided that all other elements of the circuit are good, the voltage in the circuit will reach about 17 V or more. If the voltage does not increase, then it is necessary to check the presence of +12 V at the terminal connected to terminal 15 of the relay-regulator. If it is absent, check the fuse responsible for the circuit and the very integrity of this circuit.

If there is power at this terminal, then you need to check the connections in the excitation circuit of the generator. Connect a test lamp between the +12 V battery and the wire that is connected to terminal 67 of the voltage regulator relay. Thus, it is possible to check the voltage relay-generator circuit, as well as the serviceability of the generator brushes and the windings of its armature. In the absence of voltage at the terminals of the lamp, an assumption is made about a malfunction of the rectifier bridge.

Next, check the health of the conductor from the generator to the relay-regulator. For such a check, it is necessary to disconnect the terminal from the generator and connect it to -12 V. The glow of the control lamp indicates faulty brushes or a break in the armature windings. If a generator malfunction is suspected, it is removed from the car and a complete disassembly is performed. Next, the serviceability of each diode in the diode bridge of the generator is checked, the stator and armature coils are checked for breakage or burnout. Faulty items are repaired or replaced.

The VAZ 2106 battery charging circuit provides for a constant voltage from 13.5 to 14.3 V, regardless of engine speed. However, there are times when, at medium engine speeds, the voltage noticeably “sags” when an additional load is turned on. If such a phenomenon occurs, it is necessary to check the tension of the alternator belt and adjust it. Weak contact at the battery terminals sometimes also leads to this effect.

If the voltage at the battery terminals is higher than the specified limits, it is necessary to check all the contacts, starting from the positive battery terminal to the voltage regulator relay. If all contacts are normal, then the relay-regulator must be replaced.

Timely care of the electrical equipment of the car, the condition of the contacts and terminals of the battery, regular checks of the belt tension and electrolyte level in the battery will allow your car engine to work for a long time and without problems, and you will avoid many malfunctions on the road.

For problem-free operation of the car, you need to make sure that the battery must be fully charged. If you notice that there is no battery charging on the VAZ 2107, the problem must be fixed as soon as possible. Especially if you have to drive a car often at night and in winter. At this time, the discharge is much faster. Otherwise, you will definitely have to use the help of a tow truck or a tug.

Reasons for not charging

When the ignition is turned on, the battery charge regulator is energized, and the rotating generator generates current. In the vase, the voltage in the network is maintained at the level of 13.6-14.1 volts. Regardless of the number of engine revolutions, the output voltage remains unchanged, the VAZ 2107 charging relay is responsible for this function. The device controls the excitation of the armature winding, thereby changing the output voltage level.

Based on this, the reasons for the lack of charging may be as follows:

• The alternator belt broke;
• Weak belt;
• The generator, excitation circuit is broken or there is poor contact between them;
• The problem is in the relay-regulator;
• Faulty anchor (rotor) of the generator.

How to determine the level of charge?

Primary control of the charge level on the VAZ 2107 is carried out by devices on the panel: a control lamp and a voltmeter. If the charge is normal, the index arrow will be in the green area, and the control lamp should go out when the engine is running.

To more accurately check the voltage level, you need a voltmeter. As mentioned earlier, the correct charge is 13.6 - 14.1 volts.

You can purchase a special automotive electronic voltmeter or combined with a clock. Installed both instead of regular hours and on the dashboard.

Preparing for Troubleshooting

When a problem is found, we proceed to the diagnosis. First, let's prepare the tools.

List of tools:

• Multimeter (voltmeter);
• Emery skin or needle file;
• Knife;
• pliers;
• 12 volt control lamp (control).

Let's start repairing

There can be several reasons for the lack of battery power. The instructions below are quite universal and suitable for any occasion.

Troubleshooting algorithm:

1. First of all, we check the serviceability of the belt and its tension. If it is damaged or loose, the charge will be less than normal and eventually lead to battery failure. The belt is also partly responsible for the operation of the cooling pump, so damage to the belt can cause other problems as well.

The problem can be identified by the sign when, with the engine running, the voltage in the power circuit is within normal limits, but immediately after the load is connected, it disappears. Another sign of a weak belt may be the appearance of a whistle. It can appear immediately after starting the motor or when turning on large current consumers, such as lights.

This must be corrected, since a poorly tensioned belt slips during operation of the mechanism, which accelerates its wear. It must be tightened to a deflection level of 12 - 17 millimeters with a pressure of 10 kgf, or replaced with a new one;

You can check the relay by applying battery voltage to it up to 12 volts and connecting a multimeter to the brushes. There should be tension. Next, you need to apply a voltage of 16 - 18 volts to the relay. There should be nothing on the brushes;

Worse, when a diode breakdown occurs, then there is no voltage drop, but this has a detrimental effect on the battery. An alternating voltage enters the power supply circuit of the machine, which leads to the boiling of the battery, the destruction of the plates and a decrease in its service life.

1. If the charging of the VAZ 2107 battery does not light up, or rather, the control lamp on the instrument panel, despite the fact that the voltmer shows normal voltage and there is no charge against the background of all this, then the problem lies in the contact at the terminals. To fix this, you need to disconnect the wire and clean it with sandpaper or a file and check the integrity of the wire from the battery to the generator.
2. Another reason why the battery charge lamp does not light at all is a break in the armature winding. It can be determined only after disassembling the generator and measuring the winding for an open, with a control or a multimeter.

Below is a diagram of charging a VAZ 2107 battery:

VAZ battery charging circuit

Sometimes it disappears not because of an electrical malfunction, but because of the weather. The problematic time is spring and autumn, when charging disappears when moving through puddles, up to the light bulb. It does not recover immediately, but after a while, even in a few minutes. The reason for this is the ingress of water on the belt, while the protection will not help.

The charge loss time depends on the wear of the belt and its tension. Naturally, the tighter the belt is, the better. If you install DRL, then the load on the generator will become less and the current drop will not be so significant.