Where can I restore the battery. Restoring the battery with a short current pulse of large magnitude

03.04.2019

The process of restoring car batteries in detail

Like all things, a battery has a limited lifespan. In the case of lead-acid batteries, which we will talk about the restoration of, the service life is an average of 3-4 years. Often car owners just buy new battery if the old one starts to fail. At the same time, there are malfunctions in which the battery's performance can be restored and used for some more time. Let's look at the main causes of battery failure and methods for their recovery.

This article will talk about lead acid batteries. About that, you can read the link. Battery failures can be divided into two groups: external and internal.

External

The following are external faults and how to fix them:

The plastic case of the battery is damaged. Such damage (crack, hole) can be caused both by external influences and as a result of processes in the battery itself (swelling, overheating, etc.). Here you need to understand that in the case of large holes, repairs should not be done and it is better to buy a new battery. And if the crack is small, then you can repair it using plastic and a soldering iron. Before carrying out work, all electrolyte is drained. When the crack is closed, you need to fill new electrolyte and charge the battery
The battery terminals are oxidized. Here the task of recovery is much easier. It is only necessary to clean the layer of oxides with fine sandpaper and a rag. It is a good idea to carry out the same operation on the terminals of the connected wires. After that, you can lubricate the terminals with a small amount of machine oil.

As you can see, among internal faults The battery is successfully eliminated only by sulfation. Moreover, if it is not in an advanced stage. Therefore, we will look at several ways to restore the battery in the event of sulfation. lead plates. But first, let's list what we may need to work:

Fresh electrolyte;
Distilled water;
Battery charger;
Hydrometer (measurement of electrolyte density);
Protective equipment (glasses, gloves);
Desulfating additive and some other chemicals.

How to repair a car battery with sulfation

The first step is to inspect the battery. To do this, drain the electrolyte and rinse the jars with distilled water. After that, swipe visual inspection. If the plates in the banks are damaged or crumbled, then the restoration of such a battery is impractical. If there is no external damage, then fresh electrolyte is poured and carried out (dissolution of lead sulfates on the plates).

Car battery recovery using CTC

CTC stands for Control and Training Cycle. Carrying out this event helps to restore the capacity and eliminate sulfation when it has not yet started. The process is a series of battery charge-discharge cycles. In addition to the charger, you will need a hydrometer (electrolyte density control), a voltmeter (voltage control) and a light bulb (or other source of consumption).

Fully charged first battery.

Don't forget to remove the caps from the battery cans! The charging current should be set to 10 percent of the nominal battery capacity. So, for common 55 Ah batteries, the charge current should be no higher than 5.5 amperes.

Charging takes 6-8 hours. By the end of the process, the voltage at the terminals increases, and the battery no longer perceives the charge.

At the end of charging, measure the electrolyte density in all banks with a hydrometer. The density of the electrolyte in a fully charged battery should be 1.27 g/cm. cube If the density is less or more, then add sulfuric acid or distilled water, respectively. After dilution, the battery is charged for 30 minutes. During this time, the electrolyte is mixed.

Electrolyte density table

Below is a table of electrolyte density and related battery characteristics:

			The degree of battery charge,%
Electrolyte density, g/cm. cube (+15 gr. Celsius)	Voltage, V (in the absence of load)	Voltage, V (with a load of 100 A)	The degree of battery charge,%	Freezing point of electrolyte, gr. Celsius
1,11	11,7	8,4	0	-7
1,12	11,76	8,54	6	-8
1,13	11,82	8,68	12,56	-9
1,14	11,88	8,84	19	-11
1,15	11,94	9	25	-13
1,16	12	9,14	31	-14
1,17	12,06	9,3	37,5	-16
1,18	12,12	9,46	44	-18
1,19	12,18	9,6	50	-24
1,2	12,24	9,74	56	-27
1,21	12,3	9,9	62,5	-32
1,22	12,36	10,06	69	-37
1,23	12,42	10,2	75	-42
1,24	12,48	10,34	81	-46
1,25	12,54	10,5	87,5	-50
1,26	12,6	10,66	94	-55
1,27	12,66	10,8	100	-60

After that, you need to discharge the battery. This requires a suitable source of energy consumption. The easiest way is to choose a light bulb for power. Of course, if there is a memory ( Charger) with a discharge function, then you can discharge the battery with it.

How to calculate the wattage of a light bulb? We take the value of the current strength in the amount of 10 percent of the capacity of our battery. That is, at 55 Ah it will be 5.5 amperes. This value is multiplied by 12 volts and we get 66 watts. Such a power we need a light bulb.

We connect the consumption source to the battery terminals and leave it until it is completely discharged, that is, until the voltage drops to 10.2–10.6 V. More about. If the battery has not lost capacity, then the discharge time with the above parameters will be about ten hours. The shorter this time, the greater the capacity loss.

After discharging the battery, you must immediately put it on charge and so on for several cycles. As a result of the procedure, the sulfation of the plates decreases, the internal resistance of the battery decreases and the capacity increases. Thus, the car battery is restored with slight sulfation.

Recovery car battery in multiple charge mode

The current is set at 0.04 of the nominal capacity of the battery. Charging time is approximately 8 hours. Then there is a break for 12-16 hours. Breaks are made in order to equalize the potentials inside and on the surface of the lead plates. In this case, a denser electrolyte diffuses into the space between the electrodes.

Then the battery charging cycle starts again. Such charge-discharge cycles can be carried out up to 5. As the capacity increases, the density of the electrolyte will increase. Monitor this value and dilute it with distilled water if necessary. We also recommend reading about.

The performance of a vehicle is highly dependent on technical condition battery. Once it is discharged or fails, and it becomes very difficult to operate the machine. Constantly pushing or pulling a vehicle in tow is not an option. Since replacing a power source is not cheap, the natural question arises of how to restore a car battery in an ordinary garage. Often, life extension is quite real.

About the design of acid batteries

On vehicles 3 types of batteries are used - gel, alkaline and lead-acid. The first ones are considered relatively new, they are used infrequently and have not yet accumulated enough resources to talk about restoration. Alkaline batteries are found on commercial transport, electric forklifts and karakh. Overwhelming majority passenger cars equipped acid batteries, so their resuscitation should be considered in more detail.

Lead- acid battery is a sealed plastic case, where the following elements are placed:

positive electrodes (anodes) in the form of lead plates with an active filler, assembled into blocks (in jargon - cans);
negative electrodes (cathodes) of identical design;
separators - insulating partitions made of polymeric materials or fiberglass;
connecting tires ending with two terminals for connecting the battery to the automobile electrical network;
electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid.

Negative and positive electrodes are installed alternately, separators are placed between them to avoid short circuits. In the process of charging the battery, a chemical reaction occurs, which is why lead dioxide is deposited on the surface of the anodes - energy is accumulated.

After connecting consumers, the dioxide reacts with the lead of the cathodes, forming a layer of lead sulfate on the negative electrodes - energy is released. The gases released as a result of the reaction go outside through the valve and the vent.

Common Battery Failures

Restoring a car battery is not always possible and depends on the type of malfunction. The type of battery also plays a role:

the serviced battery is equipped with plugs installed on top of each can;
maintenance-free power supply features a one-piece plastic case - a monoblock without plugs.

If there are screw caps, you can check and correct or drain the liquid for repair. A sealed monoblock is reanimated in one way - by charging according to a certain algorithm, but a positive result is not guaranteed.

Battery failures are conditionally divided into 2 groups - external and internal. Each variety should be analyzed separately.

Elimination of external defects

During the operation of batteries, motorists have to deal with two external malfunctions: oxidation of lead terminals and cracks in the case. The latter arise for the following reasons:

hull ruptured as a result mechanical damage(for example, falling battery);
swelling of a discharged battery, located in severe frost;
The plastic has become brittle with age.

Oxidation of the terminals prevents reliable contact of the source with onboard network and often causes starter failure. The defect is “cured” by a simple cleaning with a large sandpaper, in advanced cases - a small file. In a similar way, the oxide layer is removed from contacts that are placed on the terminals and screwed on with bolts.

If a crack has formed in the housing, repair maintenance-free battery will not come out - there are no holes for emptying and filling the electrolyte. A battery equipped with plugs is repaired as follows:

Drain all cans of electrolytic fluid and rinse the inside of the case with distilled water so that the hot tool does not come into contact with acid when soldering.
Dry the case from the side of the crack, then carefully solder it along the entire length.
Cut out a patch of plastic and weld it over the crack, sealing the seams without gaps.
Another option is to use a glue gun. The defect needs to be slightly expanded, filled with a polymer composition, and then a patch is applied.

When finished, check the battery for leaks by filling it to the top with distilled water. If there are no leaks, fill the battery with electrolyte and try to charge. If the plate blocks are not damaged, the battery will "take" the charge and continue to serve on the car.

Note. If the case is cracked due to swelling or advanced age of the product, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to revive the battery by soldering the defect. The exact result will be shown only by charging performed after the crack is closed.

Internal problems

Most internal faults will definitely destroy the battery if the problem is discovered too late. In the early stages, resuscitation is quite possible. The list of common problems looks like this:

sulfation of electrodes - deposition on the plates of a thick layer of lead sulfate, which does not allow the electrolytic liquid to contact normally with the active filler;
shedding of filler from lead gratings;
short circuit of electrodes and blocks among themselves.

Reference. Short circuit of the plates - a consequence of shedding a large number active filler from gratings. The defect is critical - the battery cannot be restored.

The causes of these malfunctions are as follows:

multiple full discharge lead acid battery"to zero";
power supply operation with low level charging due to a malfunction of the generator or the electrical part of the car;
long-term storage in a discharged state.

If the problem is detected at the last stage - deep sulfation, total shedding - it will not be possible to reanimate the car battery. An irreparable defect is diagnosed simply - the battery absolutely does not accept charging, the electrolyte constantly boils. In other cases, try to implement the battery restoration methods described below.

How to get rid of sulfation?

The first troubleshooting method is only suitable for serviced batteries. For implementation, you will need a charger, a device - an electrolyte density meter (hydrometer), a multimeter and a light bulb - a 12 V consumer.

Important! The lamp power is taken according to this calculation: the battery capacity (for example, 45 Ah) is multiplied by a factor of 0.1 and by the voltage value (12 volts). IN this case power was 45 x 0.1 x 12 = 54 watts.

Restoration of a faulty battery is carried out in the following order:

Fully charge the battery with a current equal to 10% of the power source capacity.
Check the density value in all jars with a hydrometer, it should be 1.27 units. If the density does not reach the indicated figure, add electrolyte and charge the battery for 30 minutes.
Connect a lamp to the terminals and discharge the battery, periodically measuring the voltage. Don't forget to note the start time of discharge.
When the voltage drops to 10.2 volts (full discharge), turn off the bulb. If the process took more than 8 hours, the battery is in an acceptable state (the discharge rate of a new battery is approximately 10 hours).
When finished, charge the battery to 100% again and put it on the car. Do not keep the power supply completely discharged.

The procedure allows you to partially or completely restore the lost battery capacity. To restore a battery with a maintenance-free case, use a different technique:

Look for a charger capable of delivering low currents - from 0.5 to 2 A with a periodic shutdown function.
Charge the battery for at least 2 days, periodically measuring the voltage.
Disconnect the charger and check the voltage for 2 hours. If it does not fall, try to put the battery on the car, otherwise charge further.

To achieve a positive result, the charging time can be 50 hours or more. It is preferable to use a charger that has a desulfation function - it will supply a current of 2 A at certain intervals.

Chemical Wash Method

This procedure is used to eliminate sulfation and quickly restore a serviced battery at home. You will need 2 commercially available reagents - Trilon B and an ammonia solution. The procedure is as follows:

Try to fully charge the battery, then drain all the electrolyte.
Rinse the battery with distilled water.
Prepare a solution by adding 5% ammonia and 2% Trilon B to the distillate (by volume of water).
Carefully pour the solution into the jars - a violent reaction will begin, accompanied by boiling and splashing.
When the liquid stops boiling, drain it and re-flush the battery.

After flushing, fill in the electrolyte and charge the battery again to the end. Flushing removes the excess lead sulfate layer, so battery capacity should be restored.

The last way to remove lead sulfate is to replace the electrolyte fluid with distilled water and charge at 14 volts for a long time. At the first stage, the battery is brought to a boil, then the voltage is reduced. The goal is to slowly dissolve sulfate in water. At the second stage, the distillate is changed, and the charging voltage and current are set to a minimum. The operation is considered successful if the density of the solution does not fall within 2-3 days. The duration of the procedure can take 3-4 weeks.

launch automotive engines and others power plants carried out by a starter, which is a special Electrical engine. To create a starting torque, it needs electricity obtained from external source- battery. However, over time during use, the battery may experience various faults, and then the owners have a question how to restore the battery. This task is solved different ways, depending on the design and technical condition of the battery, using special equipment and tool.

Acid battery device

The main function of the battery is to briefly supply powerful power to the starter, which ensures the start of various power plants. For a short time, the battery supplies electricity to all on-board instruments before starting the engine, after which the power to them begins to be generated by the generator. Two types of devices are produced for cars - acid and alkaline battery. Recovery activities most often relate to the first option, which will be discussed in more detail as an example.

All batteries have enough robust design However, despite this, damage and malfunctions still occur due to improper maintenance or inaccurate operation. If the acid battery is old, then there is no point in repairing it. As a rule, restoration measures are carried out in relation to relatively new batteries. To do this, you need to have a good understanding of the design of these devices.

Any battery is placed in a closed plastic case, from which two plus and minus terminals come out. The design assumes the possibility of servicing the battery or the model is maintenance-free. In the first case, there are holes in the upper part of the body that are closed with plugs. In the second case, the data structural elements are absent, except for one small hole through which gases are discharged. Such devices have improved characteristics.

The internal space of the case is divided into 6 parts, called sections or banks. They are filled with working elements - lead plates with a positive or negative value, on which the active substance is applied. The battery plates are arranged alternately so that the plus alternates with the minus. Between them there is a separator, which excludes the possibility of accidental contact. The plates are connected into common blocks, each of which has an output jumper connected to the bridge. Thus, all elements are connected into a single bridge and output to the terminals.

The principle of operation of the battery

The formation and transfer of electricity in the battery is carried out by chemical reactions. For this purpose, an electrolyte is poured into each jar, which is a solution in which acid and distilled water are mixed in strictly defined doses.

The battery cannot generate electricity on its own, it only receives it from outside sources and saves for a certain time. During charging, electricity is supplied to the terminals, after which it is converted into chemical energy. When discharging, the battery enters reverse process when chemical energy is converted into electrical current.

When a load is connected to the battery, a reaction begins between the spongy lead on the negative plates, the lead dioxide on the positive plate, and the electrolyte. As a result, electricity is released, which is then used for its intended purpose. At the same time, the negative plates are covered with a layer of lead sulfate. During battery charging, the whole process occurs in reverse order, after which the sulfate is dissolved in the electrolyte, and the positive plates are covered with a layer of lead dioxide.

Basic battery problems

The positive and negative plates of the battery are placed in a closed plastic container, inside which an electrolyte is poured, which is a solution of hydrochloric acid. Together with lead plates, it forms the so-called galvanic couple. The terminals receive current from the generator or charger. When it accumulates in enough The battery itself turns into a source of electricity.

Losses of electricity spent on start-up and other needs are replenished using a generator. However, after a certain time, the accumulated reserves become insufficient for normal operation. During operation, aging of the plates occurs. In some cases, the battery can be reanimated. But for this, it is first necessary to establish the exact cause. non-working state battery to restore the car battery at home.

Most often, the battery fails due to sulfation of lead electrodes. In the case of deep discharge, the crystals do not have time to dissolve. In addition, sulfation occurs due to regular undercharging and prolonged storage of the battery in a state of complete discharge. It is easily determined visually, just unscrew the plugs and look at the plates, covered with a light brown coating.

In other cases, in the presence of sulfation, the battery begins to boil quickly when charged, when fully charged, it does not rotate the starter motor and sits down within a few minutes even under the slightest load. The case is covered with a white coating and it is already problematic to return to its original state.

Another wide known cause battery failure consists in the destruction of the plates and their further shedding. Main outward sign is the black color of the electrolyte. In the event of the destruction of many gratings, the repair of such a battery becomes impossible and it can no longer be restored.

Battery failure is often associated with the short circuit of the plates located nearby. They deform or crumble, and sediment forms on the bottom of the case, causing the closure of one of the sections. In this case, the electrolyte in this bank does not boil during charging, or boiling occurs very slowly. The voltage does not rise at all or rises very weakly. In this case, it is not known whether the device can be returned to its initial state.

Sometimes the battery fails due to freezing of the electrolyte. This happens when the battery is in the cold in a state of severe discharge. If the hull is torn apart by ice, then the plates most likely also deformed and closed. With a whole case, the battery should be thawed in a warm place and then try to solve the problem of how to restore the battery.

Before starting repairs, the housing must be cleaned. Dirt is removed from its surface, after which it is washed with a soda solution in order to neutralize the electrolyte. The terminals are cleaned of plaque with medium sandpaper. Sometimes, after cleaning the terminals, the battery immediately partially restores its performance.

Desulfation by CTC

As a result of sulfation, lead sulphate is deposited on the surfaces of the plates, which prevents the penetration of the electrolyte into the depth of the active mass. For this reason, some part of the mass no longer takes part in the chemical reaction. Therefore, an increase in internal resistance is observed in the battery, due to which the capacity drops. The battery cannot be fully charged and loses its charge very quickly.

One of the main methods for solving the problem is how to restore car battery, is considered a control-training cycle, with the help of which sulfation can be eliminated at an early stage, and the capacity of the battery is restored. The essence of the method is charging and discharging, which are performed in a single cycle. It is necessary to prepare in advance the charger, voltmeter, hydrometer, consumer as a load and you can restore performance.

First, the battery is fully charged. For this, a current strength of 10% of the nominal battery capacity is used. That is, a 60 amp-hour battery will require a current of 6 amps. At the end of charging, the density of the electrolyte is checked in all banks, which should normally be 1.27. If the indicator is less than the nominal, it is necessary to increase the density to right level and charge the battery for another half an hour to mix the electrolyte.

Next, a control discharge is performed using a load connected to the terminals. In this case, the consumed electricity is no more than 10% of the battery capacity. During the discharge process, periodic voltage measurements are performed, which should decrease at the terminals to 10.2V. This indicator corresponds to the full discharge of the device. At the same time, you need to monitor the discharge time. A new battery takes about 10 hours to do this. Shorter discharge time corresponds to greater loss battery capacity. Thus, the problem of how to restore the car battery is solved.

The battery must not be left discharged for too long. After a complete discharge, it should be immediately put on charge until the charge is fully restored. As a result of this operation, the capacity is restored, and the internal resistance of the battery decreases after a decrease in sulfation.

Electrolyte replacement

Sometimes the electrolyte contained in the jars becomes cloudy and turns black. In this case, it needs to be replaced. This condition is typical for short circuits or old batteries that have not been used for a long time. One of the ways to restore a car battery is to replace the electrolyte.

The spoiled liquid must be drained by pulling it out with a rubber bulb. It is recommended to pump out the electrolyte not only from the spoiled, but also from all other cans.

Distilled water is poured into empty cans, after which the battery case needs to be shaken a little and drained. The battery must not be turned over, otherwise sediment particles may get stuck between the plates. The procedure is repeated several times until the drained water is clean.

An electrolyte with a density of 1.28 is poured and settled for a day until all the air comes out from the inside.
Charging with a current of 0.1 A until the density is fully restored. The electrolyte should not boil much, and the case should not get very hot. If necessary, charging is interrupted to allow the liquid to cool. The battery should charge up to 14-15 volts.
After checking the hydrometer readings, the current decreases and remains for another 2 hours. If the density during this time has remained at the same level, charging can be stopped.

Using a current of 0.5 amperes, the old battery is discharged to 10 volts. When the voltage reaches this mark in less than 8 hours, the entire previous cycle should be repeated. If everything is normal, the battery is charged to its nominal value.

Every motorist knows how important the correct operation of the battery is for the functioning of the entire mechanism. Exactly lead acid batteries are used as starter devices for passenger cars.

In this article we will talk about the device and the principle of operation of the battery, we will also talk about battery diagnostics, the most common problems and how to restore it.

The device and principle of operation of the battery

The body of the product is expelled from propylene, this material was chosen for two main reasons:

Does not conduct current
Not destroyed by acid

One device includes six interconnected batteries. A separate battery combines negative and positive electrodes (lead alloy is taken for their manufacture, for negative electrodes- lead-calcium composition), filled with active mass.

The isolation of layers of opposite charge is provided by a separator made of plastic. In order to improve corrosion resistance, lead-calcium alloy for electrodes can be diluted with silver or tin.

The active mass of the negative electrodes consists of spongy lead, positive - of lead dioxide.

There are two types of batteries:

with liquid electrolyte.
So special material pre-impregnated with a non-liquid electrolyte.

Today, the most common batteries with liquid electrolyte.

The principle of operation is based on the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy during charging, while discharging the reverse action takes place - chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.

The battery discharge occurs as a result of connecting consumers: the active mass of the electrodes (negative and positive) interacts with the electrolyte.

As a result, lead sulfate is generated with water and the electrolyte density level drops. When the alternator is working properly, it charges the battery while the engine is running.

Also, the battery can be charged with a special device, as a result of the charge, lead sulfate and water turn into lead, lead dioxide and sulfuric acid, thus increasing the density level.

Note! Charging must be carried out according to the recommended electrical voltage, in case of violation this rule operation, the service life of the device may become significantly less than specified.
As a result of high voltage, the electrolyte level drops, low voltage may cause the battery to not fully charge. In general, the battery life is about five years, it all depends on the conditions in which the device is operated.

Device parameters:

Rated capacity. This indicator is measured in ampere-hours (Ah), depends on the output energy of a charged device during discharge (20 hours). For example, a device with a volume of 50 Ah delivers a current of 2.5 A for twenty hours.
The rated voltage consists of the voltage of the individual batteries, at passenger car is 12 V.
The cold crank current indicator indicates the ability of the car to start in the cold period. The higher the indicator, the easier it is for the engine to start in cold weather.

Battery faults

The battery, like any mechanism, can fail, as a result of which it will not work properly or stop working altogether. Below we will look at the most common problems in the system and teach you how to fix them.

Very often, car owners are faced with the problem of terminal oxidation, as a result of which the current supply stops and the resistance in the circuit increases, thus the entire electrical system fails.

To solve the problem you need:

Remove clamps.
Clean the battery terminals and leads.
Now we put everything in place, check the correctness and reliability of the fasteners - the terminal should not move or move away from the output.
It is recommended to lubricate the top of the terminal with technical vaseline.

Many drivers complain about the rapid discharge of the battery.

There may be two reasons for this:

Contamination of the electrolyte inside the device.
Contamination of the device itself.

In this case, it is necessary to remove the battery and wipe all contacts well, pay attention to the device should not be left wet. Next, you need to check the purity and level of the electrolyte, if necessary, replace the liquid with a new one.

How to Diagnose a Car Battery

Before proceeding with the diagnostics of the device, it is necessary to remove it.

Note! Remove the negative terminal first. However, during installation, it is connected last.

Electrolyte level

It is recommended to check the level and density of the battery solution at least once every three months. The level is checked using a glass tube (internal diameter should be 4-5 mm) through the filling holes.

The tube should be lowered to the end, the outer opening should be well plugged with a finger and removed. Permissible level electrolyte in the battery should be equal to 12-15 mm.

If there is a tube in the battery, the level may exceed 3-5 mm.

Electrolyte density

The second indicator - electrolyte density - plays at least important role, so it also needs to be controlled.

During operation, the density of the liquid may fluctuate, a full discharge is a full charge, the indicators may vary by 0.15-0.16 units.

A high level of density can cause rapid deterioration of the device; at a low level of density, starting the engine will be long and problematic.

Battery level

To check the charge indicator of a car battery, use load fork. This device has a voltmeter, a load resistance switch, a handle and two contacts.

Also, the charge can be determined based on the output voltage, for this you need a multimeter and a voltmeter (it is important to disconnect the negative terminal).

Modern devices are equipped with an indicator showing the battery charge. If the device is charged, the indicator is on. in green, discharged - white or red.

To charge a car battery, you must use a charger that is a current source: connect the positive contact to the positive terminal, the negative contact to the negative terminal.

Battery Recovery Methods

Every motorist is interested in the question of how to extend the life of the battery or how to restore its operation.

And yet, if you missed or ignored some tips regarding the operation of the device, do not despair, below we will tell you what are the ways to restore the functioning of this device.

Use of CTC

KTC (control-training cycle), this procedure contributes to the restoration of capacity and the avoidance of the process of sulfation. The CTC procedure consists of several stages of discharging and charging the battery.

For this we need:

Charger.
Voltage control device - voltmeter.
A device for monitoring the electrolyte density level is a hydrometer.
Bulb.

So, for starters, fully charge the battery. It is important that the lids of the jars are removed during charging. The battery should be charged for 6 to 8 hours.

Upon completion of the procedure, using a hydrometer, it is necessary to check the level of electrolyte density in each bank separately - the indicator should be equal to 1.27 g / cm. cube If necessary, distilled water or sulfuric acid is added to the jars, after which the battery is put on charge for another half an hour.

Multiple charge mode

Not less than simple method recovery correct operation battery, offered by automaker specialists, is to carry out several stages of charging the device with interruptions. Initially, it is necessary to set the current level to 0.04 of the nominal volume of the battery. After 8 hours of charging, you must take a 12-hour break (no more than 16 hours).

A break is necessary to equalize the internal potential and external lead plates, diffusion of a dense electrolyte into the gaps between the electrodes is performed.

After a break, the battery charging procedure is resumed. It is recommended to carry out at least 5 such procedures. In the course of increasing the volume, the density level of the electrolyte will increase, as a result of which it must be diluted with distilled water and the level indicator should be monitored, it is important to keep it within the normal range.

Chemicals

So, first you need to perform a full charge battery device, after which it is important to drain all the electrolyte. Now you need to rinse the container with distilled water, at least three times.

For the next stage of washing, we take a solution of 5% (wt.) ammonia and 2% (wt.) Trilon B. Pour it into a container previously cleaned with distilled water, from which the electrolyte was poured, and leave for an hour.

Splashes and active gas evolution will be observed inside, this is the process of desulfation. Upon completion of gas evolution, the procedure can be considered completed. Now drain the liquid from the battery and rinse the container again with distilled water (2-3 times). Now we fill the battery with new electrolyte and carry out a full charge.

If strong sulfation is observed, then the battery can be restored with such a solution a couple of times. However, we note that such a solution cannot be prepared independently, it is recommended to consult a specialist.

Pulse current

This method will help solve the problem of a short circuit in the battery bank, many do not know about this method or do not risk using it, however, according to the reviews of many motorists, it is safe to say that the burning method using impulsive current is quite effective.

We connect the battery to a source that produces a large current (in this case, it is at least 100 amperes). Very often, a welding machine is used for this purpose. The circuit in the bank is burned out as a result of a two-second passage of such a current.

During the use of a mobile device, the battery will definitely consume its resource and “age”. This is manifested in a rapid decrease in charge and slow charging. Sometimes the device after turning off simply does not turn on and does not respond to pressing the buttons. This is a characteristic and habitual phenomenon for lithium batteries, which are used in this moment in all smartphones. You can purchase a new charge source, but if you want to save money, there are options for resuscitating the battery yourself.

How a phone battery works

Most of the gadgets have a battery function. There are several types of batteries for phones:

Ni-Cd - nickel-cadmium;
Ni-Mh - nickel-metal hydride;
Li-Ion - lithium-ion.

NiCd batteries have the largest charge volume, they are easy to manufacture, store and operate. Often used to power medical equipment, radios, power tools and professional video cameras. NiMh batteries generate more heat during charging, requiring the use of a complex algorithm to determine full charge. For this reason, most of these batteries have an internal temperature sensor. NiMh charges for a long time (2 times the duration of NiCd charge replenishment), but their capacity is much larger.

Batteries of the Li-Ion type, when recalculated for one kilogram of weight, are 2 times higher than the NiCd value. For this reason, lithium-ion batteries are now used in all phones, laptops, where it is important except for time. battery life also the weight of the item. The very design of the battery is very simple: two graphite sheets of lithium oxide and cobalt, which are lubricated with electrolyte and rolled into a roll.

Why is the battery draining

Smartphone owners after a year or a year and a half begin to notice a decrease in the device’s performance, the charge quickly leaves. This can happen for several reasons, some of them can be solved programmatically (disabling unnecessary functions, wi-fi, cleaning viruses), while others can only be technically corrected by restoring the battery capacity. The following factors are popular reasons why the battery is discharged.

The vast majority of smartphones work on operating system Android, which, due to its complexity and open source prone to failures, OS optimization is low. Dozens of programs automatically run in the background, even in standby mode (with the screen off) they continue to “eat up” the charge and lead to a rapid decrease in battery capacity. Many of these background programs are not needed by the average user and should be disabled.

Viruses

The Android system is free, so it gained such popularity, hackers could not get around it and began to create malware for it. The activity of such viruses leads to a rapid decrease in the battery charge of the phone. In addition, the performance of smartphones drops even with strong processors. The following signs (except for antiviruses) will help determine the presence of "pests": the appearance of advertisements in inappropriate places, an increase in the temperature of the gadget case, braking the system.

Bad battery

Battery failure leads to a rapid loss of energy. This happens more often with long-term use, usually after a two-year period. This is an inevitable process of equipment resource consumption. Sometimes a decline nominal capacity battery is due to contamination of the anode and cathode. This leads to a slowdown in physical and chemical processes that affect the ability of the battery to release the accumulated charge. Using some methods, you can achieve the original value of the battery.

Battery capacity and shelf life

Recovery processes for constant use devices will not be able to return one hundred percent to the same amount of voltage. Over time, the power of the battery decreases, it wears out and becomes unusable. Li-Ion batteries have a shelf life of 2 years from the date of manufacture. During this period of time, from 20% to 35% of their power is lost. Restoring an old battery is not an easy task, so pay attention to the date of manufacture of the phone.

How to check your phone battery

For the test, you need a device called a voltmeter, which helps measure the voltage of the equipment. It is recommended to first carry out a visual inspection of the battery. If the battery has been in operation for a long time, then its structure could undergo deformation, for example, swell. If liquid gets on the contacts, it will oxidize. These factors affect the battery capacity and decrease the specific value. To check the battery you need:

remove the battery from the device;
attach the positive contact of the voltmeter to the positive pole;
do the same with the negative;
set the nominal value of the measured voltage in the settings.

The voltage that you received during the measurement and will display the degree of battery charge. To evaluate the indicator, you can use the following values:

less than 1 V - you need to charge the battery;
about 2 V - the battery is charged, the capacity is average;
3.6-3.7 V is a fully charged high capacity battery.

Phone battery recovery

If you wish, you can try to restore the "life" of the battery using some methods. Restoring a smartphone’s battery is a temporary measure, the device’s resource is not infinite, so at some point the battery will still have to be replaced. Below are methods to increase battery capacity that you can do yourself at home. Some will require additional tools, the ability to work with your hands. If you are new to this area, then it is better not to restore, but to buy new battery.

With a dedicated charger

Restore Li-Ion battery You can use a multimeter and Imax B6. The latter device is easy to buy, it is well suited if you need to resuscitate the battery at home. First, check the battery itself with a multimeter. Connect it by setting it to voltage measurement mode. In the presence of a deep discharge, the multimeter will show this in the minimum U value in millivolts.

Sometimes the controller does not allow measuring the real amount of voltage. There are two outputs - plus and minus, which go directly from the battery to the controller. The voltage at the terminals is usually 2.6 V, but for lithium batteries this is not enough to get the real voltage, you need to charge the battery to 3.2 V. Then the multimeter will begin to reflect the real voltage. Need to be grounded negative wire, and connect the red to the power supply, there is no need to set a large current.

Imax is convenient in that it supports several modes that differ for different type Phone battery. Activate the appropriate mode (lithium polymer or lithium ion), set the voltage to 3.7 V, and the charge to 1 A. The voltage will begin to rise, indicating a successful restoration of the capacity. The indicator should reach 3.2 Volts and the battery will “swing”. Then it can be inserted back into the tablet, phone, or fully recharged using the native device.

Restoring phone battery capacity from another battery

You will need any other 9 volt battery, electrical tape, a thin simple wire. This do-it-yourself phone battery recovery will be of interest to all electronics lovers. You can restore the capacity using the following algorithm:

Connect the wires to the contacts of the battery that needs to be restored. Each pole needs its own.
You can not close plus and minus with the same wire, this will lead to short circuit and you won't be able to restore the battery.
Secure the contacts with duct tape, making a mark with a + and - marker.
Connect the positive terminal to the "+" on the 9-volt battery, and the negative terminal in the same way.
On this side, also fix the contacts with electrical tape.
After a while, the battery should start to heat up.
When the battery becomes noticeably warm, you need to disconnect it from the "donor" and put it in the phone to check its operation.
After turning on, immediately check the charge level, put the mobile in standard mode to charge.

Using a resistor and a "native" charger

This method is simple, you will not need special devices or devices, you will only need your own charger. Phone battery repair will require the following:

resistor device with a nominal value of at least 330 ohms, maximum - 1 kOhm;
power supply 5-12 V (suitable charger from the phone).

To restore the battery you need to do the following a simple circuit connections: minus from the adapter to the minus of the battery, plus is output through a resistor to the plus. Then you need to apply power and the voltage on the battery will begin to rise. You should bring it up to 3V, this will take 10 to 15 minutes. Then you can use the battery as usual.

Phone battery recovery with a fan

You will definitely need a power supply unit with an output voltage of at least 12 V. Connect the corresponding one from the device to the negative connector of the fan, also connect the negative one and manually fix the wires on the battery. Connect the power supply to the outlet, the fan should start spinning, which indicates the supply of current. You should not keep charging for a long time, 30 seconds are enough to reach the required indicator U. This will help "revive" the battery and charge it without problems from a regular outlet.

Cold battery resuscitation

This option, how to restore the phone's battery rarely works, but you can try, because there is no risk of damaging it. It is necessary to put the battery in a plastic bag (foil or paper is not suitable) so that water does not get into the phone. To reanimate the phone battery, you need to put it in the refrigerator (freezer) for 12 hours. After cooling, let it warm up in the room, do not forget to wipe it dry. By freezing, it is possible to restore some capacity so that it can be charged through ordinary socket.

How to restore a lithium battery after a deep discharge

If the device is not used for a long time, deep discharge. The voltage drops to unacceptable levels, the device is tightly turned off by the controller and it cannot be charged from the outlet. In this case, it is possible to restore the battery only by unsoldering the protection system. Then power is supplied using a special device, for example, Turnigy Accucell 6. The device itself will monitor the battery recovery processes.

Using the "Type" button, you can select the charge program. Press the "Start" button, then for Li-ion - 3.5 V, for Li-pol - 3.7 V. The current should be set at 10% of the rated battery capacity. To do this, press the "+" and "-" buttons. When the value reaches 4.2V, the mode change to "voltage stabilization" will begin. The device will emit an audio signal after charging is completed, and the message “Full” will appear on the screen

When the battery swells

With the degradation of the battery, physical deformation can begin. Bloating makes the device unusable, but you can try to repair it. You need to find a kind of cap on the battery, which is located under the sensor board. Next, you will need a needle or nail. Pierce this cap, you need to do this carefully, separating the upper part with the sensor board with contacts from the battery case. Wait for all the accumulated gas to come out of the housing, put the metal plate back in place. For this you need:

put the battery on a flat surface;
put the plate on top;
it is easy to squeeze her body;
when it is level, solder the sensor board back;
cover the puncture site with waterproof glue.

Full charge and discharge of the phone battery

This is the simplest, but inefficient way to restore battery capacity. You need to "drive" the battery several times until it is completely discharged, and then completely restore it. For this:

download a resource-intensive utility (AnTuTu) or a game and completely put the phone down (until it is turned off);
connect the power and wait for 100% charge;
repeat the previous steps 3-4 times.