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A non-contact shielded ignition system is installed on the ZIL-1Z1 vehicle and its modifications. The diagram of the ignition system is shown in fig. 1.
The system consists of a B118 ignition coil, a 4902.3706 distribution sensor, a TK200-01 transistor switch, SN-307V spark plugs, high-voltage wires in shielding hoses and manifolds, a VKZ50 ignition switch, and an additional resistor SEZ26, which is automatically short-circuited when the engine is started.
To protect radio reception from interference generated by the ignition system, an FR82F radio interference suppression filter is included in the power circuit of the ignition system.
(fig. 2) shielded, sealed. Unlike other ignition coils, one end of the secondary winding is internally connected to the coil body.
The additional resistor (Fig. 3) is unshielded, designed to limit the electric current flowing in the circuits of the ignition system in operating and emergency modes. The nichrome coil 3 is mounted on a porcelain insulator 4 in a stamped metal case 5.
The ends of the spiral are connected to the output terminals 1, mounted on insulating bushings 2, installed in the metal bottom of the housing. When replacing the spiral, the additional resistor is removed from the car.
transistor switch designed to switch the electric current in the primary winding of the ignition coil (breaking the primary circuit of the ignition coil at the right time by turning on the high ohmic resistance of the output transistor)
The transistor switch is installed on the left wall in the vehicle cabin and can only operate at an ambient temperature of no higher than 70˚ C and no lower than minus 60° C.
Under operating conditions, it is not repaired and, in case of failure, is replaced.
To check the operability of the switch on the stand, it is necessary to assemble the circuit of the contactless ignition system (Fig. 1▲)
Turning on the supply voltage (12.6 ± 0.6) V and changing the frequency of rotation of the distribution sensor from 20 to 1600 min -1, one can observe stable sparking on the arresters.
When using a generator instead of a sensor, a sinusoidal output voltage with an amplitude of 2 - 10 V is set on the generator and, by changing the generator speed from 2.6 to 213 Hz, one can observe stable sparking on the arrester connected directly to the ignition coil.
The absence of sparking indicates a malfunction of the switch, which must be replaced.
Instruction
So, the repair is completed: worn parts are replaced, attachments are installed on the engine, and it is put in place, fixed, electrical equipment is connected, the battery is connected. It's time to start installing the ignition.
Unscrew the candle of the first cylinder and insert a paper swab into the hole. Slowly rotate the crankshaft with a handle (crooked starter) until the piston of the first cylinder comes to top dead center (TDC) of the compression stroke. We are informed about this by a paper cork, which will be thrown out of the candle hole with a slight pop. Align the mark on the crankshaft pulley with the TDC mark on the comb mounted on the camshaft cover.
Install the distributor drive (pulse sensor). To do this, lower it into the hole in the engine block and align the hole on the bottom drive plate with the threaded holes on the engine block. In this case, the axis of the hole on the top plate of the drive must not deviate from the groove on the drive shaft by more than 15 degrees (plus/minus). Position the groove with an offset towards the front end of the cylinder block.
After making sure that the drive is installed correctly, fix it with bolts. Turn the crankshaft until the mark on the pulley is opposite one of the marks located between the numbers 3-6 of the comb (ignition timing).
Adjusting screws set the upper plate of the octane corrector to the "zero" mark on the scale on the lower plate. Fix this position, insert the breaker-distributor into the drive so that the octane corrector is located at the top. The position of the slider will tell you where the wire of the first cylinder will be located on the distributor cap.
By turning the breaker by the body, achieve such a position at which the control light goes out, i.e. until the moving contact shaft is pressed out by the cams. Find the moment of spark supply to the spark plug of the first cylinder. Lock the breaker-distributor housing in this position.
Install the cover and insert high voltage wires into its holes. First, the wire of the first cylinder, and then the wires of the remaining cylinders in the order of their operation 1 - 5 - 4 - 2 - 6 - 3 - 7 - 8. Connect the center wire to the ignition coil.
Check the operation of the ignition system, i.e. the presence of a spark between the central wire and the cylinder block. With a contact ignition system, open the breaker contacts. With a contactless system, turn on / off the ignition with the key.
Start the engine with the electric starter. After it warms up, finally check the operation of the ignition. If problems persist, adjust the ignition system with an octane corrector.
Battery ignition, contact-transistor. The scheme for switching on ignition devices is shown in.
The ignition system includes an ignition coil, a distributor, a transistor switch, an additional two-section resistance, high voltage wires, candles, and an ignition switch.
The ignition coil is located under the hood on the front shield of the cab. It has two output terminals for the primary winding. When installing the coil, it is necessary to monitor the correct connection of the wires. To the output "K" () it is necessary to connect the wires from the same terminals of the switch and additional resistance, to the output without marking - the wire from the switch.
The ignition coil is designed to work with a transistor switch only. The use of ignition coils of other types is unacceptable. On the clamp of the B114-B ignition coil there is an inscription "Only for the transistor system".
An additional resistance, consisting of two resistors connected in series, is installed next to the coil. When starting the engine with a starter, one of the resistances in the series circuit is automatically short-circuited, which results in an increase in voltage at the time of starting.
It is necessary to monitor the correctness of the wire connections to the additional resistance terminals: the wire from the starter must be connected to the "VK" terminal, the wire from the ignition system switch to the "VK-B" terminal, and the wire from the ignition coil output to the "K" terminal.
The combined ignition and starter switch is designed to turn the ignition and starter circuits on and off. It is installed on the front shield of the cab.
The switch has three positions, two of which are fixed.
In position 0, everything is off, the key is freely inserted into the lock and removed from it. Position I - the output "KZ" (ignition) is turned on by turning the key clockwise. Position II - the outputs "KZ" (ignition) and "ST" (starter) are turned on by turning the key clockwise. Position II is not fixed; return to position I is carried out spring after removing the force from the key.
The distributor () is eight-spark, works in conjunction with the B114-B ignition coil, is designed to interrupt the low voltage current in the primary winding of the ignition coil and distribute the high voltage current to the candles.
A feature of the contact-transistor ignition system is the absence of a shunt capacitor in the distributor. A rating plate with the inscription "Only for transistorized ignition systems" is attached to the P137 distributor housing.
If for some reason the ignition distributor must be replaced on the car, then instead of the P137 distributor, you can also use the P4-B or P4-B2 distributors, having previously removed the capacitor from them.
With a contact-transistor ignition system, the interrupter contacts are loaded only with the control current of the transistor, and not with the full current of the ignition coil, so burning and erosion of the contacts is almost completely eliminated and they do not need to be cleaned with an abrasive.
You should especially carefully monitor the cleanliness of the contacts, since the current broken by them is very small and, with contacts covered with an oil or oxide film, it will not be able to break through the film.
When oiling the contacts, they must be washed with clean gasoline. If the car has not been used for a long time and an oxide layer has formed on the contacts of the interrupter, then the contacts must be “lightened”, i.e., run over them with an abrasive plate or fine glass sandpaper, while preventing metal removal, as this reduces the life of the contacts.
High-voltage wires of the PVV brand, going from the distributor to the candles, have PVC insulation and a metal core.
Damping resistances (8000-12,000 ohms) are provided in the wire lugs on the side of the candles.
Spark plugs are non-separable, with M14X1.25 mm thread.
Prolonged idling with a low crankshaft speed and prolonged vehicle movement at low speed in fifth gear should not be allowed, since in this case the skirt of the spark plug insulator becomes covered with soot, there are interruptions in the operation of the spark plug (during subsequent starts of a cold engine) and the surface the insulator is moistened with fuel.
With smoked candles (when the soot is dry on the skirts of the insulator), starting a cold engine is difficult; when the surface of the insulator is moistened with fuel, it is impossible to start the engine.
The correct operation of the spark plugs is largely dependent on the thermal state of the engine. At low air temperatures, the engine must be insulated (use an insulating hood, close the radiator shutters).
After starting a cold engine, you should not immediately move the car from a place, since if the candles are not heated enough, interruptions in their operation may occur.
When the car is moving after a long stop, long accelerations must be applied before switching to higher gears.
Candles work intermittently when the rules for starting the engine are not observed or when, during movement, they allow the enrichment of the working mixture with fuel by covering the carburetor air damper.
If there are interruptions in the operation of the candles, you need to clean them and check the gap between the electrodes, which should be within 0.85-1 mm (when operating in winter, it is recommended to reduce the gap to 0.6-0.7 mm).
To adjust the gap between the electrodes, it is necessary to bend only the side electrode. When bending the central electrode, the insulator of the candle is destroyed.
Faulty spark plugs are one of the causes of oil dilution in the crankcase. If diluted oil is found, it must be replaced, and the candles checked and repaired.
When servicing your vehicle, do the following:
1. Check the fastening of the wires to the ignition devices.
2. Clean the surfaces of the distributor, coil, spark plugs, wires and especially the wire terminals from dirt and oil.
3. Since the contact transistor ignition system develops a higher secondary voltage than the standard one, you should carefully monitor the cleanliness of the inner and outer surfaces of the distributor cap to avoid overlapping between the high voltage terminals. It is necessary to wipe the cover outside and inside with a clean rag soaked in gasoline, and also wipe the cover electrodes, rotor and breaker plate.
4. Check and, if necessary, adjust the gap between the contacts of the breaker, which should be equal to 0.3-0.4 mm.
The gap must be adjusted in the following order: turn the distributor shaft so that the largest gap between the contacts is established; loosen the screw securing the fixed contact post; turn the eccentric with a screwdriver so that a probe 0.35 mm thick fits snugly into the gap between the contacts without pressing the lever; tighten the screw; check the gap with a clean probe, after wiping it with a cloth soaked in gasoline.
In order to avoid breakage of the ribs centering the distributor cover in the housing, it is necessary to release both spring latches securing it when removing the cover. The lid must not be twisted.
5. Pour (at the time specified in the lubrication table) into the cam bushing, into the axis of the breaker lever, onto the cam lubrication filter the oil used for the engine. To lubricate the distributor shaft, turn the cap of the oil cap filled with grease 1/2 turn.
Too much lubrication of the bushing, cam and the axis of the breaker lever is harmful, since it is possible to splatter the contacts with oil, which causes carbon deposits on the contacts and misfiring.
6. After one TO-2 or in case of interruptions in the operation of the ignition system, inspect the spark plugs. If there is carbon deposits, clean them, check and adjust the gap between the electrodes by pulling the side electrode.
When screwing candles into those sockets, access to which is not completely free, it is advisable to use a wrench to ensure the correct direction of the threaded part. To do this, the candle is inserted into the key and slightly wedged in it with a piece of wood (at least a match) so that it does not fall out of the key. After the candle is screwed into the socket and tightened, the key is removed from it. The tightening torque of the candle is 3.2-3.8 kgf-m (32-38 Nm).
7. The ignition coil, additional resistance and transistor switch do not need special care. During operation, as necessary, it is necessary to wipe the plastic cover of the coil and the finned surface of the switch housing, as well as monitor the wiring and the reliability of the fastening of the tips to the coil, resistance and switch terminals.
8. You should also check the reliability of fixing the high voltage wires in the sockets of the distributor cover and the ignition coil, especially the central wire going from the coil to the distributor.
The transistor and most other components of the transistor switch are filled with epoxy, so the switch cannot be disassembled and repaired.
If any malfunctions occur in the operation of the ignition system, do not interchange the wires connected to the switch or to the resistance.
At the moment of starting the engine, one of the sections of the additional resistance is short-circuited, since power is supplied to the switch at this time through the wire connecting the “KZ” output of the starter traction relay to the middle output “VK” of the additional resistance. This compensates for the decrease in voltage on the battery during engine start-up due to charging it with a large current (this decrease in voltage is especially noticeable in winter when starting a cold engine). In the event of a short circuit in the wire or in the event of a malfunction of the contact system of the traction relay, one of the SE107 resistance sections has a large current strength; the resistor will overheat and burn out.
If the resistance or its terminal "VK" overheats strongly, it is necessary to disconnect the wire from the resistance and wrap the tip of this wire with insulating tape. You can connect the wire only after a thorough check of the entire circuit and the elimination of the malfunction that caused a large heating of the resistance.
If the resistance SE107 (or one of its sections) is burned out, the car must not be allowed to move with a jumper that short-circuits the burnt part of the resistance, since the transistor switch may fail.
With a large secondary voltage developed by the contact-transistor ignition system, an increase in the gap in the candles (even up to 2 mm) does not cause interruptions in the ignition. However, in this case, the high-voltage insulating parts of the system (distributor cover and ignition coils, insulation of the secondary winding of the coil, etc.) are under increased voltage for a long time and fail prematurely. Therefore, it is necessary to check and, if necessary, adjust the gaps in the candles by setting the gap recommended by the instructions (0.85-1 mm).
Warnings:
1. Do not leave the ignition on when the engine is not running.
2. Do not disassemble the transistor switch.
3. Do not interchange the wires connected to the switch or resistance.
4. Do not short-circuit the resistance or its parts with jumpers.
5. It is necessary to maintain a normal gap in the spark plugs.
6. It is necessary to monitor the correct inclusion of the battery on the car.
Setting the ignition when assembling the engine or on the engine from which the distributor drive was removed
Ignition installation () must be done in the following order:
1. Unscrew the spark plug of the first cylinder (cylinder numbers are cast on the intake pipe).
2. Install the piston of the first cylinder in front of the TDC. compression stroke, for which:
Close the spark plug hole with a paper stopper and rotate the crankshaft until the plug is pushed out;
Continuing to slowly turn the crankshaft, align the mark 2 on the crankshaft pulley with the risk at the number 9 (ignition advance 9 ° BTDC) on the ledge of the indicator 1 of the ignition setting.
3. Position the groove on the upper end of the distributor drive shaft () so that it is in line
with risks 3 on the upper flange 4 of the distributor drive housing.
4. Insert the distributor drive into the socket in the cylinder block, ensuring alignment by the beginning of the gear engagement
bolt holes in the bottom flange 2 of the drive housing and threaded holes in the block. After installing the drive, distribute
the angle between the groove on the drive shaft and the line passing through the holes on the upper flange must not exceed
±15° and the slot should be offset towards the front of the motor.
If the groove deviation angle exceeds ± 15 °, then the distributor drive gear should be rearranged by one tooth relative to the gear on the camshaft, which will ensure that the angle is within the specified limits after the drive is installed in the block. If, when installing the distributor drive, a gap remains between its lower flange and the block (which indicates a mismatch between the protrusion at the lower end of the drive shaft and the groove on the oil pump shaft), then it is necessary to turn the crankshaft two turns while pressing on the distributor drive housing.
After installing the drive in the block, make sure that the mark 2 () on the crankshaft pulley coincides with the risk of the number 9 on the index 1 of the ignition setting, the location of the groove is within an angle of ± 15 ° and its displacement to the front of the engine. After fulfilling the listed conditions, the drive must be fixed.
5. Align the index arrow of the upper plate 12 () of the octane corrector with the mark 0 of the scale on the lower plate 22 and fix this position with nuts 20.
6. Loosen the bolt 11 that fastens the distributor to the upper plate of the octane corrector so that the distributor body rotates relative to the plate with some force, and place the bolt in the middle of the oval slot. Remove the cover and install the distributor in the drive seat so that the vacuum regulator is directed forward (the rotor electrode must be under the contact of the first cylinder on the distributor cover and above the low voltage output terminal on the distributor body). With this position of the parts, check and, if necessary, adjust the gap between the contacts of the breaker.
7. Set the ignition timing at the start of contact opening, which can be determined using a 12 V test lamp (lamp luminous intensity is not more than 1.5 sv) connected to the low voltage output of the distributor and the body ground.
To set the ignition timing:
a) turn on the ignition;
b) slowly turn the distributor housing clockwise until the breaker contacts are closed;
c) slowly turn the distributor body counterclockwise until the control lamp lights up. Wherein
to eliminate all gaps in the joints of the distributor drive, the rotor should also be pressed in a counterclockwise direction.
At the moment the control lamp lights up, stop rotating the housing and mark with chalk the relative position of the distributor housing and the upper plate of the octane corrector.
Check the correctness of the ignition timing by repeating steps a and b, and if the chalk marks coincide, carefully remove the distributor from the drive socket, tighten the bolt securing the distributor to the top plate of the octane corrector (without violating the relative position of the chalk marks), and reinsert the distributor into the drive socket .
The valve fastening bolt to the plate can be tightened without removing the distributor from the drive seat, using a special wrench with a short handle.
8. Install its cover on the distributor and connect the high voltage wires to the spark plugs in accordance with the firing order of the cylinders (1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8), taking into account that the distributor rotor rotates clockwise.
The ignition timing in engines from which the distributor was removed, but its drive was not removed, should be set in accordance with the instructions in paragraphs. 1-3, 6-8.
The ignition setting on the engine must be specified using the scale on the top plate of the distributor (octane corrector scale) as follows:
1. Warm up the engine and drive on a flat stretch of road in direct gear at a steady speed of 30 km/h.
2. Sharply press the throttle control pedal to failure and hold it in this position until the speed increases to 60 km / h; while listening to the operation of the engine.
3. In case of strong detonation in the engine operation mode specified in paragraph 2, by rotating the nuts of the octane corrector, move the index arrow of the upper plate along the scale in the direction marked with the “-” sign.
4. In the absence of detonation in the engine operation mode specified in paragraph 2, by rotating the nuts of the octane corrector, move the arrow of the upper plate along the scale to the side marked with the “+” sign.
If the ignition is set correctly, when the car accelerates, a slight detonation will be heard, disappearing at a speed of 40-45 km / h.
Each division on the scale of the octane corrector corresponds to a change in the ignition timing in the cylinder, equal to 4 °.
The ZIL-131 car is equipped with a shielded, sealed, non-contact transistor ignition system.
The ignition system consists of: battery, ignition switch, ignition coil, additional resistance, ignition distributor, transistor switch, electromagnetic sensor, high and low voltage wires, spark plugs.
Distributor R-351 sealed, shielded, eight-spark, with a centrifugal ignition timing controller, non-contact. The distributor is designed to control the operation of the switch and distribute high voltage pulses to the engine cylinders in the required sequence.
For smooth adjustment of the ignition timing, depending on the type of fuel used, an octane corrector is used, consisting of two plates, one of which is bolted to the distributor housing, and the other is bolted to the drive housing (on the cylinder block).
The rotation of the adjusting nuts of the octane corrector achieves the mutual movement of the plates and, accordingly, the rotation of the housing.
Fig.3. Scheme of the ZIL-131 ignition system.
1-battery. 2-ignition switch. 3 additional resistor. 4-transistor switch. 5- ignition coil. 6 spark plug. 7-ignition distributor.
The distributor has impulse sensor to control the moment of sparking of the ignition system.
The main elements of the sensor are the stator and rotor. The stator is a winding included in a special case, and the rotor is a permanent magnet with eight pairs of poles.
The rotor receives rotation from the distributor shaft through a centrifugal governor.
Ignition coil B-118 sealed, shielded, attached to the cabin shield under the distributor.
The B118 ignition coil is designed to work only with the TK-200 transistor switch. The use of coils of other types is unacceptable.
The core is made of thin sheets of electrical steel. The low and high voltage windings are filled with oil. The coil is a step-up transformer, the primary winding of which contains 260 turns of PEL wire with a diameter of 1.04 mm, and the secondary - 30,000 turns of wire of the same brand with a diameter of 0.06 mm. The windings of the coils are not connected to each other, one end of the secondary winding is brought to the body ("ground"), therefore, when installing the coil, it is very important to ensure reliable contact of its body with the vehicle chassis.
The primary winding is made on top of the secondary winding, which ensures better heat removal from the coil.
Transistor switch TK-200 designed for the necessary amplification and switching of electric current in the primary winding of the ignition coil.
The transistor switch is assembled on silicon transistors of the type p-r-p and has four shielded plug connectors (KZ, D and two VK) and one terminal clamp, with which it is connected to the ignition system circuit.
Emergency vibrator RS331 is activated only in emergency mode when the switch is faulty. To do this, connect the wire from the short circuit connector of the switch to the short circuit connector of the vibrator.
The principle of operation of the ignition system with an emergency vibrator.
When the ignition switch is turned on in a stationary crankshaft, direct current will flow from the positive pole of the battery through the radio interference filter, additional resistor, VK-12 connector of the transistor switch, the primary winding of the ignition coil, the winding and closed vibrator contacts to the negative terminal of the battery. Under the influence of the force of the magnetic field created by the current in the vibrator winding, the armature, overcoming the force of the spring, opens the contacts of the vibrator. Opening causes an interruption in the current and a change in the magnetic flux in the primary winding of the ignition coil, which induces a high voltage pulse in the secondary winding, which is supplied by a conventional switchgear to the spark plugs in the required sequence. Vibrator contact opening frequency is 250...400 Hz, which ensures uninterrupted operation of the engine up to 2000 rpm, the crankshaft.
Spark plugs CH307-B screened, sealed, have a M14x1.25 thread on the screw-in part of the body and a thread in the upper part of the M18x1 screen (for the hose union nut). The spark plug kit includes a sealing rubber bushing I, which seals the wire entry into the spark plug, a ceramic insulating sleeve 2 of the screen and a ceramic insert 3 with a built-in damping resistance from 1000 to 7000 Ohm. This resistance is designed to reduce the level of radio interference from the ignition system and reduce burnout of the spark plug electrodes.
The gap between the electrodes of the spark plug should be within 0.5-0.65 mm.
The candle is one of the most critical components of the ignition system, since the reliability of the entire system largely depends on its condition. When carbon deposits form on the spark plug, current leakage is created, which leads to a decrease in the secondary voltage. The burning of the electrodes causes an increase in the breakdown voltage of the spark gap of the spark plug. The breakdown voltage in some cases may even exceed the maximum voltage developed by the ignition system, resulting in misfiring.
High voltage wires grades PZS-7 have two-layer insulation and a core of seven stainless steel wires. The wires are enclosed in shielding sealed hoses with an inner diameter of 8 mm in the area from the candles to the prefabricated manifolds and with an inner diameter of 22 mm from the manifolds to the distributor.
Combination switch ignition and starter is designed to turn on and off the ignition and starter circuits. It is installed on the front shield of the cab.
The switch has three positions, of which two are fixed. In position 0, everything is on, the key is freely inserted into the lock and removed from it.
Position I - short circuit clamp (ignition) is on by turning the key clockwise.
Position II - the short circuit clamp (ignition) and ST (starter) are on by turning the key clockwise. Position II is not fixed; return to position I is carried out by a spring after the force is removed from the key.
Additional resistor SE-326 is connected in series with the primary winding of the ignition coil. Therefore, a voltage is applied to the primary winding, less than the mains voltage by the amount of voltage drop across the additional resistor (about 4 V). This mode of operation for the ignition coil is nominal. However, for a reliable engine start, it is necessary to increase the voltage between the electrodes of the candles; for this, the additional resistor is short-circuited when the starter is turned on, as a result of which the voltage on the primary winding of the ignition coil and between the electrodes of the candles increases. This mode of operation should be short-term, and therefore it is necessary to monitor the precise operation of the contacts that close the additional resistor. The additional resistor is not airtight and therefore it is mounted above the level of the ford to be overcome by the car.
The additional resistor SE-326 differs from the additional resistor SE-102 only in that its resistance is 0.6 ohms.
The engine is the main unit of any vehicle and its operation is largely determined by the functioning of the ignition system. In this article we will talk about the SZ of the ZIL car. What is the ignition scheme on the ZIL 140 truck, what is its principle of operation and how to set it up correctly - read below.
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The principle of operation of the SZ
Instructions for setting up, ordering and adjusting contact, contactless and electronic SZ are presented below, but first, let's look at the principle of the system. As in any car equipped with a gasoline engine, the ZIL ignition system performs the function of igniting the combustible mixture in the engine cylinders, supplying a spark to them. The spark itself is transmitted to those located directly in the internal combustion engine cylinders. These candles work in turn, igniting the air-fuel mixture at a certain time. It should be noted that in ZIL 131 and 130 SZ performs the function of not only igniting the mixture, but also supplying a spark, in particular, being responsible for the strength of the spark current.
This is because initially the battery can only produce a current of a certain strength. But this parameter will not be enough to ignite the mixture. Accordingly, for this purpose, an SZ was developed, designed to increase the power parameter of the vehicle battery. Thanks to this, the battery allows you to transfer a voltage of such a level to one or another candle that will allow you to ignite the combustible mixture.
It should be noted that any SZ, whether it is a contact transistor system or another, has several specific requirements that it must fulfill in normal mode:
- In accordance with the connection diagram and the operation of the distributor drive, the SZ must supply a spark to the SZ in the required cylinder at the time that was originally set by the settings. It is the settings that are responsible for the activation order of the cylinders. In the event that the cylinders are configured incorrectly, problems may arise in the functioning of the internal combustion engine.
- Any, including transistorized ignition system, should always always function with maximum accuracy. For example, if a spark begins to enter the cylinder with a minimum delay, even for a second, the engine will not start.
- Another requirement is spark energy. In any case, all SZ settings must match for high-quality ignition of an air-fuel mixture of a certain density.
- An equally important requirement is the reliability of the SZ in any vehicle. A video instruction on how to install contactless ignition on a ZIL-130 car with your own hands is given below (the author of the video is DIY).
Types of ignition systems
Any SZ, regardless of the type of drive, are divided into three types:
- Contact. This type of system is outdated, today it is not so common, usually contact SZs are used in domestically produced cars. The principle of operation in this case is to create electrical signals generated by the distributor.
- or BSZ, which is also called transistor. The principle of operation is based on the functioning of the switch.
- Electronic variant is one of the most modern and expensive devices that are installed only on new cars. This type is completely different from the two described above, since it has a more complex design that is responsible not only for the ignition moment, but also for other parameters of the machine.
Contact ignition system
Such an SZ with a drive is quite common today, since old domestic cars are still used in our country by millions of motorists. One of the main advantages of such a SZ is reliability. Due to the fact that the design of the system is quite simple, the contact part itself very rarely breaks. However, if the mechanism fails, it will not be so difficult to repair the assembly even with your own hands, since all the parts are not expensive, and the repair itself is quite simple.
It should also be noted that such a unit consists of the following elements: battery, generator, ignition coil, drive, candles, distributor and breaker, capacitor. The principle of operation of this node is quite simple - voltage is transmitted from the generator device to the NW. At that moment, when the compression stroke is nearing its end, sparks appear on the contacts of the candle, igniting the fuel.
Contactless type of system
Most of the modern cars of low and medium cost of Russian production are equipped with a non-contact SZ.
Compared with the contact, this type has certain advantages:
- The spark that is generated has a higher power resulting from the increased voltage on the secondary winding.
- Contactless SZ is equipped with an electromagnetic generator, due to which stable operation and energy transfer to all necessary mechanisms are achieved. Accordingly, this has a positive effect on the preservation and production of more power by the power unit. With the correct operation of the engine, you can achieve gasoline savings.
- Ease of maintenance. Contactless SZ requires the only condition in order to ensure its normal operation and long service life - the distributor drive shaft must be periodically lubricated. Experts recommend carrying out this procedure at least every 10 thousand kilometers.
The only drawback is the difficulty of repair in the event of a node failure. To make repairs on your own, it will be necessary to correctly diagnose the breakdown, and this requires special equipment. As practice shows, it is always almost impossible to solve a malfunction with your own hands.
Electronic system type
The electronic version of the SZ with a drive is installed today on all modern cars of European, Asian, and American production. As a result of the installation of this SZ, the driver does not need to regularly diagnose contacts for oxidation and solve problems with interruptions in the ignition. It should be noted that the advance angle in the electronic version is always easier to adjust, the secondary voltage in practice always functions more stably. Moreover, the combustible mixture in the cylinders of the power unit almost always burns out completely.
Of course, the electronic version also has some disadvantages. For example, it is virtually impossible to carry out repairs of this type of SZ on your own. Diagnostics will require modern equipment, which is only available at service stations.
System Diagnostics and Troubleshooting
ZIL cars are equipped with a transistorized SZ, so the driver should not have problems in terms of diagnosing and troubleshooting.
The most important symptoms of node malfunctions are:
- Difficulty starting the engine - the power unit may start with difficulty or after several attempts. If this happens, the motorist needs to find the cause as soon as possible, otherwise get ready for the fact that you will continue to have difficulty starting the car.
- Decreased power level. The drop in the number of revolutions at idle is a rather important problem, in this case it is necessary to analyze the operation of the sensors on the control panel. In the event that the speed either drops or increases in increments of 500 rpm, it is necessary to look for the cause.
- The dynamics decreases, as well as the drawdown in the engine thrust. This symptom usually appears when trying to overclock. An experienced motorist will be able to notice this sign without any problems.
- Increasing the consumption of gasoline consumed. In order to diagnose this symptom, you need to know exactly what kind of gasoline consumption your “iron horse” has, in particular, when operating in different modes (the author of the video review of the ignition system on a ZIL 130 truck is Andrey).
In the event that during the operation of the car you notice at least one of these signs, you need to open the engine compartment and make sure that the SZ is working properly. To do this, you must know exactly what to diagnose and what nuances to follow. Since when setting the required angle, you have to deal with a lot of voltage, before you start the process, you need to de-energize the car's on-board network. To do this, the engine is turned off, and the key is removed from the ignition switch.
How to check ignition timing?
How to set the ignition on the ZIL 130? In order for the installation to be successful, and the set ignition angle no longer brings inconvenience, several points must be taken into account. As you know, very early or late ignition on a car engine can cause malfunctions in the assembly. In the event that the spark enters very early, the combustible mixture does not have time to properly enter the system. If the spark arrives too late, the ignition procedure itself will be somewhat difficult.
Therefore, it is desirable not to allow the angle to go astray. In order to check the moment on your own, you will need a few things. In particular, before starting the process, prepare a tester in advance, as well as a stroboscope for diagnosing the system. The verification procedure is carried out using a circuit and a drive, in particular, we are talking about a vacuum regulator drive. This drive must be properly installed. After installing the drive, you need to observe how the parameters change on all your devices.
Also, after diagnostics, by using the circuit and the drive, you can adjust the torque. The driver can adjust the ignition and make it either early or late, depending on the need. The entire adjustment procedure is carried out at reduced or increased engine speeds, here it also all depends on what you want to achieve.
If you do not know exactly what the obtained indicators should be, the best option would be to contact specialists with this question. In the absence of data with the necessary parameters, it will be almost impossible to achieve an accurate result, so if you do not have the necessary information or skills, it is always best to entrust the matter to professionals.
