Find a breakdown in the car. Vehicle Troubleshooting

In normal operating conditions technical condition engine remains stable for an extended period of time. Then as a result natural wear and tear parts, the performance of the engine is gradually deteriorating, and repair is necessary to restore them. There are two types of repairs:

• current
• capital

Maintenance intended for recovery normal operation engine by replacing or repairing its individual parts, except for the basic ones, which include the cylinder block and crankshaft. At current repair can be replaced piston rings, pistons, connecting rod and main bearings and other parts.

During a major overhaul cylinder block and crankshaft must be subjected to machining. The basis for the repair are those or other malfunctions in the operation of the engine, discovered during the operation of the car or during routine inspections.

When determining faults, even partial disassembly of the engine should be avoided, if possible, since during disassembly, the running-in of the surfaces of mating parts is disturbed and their wear increases during subsequent operation. Critical parts such as piston rings and bearing shells can last significantly longer if their running-in is not disturbed.

In the same cases, when partial or complete disassembly, it is recommended to carefully check the condition of all disassembled parts and their degree of wear. In these cases, in order to avoid repeated repairs, piston rings and bearing shells can be replaced with new ones of the appropriate repair dimensions, and sometimes with new ones. standard sizes even if they are still suitable for further work.

During the subsequent assembly of the engine, it is necessary to ensure that all its main parts (pistons, connecting rods, valves, pushers, connecting rod and main bearing shells, etc.), if they are not replaced, are installed in the places and positions in which these parts were before engine disassembly.

All malfunctions, regardless of their significance, must be eliminated in a timely manner.

The following are engine malfunctions that may occur during vehicle operation. This data can facilitate the identification of faults by various external signs.

Table. Possible malfunctions engine, their causes and remedies

Cause of malfunction	Troubleshooting
Carburetor float chamber full
1. Foreign particles have entered, preventing the tight closing of the needle valve	1. Flush and blow out the valve and its seat
2. The tightness of the float is broken	2. Replace or solder the float, after removing the fuel from it
3. Loose fastening of the body (seat) of the fuel valve	3. Tighten the fuel valve body
4. Fuel valve body gasket damaged	4. Replace seal
Engine won't start, ignition OK
1. The flexible durite hose that supplies gasoline to the gasoline pump is clogged and clogged	1. Replace the hose
2. Intake filter dirty carburetor	2. Unscrew the filter plug, remove the filter, rinse thoroughly and blow through compressed air
3. The filter of the gasoline pump is dirty	3. Remove the sump cup, remove the filter and wash them in gasoline
4. The holder of the reed valve of the gasoline pump broke	4. Change valve assembly
The engine runs erratically and erratically at low idle speeds
1. There are no or underestimated gaps between the tips of the valve stems and the pressure bolts of the rocker arms
2. Insufficient tightness of intake and exhaust valves	2. Remove the cylinder head and grind the valves
3. Faulty ignition system devices	3. Find and fix the problem
4. The fastening of the bolts connecting the float chamber with the mixing	4. Tighten the bolts crosswise
5. Loose carburetor on engine	5. Tighten the carburetor mounting nuts evenly crosswise
6. Engine not warm enough	6. Warm up the engine so that the coolant temperature is 80-85°C
7. Clogged fuel or air idle jets (in the primary chamber)	7. First turn out the fuel and then the idle air jets, rinse thoroughly and blow them out
8. Clogged idle channels (in the primary chamber)	8. Remove the carburetor, disconnect the mixing chamber, unscrew the fuel jet and idle screw; blow out the channels with compressed air
9. The fastening of the air, fuel idling jets has loosened	9. Unscrew the plug of the idle channel, unscrew the fuel jet, tighten the air jet; wrap the fuel jet, put the plug in place
The engine is erratic when changing from low to high speeds, and with smooth opening of the throttle valves
1. Clogged jets or channels of the main dosing systems in the primary or secondary chambers	1. Remove the cover of the float chamber, unscrew the plugs of the fuel jets, unscrew the fuel and air jets, rinse and blow thoroughly. Unscrew the plugs of the emulsion wells, remove the emulsion tubes, blow out the channels of the main system
When the throttle is suddenly opened, the engine runs intermittently
1. The accelerator pump does not work. Clogged: atomizer, inlet or discharge valve seats	1. Remove the float chamber cover. Unscrew the atomizer block. Rinse and blow holes. Remove the discharge valve, clean it of dirt, blow through the fuel channel
2. Accelerator pump piston stuck	2. Disconnect the mixing chamber, remove the piston, clean the well and the piston from dirt
3. Atomizer block screws loose	3. Tighten the screws
Frequent "shots" in the carburetor, the engine runs intermittently (when the car is moving)
1. Carburetor prepares a lean mixture	1. Adjust the carburetor or replace with a new one
2. Not enough fuel in the float chamber	2. Clean the fuel lines. Check and adjust fuel level
3. Cold engine	3. Warm up the engine
4. Air is sucked in	4. Find the place of air leakage and eliminate
"Shots" in the carburetor only after a long drive and when the engine is running at full power
Using a candle with an insufficient glow value (hot)	Replace the spark plugs with others with a thermal characteristic corresponding to the engine (with a heat value of 200-220)
The engine runs well at high speeds, at medium speeds the carburetor “shoots”, at low speeds the engine stops working
Clogged carburetor idle fuel jet	Unscrew the jet from the carburetor, blow it with compressed air or wash it in gasoline
A warm engine does not start well; if it starts, it does not develop the corresponding number of revolutions
Carburetor full of gasoline	1. Check the tightness of the needle valve, flush if necessary
	2. Check the tightness of the float; if required, replace it
	3. Check and adjust the fuel level in the float chamber
When turning the crankshaft of the engine, there is no resistance - there is no compression in the cylinders
1. There is no clearance between the valve stem ends and rocker arm pressure bolts	1. Set the correct clearances
2. Valve stems hang in guide bushings	2. Eliminate stuck valves
3. The chamfers of the exhaust valves are burnt	3. Replace damaged valves
4. Leaky valves	4. Lap the valves to the seats
5. Piston rings are coked, their elasticity has decreased or the rings have broken	5. Partially disassemble the engine, change piston rings
6. Cylinder mirror worn out	6. Disassemble the engine, bore and grind the cylinders, change the pistons
Oil pressure below 0.5 kg / cm 2 at idle and below 1.8 kg / cm 2 at a speed of 40 km / h and above
1. Filter dirty coarse cleaning oils	1. On a warm engine, clean the filter element by rotating it with a lever; wash the filter if necessary
2. The oil pressure indicator sensor does not work correctly	2. Change the oil pressure gauge sensor
3. Instruments give incorrect readings	3. Check the oil pressure with a control pressure gauge
4. Reducing valve clogged oil pump or weakened valve spring	4. Remove the crankcase, remove oil pump and flush the pressure reducing valve. Adjust pressure reducing valve
5. Dirty oil pump strainer	5. Disassemble the filter and wash it in gasoline
6. Worn bearings (bushings) camshaft	6. Disassemble the engine, replace worn parts
High consumption (waste) of oil when using oil of the required viscosity
1. coked or filled oil deposits slotted and piston oil scraper rings and holes in the pistons under the rings	1. Partially disassemble the engine, remove the oil scraper piston rings, wash them or replace them with new ones. Clean the oil drain holes in the pistons
2. Worn piston rings	2. Change piston rings
3. Cylinder mirror worn out	3. Bore and grind cylinders, change pistons and piston rings
4. The axes of the large and small heads of the connecting rod are not parallel (the pistons work with a warp)	4. Change or fix connecting rods
5. Oil leaks through leaking gaskets oil sump, timing gear covers or pushrod box covers	5. Tighten the screws and bolts of the oil sump and covers or replace leaking gaskets
6. Oil is leaking from the rear main journal seal crankshaft, but the oil sump connectors, valve covers and timing gear covers	6. Eliminate a malfunction in the crankcase ventilation system (disconnected or clogged suction hose crankcase gases to the air cleaner). IN winter time insulate engine compartment engine to avoid the formation of an ice plug in the crankcase exhaust pipe in the air cleaner
7. Valve stems and guide bushings for them are worn out; lost elasticity of the rubber sealing rings installed in the spring plates	7. Remove the cylinder head engine, disassemble valve train and replace worn or damaged parts
Engine smoking after starting, which then stops
Rubber rings set in the springs of the exhaust valves, do not provide the necessary sealing	Change rubber rings
The spark plug gap is systematically filled with oil.
1. Faulty candle	1. Replace spark plug
2. Rubber rings located in the plates of the valve springs do not provide the necessary sealing	2. Change rubber rings
3. High consumption (waste) of oil	3. Eliminate high flow oils as above
The engine gets very hot
1. Loose belt tension fan drive - water pump	1. Adjust the normal belt tension. Replace a worn or broken belt.
2. Not enough liquid in the cooling system	2. Add coolant and radiator
3. Ignition is too late	3. Install more early ignition
4. Carburetor cooks lean combustible mixture	4. Eliminate the cause of the lean combustible mixture
5. A large amount of scale has formed in the engine cooling system	5. Flush the engine cooling system
The engine does not warm up to operating temperature for a long time
Faulty cooling system thermostat	Remove the outlet water pipe, remove the thermostat and check its operation. Replace defective thermostat
The engine does not develop full power
1. An excessive layer of soot has formed on the walls of the combustion chambers, valve heads, piston crowns due to the use fuels and lubricants low grade or as a result of excessive oil penetration into the combustion chamber	1. Remove the cylinder head, remove carbon deposits from the parts. Simultaneously grind the chamfers of the valve heads to the seats. Determine the cause and eliminate excessive oil penetration into the combustion chambers (eliminate the causes of large oil burnout)
2. The gaps between the tips of the valve stems and the pressure bolts of the rocker arms have decreased	2. Check and adjust valve clearances
3. The compression in the cylinders has decreased due to a loose fit of the valves in the saddles	3. Remove the block head and grind the valves. Valves with a burnt working chamfer must be replaced with new ones.
4. The elasticity of the valve springs has weakened or they have broken	4. Remove from the engine and inspect the valve springs; check their elasticity; replace weak or broken springs
5. The throttle valves of the carburetor do not fully open when the fuel pedal is pressed all the way	5. Adjust and lubricate the control actuator throttle valves carburetor
6. Initial ignition timing does not match the octane number used for gasoline engine	6. Set the starting point of ignition in accordance with the octane number of the gasoline used
7. Disrupted distributor and spark plugs	7. Check and adjust the gaps between the contacts of the breakers and between the electrodes of the candles. Clean dirty spark plugs and replace damaged ones. Check on special stands the correct operation of the centrifugal and vacuum regulators ignition timing, serviceability candles, uninterrupted sparking
8. The compression in the engine cylinders has decreased due to a breakdown or a decrease in the elasticity of the piston rings	8. Partially disassemble the engine and knead the faulty piston rings
9. Disrupted normal composition combustible mixture	9. Wash jets and carburetor fuel channels, check and install correct level gasoline in the float chamber. If necessary, replace the defective carburetor
Increased fuel consumption
1. The compression in the engine cylinders has decreased due to wear or burning of the piston rings, loose fit of the head gasket or loose valve fit	1. Partially disassemble the engine, check the condition and, if necessary, replace the piston rings, grind the valves to the seats, adjust the clearances in the valve drive, tighten the cylinder head bolts or replace the damaged gasket
2. The tightness of the connections between the fuel lines between the tank and the carburetor is broken	2. Tighten loose connections. Replace gaskets if necessary. Fix fuel leak
3. The carburetor prepares an enriched combustible mixture due to partial cover of the air damper	3. Adjust drive control air damper carburetor
4. Late ignition occurs	4. Set normal ignition timing
5. Increased fuel level in the float chamber	5. Set normal level
6. Air jets are tarred	6. Unscrew the air jets, as mentioned above. Clean jets of tar and blow through
Detonation knocks in the engine
1. Used low octane gasoline ( octane number below 76)	1. Set the appropriate ignition delay or use gasoline of the appropriate quality
2. Too early ignition	2. Set the appropriate ignition delay
3. A significant layer of soot has formed on the surface of the combustion chambers, on the bottoms of the pistons and on the valve heads	3. Remove the cylinder head, remove the valves, remove carbon deposits and grind the valves to their seats
Self-ignition of the working mixture in the engine cylinders after the ignition is turned off
1. Applied to the engine low octane gasoline	1. If it is impossible to supply the engine with the appropriate gasoline, slightly enrich the composition of the idle mixture and set the ignition as early as possible. Before stopping the engine by switching off the ignition, let it run at a minimum number of revolutions for Idling within 30 sec
2. The adjustment of the gaps between the valve tips and adjusting bolts rocker arms	2. Check and if necessary adjust valve clearances
Air cleaner spontaneously overflows with oil
1. Leaky oil line connected to the front or rear axle rocker arms	1. Replace the rubber O-rings of the oil line
2. The gap between the oil deflector and the valve cover at the crankcase ventilation hole has increased (more than 5 mm)	2. Bend the oil deflector, setting a gap of no more than 5 mm

By performing the recommended care and timely repair, as well as at normal mode operation with the use of recommended grades of fuel and lubricant, the engine provides a run of at least 100,000 km before overhaul.

Frequent car breakdowns on the road are an unpleasant phenomenon, but quite traditional. And sometimes even timely prevention does not save them. Troubleshooting in the "field" will require at least standard set car tools and jack. In addition, it would be useful to have a supply of rags for cleaning surfaces and a special repair "substrate" that allows you to keep your clothes relatively clean.

The most common problems that occur on the road

1) The motor does not rotate when trying to start

Possible causes of problems:

- the battery is discharged;

- the battery contacts are oxidized or weakened;

- a malfunction in the ignition system (relay, starter, ignition damaged or out of order);

— the clutch is not squeezed "to the full";

- lack of contact in the starter circuit;

— the flywheel jammed the gear.

2) Motor rotates but does not start

Possible causes of problems:

- lost contact in the ignition system;

— the electrodes of the spark plugs are worn out;

- loss of contact at the battery terminals;

- lack of the necessary revolutions for the start due to low battery;

- no fuel in the tank;

— in the presence of a fuel leak in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe nozzles;

- a malfunction in the carburetor mechanism;

- a malfunction in the ignition or power systems.

3) Difficult "cold start"

Starting the engine under conditions low temperatures most often it is difficult due to:

- battery discharge;

- faulty injector;

- Malfunctions in the fuel injection system.

4) Problems with starting a hot engine

Most likely causes:

- lack of fuel in the system;

- clogged air filter (needs replacement);

- oxidation of battery contacts.

5) Starter problems

If, when starting the starter, elevated level noise or other signs of malfunction (uneven operation, etc.), the cause may be:

- wear of the starter itself in the gear area;

— Loss of fasteners or loosening of fasteners.

6) The engine "stalls" after starting

Most likely causes:

- disruptions at work fuel pump;

- air supply to intake manifold or carburetor;

- short circuit in the field of electrical connections (coil, generator, distributor).

7) Oil leak in the engine area

Abundant traces of oil on the engine indicate a loss of tightness in the system.

8) uneven work engine at idle

uneven work on idling may be due to a vacuum leak. Check the condition of the air filter and hose system.

9) Leak detected brake fluid

Ideally, such a breakdown requires towing the car. But if this is not possible, it is worth trying to replace it with antifreeze, strong alcohol, or, in the most extreme case, soapy water. Such a “substitution” will allow you to proceed with caution to the nearest service station, where the liquid will be replaced with a regular one after flushing the system.

10) The carbon rod of the distributor is defective

A pencil gifel will help to replace the coal of the distributor for a while - its carbon structure serves as a completely equivalent analogue.

11) It is necessary to urgently replace the clamp

You can replace the standard clamp with a piece of wire, tightly wrapping it around the junction and securing it in the form of twisted "antennae". In the future, such an "express clamp" requires an early replacement.

12) Broken gasket

The cardboard gasket can be repaired by first rinsing with mineral spirits, gasoline or acetone and fastening the rupture with electrical tape or other material. Of course, at the first opportunity, such an “alternative” option must be replaced.

13) The nut does not turn off

A rusted nut must first be moistened with gasoline or kerosene, wait about a quarter of an hour, and then tighten with a wrench and gently tap on it with a hammer until the movement of the nut along the thread becomes noticeable.

Your car is immaculate. You constantly, you keep its interior clean, regularly follow the recommended maintenance schedule. But at one point, everything goes wrong. On the way, your engine suddenly overheats or a burning smell appears through the side door, the car does not start well or. Or something else that indicates a malfunction of the car.

The driving style of each driver is of great importance in terms of safety, but equally important is how he maintains his car technically. Appropriate car care practices will not only reduce the chances of car accident, but will also support environment and increase the durability of the car.

Signs of car aging

IN automotive world Today, there is more and more talk about the so-called aging of the car, when the efficiency of individual components reaches a maximum. With every kilometer traveled, the engine wears out, steering, the suspension is also destroyed, transmission mechanisms fail, wheels and tires age, electrical equipment and instrumentation are produced, fastenings of joints are weakened, pollution and deposits are formed. In the end, the body itself becomes unsuitable for further use.

Some difficulties are inevitable, but some can be prevented. Timely maintenance vehicle is a decisive factor in the durability of the car. It will help in the long run to avoid serious problems that accumulate over time.

Those drivers who do maintenance in accordance with the recommended schedule are not aware of vehicle malfunctions that adversely affect the performance of the car. Modern reliability components is such that, provided that they are checked or updated within the specified intervals, the sudden failure of those items that are subject to wear and tear is relatively rare.

The transmission is, thanks to which it is provided smooth switching speeds and starting off. Some of the causes of a car malfunction are a malfunction in its operation. Engine overheating, strange noises and difficulty shifting, loss of power and lack of acceleration, fresh fluid stains under the car are just some of the symptoms of transmission failure. Each feature can have a number possible causes, some of which will require major repairs, while others need only adjustment.

On the video - automatic transmission malfunction diagnostics:

Tire defects

Although tires may seem like a very simple part of a vehicle, they are actually one of the main components of a car's stability and durability. Tires need your car as well as friction with the road to ensure driving safety.

Untimely maintenance of wheels and tires will lead to an increase in the imbalance of the front wheels, uneven tire pressure and wear, as well as misalignment of the wheels.

Types of tire defects

Tires have many different layers of rubber, fabric and steel wire that are designed to provide strength and durability. However, if there is a problem with any of these layers, it can lead to their weakening and imbalance, and even ejection. Some malfunctions that prevent the operation of the vehicle include:

• external damage to the tread;
• separation between layers;
• for this car model;
• installation of tires of different sizes on one axle.

Brake system problems

Faults brake system vehicles are among the most dangerous species mechanical errors. If the working stroke has increased, the car has skid during braking, while one of the wheels is not released, which leads to heating brake drum- such signs indicate that there is a problem in the brake system.

Malfunctions that prohibit the operation of the car, which relate to the brake system, are as follows:

• the tightness of the pneumatic, hydraulic and pneumohydraulic brake actuator is broken in the car;
• a non-working pressure gauge of pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake actuators was found;
• does not ensure a stationary state when using the parking brake.

On the video - diagnostics of malfunctions of the brake system:

Causes of failure of the front and rear suspensions

Problems in the operation of the front and rear suspension can significantly affect the handling and safety of the machine and, as a result, lead to a gradual loss of performance and durability of the car.

All suspension failures lead to a possible spontaneous withdrawal of the car to the side. Causes of car malfunction are as follows important aspects, as an increase in play in the threaded joints, wear of the rubber bushings, breakage of the rubber compression or rebound buffer, as well as in the settling or breakage of the spring and loosening of the hub. The consequence of a malfunction of the suspension is a draft or failure of the shock absorber strut.

On the video - an example of diagnosing a BMW suspension:

Electrical faults in the car

Many car malfunctions can be diagnosed as. They account for about 4% of all breakdowns. As vehicles become more and more complex, electrical problems responsible for a large number of breakdowns.

Headlights are missing, as well as rear parking lights, the wiper does not work during difficult weather conditions- such malfunctions, prohibiting the operation of the car, can be caused by several reasons.

The source of these problems is usually a malfunction of the battery and alternator. However, in addition, the starter, instrumentation, spark plugs or distributor may fail.

On the video - an example of the operation of a scanner for diagnosing electrical equipment of a car:

Conclusion!

After car factory where they assembled your car, did their job, now it is your responsibility to save yourself from an accident and possible dangers. A car will not become a tool that will make your life comfortable if you do not maintain its technical condition. Of course, car malfunctions can happen in this case too. But timely replacement parts, changing oil, checking treads will affect not only your safety, but also the durability of the car.

World's first engine internal combustion(ICE) suitable for practical use, was founded in 1878. It was developed by the German inventor Nikolaus Otto (1832-1891), who relied in his work on the research of the French Ethwen Lenoir (1822-1900) and Alphonse Beau de Rocha (1815-1893). It was the latter who, in 1862, proposed the use of a four-stroke working cycle "suction - compression - combustion and expansion - exhaust" in the engine. More than 150 years have passed since then, but the fundamental principle of the internal combustion engine has not changed much. stay the same and characteristic faults engine.

In the process of long-term use of internal combustion engines, mankind has accumulated vast experience in maintenance, diagnosis of major malfunctions and engine repair.

Signs of a faulty power unit

During the operation of the car, any car owner should carefully monitor the condition power unit. Any slightest malfunction that occurs in the motor, to one degree or another, immediately affects its operation.

So, experienced car enthusiasts, explaining to "dummies" how to check the engine, there are several fundamental signs that indicate the presence of malfunctions. Among them:

1. The appearance of extraneous sounds during engine operation.
2. Power drop of the power unit.
3. Increased consumption engine oil.
4. Reduced compression in the cylinders of the power unit.

NOTE. If the car engine does not start, this does not mean that it is faulty. Most often this is due to malfunctions of the on-board electrical network (blown fuses, dirty contacts, discharged battery, etc.) or attachments. However, starting the engine is possible only after these faults have been eliminated.

Causes of malfunctions

There are many reasons that can cause the appearance various faults automobile motor. IN general case even the smallest of them contribute to the reduction of its service life.

For example:

• the presence of dust on the roads when clogged air filter leads to its entry directly into the engine cylinders;
• low-quality fuel can clog fuel filters, which will also lead to unwanted mechanical particles entering the cylinders.

Such little things that are imperceptible at first glance, accumulating over time, can lead to the failure of the power unit. A large number of malfunctions also occur after incorrectly carried out Maintenance or engine repair.

Most often, the cause of the main engine malfunctions is its operation in extreme operating conditions. These reasons include:

1. The operation of the power unit with insufficient lubrication.
2. Motor overheating.
3. Using the wrong fuel.
4. Water hammer in the cylinder.

Diagnostics of identified faults

Troubleshooting is one of the most complex technological operations prior to repair. The duration and cost of repairs largely depend on the quality of its implementation.

In this case, the diagnosis:

• the mechanical part is carried out, guided outward signs defect;
• control systems are carried out using special diagnostic equipment.

The complexity of diagnosing also lies in the fact that the detected defect often turns out to be only a consequence of another, more complex malfunction. This is due to the fact that the power unit is assembled from a large number a wide variety of parts and assemblies, the defects of which are manifested by similar signs.

In addition, the mode of operation of the motor also affects the overall picture of the manifestation of a particular defect. Therefore, experienced craftsmen, knowing how to check the engine, carry out its diagnostics in stages, gradually narrowing the circle of defect search. At the same time, they use standard tables"Basic engine malfunctions", compiled for specific models cars.

Engine Trouble Symptoms

Unstable work

One of the first signals showing that there is a problem with the engine is unstable work the last one. The reasons for this behavior of the motor can be:

1. dirty spark plugs;
2. malfunctions in electronic unit control (ECU);
3. clogged air and fuel filters;
4. clogging of the fuel line;
5. use of low-quality fuel and much more.

extraneous sounds

Engine problems are indicated by extraneous sounds, suddenly appearing during its operation:

1. So tapping and crackling heard from the engine may be the result of detonation of fuel in the cylinders. This process, if left unattended, will very soon lead to irreversible piston damage and costly repairs.
2. , resounding from the cylinder head, indicates the need to adjust the valves of the gas distribution mechanism (timing).

Foreign odors

Another external manifestation of unexpected problems with the engine is the appearance of extraneous odors of fuel, engine oil, burnt rubber, etc.

And if the smell of rubber only indicates that one or more rubber pipes of the engine touch some of its hot parts, then the rest indicate that there is a leak of fuels and lubricants from the corresponding systems of the power unit.

Smoke

If engine smokes, i.e. goesthick smoke from the muffler pipe, this also indicates that the owner of the car could not avoid problems with the engine.

In some cases, the color of the smoke can be used to diagnose a malfunction:

1. Smoke blue color appears when engine oil gets into gasoline. As a rule, such smoke is accompanied by an increase in oil consumption.
2. White smoke indicates that coolant has entered the gasoline. In this case, the volume of coolant in the expansion tank should decrease.
3. On a car with a turbocharger blue smoke could be a problem with the turbo. The engine smokes also due to the fact that the bearings and seals of the turbine rotor are worn out. Thus, the car oil enters the exhaust system through the turbocharger and burns out, and smoke is generated.
4. The engine also smokes blue if there are difficulties with ignition. To confirm such a malfunction, you need to unscrew the spark plug by bad cylinder. If there is black soot, then, indeed, the cause is ignition.

Having discovered during the operation of the car at least one of the signs listed above, you must immediately visit the nearest, preferably certified service station, whose specialists know how to check the engine and eliminate the identified malfunctions.

The main malfunctions of motors

There are malfunctions of the power unit, if they are detected, starting the engine and operating the car is strictly prohibited. Some of them are determined directly when starting the engine or during a trip. The driver is informed about such malfunctions. special indicators faults located on dashboard vehicle.

These include:

1. control light emergency pressure oils (Oil pressure lov).
2. Indicator check engine(from English - “check the engine”).
3. Modern cars are also equipped with a Check oil / Oil level lov warning lamp (from English - “check the oil / low oil level”).

In the event of warning signals from emergency indicators, it is necessary to immediately check all vehicle systems, the performance of which they monitor.

So, when there are signals of a low level and / or insufficient pressure engine oil, do not start the engine or, if the indicators light up while the vehicle is moving, continue driving.

Working with a malfunctioning lubrication system can lead to serious breakdowns automobile motor, up to jamming. Therefore, even the delivery of the vehicle to the place of repair should be carried out with the help of a tow truck.

Starting the engine and further operation of the vehicle is allowed only after the malfunctions of the lubrication system have been eliminated.

As for the signal from the Check engine indicator, everything is not so simple here. Signaling that there are problems with the engine, the indicator does not give a clear answer to the question: "How to check the engine?".

In this case, the engine error reported by the ECU may be caused by malfunctions:

• oxygen sensor (lambda probe);
• exhaust gas catalyst;
• sensor mass flow fuel;
• high voltage wires;
• spark plugs.

In addition, the ECU displays on the Check indicator engine information engine error and depressurization fuel system car, one of the reasons for which may even be cracks in the cap that closes the fuel tank.

Why won't car engine start

Surprisingly, the inability to start the engine is not included in the list of main malfunctions of power units.

As a rule, the car engine does not start for the following reasons:

1. The battery is discharged or its terminals are oxidized.
2. Fuel does not flow (fuel line clogged, fuel supply pump does not work, etc.).
3. Starter defective.
4. Wire break.
5. ECU malfunction, etc.

Only after making sure that all the systems that ensure the operation of the power unit are in good order, they begin to search for the reasons why the engine does not start.

There are also a lot of such reasons, however, to independently diagnose the modern car motor, equipped big amount a wide variety of sensors, without special electronic equipment is almost impossible.

The only malfunction that you can independently detect and, having some repair experience, fix is ​​a broken timing belt.

ATTENTION! Getting Started self replacement timing belt, you need to make sure that the timing valves are working. If they are bent, and this often happens when the belt breaks, then replacing the latter and then starting the engine will lead to more serious damage and the need for expensive repairs.

The driver reads information about the state of the car and its systems from the instrument panel - through control lamps that show the state of the engine, gearbox, steering, working fluids, and so on. Therefore, if some indicators in your car simply do not work, it is impossible to identify the presence of a problem in time. This not only exacerbates the malfunction, which can lead to more costly repairs, but simply threatens the safety of passengers.

Non-working indicators and control lamps on the instrument panel must be repaired immediately. It’s easy to find out about their malfunction - usually, when the ignition is turned on, all the lamps on the shield light up, just for the purpose visual diagnostics their correctness. We saw a non-burning icon - plan a visit to the service.

Brake system

It's no secret that the braking system of a car must always be in good working order.

Yes, a slight leak of brake fluid from the line or a drop in pressure in the system allows you to operate the car for some time. But it is impossible to predict when this leak will develop into a critical one or the liquid will simply leave the system. But to imagine the consequences of such a nuisance - how.

Any malfunctions of the brake system - air in the line, damage to seals or hoses, breakage of the booster, jamming executive mechanisms and so on - require prompt elimination.

Steering

Malfunctions of the steering system (breakdown of the hydraulic or electric booster, steering rack, individual components) are also critical elements, since they directly affect traffic safety. At the slightest suspicion of problems with the steering, go to a car service for diagnostics. Most likely, the wizard will not find anything terrible, but it is better to solve any problem right away - it is both easier and cheaper.

Chassis

Problems with undercarriage motorists, as a rule, are in no hurry to eliminate. You can operate a car, they think. But it's not so simple. For example, a “buzzing” hub bearing during movement can become very hot and expand, which sooner or later leads to jamming of the hub assembly and blocking the wheel.

The result is a complete loss of control and, in best case, departure from the road. It is impossible to predict this moment in advance, but it is possible and necessary to repair it in time. The same rule applies to other components such as shock absorbers, springs, levers and silent blocks.

Cooling system

Any malfunction of the engine cooling system in most cases leads to a complete failure of the engine, costly repairs or replacement of the assembly. It is worth noting that with a slight coolant leak, you can still continue driving, maintaining the level of antifreeze within normal limits.

But malfunctions like a non-working thermostat or a cooling fan simply do not leave a chance to get to the nearest auto repair center on their own - the internal combustion engine will overheat and the above-mentioned repair will be provided.

Fuel system

Any fuel system leak is critical to road safety, so mechanical damage pipelines and connections require immediate elimination. Indeed, in a car, there are structurally a lot of parts that get very hot when driving (for example, exhaust system), and contact with even a small amount of fuel may cause a fire.

Working fluids

In the car, however, there are other working fluids that need an eye and an eye. For example, if you continue to drive with low level(pressure) of oil in the engine, then you can safely start saving money for its repair. Structurally, the engine is designed in such a way that without pressure in the lubrication system, it will wear out faster, parts with rubbing surfaces (of which there are many inside the internal combustion engine) will overheat, expand, deform, and - the result of all this - your motor is likely to jam. So if you see red control lamp oil pressure on the instrument panel - it is better to turn off the engine, stop and try to visually inspect the engine for possible oil leaks. If visual inspection will not work - try calling any car service and consult with them what to do next.

It is equally important to regularly check the levels of all working fluids in the system - the level of oil, antifreeze, brake and hydraulic fluids, as well as, oddly enough, fuel. After all, many motorists, for one reason or another, prefer to drive almost with empty tank, which can lead to failure of the gasoline pump: modern gasoline pumps are often cooled due to fuel circulation, and if the fuel suddenly runs out, the pump begins to suck in air and simply burns out.

Transmission

Any abnormal behavior automatic box gears - jerks, delays in switching, and so on - this is a reason to contact a specialized service. All these are the first signs of a malfunction of the transmission actuators or control system. It is important that in the process of emergency work power nodes gearboxes are subjected to excessive and extremely rapid wear. As a rule, if you postpone repairs all the time, you can "get" to overhaul the entire unit. Although initially the malfunction, most likely, was not so serious.

If you have mechanical box gears, then it is worth monitoring the condition of the clutch ( bad smell, extraneous sounds and reduced acceleration efficiency - a reason to contact the service), as well as for the gear shift mechanism and the oil level in the box. After all, repairing even a “manual” transmission is not a cheap pleasure.

Power supply

A malfunction of the battery charging system and the generator itself cannot be ignored. For some time, of course, you can move around using the accumulated battery charge. But, since in modern cars All systems, without exception, are powered by onboard network, on one battery it will be possible to drive no more than 30 km.