A large overview of car manufacturers and suppliers of hardware and software for autonomous transport.
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Analyst Brian Solis, who has been studying the unmanned technology industry for the past few years, has formulated the main trends in the market:
- Semi-autonomous vehicles as the last step towards full autonomy.
- The car as a place to relax, and the interior design is a separate direction for investing.
- "Humanization" of the behavior of unmanned vehicles for the convenience of other road users.
- High competition in the use of technological innovations and start-ups. Preference is given to innovations in the software and hardware sectors, which provide the bulk of the project's monetization.
Large manufacturers are buying up startups to own not only new ideas, but also the talent that generates them, so IT jobs are expected to grow in the automotive business. All this allows to come to the fore the principle of "plug and play", when new technologies can be easily modified into real car models.
Autonomous vehicles are used in industries such as farming, inventory management and construction. Uber, Tesla and Mercedes-Benz are experimenting with autonomous driving technologies in city buses and semi-trailers.
With all the fierce competition in the automotive market, companies are merging to reduce the cost of technology for the end consumer. For example, Waymo's initial implementation of lidar cost $80,000 per car, but costs have now dropped to $50,000. Lidar has been advertised as radar image processing, but there are already better technologies on the market, which provokes the company to reduce the cost of lidar.
Taking into account external conditions and test results, there is every reason to expect the launch of unmanned vehicles by 2021. At first, such cars will be limited to fixed routes. public transport because at this stage people want to see semi-autonomous cars, and manufacturers are going to meet them, making the transition to self-driving cars gradual.
The industry distinguishes six levels that characterize the driving of any car.
- Level 0. Driving in normal mode - the driver independently regulates the situation on the road, hands are always on the steering wheel, foot on the pedals.
- Level 1: Vehicle Assistance - Intelligent features improve safety and comfort. A driver is needed to resolve all emergencies.
- Level 2. Partial automation - part of the tasks can be automated, but is still controlled by the driver, who remains, in most cases, involved in the driving process.
- Level 3. Conditional automation - the car controls most of the functions important for safety, the driver takes control only in complex scenarios.
- Level 4: Highly automated – self-driving is possible in most road conditions without human intervention. The driver becomes a passenger.
- Level 5. Full autonomy - fully automated driving in all conditions without a human driver.
Photo from hackaday.io
local motors
The company combines projects open type and microfactories around the world to produce autonomous vehicles.
In June 2016, it introduced the Olli, a self-propelled bus that can be controlled via a mobile app or guided along a pre-planned route, and its cognitive software recognizes voice commands and can justify the decision. Olli is designed for use by transit agencies and municipal institutions. Produced using 3D printing and can accommodate up to 12 people.
Photo courtesy ofeet.ru
Lucid
Lucid Motors will build a $700 million plant in Arizona in 2017 to produce a new line of electric vehicles. The company is a pioneer in the production of lithium-ion batteries.
Lucid's immediate target is a high-performance 1,000-horsepower vehicle with an expected range of 400 miles per charge. The prototype will include self-driving capabilities, it will be equipped with ultrasonic sensors, long-range cameras, lidar and glass roof. The start of production of the line is expected no earlier than 2019, the estimated cost will exceed $100,000.
Photo from hi-news.ru
mercedes benz
In 1995, Mercedes-Benz opened a research and development center in Silicon Valley that works on infotainment systems, autonomous driving and battery technology. And the fully autonomous S500 Intelligent Drive is already on the streets of Silicon Valley.
In July 2016, Mercedes launched an autonomous bus with CityPilot, which it called "a milestone on the journey to an autonomous city bus and a revolutionary mobility system for the future."
Photo from uincar.ru
Mitsubishi
Mitsubishi showed off its self-driving car concept in October 2015. The car has a remote control capability, satellite data and high-resolution 3D maps.
In 2020, the company hopes to introduce a fully autonomous vehicle. Mitsubishi is now adapting technologies originally developed for military applications as a partner of the Japanese Ministry of Defense.
Image from motorglobe.org
NextEV
NextEV is a Chinese startup that announced in October 2016 its intention to enter the e-vehicle market. Engaged in the development of an all-electric supercar worth $ 1 million, onboard systems which will come under the control of artificial intelligence NOMI.
In addition, the startup is heavily investing in autonomous technology, led by Jamie Carlson, an early member of the Tesla Autopilot team.
Photo from theverge.com
Nissan
The company has announced the introduction of Nissan Leaf semi-autonomous vehicles from 2017 as part of its Propilot system. The first phase will introduce assisted steering and braking on highways. By 2018, a multi-lane navigation feature similar to that used in current Tesla models and some Mercedes-Benz models. In 2020 Nissan will add new features for navigating the city.
In parallel, Nissan is working with NASA researchers on autonomous driving systems and human-machine interaction projects. In particular, the Seamless Autonomous Mobility technology works on the same principle as the NASA control system for rover movement: in an unusual situation, the vehicle stops and contacts the center.
Photo from geektimes.ru
Porsche
Although CEO Porsche Oliver Blume told a German newspaper that Porsche is not developing self-driving models, in September 2016, Tesla's rival Mission E was unveiled in Paris, which the company will bring to market in 2020. However, there are no plans to produce a fully autonomous car, as Porsche believes that the main pleasure that a driver can get from a luxury car is the ability to drive it independently.
Photo from solara-nvisible.ru
Peugeot, Citroen and
The French automaker has announced that its vehicles will have Level 2 driver assistance systems by 2018 and fully autonomous vehicles by 2021. In the short term, cars will be equipped intelligent system, which can take control if necessary.
At the same time, the company takes the position that manufacturers will not be able to receive profits from unmanned vehicles until 2020 due to the huge amount of technology needed to support development productivity.
In April 2016, PSA Group successfully road-tested two autonomous Citroen C4 Picasso vehicles on the highway between Paris and Amsterdam. Since then, the number of unmanned models at the disposal of the company has doubled. The PSA Group was the first to obtain the necessary permits to test its vehicles on French roads.
Photo from peugeot-citroen.club
Subaru
One of Subaru's most advanced features is the EyeSight system, which monitors driver behavior and well-being. As for driving on the track, the company will offer a fully autonomous system by 2020.
Photo from i2.wp.com
Tesla
Tesla's autonomous car policy has been one of the most aggressive, and this is one of the reasons for its unequivocal leadership in the autonomous car market. Tesla is the first to introduce a wide range of autopilot functions into the vehicle control system, which can take over control of the steering, braking and switching lines.
The system is expected to combine Nexteer's advanced control features and Continental's automated driving concept.
Photo from topgearrussia.ru
Velodyne
One of the most expensive parts of an autonomous vehicle is the lidar, which could cost upwards of $75,000 today. Velodyne is developing solid technology, including its latest product, the Velodyne Lidar Puck, which has brought the cost of lidar down to $8,000. Velodyne is currently working on 19 standalone projects with 10 high-tech companies and nine automakers.
Image from 2.bp.blogspot.com
TRW
TRW develops autonomous systems security and software for unmanned vehicle systems. At CES 2017, it announced a partnership with Nvidia to develop what they call the world's first "AI autonomous vehicle computer."
Technological system Powered by Nvidia, ZF ProAI targets multiple industries, from mining and agriculture to railway transport. The company intends to develop its own road system by 2018.
Image from autocentre.ua
Autonomous platform
Baidu
Chinese search giant Baidu has been working with autonomous vehicles since 2013. BMW is one of its key partners.
In June, Baidu unveiled its official plans to mass-produce driverless cars by 2021 based on the Baidu Brain system. Like Mercedes, it has announced plans to develop autonomous shuttle and tour buses with the full support of the Chinese government.
Photo from news.sputnik.ru
Delphi
A British automotive parts supplier has developed its own software platform and sensors to turn any vehicle into an unmanned vehicle. In April 2016, the company equipped the Audi Q5 with its technology and successfully tested it on a 4800 km segment, where the system worked 99% autonomously.
Photo from kolesa.ru
Microsoft
Microsoft, a relative newcomer to the self-driving car business, is actively exploring autonomous control and cloud computing capabilities used in the mapping business. For example, in partnership with Volvo, Microsoft hopes to introduce HoloLens (augmented reality technology). In particular, the companies intend to modernize the process of buying cars.
In September 2011, Microsoft announced a partnership with Renault-Nissan to develop next-generation cloud services. Alliance will be the first client of the new platform.
Photo from motor.ru
Polysync
The American Polysync offers an operating system that will simplify and accelerate the development, testing and implementation of autonomous driving technologies. The value of the Polysync offering lies in saving resources and time from building code from scratch. According to the developers of the platform, Polysync wants to become "the iOS or Android of the automotive industry."
Photo from hi-tech.headway.news
Qualcomm
Qualcomm is engaged in semiconductor and telecommunications equipment, developing and selling chip-based solutions for wireless telecommunications products and services.
In June 2016, Qualcomm debuted its Connected Car Reference Platform aimed at automakers and technology partners. In addition, Qualcomm is investing in LET Broadcast technology for intelligent communication.
Image from integral-russia.ru
Development of automatic control systems
Google's autonomous vehicle program is one of the most ambitious and publicly available to date. Self-driving cars of the Google X program have been driving around Silicon Valley for several years. The company has 21 modified Lexus SUVs and 33 small fully autonomous vehicles. Google X vehicles have traveled nearly 3 million miles on the streets of California, Texas and Washington.
In December 2016, Google announced the launch of a startup called Waymo, and the completion of the first road run was announced at a Silicon Valley press conference. common use on a vehicle not equipped with a steering wheel and pedals.
In 2016, a partnership was reported between Waymo and Fiat Chrysler, the result will be the Chrysler Pacific autonomous minibus, which is expected to be released by the end of 2017. Similar partnership negotiations are under way with Honda.
Image from hi-news.ru
Hitachi
A successful developer of an obstacle detection camera, machine interface actuators, electronic control units and more that help autonomous vehicles navigate the roads safely. The company aims to provide technology solutions for automakers that do not develop them themselves.
In December 2016, Hitachi Automotive announced that its ADAS ECU is being used on the new Serena that Nissan launched in August 2016.
Image from pvsm.ru
Oryx
Israel's Oryx Vision raised $17 million in October 2016 to develop an infrared vision system, a long-range optical radar. The system uses a terahertz infrared laser and advanced microscopic antennas to further scan the roadway further and in greater detail than lidar. The system is protected from the possibility of being blinded by sunlight or fog.
Image from cdn.motorpage.ru/
Seegrid
Seegrid's history dates back to 2003. The company develops sensors and software for controlling industrial vehicles at production facilities. The latest developments are related to the introduction of technology for daily driving.
The system is controlled by stereo cameras that mimic human vision and provides depth of field by combining image data and distances from a single sensor. Seegrid has already implemented a successful prototype based on the Nissan Leaf and hopes to partner with a number of automakers in 2017.
Photo from post-gazette.com
Canvas
The idea of Canvas Technology is a system for integrated autonomous delivery of goods to warehouses and factories. Canvas is only revealing part of its autonomous technology plans as it is still working on its own market positioning.
Image from mms.businesswire.com
Perrone Robotics
Perrone Robotics is a software developer called "MAX" for autonomous vehicles and robotics general purpose. The startup received funding from Intel Capital in October 2016.
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MAX enables manufacturers to rapidly develop semi-autonomous and fully autonomous vehicle and robotics applications and enables continuous improvement in system capabilities. Metrics collected in past projects using MAX have demonstrated a 100-fold increase in productivity in the development of fully autonomous vehicles.
WriteAccording to the available statistics, most of this happens with the participation of cars, therefore, the designers and manufacturers of cars pay special attention to safety considerations. A large amount of work in this direction is carried out at the design stage, where modeling of all kinds of dangerous moments that can occur on the road is carried out.
Modern active and passive vehicle safety systems include both separate auxiliary devices and rather complex technological solutions. The use of this whole range of tools is designed to help car drivers and all other road users make life safer.
Active safety systems
The main task of the installed active safety systems is to create conditions to exclude the occurrence of any kind. At the moment, active safety is mainly responsible for electronic systems car.
At the same time, it should be borne in mind that the driver is still the main link ensuring the absence of emergency situations on the road. All available electronic systems should only help him in this and facilitate the management of the vehicle, correcting minor errors.
Anti-lock braking system (ABS)
Anti-lock braking devices are currently installed on most of all vehicles. Such safety systems help to prevent blocking of the wheels at the time of braking. This makes it possible to maintain controllability of the vehicle in all difficult situations.
The greatest need for application ABS systems usually occurs when moving on a slippery road. If, during icy conditions, the vehicle control unit receives information that the speed of rotation of any of the wheels is less than that of the others, then the ABS regulates the pressure of the brake system on it. As a result, the speed of rotation of all wheels is aligned.
Traction Control (ASC)
This type of active safety can be considered one of the varieties anti-lock braking system, and it is designed to ensure controllability of the vehicle during acceleration or climbing on the road with slippery surface. Slippage in this case is prevented due to the redistribution of torque between the wheels.
Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
An active car safety system of this kind allows you to maintain the stability of the vehicle and prevent the occurrence of emergencies. At its core, ESP uses anti-slip and anti-lock systems, stabilizing the movement of the car. In addition, ESP is responsible for drying the brake pads, which greatly facilitates the situation when driving on a wet track.
Brake Force Distribution (EBD)
It is necessary to distribute braking forces in order to exclude the possibility of skidding the vehicle during braking. EBD is a type of anti-lock braking system and redistributes pressure in brake system between the front and rear wheels.
Differential lock system
The main task of the differential is to transmit torque from the gearbox to the drive wheels. Such a safety complex ensures the transmission of force to all consumers in the event that one of the drive wheels has poor grip, is in the air or on a slippery road.
Descent or ascent assistance systems
The inclusion of such systems greatly facilitates the control of the vehicle when driving downhill or uphill. The purpose of the electronic assistance system is to maintain the required speed by braking one of the wheels if necessary.
parking system
Parktronic sensors are activated when the car is maneuvering in order to prevent it from colliding with other objects. In order to warn the driver, an audible signal is given, sometimes the display shows the remaining distance to the obstacle.
Hand brake
The main purpose of the parking brake is to hold the vehicle in a static position while parked.
Vehicle passive safety systems
The goal that any passive vehicle safety system should fulfill is to reduce the severity of possible consequences in the event that an emergency situation does occur. Applied methods of passive protection can be as follows:
- safety belt;
- airbag;
- headrest;
- parts of the front panel of the machine made of soft material;
- front and rear bumpers absorbing energy upon impact;
- folding steering column;
- secure pedal assembly;
- suspension of the engine and all the main units, leading it under the bottom of the car in case of an accident;
- production of glass using technology that prevents the occurrence of sharp fragments.
Safety belt
Among all the passive safety systems used in a car, belts are considered one of the main elements.
In the event of an accident, seat belts help keep the driver and passengers in their place.
Airbag
Along with restraint belts, the airbag is also one of the main elements of passive protection. Rapidly inflating airbags protect vehicle occupants from injury from the steering wheel, glass or dash when they occur.
Headrest
Headrests allow you to protect the cervical region of a person in some types of accidents.
Conclusion
Active and passive vehicle safety systems in many cases help prevent accidents, but only responsible behavior on the road can largely guarantee the absence of serious consequences.
According to statistics, about 80-85% of all road traffic accidents occur in cars. That is why automakers, when developing a car design, pay maximum attention to its safety - after all, the safety of a single car directly depends on and general security traffic on the roads. It is necessary to provide for the whole range of potentially dangerous situations that a car can theoretically get into, and they depend on many different factors.
Modern ones provide for both active and passive vehicle safety and include whole line devices: car airbags, anti-lock braking system (ABS), traction control and anti-skid systems and many other means. The reliability of the car design will help the driver not get into trouble and protect his life and the lives of passengers in the difficult conditions of modern roads.
Active and passive vehicle safety
In general, vehicle safety is divided into active and passive. What do these terms mean? Active safety includes all those properties of the car design, with the help of which it prevents and / or reduces itself. Thanks to such properties, the driver can change - in other words, the car will not become uncontrollable in an emergency.
The rational design of the machine is the key to its active safety. Here, the so-called "anatomical" seats, which repeat the shape of the human body, the heating of the windshield and rear-view mirrors to prevent them from freezing, windshield wipers on the headlights, and sun visors play an important role here. In addition, various modern systems contribute to active safety - anti-lock systems that control the speed of the car as a whole and the operation of its individual mechanisms, signaling malfunctions, etc.
By the way, body color is also of great importance for the active safety of the car. The safest in this regard are the shades of the warm spectrum - yellow, orange, red - as well as white body color.
Increasing the visibility of the car at night is also achieved in other ways - for example, special reflective paint is applied to license plates and bumpers. Also, in order to increase active safety, a well-thought-out arrangement of devices on the dashboard And quality review With driver's seat. It should be remembered that, according to road statistics, the steering, doors, windshield and dashboard are most often damaged in accidents.
In the event that an accident does occur, the leading role in the situation passes to passive safety techniques.
The concept of passive safety includes such features of the vehicle design that help to reduce the severity of an accident if one occurs. Passive safety manifests itself when the driver is still unable to change the nature of the movement of the car to prevent an accident, despite the active safety measures taken.
Passive safety, like active safety, depends on many design nuances. This includes, for example, the bumper device, the presence of arches, belts and airbags, the level of cabin rigidity and other conditions.
The front and rear of the vehicle are generally less robust than the middle - this is also done for passive safety reasons. The middle part, where people are placed, is usually protected by a more rigid frame, while the front and rear cushion the impact and thereby reduce the inertial load. For the same reasons, cross members and spars are usually weakened - they are made of brittle metals that collapse or deform upon impact, taking on its main energy and thus softening it.
By the way, it is to increase the indicators of passive safety that the engine of the car is usually installed on link suspension- this design serves to avoid moving the engine into the passenger compartment upon impact. Thanks to the suspension, the motor falls down, under the floor of the body.
Rigid steering wheel also poses a danger to the driver, especially in a head-on collision. That is why the steering hubs are made of large diameter and covered with a special elastic shell - soft pads and bellows partially absorb the impact energy.
Seat belts remain one of the most effective and uncomplicated safety features at a low cost. The installation of these belts is mandatory in accordance with the laws of many countries (including Russian Federation). Equally widespread are airbags - another simple tool that is designed to limit the sudden movement of people in the cabin at the time of impact. The airbags of the car only work directly upon impact, protecting people's heads and upper parts of the body from damage. The disadvantages of airbags include enough loud noise in the process of filling them with gas - this noise can even damage the eardrums. In addition, airbags do not adequately protect people in a rollover or side impact. That is why the search for ways to improve them is constantly ongoing - for example, experiments are being made to replace airbags with so-called safety nets (which should also limit the sudden movement of a person in the cabin during an accident) - and other similar means.
As another simple and effective anti-traumatic agent in an accident, one can also name secure fastening seats - ideally, it should withstand multiple overloads (up to 20g).
In a rear collision, the passenger's neck is protected from serious injury by the seat head restraints. In the event of an accident, the driver's legs are protected from damage by a safety pedal assembly - in such an assembly, in the event of a collision, the pedals are separated from their mounts, softening the hard blow.
In addition to the above precautions, modern cars are equipped with safety glass, which, when broken, crumbles into non-sharp fragments and triplex.
The overall passive safety of the vehicle also depends on the size of the car and the integrity of its frame. during a collision, they should not change their shape - the impact energy is absorbed by other parts. To test all these properties, before going into production, each car is subjected to special checks called crash tests.
So, the passive safety system of the car in its complete set significantly increases the possibility of survival for the driver and passengers in the event of an accident and helps them avoid serious injuries.
Modern active safety systems
The development of the auto industry has recently given motorists many new systems that significantly increase useful qualities active vehicle safety.
Particularly common in this list is the ABS system - anti-lock braking system. It helps to prevent accidental locking of the wheels and thus to avoid loss of control of the machine, as well as its slipping. Thanks to the ABS system, the braking distance is significantly reduced, which allows you to maintain control over the movement of the machine when emergency braking. In other words, in the presence of ABS, the driver has the opportunity to perform the necessary maneuvers in the process of braking. The electronic unit anti-lock braking system through the hydraulic modulator affects the braking system of the machine, based on the analysis of signals from the wheel rotation sensors.
Most often, thanks to intensive braking, the driver can prevent an accident - therefore, any car needs a properly functioning braking system in general, and ABS in particular. The machine must effectively slow down in all situations, thereby reducing the risk of danger to the driver, passengers in the cabin, bystanders and other vehicles.
Of course, the active safety of the vehicle is significantly increased if it is equipped with ABS. By the way, in addition to cars themselves, this system is also equipped with trailers, motorcycles and even wheeled chassis of aircraft! The latest generations of ABS are often also equipped with traction control, electronic stability control and an auxiliary system for emergency braking.
APS, Anti-Slip Control (ASR, Antriebs-Schlupf-Regelung), also called traction control, serves to eliminate dangerous loss of traction by controlling the slip of the machine's drive wheels. The useful properties of APS can be especially fully appreciated when driving on slippery and / or wet roads, as well as in other conditions where insufficient grip is manifested. The traction control system is directly connected to the ABS, due to which it receives all the necessary information about the speed of rotation of the driving and driven wheels of the car.
SKU, the system of exchange rate stability, also called electronic stability control, also belongs to the active safety systems of the car. Her work helps prevent the car from skidding. This effect is achieved due to the fact that the computer controls the torque of the wheel (or several wheels). The stability control system is used to stabilize the movement of the vehicle in the most dangerous situations - for example, when the likelihood of losing control of the car becomes dangerously high, or even when control has already been lost. That is why electronic stability control is considered one of the most effective mechanisms for active vehicle safety.
RTS, the electronic brake force distribution is also a logical complement to the ABS system. This system distributes the braking force between the wheels so that the driver is able to control the vehicle at all times, and not just during emergency braking. The RTS helps to maintain the stability of the car when braking by equally distributing the braking force between all its wheels, analyzing their position and dosing the braking force in the most effective way. In addition, the brake force distributor significantly reduces the risk of skidding or skidding during braking - especially when cornering and on mixed road surfaces.
EBD, electronic differential lock, is also associated with the ABS system and plays an important role in ensuring the active safety of the car as a whole. As you know, the differential transmits torque from the gearbox to the drive wheels and works correctly if these wheels are firmly attached to the road. However, there are situations when one of the wheels may be on ice or in the air - then it will rotate, and the other wheel, standing firmly on the surface, will lose its rotational force. That's when the EBD is connected, thanks to the work by which the differential is blocked, and the torque is transmitted to all its consumers, incl. and fixed drive wheel. That is, the electronic differential lock slows down the slipping wheel until its rotational speed is equal to the non-spinning one. The EBD especially affects the safety of the car during sudden acceleration and uphill movement. It also significantly increases the level of traffic safety in difficult weather conditions and even while moving in reverse. However, it should be remembered that the EBD does not work when cornering.
APS, acoustic parking system, refers to auxiliary systems active vehicle safety. It is also known by such names as parking sensors, acoustic parking system, PDC (Parking distance control), ultrasonic parking sensor ... There are many terms for defining APS, but this device serves one main purpose - to control the distance between the car and obstacles during parking. With the help of ultrasonic sensors, the parking sensors are able to measure the distance from the car to nearby objects. As these objects approach the vehicle, the nature of the acoustic signals of the APS changes, and the display shows information about the distance remaining to the obstacle.
ACC, adaptive cruise control, is a device that also belongs to the auxiliary active safety systems of the car. Thanks to the work of the cruise control, a constant speed of the car is maintained. In this case, the speed is automatically reduced in case of an increase, and, accordingly, increases in case of a decrease.
By the way, the well-known parking hand brake(colloquially - a handbrake) is also one of the auxiliary devices for the active safety of the vehicle. The good old handbrake keeps the car stationary relative to the support surface, holding it on slopes and helping to slow down in parking lots.
Hill-descent assistance systems, in turn, also significantly increase the vehicle's active safety performance.
Progress for life
Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to completely avoid road traffic accidents. However, every year hundreds and thousands of cars leave the assembly lines, more and more advanced in terms of active and passive safety. New generations of machines, in comparison with the previous ones, are equipped with much more advanced safety systems, which can significantly reduce the risk of an accident and minimize its consequences in cases where an accident cannot be avoided.
Video - active systems security
Video - passive car safety
Conclusion!
Undoubtedly, the most important determining factor in the active and passive safety of a car is the reliability of all its vital important systems, . The most serious requirements are placed on the reliability of those elements of the machine that allow it to carry out various maneuvers. Such devices include brake and steering systems, transmission, suspension, engine, etc. To improve the uptime of all systems modern cars, every year more and more new technologies are applied, previously unused materials are used and the design of cars of all brands is being improved.
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What do these abbreviations stand for: DSC, HDS, EBA, etc.? Publish the transcript brief characteristics these vehicle systems aimed at ensuring safety and comfort.
The main electronic security systems of modern cars
AAR(Automatic Air Recirculation)
BMW system that automatically turns off air recirculation (intake) when harmful impurities are detected in it.
ABC(Active Body Control)
The active control system in Mercedes, serves to adjust the stiffness of the shock absorbers and the ride height.
ACD(Active Center Differential)
The center differential system in Mitsubishi vehicles has three modes: asphalt, gravel, snow.
ADB-X(Automatic Differential Brake)
Electronic system included in DSC. Slows down spinning wheels.
ASC+T(Automatic Stability Control + Traction)
The system of course stability, prevents the slippage of the driving wheels of the car.
ASR(Anti-Slip Regulation).
Analogues: ETS, ESR, TCS, STC, TSC, TRACS, TRC.
Anti-skid system.
In the event of slipping of the vehicle's wheels, the ASR system automatically reduces the engine speed and, if necessary, brakes the wheels that begin to slip. Can be part of the ESP system
ABS(Anti-Lock Brake System).
Anti-lock braking system (ABS).
Serves to prevent loss of traction of the wheels of the car with the road during heavy braking. Prevents the brakes from locking up when braking
AWC(ALL Wheel Control)
Used in Mitsubishi AWD vehicles, it controls torque, braking, steering effort and suspension stiffness.
AYC(Active Yaw Control)
Differential that redistributes torque between the right and left wheels to compensate for under/oversteer.
B.A., B.A.S.(Brake Assist)
In the event of emergency braking, it raises the pressure in the brake line.
CBC(Cornering Brake Control)
Regulates pressure individually in each brake cylinder so that the car can brake when cornering with maximum efficiency. The system was developed by BMW engineers.
CBS(Condition Based Service)
Again, the development of the Bavarian automakers. Serves to diagnose BMW cars and writes data to a chip located in the key.
DAC(Downhill Assist Control)
Analogues: HDC, DDS
Controls speed when descending a mountain. As a rule, when moving forward no more than 5-7 km / h, in reverse - 3-5 km / h.
DBC(Dynamic Brake Control)
Analogues: BA, BAS
Helps with emergency braking, controls the pressure in the brake system.
DRC(Dynamic Ride Control) mechanical system which changes the characteristics of shock absorbers. Implemented by Audi engineers.
DSC(Dynamic Stability Control)
Analogues: ESP
In the event of a drift or skid, it slows down right wheels and controls the thrust of the engine.
DSG (Direct Shift gearbox)
Robotic gearbox with double clutch, shifts gears without breaking the power flow.
DSP(Dynamic Shift Program)
Allows the gearbox to adapt to the driver's driving style and external conditions.
DSTC((Dynamic Stability and Traction Control)
Analogs: ASC+T
Dynamic stabilization and traction control.
DTC(Dynamic Traction Control)
Program in DSC. Controls the torque on the drive wheels when starting the car and when changing gears.
EBA(Emergency Brake Assist).
Analogues: BA, BAS, PA, PABS.
Driver assistance system for emergency braking.
Controls the pressure in the hydraulic system of the vehicle's brakes. During emergency braking, it can independently increase the pressure in the brake line.
EBD(Electronic Braking Distribution)
The system of optimal distribution of braking force between the wheels of the car.
Distributes the braking force according to the number of passengers and vehicle load, making braking more efficient.
EDS
EDC(Electronic Damper Control)
EDL(Electronic Differential Lock)
Simulates a differential lock by braking one of the drive wheels.
EPB(Electronic Parking Brake)
An electronic system that simulates a mechanical hand brake. When you press the gas pedal, it turns off.
ESP(Electronic Stability Program).
Analogues: DSC, VDC, VSC, DSTC, ATTS, VSA.
System of exchange rate stability (system of stabilization of the movement).
Serves to stabilize the movement of the car. It is triggered when a dangerous situation arises, when a loss of vehicle control is possible or has already occurred. Reduces engine speed and brakes the desired wheels to align the vehicle on the desired trajectory.
EDS(Electronische Differential Spray)
Electronic differential lock system.
At speeds up to 40 km/h, EDS prevents one or both drive wheels from spinning when starting off, accelerating and driving uphill. When one of the drive wheels slips, the system locks the differential and redistributes more torque to the wheel that has good traction.
EDC(Electronic Damper Control)
Electronic shock absorber adjustment system.
The EDC system adapts the stiffness of the shock absorber to varying road and driving conditions. It also allows the driver to independently select the suspension stiffness mode.
FPS(Fire Prevention System)
In the event of a fire threat, it shuts off the fuel supply. Development of Alfa-Romeo.
HAC(Hill-start Assist Control)
Analogues: MSR
Eliminates slippage when driving uphill by braking the drive wheels.
HDC(Hill Descent Control)
Analogues: DAC
Traction control system for descending steep and slippery slopes.
When turned on, it automatically maintains the descent speed by braking the wheels and reducing engine speed. Fits all wheel drive vehicles.
HH(Hill holder)
Hill start assist system. After the driver has released the brake pedal, he keeps the car from rolling down with the brakes for 1.5 seconds.
MSR(Modulate System Regulation)
To adjust the torque on the wheels on steep slopes, to avoid slipping.
PDS(Park Distance Control)
Parktronic. Ultrasonic sensors measure the distance to the nearest obstacle and the system notifies the driver with voice, sound / light signals.
SRS / Air Bag(Supplemental Restraint System)
Auxiliary retention system.
Includes Air Bags and seat belt pretensioners. SRS is activated in frontal and side collisions.
TC(Traction Control)
Analogues: ASR
System to reduce wheel slip at start.
TDI(Tire Damage Indicator)
A system for monitoring the air pressure in car tires.
VDC(Vehicle Dynamic Control)
Controls the torque to stabilize the trajectory.
VSC(Vehicle Stability Control)
Analogues: DSC, ESP
When skidding, it restores tire grip with the road, slowing down the necessary wheels.
WIL(Whiplash Injury Lessening)
Rear impact protection system for driver and passengers. Developed by Toyota.
Undoubtedly, different systems There are a lot of car safety, each company is developing something different. With the advent of new car models, more and more advanced systems security and improved old ones. Increasing comfort. We will follow developments in this area.
If you have anything to add or clarify, please let us know.
Alexey Poltavsky, Autoclub78
