This List establishes malfunctions of cars, buses, road trains, trailers, motorcycles, mopeds, tractors, other self-propelled machines and the conditions under which their operation is prohibited. Methods for checking the above parameters are regulated by GOST R 51709-2001 "Motor vehicles. Safety requirements for technical condition and verification methods."
1. Brake systems
1.1. Norms of braking efficiency of the working brake system do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.
1.2. The tightness of the hydraulic brake drive is broken.
1.3. Violation of the tightness of the pneumatic and pneumohydraulic brake drives causes a drop in air pressure with the engine off by 0.05 MPa or more in 15 minutes after they are fully activated. Compressed air leak from wheel brake chambers.
1.4. The pressure gauge of the pneumatic or pneumohydraulic brake drives does not work.
1.5. The parking brake system does not provide a stationary state:
- Vehicle with full load - on a slope up to 16 percent inclusive;
- cars and buses in running order - on a slope of up to 23 percent inclusive;
- trucks and road trains in running order - on a slope of up to 31 percent inclusive.
2. Steering
2.1. The total steering play exceeds the following values:
- Passenger cars and trucks and buses created on their basis - 10 degrees
- Buses - 20 degrees
- Trucks - 25 degrees
2.2. There are movements of parts and assemblies not provided for by the design. Threaded connections are not tightened or not secured in the prescribed manner. The device for fixing the position of the steering column is inoperative.
2.3. The power steering or steering damper (for motorcycles) provided for by the design is faulty or missing.
3. External lighting fixtures
3.1. The number, type, color, location and mode of operation of external lighting devices do not meet the requirements of the vehicle design.
Note.
On vehicles discontinued from production, it is allowed to install external lighting devices from vehicles of other makes and models.
3.2. Headlight adjustment does not comply with GOST R 51709-2001.
3.3. Do not work in the set mode or external lighting devices and retroreflectors are dirty.
3.4. There are no diffusers on the lighting devices or diffusers and lamps are used that do not correspond to the type of this lighting device.
3.5. The installation of flashing beacons, the methods of their attachment and the visibility of the light signal do not meet the established requirements.
3.6. Installed on the vehicle:
- in front - lighting devices with lights of any color other than white, yellow or orange, and retroreflective devices of any color other than white;
- behind - lights reversing and public lighting registration plate with lights of any color other than white, and other lighting devices with lights of any color other than red, yellow or orange, as well as retroreflective devices of any color other than red.
Note.
The provisions of this paragraph do not apply to state registration, distinctive and identification marks installed on vehicles.
4. Windscreen wipers and washers windshield
4.1. Windshield wipers do not work in the set mode.
4.2. Windshield washers provided for by the design of the vehicle do not work.
5. Wheels and tires
5.1. The remaining depth of the tire tread pattern (in the absence of wear indicators) is no more than:
- for vehicles of categories L - 0.8 mm;
- for vehicles of categories N2, N3, O3, O4 - 1 mm;
- for vehicles of categories M1, N1, O1, O2 - 1.6 mm;
- for vehicles of categories M2, M3 - 2 mm.
Note.
For trailers, the norms of the residual height of the tire tread pattern are established, similar to the norms for tires of vehicles - tractors.
5.2. Tires have external damage (punctures, cuts, ruptures), exposing the cord, as well as delamination of the carcass, delamination of the tread and sidewall.
5.3. There is no mounting bolt (nut) or there are cracks in the disk and wheel rims, there are visible violations of the shape and size of the mounting holes.
5.4. Tires do not match the vehicle model in terms of size or load capacity.
5.5. Tires of various sizes, designs (radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless), models, with different tread patterns, frost-resistant and non-frost-resistant, new and retreaded, new and with a deep tread pattern are installed on one axle of the vehicle. The vehicle is equipped with studded and non-studded tires.
6. Engine
6.2. The tightness of the power supply system is broken.
6.3. The system of release of the fulfilled gases is faulty.
6.4. The tightness of the crankcase ventilation system is broken.
6.5. Permissible level external noise exceeds the values established by GOST R 52231-2004
7. Other structural elements
7.1. The number, location and class of rear-view mirrors do not comply with GOST R 51709-2001, there are no glasses provided for by the vehicle design.
7.2. Sound signal does not work.
7.3. Additional items are installed or coatings are applied that limit visibility from the driver's seat.
Note.
Transparent colored films can be attached to the top of the windshield of cars and buses. It is allowed to use tinted glass (except mirror glass), the light transmission of which corresponds to GOST 5727-88. It is allowed to use curtains on the windows of tourist buses, as well as blinds and curtains on rear windows passenger cars with external rear-view mirrors on both sides.
7.4. The locks of the doors of the body or cab, the locks of the sides of the cargo platform, the locks of the necks of tanks and the plugs of the fuel tanks, the mechanism for adjusting the position of the driver's seat, the emergency door switch and the stop request signal on the bus, the interior lighting devices of the bus, do not work, provided for by the design, emergency exits and devices for actuating them, a door control drive, a speedometer, a tachograph, anti-theft devices, glass heating and blowing devices.
7.5. There are no rear protective device, mudguards and mudguards.
7.6. The traction and coupling and fifth wheel coupling devices of the tractor and the trailer link are faulty, as well as the ones provided for by their design are missing or faulty. safety ropes(chains). There are backlashes in the connections of the motorcycle frame with the frame of the side trailer.
7.7. Missing:
- by bus, car and truck, wheeled tractors- first aid kit, fire extinguisher, warning triangle according to GOST R 41.27-2001;
- on trucks with a license maximum weight over 3.5 tons and buses with a maximum permitted weight over 5 tons - wheel chocks (there must be at least two);
- on a motorcycle with a side trailer - a first-aid kit, an emergency stop sign in accordance with GOST R 41.27-2001.
7.8. Illegal equipment of vehicles with the identification mark "Federal Security Service Russian Federation", flashing beacons and (or) special sound signals, or the presence on the outer surfaces of vehicles of special color schemes, inscriptions and symbols that do not meet the state standards of the Russian Federation.
7.9. There are no seat belts and (or) seat head restraints if their installation is provided for by the design of the vehicle or the Fundamental Provisions for the Authorization of Vehicles for Operation and the Responsibilities of Safety Officials traffic.
7.10. The seat belts are inoperable or have visible tears in the webbing.
7.11. Spare wheel holder, winch and spare wheel raising and lowering mechanism do not work. The ratchet device of the winch does not fix the drum with the fastening rope.
7.12. The semi-trailer is missing or has a faulty support device, locks for the transport position of the supports, mechanisms for raising and lowering the supports.
7.13. The tightness of the seals and connections of the engine, gearbox, final drives, rear axle, clutch, battery, cooling and air conditioning systems and hydraulic devices additionally installed on the vehicle.
7.14. Technical specifications indicated on the outer surface of the gas cylinders of cars and buses equipped with a gas supply system do not correspond to the data technical passport, there are no dates of the last and planned survey.
7.15. The state registration plate of the vehicle or the method of its installation does not comply with GOST R 50577-93.
7.16. Motorcycles do not have built-in safety bars.
7.17. On motorcycles and mopeds there are no footrests provided for by the design, transverse handles for passengers on the saddle.
7.18. Changes have been made to the design of the vehicle without the permission of the State Road Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation or other bodies determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Motorcycle, car and, especially, a bus or freight car- it's all means of transportation heightened danger. Sitting behind the wheel, the driver of any vehicle accepts for strict execution the entire list of the requirements of the Rules relating to him. And the Rules, among other things, also require the driver to know the list of malfunctions that affect traffic safety (or harm environment). Moreover, he not only knew, but also knew how to detect any of these malfunctions in a timely manner.
The driver is obliged to check before leaving and ensure that the vehicle is in good working order. technical condition of your vehicle.
As you can see, these are not just words, this is a requirement of the Rules - the driver must make sure that the vehicle is fully operational before each trip. Moreover, while driving, the driver must feel that something is wrong with the car, stop and figure out what exactly is wrong, and only after that decide whether it is possible to continue driving.
The rules divided faults into two categories:
- There are malfunctions with which further movement is prohibited at all!
- And there are malfunctions with which operation is prohibitedvehicle! That is, you can’t go about your business, but you can get to your house (if a malfunction was found on the road) or to the place of repair. At the same time, it is allowed to move only after taking all precautions.
Malfunctions with which further movement is prohibited.
Rules. Section 2. Clause 2.3.1. Movement is prohibited if:
1. Faulty service brake system.
2. Faulty steering.
3. Faulty hitch(when towing a trailer).
4. Headlights and tail lights do not light or are absent (when driving at night or in conditions insufficient visibility).
5. The driver's side wiper does not work (during rain or snowfall).
As you can see, there are only five such faults. And it's easy to remember them.
1. If the working brake system is faulty!
Experienced drivers joke gloomily: "Brakes and jail start with the same letter."
2. If the steering is faulty.
Agree about what further movement you can think if the car does not obey the steering wheel. In this situation, the only way out is to call a tow truck.
3. If the hitch is defective!
This is about towing device designed for towing trailers. With regard to a passenger car, this is a well-known device called a forkop - a coupling ball with a diameter of 50 mm, onto which a mating head mounted on the trailer drawbar is thrown.
4. If the headlights and taillights are off or missing!
If this trouble happened to you during the day in clear weather, you can drive to the nearest car service with all precautions.
If this happened at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, it is necessary to remove the car from the road and wait for dawn.
5. If the wiper on the driver's side does not work!
When it rains or snows, you can't see anything with the wiper off. Therefore, the Rules in this case naturally prohibit further movement.
As soon as the rain (or snowfall) stops, you can continue driving (but only to the house or to the nearest car service, and with all precautions).
In addition to the Rules themselves, the thin booklet “Rules of the Road of the Russian Federation” includes several more documents. Particularly immediately after road markings» there is a document with a very long title:
MAIN PROVISIONS
on the admission of vehicles to operation
and responsibilities of road safety officials.
Key points". There is no point in retelling the text of the "Basic Provisions" here, you can read it yourself, it does not require any special commentary. I will only ask you a few questions so that you can assess the relevance of this document, which is an integral part of the Rules.
The "Basic Provisions" has an Appendix and also with a long title:
SCROLL
faults and conditions
under which the operation of vehicles is prohibited.
Hereafter, for brevity, we will refer to this document as " List of faults" or simply " Scroll". Here, in fact, with this "List" we have to figure it out now.
Familiarity with this "List" assumes that the reader knows the device of the car quite well. And, in fact, it is not even harmful for the driver to know the structure of the car, to put it mildly. But I will proceed from the fact that not each of you was given this "Chinese letter" successfully.
At a minimum, it is necessary to learn to distinguish between faults, affecting safety , from everyone else.
Faults affecting safety.
Ask yourself if the vehicle is allowed to operate, for example, with the horn not working? That is, does a non-working horn affect safety? And answer yourself - and how it affects! After all, the sound signal is intended for cases when it is necessary to prevent an accident!
Or the mechanism for adjusting the driver's seat does not work, and it is inconvenient to drive the car. Is it dangerous? Of course it's dangerous. And, therefore, the operation of a car with such a malfunction is prohibited!
Or, while driving, the speedometer failed, and now, fulfilling the requirements of the Rules, the driver can only assess the speed of movement “by eye”. Does it affect security? Of course it does.
Or it turned out that the rear window is not heated and, moreover, the “stove” does not work. Well, in the summer, in clear weather, it is useless. But then it began to rain, the passengers in the cabin, everyone was breathing, and the windows instantly fogged up. Is it dangerous? Certainly dangerous. And, therefore, with such a malfunction, it is necessary to move not on your own business, but to the nearest car service - the operation of the car is prohibited!
Or here is another such malfunction - the windshield washers or wipers do not work in the set mode. That is, the “sprinkler”, although it splashes, but not in the right way and in the wrong place, and the “wipers” sometimes clean, sometimes they don’t clean. Or clean, but very slowly. And again - in clear weather, this, as it were, does not matter. But on the road, the situation sometimes changes instantly - a watering machine drove towards you, and now, until your windshield wipers cope, you will have to move blindly for half a block. And the Rules quite rightly require that it is forbidden to operate the machine with such a malfunction!
Faults that do not affect safety.
Let's imagine that the window regulator suddenly failed. In fact, if at least one glass is stuck in the open position and does not want to rise, and it happens during rain or snowfall, or in severe frost, then I would consider that this also affects safety. But the authors of the "List" do not think so. They believe that this only affects comfort. And you will have to agree with this if you do not want to make mistakes in the exam.
If the engine does not start well, or does not develop the desired power, or is different increased consumption fuel, then the authors of the "List" are absolutely right - this does not affect safety, it only affects the driver's wallet. Although how to say - this, of course, affects the emotional state of the driver, and, consequently, safety too. But these are already nuances, and the authors of the "List" did not include these malfunctions among those with which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited.
You can list faults that affect or do not affect safety for a long time, and try to remember all this.
But you can just connect elementary logic.
The number of faults affecting safety, of course, includes everything that limits the driver's view. Ask yourself: "Does not having a rear-view mirror affect safety"? And how it affects. And if additional objects are installed in the cabin that limit the view? Or are there coatings applied to the glass that significantly reduce the transparency of the glass? All this undoubtedly affects safety, and the List prohibits the operation of vehicles with such deficiencies.
Interestingly! The authors of the List were sympathetic to the desire of some drivers to have rear window opaque curtains or blinds. They let them install but only on the condition that there are outside rear-view mirrors on both sides of the car.
And again ask yourself: “Is it allowed to operate the car if the door locks are faulty”? That is, the doors either swing open on the go, and passengers fall out on turns. Or vice versa - once closed, they no longer open, and you can get out of the car only through the window.
Or, say, the gas tank cap is faulty. It has lost its tightness, an invisible cloud of gasoline hovers all the time above the gas tank neck, and the slightest caviar is enough to fly into the air.
There is another problem that I would like to draw your attention to. This is, if the anti-theft device is out of order, provided by the design of this vehicle.
This is not about the anti-theft device that you put in for a fee. We are talking about an anti-theft device that was installed by the manufacturer when assembling your car. As a rule, this is either an ignition lock, or a steering wheel lock, or a door lock. Or at once both that, and another, and the third.
So, if the anti-theft device is faulty, provided by the design of the vehicle then this error must be corrected. And only after that it is allowed to continue operation.
Now about the main thing - about the brakes!
The design of the car requires the presence of at least two brake systems - a working brake system (it is activated by pressing the brake pedal) and a parking brake system ( hand brake).
When you depress the brake pedal, you are only moving a piston inside the brake master cylinder. The piston, moving, displaces the brake fluid from the cylinder. And the liquid is an incompressible body, it has nowhere to go, and it flows through the hoses and tubes located under the bottom of the car to the front and rear wheels.
I repeat, liquid is an incompressible body and, therefore, what volume of liquid you displace from the main brake cylinder, the same volume will flow into the wheel brake cylinders. As a result, the liquid will press brake pads to the brake discs.
The harder you press on the brake pedal, the harder the pads press against the discs. Removed the foot from the brake pedal - the pads returned to their original position.
When, in 1921, Malcolm Lockheed patented hydraulic system brake actuator, it was a real engineering revolution. The rapid spread of this system was hindered only by the imperfection of the materials from which the sealing collars were made. It was impossible to ensure reliable tightness of the system, and the liquid was constantly leaking.
Now this is dangerous! Do not operate a vehicle with a leaky brake system! True, the brake pedal is still hard, the brake system works, but if only you find the slightest leak brake fluid, then immediately to the car service! And we move with all precautions!
Moreover, the List does not allow any leaks from anywhere - neither from the engine crankcase, nor from the engine power supply system, nor from the engine cooling system, nor from the gearbox, nor from the automatic transmission, nor from the battery. So, if you find even traces of only drops under your car, figure out if these are your drops. And if yours, then you need to fix the problem, otherwise the operation of the car is prohibited!
Now about the parking brake system.
First, it is not harmful to know that in most cars, the handbrake does not block all four wheels, but only the two rear ones. And, as a rule, manufacturers use the most primitive drive mechanism - the pads are pressed against brake drums using a system consisting of levers, rods and cables located under the bottom of the car.
The parking brake system (handbrake) is designed to hold the vehicle stationary when stopped and parked.
To test the effectiveness of the parking system, there is a special test:
– A passenger car in running order (without a driver, passengers and cargo) must be kept stationary on a slope up to 23% inclusive.
– A passenger car at full load (with a driver, passengers and cargo) must be kept stationary on a slope up to 16% inclusive.
These numbers must be remembered. In life, they are unlikely to be useful to you, but on the exam they will be required.
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1. It is sufficient if it provides a stationary state of a passenger car at full load (with a driver, passengers and cargo) on a slope of up to 16% inclusive. 2. It is sufficient if it provides a stationary state of a passenger car in running order (without a driver, passengers and cargo) on a slope of up to 23% inclusive. 3. Both conditions must be met. |
ABOUT brake mechanisms All. Now about the steering.
During the movement, the steering wheels of the car perform a daunting task. Not only do they constantly move up and down, “swallowing” the bumps in the road, they also have to turn, obeying the will of the driver.
It is not surprising that the force from the steering wheel to the guide wheels is transmitted through a complex system of components and parts connected to each other by hinges that have three degrees of freedom. Thanks to such hinges, the parts of the steering gear can move relative to each other in different planes.
The hinges gradually wear out, and the steering wheel has increased play. A brand new car has a little play, and this is normal and not dangerous. But if the backlash exceeded 10 degrees , then it is dangerous to operate a passenger car with such a malfunction and therefore it is prohibited.
We just need to understand what “steering wheel play” is, how to detect it and how to measure it.
If you shake steering wheel back and forth, you can find that at some small angle, it rotates quite freely, without effort, while the guide wheels remain motionless.
This is the backlash.
What is 10 degrees can, of course, be measured accurately with the help of simple devices. But the idea of a backlash of 10 degrees can be obtained “by eye”.
Mentally divide the steering wheel into four sectors of 90 degrees. 90 in half - you get 45 degrees. 45 in half - you get 22.5 degrees. Once again in half - this is a little more than 11 degrees.
That's about this angle and it is allowed to play the steering wheel.
Most modern cars steering column height adjustable. And after the driver has adjusted the position of the steering column “for himself”, it must be tightly fixed. But if the locking mechanism is faulty, and the column walks up and down on the go, then this is certainly dangerous.
And further. Almost everything modern cars equipped with power steering. It is thanks to this amplifier that fragile girls easily turn the steering wheel of a heavy SUV. However, the situation can change dramatically if the amplifier fails. Turning the steering wheel will become unusually difficult. Now it's dangerous!
There can be no doubt that traffic safety is affected by the performance of external lighting devices.
In this case, it practically does not matter what exactly is wrong. If only the external lighting devices are not perfect, this is already dangerous in itself. Well, tell me, if the headlights (or parking lights, or brake lights, or direction indicators) work absolutely fine, but they are dirty, and the fact that they work is not very visible to anyone, isn't it dangerous? Or let them be clean, but they burn dimly, or too brightly, or the lamps burn normally, but the diffuser glasses are broken or missing, or the diffusers are intact, but alien (not from this light device), isn’t it dangerous?
Well, of course, the wheels. That is wheels and tires.
Well, something, but the list paid a lot of attention to the wheels. It is understandable - it is the wheels that keep the vehicle on the road. And if you hold on badly, then trouble cannot be avoided.
The wheel assembly is a tire and rim on which the tire is actually mounted.
When you change a wheel, there is nothing much to think about. screwed wheel bolts to the hub, and all the cases.
But the List says that this is not entirely true, first it is necessary to assess the state of the conical bolt-disk interface. At least visually.
Wheel bolts, they are not simple, but special. They have a special conical chamfer. And the same reciprocal cone is made in rim. And such a conical interface just ensures that the bolt does not unscrew and the wheel does not fall off on the go.
And here is what the List says about this conical conjugation: “Operation is prohibited if the mounting bolt is missing or there are visible violations of the shape and size of the mounting holes.”
Modern tires are very different. Accordingly and operational properties they may differ. And this, in turn, imposes additional obligations on drivers when choosing a set of tires. Wherein bad tires no, they are all good, but different in design - radial, diagonal, chamber, tubeless, with different tread patterns, winter, summer, studded and non-studded.
Here we will not go into details of how tires are arranged and what distinguishes one brand from another. In order to correctly operate the car, it is enough to know the general principles.
1. The most ideal option is when all four wheels are exactly the same.
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1. The vehicle may only be operated in summer time year and in dry weather. 2. Vehicle operation is strictly prohibited. You can only get to the place of repair or parking. |
Brake system
The rules prohibit independent movement on a vehicle with a faulty working brake system. Most serious accidents are due to this fault. The efficiency of the service brake system is determined by the length of the braking distance, the time of the onset of the brakes, and by the values of their deceleration. The tests are carried out on a road with a smooth, dry, clean cement or asphalt concrete surface at a speed at the beginning of braking of 40 mph for cars and their modifications for the transport of goods, 30 mph for two-wheeled motorcycles and motorcycles with a side trailer.| Braking distance (m) no more | Steady deceleration (m/s2) not less than | |
| Cars and their modifications for the transport of goods | 12,2 (14,5) | 6,8 (6,1) |
| Two wheeled motorcycles | 7,5 (7,5) | 5,5 (5,5) |
| Motorcycles with a side trailer | 8,2 (8,2) | 5 (5) |
The braking distance and steady-state deceleration given in parentheses apply to vehicles manufactured before 1 January 1981.
During braking, the vehicle must maintain a straight line with respect to the roadway. It is forbidden to operate with a violation of tightness and leakage of brake fluid in the brake drive.
The parking brake system must ensure the stationary state of the vehicle on a slope with a slope:
- up to 16% for vehicles with a full load
- up to 23% for cars in running order.
Steering
The rules prohibit driving with faulty steering.All parts in the steering must be securely tightened and fixed. Mutual movements of components and parts not provided for by the design of the vehicle are unacceptable. In good technical condition total backlash for cars and their modifications for the carriage of goods should not exceed 10 degrees.
External lights
The rules prohibit the movement of vehicles with unlit headlights and rear parking lights V dark time days (regardless of lighting) and in conditions of insufficient visibility.External lighting devices ensure safe movement (stopping or parking) of the vehicle at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility. They illuminate the road for drivers, show other road users dimensions and the location of the vehicle on the roadway, the maneuvers it performs. The number, type, location, color and mode of operation of lighting devices must comply with the requirements of the vehicle design. For better illumination of the road, they must be clean and properly adjusted. It is forbidden to install light devices with red lights or red reflectors in front of the vehicle, and in the rear - white color(except reversing lights and license plate lighting). Otherwise, drivers of other vehicles will be incorrectly informed about the direction of movement (stopping and parking) of this vehicle, especially at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility.
Windshield wipers and washers
The rules prohibit the movement of a vehicle with a windshield wiper inoperative on the driver's side during rain, snowfall, etc.Windshield wipers must operate in several modes provided for by the design of the vehicle, and windshield washers should wash it abundantly with water or special antifreeze liquid. Good transparency of car windows is a guarantee of safe driving for the driver.
Wheels and tires
The operational properties of the vehicle and its safe movement largely depend on the technical condition of the tires. Wheels must be securely fastened with all mounting bolts, have the recommended pressure, balanced, with adjusted camber. Tires by size and permissible load must match the vehicle model. It is forbidden to use a tire with a residual tread depth of less than 1.6 mm (for cars and their modifications) and less than 0.8 mm (for motorcycles). Tires with a worn tread pattern reduce the coefficient of grip and lead to an increase in braking distance and the risk of skidding. It is unacceptable to install on one axle of a car or a trailer to it diagonal tires together with radial or tires with different tread patterns. Due to different coefficients of adhesion of the wheels to the road, drifts are possible. Tires must be free of cuts, lacerations, rips, carcass delamination, tread and sidewall delamination. The movement of vehicles in these cases can lead to loss of stability and lead to serious consequences.Engine
The reliability of the engine depends on its correct adjustment and frequency. Maintenance. During its operation, it is released into the atmosphere harmful substances- exhaust gases, gasoline vapors, oils. The content of these substances should not exceed the norms established by GOST. The engine must have a sealed power supply system and working system release of exhaust gases.Other structural elements
All structural elements of the vehicle must provide reliable and convenient work driver. All glass must be intact and not have visible cracks, while the installation of objects and coatings that limit the visibility of the driver is prohibited. It is allowed to attach transparent films to the upper part of the windshield and use tinted glasses (except for mirrored ones) in accordance with the requirements of GOST. It is allowed to install curtains or blinds on the rear window of a car (if there are external rear-view mirrors on both sides).The device for heating and blowing glass must work in all modes.
Rear-view mirrors must be adjusted by the driver to provide full rear view of the road across the full width. At least movement is allowed in the presence of two mirrors (inside and left outside). In the absence of an interior mirror or the inability to view through it traffic situation(curtains or blinds are installed on the rear window, a load is being transported that obscures visibility), the vehicle must have two exterior mirrors (right and left).
The horn should sound to warn other road users of possible danger moving vehicle.
Must be in good working order and work reliably:
- body door locks that protect against arbitrary opening of doors and people falling out
- caps of fuel tanks, reducing the likelihood of fires
- mechanisms for adjusting the position of the driver, providing comfortable fit
- speedometer showing the speed of the vehicle
- anti-theft devices that prevent other people from using the vehicle
The rear protective device, mudguards and mudguards should trap splashes of water, dirt, and prevent the release of gravel from under the wheels.
The rules prohibit movement in the event of a failure of the coupling device (as part of a train). When driving with a trailer on a vehicle, the towing and coupling devices of the tractor and the trailer link must be in good condition, as well as the safety cables (chains) provided for by their design must be present and in good order. For motorcycles with a side trailer, there must be no play in the connection between the motorcycle frame and the side trailer frame.
Motorcycles must be equipped with rollover safety bars, footpegs and crossbars for the passenger riding on the saddle.
To protect drivers and passengers from injury in road traffic accidents, the vehicle must be equipped with seat belts (if installed by the manufacturer). They must be functional and not have visible tears on the strap.
The vehicle must have: a first aid kit (for first aid), a fire extinguisher (for extinguishing a sudden fire), a sign emergency stop(to warn other drivers). On a motorcycle with a side trailer - a first aid kit and an alarm sign.
The registration plate must meet the requirements of the standard, be clean and well read by other road users.
It is forbidden to operate the vehicle in the absence of those provided for by the design or installed without the consent of the manufacturer or other organization authorized for this. additional elements brake system, steering and other components and assemblies, the requirements for which are listed above.
Any vehicle - from a bicycle to a multi-ton truck - must be in good condition if it drives onto the road. And if bicycle malfunctions are a safety problem primarily for a cyclist (and this is not such a technically complicated device), then from the technical “well-being” of a motorcycle, car, bus, etc. depends on the safety of other people. The driver, according to the rules, must check and ensure the serviceability of his vehicle on the way before each trip, while the rules contain two lists of malfunctions in which the movement and operation of vehicles is prohibited. The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited in 2017, how does this list differ from the list of malfunctions that prohibit movement.
The list of malfunctions in which the movement of the vehicle is prohibited
Malfunctions in which any movement is completely prohibited:
- Faulty working brake system - it's about working system, that is, the parking brake is not taken into account. The ban on driving in such a situation is obvious - with faulty, inoperative and even poorly functioning brakes, the driver is guaranteed to create emergency.
- Faulty steering is a similar story.
- Unlit or missing headlights and taillights at night (from late evening twilight to early morning) or when visibility is poor (fog, rain, snowfall, etc. when visibility is less than 300 m) - many drivers should consider this point and keep it in mind. Even a lamp that burns out in one headlight forbids you from driving in the indicated visibility conditions! It is required either to install a new lamp, or to wait for daylight hours and good visibility. The same applies to the tail lights. No need to be "invisible" on the road.
- A windshield wiper that is inactive on the driver’s side, if it rains or snows - the rules in this paragraph go as far as possible towards the driver and even allow him to move in rain or snow with one faulty “wiper”, but on the passenger side.
- An inoperative hitch, if you are pulling a trailer - it is clear that in this case there is a danger that the trailer will unhook and create an emergency.
The presence or occurrence of any of these faults completely prohibits the movement of vehicles. I would like to draw special attention of drivers to the third item of this list. If with respect to all other items on the list, the vast majority have enough sanity, then with lighting devices, not everything is so simple. Unfortunately, “one-eyed” cars are quite common at night; their drivers do not consider this to be some kind of special malfunction. However, for them themselves at this time, the road is unsatisfactorily illuminated, and it is rather difficult to determine the dimensions of such a car with an oncoming siding, since it is not clear which headlight is lit, left or right. Not so rare and cars with non-lit rear position lights at night or in difficult weather conditions. Drivers of such vehicles create a danger to themselves in the first place, risking that the driver of the vehicle behind them simply does not notice them.
There is also another list in the traffic rules that describes malfunctions that prohibit operation.
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited
This list already indicates those malfunctions that are not so critical to road safety, but still the driver is obliged to eliminate them. The algorithm of the driver's action in the event of any of these malfunctions is as follows:
- Attempt to fix the problem when it is found on the spot (of course, you do not need to do this on the roadway and you do not need to violate the rules of stopping and parking).
- If the fault cannot be repaired locally, the driver can proceed to the repair site in a safe manner.
The rules also imply that the driver, when he discovers one of these malfunctions, will honestly move towards the repair shop and will not use his car or motorcycle until the malfunction is fixed. Of course, in practice, drivers can drive for weeks and months with a similar malfunction on the roads, eliminating it as much as they want and can. It is impossible to prove that the malfunction did not just occur and that you are not on your way to the place of repair. Perhaps the only thing that the inspector can pay attention to is movement without observing safety precautions.
Full list malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited, is given in the appendix to the rules, it includes all those standards that are checked during the passage - from the presence of a first aid kit and a fire extinguisher to serviceability parking brake and admissibility of steering play. It is simply impossible to describe this list better and more precisely than the official text of the rules does.
The technical safety of a vehicle is the state of the vehicle, in which the risk of damage to it or damage to the person who drives it, or to other persons, is minimized.
Legal regulation of vehicle safety
To increase traffic safety at the legislative level, a list of malfunctions and conditions under which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited is provided. Legal relations in this area are regulated by the traffic rules of the Russian Federation and Gosstandart No. 51709 of 2001. SDA contains provisions governing the permit for admission technical means, a list of damages that make the vehicle unsafe for the driver and others.
In 2011, the Commission of Members Customs Union a regulation was also approved in the field of safety of manufactured wheel mechanisms. This regulation supplements the list of shortcomings in which the operation of transport vehicles is prohibited. means of traffic rules Kazakhstan, Belarus and the Russian Federation. The regulation was created for manufacturers and establishes fairly strict criteria for active and passive precautions for passengers and persons driving vehicles.
Thus, today much attention is paid to behavior on the roads and ensuring a reliable technical condition in the field of traffic safety.
Legal operating conditions
The implementation of compliance with security measures is required from all persons participating in the movement and is achieved by following the norms and standards provided for by law.
Regulations on the admission of vehicles to operation allow the use of the vehicle for its intended purpose only if the following conditions are met:
- mandatory registration of the vehicle with the traffic police and registration, cars from other countries must be registered with the customs authorities;
- the presence of registration marks provided for by law;
- requirements for the technical component of the vehicle must be brought into line with all rules and regulations in the field of road safety;
- the availability of specially equipped seats with belts for passengers in buses serving intercity routes;
- V without fail seats in on-board vehicles must be attached;
- special conditions are put forward for taxis and cars for driving lessons;
- bicycles and horse-drawn carts must be in good technical condition and correctly marked with reflective signals;
- if it is necessary to designate it, but must comply with state standards;
- vehicles must be marked with the provisions of the Regulations
Compliance with optimal road conditions should be monitored not only by drivers, but also by officials in charge of the roadway or its section. Special requirements are put forward for such service vehicles as road machinery. The list of malfunctions in which it is forbidden to release the vehicle on the road must also be taken into account by the commanding staff of the enterprises that carry out transportation. Before leaving, it is mandatory to conduct a technical inspection of the vehicle and prevent violations of safety rules when releasing it on the road.
Malfunctions in which further operation is unacceptable
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited contains two categories.
- Faults that appeared along the way, but with which you can continue to move. Such breakdowns must be repaired as soon as possible: service center or arriving home.
- Breakdowns in which any traffic is excluded, as it can lead to serious consequences.
Malfunctions in which it is possible to move to the place of repair
The traffic rules of Russia ban on the operation of vehicles introduces damage to the following mechanisms:
- brakes;
- steering system;
- external lighting fixtures;
- windshield wipers and washers;
- wheels and tires;
- motor;
- other components.
Brake system
The disadvantage of the braking system is the excess of the braking distance calculated by road studies. Its length in meters is set for each mode of transport and must comply with GOST. These calculations also include steady-state deceleration.
Thus, braking distances, for example, for cars it cannot exceed 12.2 m. For vehicles manufactured earlier than 1981, this figure is increased to 14.5 m. The deceleration of such a car should be at least 6.8 m / s 2, and for old models, respectively - not less than 6.1 m / s 2.
The list of malfunctions and conditions under which operation is prohibited also includes a violation of the pedal stroke, which indicates a depressurization of the brake drive, an increase in gaps in the mechanisms and a partial failure in the operation of the parking system (when it does not guarantee immobility on an inclined surface).
Steering
It is necessary to provide the degree of steering required for the response of the mechanism. Yes, in passenger transport such a turn cannot exceed ten degrees, in buses and trucks- respectively 20 and 25 degrees.
Operation with changes in the control mechanism, insufficient fixation, displacement of parts and assemblies is excluded.
The absence or breakdown of a device that reinforces the steering wheel also excludes the possibility of travel.
External lighting fixtures
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited includes a malfunction of headlights, reflectors and other devices. It is also unacceptable to have mechanisms other than those established technical design(this condition does not apply to vehicles for which spare parts are no longer produced). Lighting must not be contaminated or used in unspecified quantities.
Must only be fitted to the vehicle in accordance with legal requirements.
Windshield wipers and washers
These items must be fully operational and properly installed. Otherwise, the driver exposes himself and other road users to serious danger, since during precipitation the visibility of the road deteriorates significantly, and at night it is practically zero. If a malfunction is detected during rain or snow, it is recommended to stop the car and wait for the weather conditions to improve.
When driving on country roads, wet or dusty, windshield washers play a special role. Each driver should regularly monitor the level of washer fluid, since in the absence of it and driving on a swampy road, the glass of the car gets very dirty, and the use of wipers to eliminate plaque only aggravates the situation.
Wheels and tires
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited obliges car owners to select tires according to the design of the vehicle, paying attention to Special attention tread height, diameter and bearing capacity.
Do not use stratified, damaged tires, tires with bare cord.
In addition, it is necessary to install the tires correctly, avoiding differences in the tread pattern on the same axle.
As for the wheels, they must be without damage, cracks. The absence of fasteners is not allowed.
Motor
Depressurization and violation of fastening of fuel lines, malfunctions in the operation of combustible fuel intake and gas exhaust systems are unacceptable in a car. GOST sets an upper limit for the content of harmful compounds in gases.
Other components
The list of malfunctions in which the operation of the vehicle is prohibited also includes:
- disruption at work sound signal, castles;
- lack of mirrors, mudguards, belts and safety arcs;
- lack of funds for emergency care, fire extinguisher, emergency stop signs;
- the presence of objects or coatings that obstruct the view for the driver.
Sanctions for violation of the above requirements
In the case of driving a vehicle with the above breakdowns, an official has the right to bring you to administrative punishment.
For failure to comply with the requirements of the law, a person driving a vehicle may be fined up to five hundred rubles or limited to a verbal warning.
The protocol of an official on the imposition of a fine can be challenged in judicial order, pointing out that the control of the vehicle with a malfunction in which operation is prohibited was necessary to reach the place of repair, and the damage occurred after leaving the point of departure.
When driving a vehicle with lights or sound devices, flashing beacons public services, allowed only for a certain type of transport, schemes or signs of government agencies are applied, the driver may be deprived of his rights.
Installing a taxi badge without a license entails a fine of 5,000 rubles.
Malfunctions in which further movement is impossible
1. Not working in right order brake system.
Obviously, if it is impossible to stop the car, there can be no talk of further movement.
Upon detection of such a violation official sanctions will be more severe. So, an employee of a state agency can not only impose a fine, but also remove the driver from driving and take measures to remove the vehicle that is not working properly from the road, detaining it in the prescribed manner.
2. Malfunctions of the steering system.
When unable to control steering gear you must immediately stop the movement and, if it is impossible to eliminate the breakdown on the spot, call a tow truck.
In order to prevent such a malfunction, it is necessary to inspect the steering system in a timely manner by professionals, since it is a rather complex mechanism.
3. Problems with the drawbar.
At the slightest suspicion of a malfunction during towing, stop driving. Such a device must comply with state standards, since a detached trailer or other towed device is very dangerous on the road.
4. The list of vehicle malfunctions, in which it is forbidden to operate the vehicle with a ban on further movement, includes the absence of lighting elements or their inability to use due to a breakdown or in the event that the light bulb has burned out.
The trip must be suspended and the car removed from the road during the hours of darkness or poor visibility. If the breakdown occurred in clear weather, the movement is not prohibited.
Particularly dangerous is the lack of lighting on the driver's side. If the left headlight is defective, leave the road immediately.
5. Non-working windshield wiper driver's side in bad weather.
Traffic can be resumed when the weather stabilizes.
Due to the increased danger on the roads, it is forbidden to ignore the precautions when operating the vehicle. This can not only lead to state sanctions, but also more serious consequences.
