Today I propose to dive a little into the world of pistons and machine oil and figure out what types of engines are and are used on our favorite, beloved cars.
In principle, even any humanitarian, in the worst sense of the word, will immediately answer this question: diesel and gasoline. Well, someone else will add electric. However, in reality there are many more of these engines. Briefly about each.
1. Diesel engine
He's just a diesel. piston engine internal combustion, which works because the fuel (diesel fuel) ignites in its depths (or rather, in the cylinders) during a sharp compression, as a result of which the temperature rises and the atomized fuel ignites. The idea of igniting fuel by compression belonged to Sadi Carnot. And in practice, it was embodied by Rudolf Diesel, who patented several engine options from 1892 to 1897. Diesel is used not only in cars, but also on ships, railway locomotives.
Diesel engines are available in two-stroke and four-stroke versions. I spoke about the reasons for the popularity and advantages of diesel engines in a separate article and I will not repeat myself, but will move on to another engine
2. Gasoline engine
Here the ignition fuel-air mixture in cylinders also occurs when high blood pressure but from the electric spark that the candle gives. All gasoline engines are divided into carburetor and injection. The difference is in the way the fuel-air mixture is formed. In addition, gasoline engines are classified by the number and arrangement of cylinders, by the method of cooling, the type of lubrication, and many other characteristics. It is not possible to describe all these options. Therefore, I turn to the next type of automobile engine.
3. Rotary piston internal combustion engine
In its current form Created by the inventor Freude in 1957. However, Freude started from the work of another inventor, Felix Wankel, who received a patent for a rotary engine back in 1936. Freud, according to by and large, just perfected this creation. By the way, for some time both inventors worked together. The engine does not have a gas distribution mechanism.
The principle is this: a triangular-shaped rotor rotates in an 8-shaped (this shape is also called an epitrochoid) chamber. The chamber has an inlet and an outlet. Due to the shape of the rotor, in one revolution it goes through three cycles at once (mixture intake, compression and ignition, power stroke and exhaust gases), like a six-cylinder engine.
The mixture is ignited by an electric spark. And the combustion chamber is formed between the edge of the rotor and the wall of the chamber. It did not receive much distribution (by the way, it was even produced by VAZ - the VAZ-21018 model had a rotary engine). By the way, VAZ produced as many as 50 cars. However, during the tests, ALL motors broke down (either hands from experience, or a place there) and the model was discontinued. But after some time, the project was nevertheless saved and the production of VAZ-411 and VAZ-413 was launched, which were widely used by cops and gays.
By the way, on these cars with engines of 120 and 140 “horses”, people in uniform easily overtook and overtook foreign cars of those times. But then the spies (and who else ?!) curtailed this project and the Zhiguli with "wankels" (the second name for the rotary engine) ceased to be produced. Although now the VAZ designers seem to be fooling around with these motors again.
The main disadvantage rotary engine is the problem of the fragility of the seal between the rotor and the chamber, as well as with the lubrication system. Everything is connected here. Due to the design and operation of the engine, oil has to be injected into the manifold. In short, such an engine does not shine at all with environmental friendliness and economy. Besides, rotary motor only runs on petrol. This engine is currently used in Mazda car RX-8.
4. Hybrid engine
Or rather, it would be more correct to say, a hybrid system, since a hybrid is not a single engine, but an ingenious combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Incidentally, the principle hybrid engine has been known since 1910 and has been widely used on ... railway transport, and more specifically, on diesel locomotives.
In the late 1990s, people started talking about electric vehicles. But most motorists perceived this idea as an eccentricity of fighters for the environment, preferring to drive on proven, affordable and relatively cheap (our country of that period is not taken into account) gasoline and diesel fuel. Today, almost all leading automotive companies world release hybrid models cars.
Although they are more complicated in the device and crammed with electronics to the very “I can’t”, nevertheless, they have a number of advantages:
Reduce fuel consumption by almost half
Significantly reduce noise and harmful emissions into the atmosphere (for cruising speed the car practically does not use gasoline due to the operation of the traction electric motor)
Allows you to accelerate the car much faster from a standstill and make good acceleration on the move
Many experts and businessmen are inclined to believe that hybrid engine systems are a transitional stage to pure electric vehicles. Frankly, intellectually, I understand the benefits of an electric car. But in my heart I perceive him as a rubber woman or a trance, which is even worse. It looks like it, but not quite the same.
By the way, electric motors were used before, back in the middle of the 20th century, but not quite on cars, but on various loaders or mini-cars for recreational driving, not to mention trolleybuses and trams.
author: Andrey Abin, for the website
Automotive reciprocating internal combustion engines (ICE) have many indicators - power, torque, fuel consumption, emissions harmful substances etc., which largely depend on their design parameters. Engine types Engine - a device that converts the energy of combustion of fuel into mechanical work. Almost all car engines operate on a cycle consisting of four cycles: air intake or its mixture with fuel; compression of the working mixture, working stroke during the combustion of the working mixture; release of exhaust gases. Piston engines - gasoline and diesel engines - are most widely used in cars. Petrol engines have forced ignition fuel-air mixture spark candles. They differ in the type of power system: in carburetors, the mixing of gasoline with air begins in the carburetor and continues in the intake manifold. Currently, the production of such engines is declining due to low efficiency and inconsistency with modern environmental regulations; in injection engines, fuel can be supplied by one injector (nozzle) to a common intake pipeline (central, single injection) or by several injectors before intake valves each cylinder ( distributed injection). In them, a slight increase in maximum power and a decrease in gasoline consumption and exhaust gas toxicity are possible due to a more accurate dosage of fuel by an electronic engine control system; engines with direct injection of gasoline into the combustion chamber, which is fed into the cylinder in several portions, which optimizes the combustion process, allows the engine to run on lean mixtures, respectively, reduces fuel consumption and emissions of harmful substances. diesel engine- engines in which the ignition of the mixture of fuel with air occurs from an increase in its temperature during compression. Compared to gasoline engines, these engines have better efficiency (by 15-20%) due to a higher (two or more times) compression ratio (see below), which improves the combustion of the fuel-air mixture. The advantage of diesel engines is the absence of a throttle valve, which creates resistance to air movement at the intake and increases fuel consumption. Maximum torque (see below) diesels develop at a lower speed crankshaft(in everyday life - "high-torque on the bottoms"). Diesel engines of outdated designs had a number of disadvantages compared to gasoline engines: greater mass and cost at the same power due to high degree compression (1.5-2 times more), which increased the pressure in the cylinders and the load on the parts, which forced the manufacture of more durable engine elements, increasing their dimensions and weight; greater noise due to the peculiarities of the combustion process of fuel in the cylinders; lower maximum crankshaft speed due to the higher mass of parts, which caused large inertial loads. For the same reason, diesel engines, as a rule, are less responsive - they gain momentum more slowly. Rotary piston engine (Wankel)- in it, the rotor-piston does not reciprocate, as in gasoline engines and diesel engines, but rotates along a certain trajectory. Thanks to this, it has good throttle response - it quickly gains momentum, providing the car with good acceleration dynamics. Due to design features, the compression ratio is limited, therefore it only works on gasoline and has the worst efficiency due to the shape of the combustion chamber. Previously, its disadvantage was a smaller resource, and now low environmental performance, which is now receiving much attention. hybrid power point is a combination piston engine(usually a diesel engine), an electric motor, a generator and traction batteries (a traction battery, unlike a starter battery, is designed to discharge high currents(50-100 A) for 30-60 minutes) batteries. The operation of this installation takes place in various modes depending on the nature of the vehicle. During intensive acceleration, piston and electric motors work together. During engine braking, the generator charges the generator using deceleration energy. rechargeable batteries. When driving in the urban cycle, only the electric motor can work. All this allows, while maintaining (or even improving) the dynamics of acceleration, significantly increase efficiency and reduce emissions of harmful substances.
Piston engine layout
A significant variety of piston engine layouts is associated with their placement in a car and the need to fit a certain number of cylinders in a limited volume of the engine compartment. An in-line engine (Fig. 1, a) is a layout in which all cylinders are in the same plane. Applies to a small number of cylinders (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). inline six-cylinder engine most easily balanced (reduced vibrations), but has a considerable length.
V-shaped engine (Fig. 1, b) - its cylinders are located in two planes, as if forming the Latin letter V. The angle between these planes is called the camber angle. Most often, this arrangement of cylinders is used for six- and eight-cylinder engines and is designated V6 and V8, respectively. This arrangement allows you to reduce the length of the engine, but increases its width.
The boxer engine (Fig. 1, c) has a camber angle of 180°, due to which its unit height is the smallest among all layouts.
The VR engine (Fig. 1, d) has a small camber angle (about 15°), which makes it possible to reduce both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the unit.
The W-engine has two layout options - three rows of cylinders with a large camber angle (Fig. 1, e) or, as it were, two VR-layouts (Fig. 1, f). Provides good compactness even with a large number of cylinders. Currently, W8 and W12 are mass-produced.
Torque increases with growth: displacement. Therefore, engines that require significant torque have a large volume; pressure of burning gases in the cylinders, which is limited by detonation (explosive combustion of a gasoline-air mixture, accompanied by a characteristic ringing sound. It is erroneously called "knocking piston pins") or an increase in loads in diesel engines. The engine develops the maximum torque at certain speeds (see below), they, together with its value, are indicated in the technical documentation. Engine power - a value showing what work it does per unit of time, measured in kW (previously in horsepower). One horsepower (hp) is approximately equal to 0.74 kW. Power is equal to the product of torque times angular velocity crankshaft (rpm multiplied by a certain factor). Engines more power manufacturers receive an increase in: the working volume, which, in turn, leads to an increase in the dimensions of the engine and the limitation of permissible maximum speed due to significant inertia forces of enlarged parts; revolutions of the crankshaft, the number of which is limited by inertial forces and increased wear of parts. A high-speed engine of the same power (ceteris paribus - engine design, manufacturing technology, materials used, etc.) with a low-speed engine has a shorter service life, since on average for the same run its crankshaft will make more revs; pressure in the cylinder by increasing the compression ratio or pressurizing air through a turbo or mechanical superchargers. To apply supercharging, the compression ratio is forcedly reduced to prevent detonation (for gasoline engines) and reduce the rigidity of work (increased loads in cylinder-piston group diesel, accompanied by excessive noise) (for diesel engines). Supercharging allows, for example, to save power with a smaller displacement. Rated power - the power guaranteed by the manufacturer at full fuel supply at a certain speed. It is she, and not the maximum power, that is indicated in the technical documentation for the engine. Specific fuel consumption is the amount of fuel consumed by the engine per 1 kW of developed power in one hour. It is an indicator of the perfection of the engine design: the lower the flow rate, the more efficiently the energy of the fuel burned in the cylinders is used. With the same design parameters, different engines indicators such as power, torque and specific consumption fuel may vary. This is due to such features as the number of valves per cylinder, valve timing, etc. Therefore, to evaluate the operation of the engine at different speeds, characteristics are used - the dependence of its performance on operating modes. Characteristics are determined empirically on special stands, since theoretically they are calculated only approximately. As a rule, the technical documentation for the car contains external speed characteristics engine (Fig. 4), which determine the dependence of power, torque and specific fuel consumption on the number of revolutions of the crankshaft at full fuel supply. They give an idea of the maximum performance of the engine.
Engine indicators (simplified) change according to the following reasons. With an increase in the number of revolutions of the crankshaft, the torque increases due to the fact that more fuel enters the cylinders. Approximately at medium speeds, it reaches its maximum, and then begins to decline. This is due to the fact that with an increase in the speed of rotation of the crankshaft, inertial forces, friction forces, aerodynamic drag inlet pipelines, worsening the filling of cylinders fresh charge fuel-air mixture, etc. A rapid increase in engine torque indicates good vehicle acceleration dynamics due to an intensive increase in traction on the wheels. The longer the moment is at its maximum and does not decrease, the better. Such an engine is more adapted to change road conditions and less frequent gear changes. Power grows with torque and even when it starts to decline, continues to increase due to the increase in speed. After reaching the maximum, the power begins to decrease for the same reason that the torque decreases. Turnovers slightly higher than the maximum power are limited by control devices, since in this mode a significant part of the fuel is consumed not for useful work, but to overcome the forces of inertia and friction in the engine. Max Power defines top speed car. In this mode, the car does not accelerate and the engine only works to overcome the forces of resistance to movement - air resistance, rolling resistance, etc. The value of the specific fuel consumption also varies depending on the crankshaft speed, which can be seen in the characteristic (see Fig. 4). The specific fuel consumption should be as long as possible close to the minimum; this indicates good engine efficiency. The minimum specific consumption, as a rule, is achieved just below the average speed, at which the car is mainly operated when driving in the city. The dotted line on the graph shows more optimal performance engine.
The engine is a very important part of any car. The choice of engine must be given Special attention. If you do not know what types of engines exist, you will not be able to choose the engine that is right for you. A lot depends on it, including your safety.
The first in this list of engines will be the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine runs on gasoline. The design of this engine is such that power is controlled by a fairly powerful air flow and also by the throttle. The control of such an engine is carried out through the driver's seat, by pressing the pedal.
injection engines
There is also another type of engine, namely injection. In injection engines, there are special nozzles, thanks to these nozzles, the injection process is carried out. injection engines quite economical, the cost of gasoline they have much less. So, if you want to save money on gasoline, choose a car with just such an engine.
Carburetor engines
The third type of engine on this list is carbureted. In engines of this kind, quite a difficult process. In them, oxygen is mixed with fuel, in a device specialized for this process. It should be noted that such engines are no longer used in modern machines, such engines were replaced by injection engines.
There is a piston engine, this engine is also called differently, namely diesel. The process of work in such an engine occurs due to the ignition of the fuel (the fuel is in a sprayed state), then it combines with another hot fuel, and thereby activates the engine, it is worth noting that this process takes place with compressed air. It is this engine that is described in more detail in this article.
Which car engine to choose?
To understand which engine is right for you, you need to understand why and how you will use the car, because it is highly not recommended to drive fast with a diesel engine, you can harm the piston engine if you gain too much speed, and you will also accelerate for a long time .
But with a gasoline engine, you can already afford to drive quite quickly, and not be afraid of an unexpected breakdown. But in fairness, it should be noted that with diesel engines, you don’t have to suffer with various spark plugs, distributors, but the piston engine is quite difficult to start in the cold. You will also have to change filters quite often, you will need to use very good fuel.
Diesel engines are very noisy, but the piston engine has good, one might even say excellent traction, at low speeds.
Do not think that gasoline engines are ideal and have no disadvantages, they are not. The biggest disadvantage of a gasoline engine is the spark plugs. Nowadays, hybrid cars have appeared, such cars are a car in which there are two engines, namely electric and gasoline, when you need to drive low speeds works Electrical engine and if you need to drive high speeds, turns on Gas engine, such cars are of very high quality, but it is worth noting that the repair of such cars is quite expensive.
It can be concluded that there does not exist for all, one suitable engine. Choose the engine of your choice, and this article simply talks about the pros and cons of each type of engine. But remember, the choice of engine should be given a lot of attention.
Compared to old cars, new ones are different design features individual nodes. Every year, modern and leading manufacturers improve not only machine models, but also take into account other important elements related to details. With the advent of the latest innovative technologies, a lot has changed.
In order to find out what types exist, you need to carefully read the article and listen to the advice of professionals. First of all, you should familiarize yourself with internal combustion engine features. The engine is a device that is converted into mechanical work during the combustion of fuel. Everyone does work exclusively in a cycle, which consists of 4 phases.
Engine classification
First, air or a mixture with the presence of fuel, such as gasoline or diesel, is admitted, and then compressed working mixture. As a result, the action of the working stroke occurs. When the working mixture finally burns out, the exhaust gas is released. It is important to note that piston, gasoline engines are considered the most common.
The gasoline engine is very popular. This common type of engine has a special design that is reliable and durable.
Everyone knows that gasoline and its variety is the most common and affordable source of energy. Such a power unit was introduced by the most complex innovative technologies, which distribute the phase and provide electronic control fuel injection. To repair this design will not require to spend a lot of money and effort. Since the process is quite easy and simple.
A modern unit operating on gasoline has a certain advantage. That is, the action of igniting the air-fuel mixtures occurs by means of the ignition of spark plugs. However, the fuel supply system is divided into several main categories.
Therefore, gasoline is mixed with air in carburetor device. The process is carried out through the inlet pipeline. Similar engines differ from other units in particular efficiency.
Injection engines supply fuel with an injector. Fuel enters the intake manifold. In this unit, power is increased to the maximum and, accordingly, hot is consumed more economically. Naturally, the toxicity of the spent fuel (gas) decreases. This process is carried out due to the supply of fuel. The energy supply process takes place under the influence of specially installed electronic systems.
In a diesel device, a mixture of fuel ignites when interacting with air. This process occurs if the temperature rises when the fuel is compressed. Comparing a gasoline engine with a diesel engine, we can clearly say that the ratio of efficiency reaches from fifteen to twenty percent.
When installing diesel device improves combustion of the air-fuel mixture. Absence throttle valves contributes to the creation of resistance to air movement when the intake process occurs and, accordingly, an increase in fuel consumption.
The gas unit is considered to be compressed natural, generating and liquefied fuel. A common engine and other types of unit ensure the environmental safety of the vehicle. In some cases, the gas is stored in a special cylinder, which gradually loses pressure as it enters through the evaporator. gas system may not even be used as part of the evaporator.
old diesel designs less economical and practical. The compression power is one and a half times more, there is an increase in pressure in the cylinder. Early models are too noisy due to the fuel burning. There is also less crankshaft rotation. Now you know all the types automotive engines which are the most sought after and popular.
What are the new and modern types of engines other than diesel and gasoline
Now, consider the types of engines that are distinguished by new technologies. The in-line unit is recommended for the use of a small cylinder. The most practical and convenient is the 6-cylinder engine. Application V-engine helps to reduce the length of the unit.
However, this increases its width. Each cylinder this device located in 2 different planes and is designated "V". Basically six and eight cylinder engines equipped with this model.
Camber angle boxer engine is 180 degrees. As a result, the engine height is considered to be the smallest. The camber angle VR of the engine is about fifteen degrees.
Thanks to these parameters, both the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the engine are reduced. For example, the W-engine is equipped with two layout options, that is, the content of three cylinders and high angle collapse. Compact cylinders are available in the W8 and W12 series.
Mention should be made of horn and star-shaped aggregates. For example, star device otherwise called radial. The internal combustion engine has cylinders located under the influence of radial rays. Crankshaft surrounded by waiting cylinders that pass through equal angles. The small length of the unit contributes to the convenient placement of a large number of cylinders. This unit is mainly used in aviation.
The horn assembly is characterized by the rotation of the cylinders. Cylinders, in turn, are presented in odd numbers. They also contain air propeller and carter. These products are fixed on motor frames. Rogative aggregates were widely used during the war period.
Main parameters of the units
They have special options. The index of engines is determined by the force that performs the action in the cylinder. Accordingly, this action takes into account the ignition and power supply system of the unit, as well as the degree of wear of each part.
Having considered the main characteristics, we can draw a conclusion about each individual device. The principle of operation of the unit is determined by safety valve, spark plugs, exhaust, water cooling jacket, cylinder with inlet and outlet ports, air duct, drive heater, exhaust crankshaft, intake crankshaft.
Modern cars are equipped with two to sixteen cylinders. The difference is determined only when calculating the power and volume. However, there are other options as well. It is also worth noting the fact that for the manufacture of new models, the developers used three types of materials, for example, cast iron or other ferroalloys, which have the greatest strength.
For example, aluminum has a low weight and medium strength, magnesium alloys have the lowest weight and high strength. But to buy this tool you have to spend a lot of money.
Experts say that all these parameters share only the sound-vibration and resource quality. In all other respects, they are almost identical.
recoil maximum level measured in horsepower or kilowatts. To determine the maximum tractive effort must be measured in newton meters. Now you know what engines are and how to identify certain models.
Few people know that the internal combustion engine was invented 5 centuries ago by the legendary engineer and designer Leonardo da Vinci. But, after the first drawing, it took another 300 years for the first prototypes to be created that could fully work.
Types of engines
The first full-fledged prototype of an internal combustion engine was designed back in 1806, which belonged to the Niepsier brothers. After this important historical fact there was a brief lull.
But, at the end of the 19th century, three legendary German initiated the automotive industry - Nicholas Otto, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach. After that, internal combustion engines received many modifications and options that are used to this day.
- Steam engine
- Gas engine
- Carburetor injection system
- Injector
- Diesel engines
- gas engine
- Electric motors
- Rotary piston internal combustion engines
Steam engine
The first representative of a full-fledged internal combustion engine should be considered steam engine, which was installed on all vehicles 19th century, until the invention of other types of motors.
At that time, steam engines were equipped with steam locomotives, cars, and even primitive three-wheeled self-propelled machines(reminiscent of motorcycles). An invention of this class conquered the whole world, but by the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century it became inefficient, since steam vehicles could not develop a sufficiently high speed.
Gas engine
A gasoline engine is an internal combustion engine, which is fueled by gasoline. Fuel is supplied from fuel tank using a pump (mechanical or electric) to the injection system. So let's look at the types gasoline engines:
- With carburetor.
- injection type.
The modern world is used to the fact that most cars have electronic system fuel injection (injector).
Carburetor injection system
A carburetor is a type of fuel injection device intake manifold with further distribution over the cylinders. The first primitive carburetor was developed in Germany at the end of the 19th century and has almost 100 years of development history.
There are carburetors - one-, two-, four- and six-chamber. In addition, there are quite a few prototypes.
The principle of operation of the carburetor is quite simple: the gasoline pump supplies fuel to the float chamber, where gasoline passes through the jets mechanically (the amount of fuel injected is controlled by the driver using the accelerator pedal), and is fed into the intake manifold. The disadvantage of the carburetor is that it is sensitive to adjustments, and also does not comply with international environmental standards.
Injector
An injection engine is a type of fuel injection device into the engine cylinders. injection injection sometimes mono and split This system is now being improved more and more to reduce CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. For injection, nozzles are used, which even earlier began to be used on diesel engines.
With the transition to this system vehicles began to equip electronic blocks engine control to adjust the composition of the air-fuel mixture, as well as signal malfunctions within the system.
Diesel engines
A diesel engine is a type of engine that uses fuel diesel fuel. The main systems and elements of the engine are identical to the gasoline brother, the difference lies in the injection system and the ignition of the mixture. IN diesel engine there are no spark plugs, since ignition of the mixture by a spark is not necessary.
These types of engines are equipped with glow plugs that heat the air in the combustion chamber, which exceeds the ignition temperature. After that, atomized fuel is supplied through the nozzles, which burns out, which creates enough pressure to drive the piston, which spins the crankshaft.
One of the subspecies diesel internal combustion engine considered a turbodiesel. This motor has a turbine that looks like a snail. With the help of a turbine, a larger amount is supplied to the motor compressed air, which gives a greater detonation effect, due to which the engine can be accelerated faster.
gas engine
Gas engines are almost never used in the automotive industry in their pure form today, since frequent breakdowns motors, caused complete failure from them. Instead, gas installations can often be found on petrol cars which saves a lot of money on fuel.
Gas from the cylinder is fed to the gearbox, which distributes the fuel to the cylinders, and then the fuel enters directly into the combustion chambers. The gas is then ignited using spark plugs. The only downside to using gas installation it is considered that the motor loses 20% of its potential resource.
Electric motors
Nicholas Tesla was the first to propose the use of electricity for cars. Electric motors are not common today, since the battery only lasts up to 200 km, and filling stations, which can provide a car charging service - practically none.
Known global company, manufacturer electric cars Tesla continues to improve electric motors, and every year gives consumers new products that have a longer range without recharging.
hybrids
Probably the most desired engines to date. This is a mixture of an electric motor. There are several options for such an engine.
- The motor can be operated on alternating power. At first, the movement is carried out on gasoline while the generator charges the battery, and then the driver can switch to electric power.
- The engine and electric motor work simultaneously, which helps to save fuel consumption for the same distance with other types of internal combustion engines.
Rotary piston internal combustion engines
The rotary piston power unit in the automotive industry has not found wide distribution, although you can find car models that use this ICE type. He proposed the creation of such a motor - the designer Wankel.
The movement is carried out due to the rotation of a three-toothed rotor, which allows you to carry out any 4-stroke Diesel, Stirling or Otto cycle without the use of a special gas distribution mechanism. This motor actively used in the 80s of the 20th century.
Hydrogen motor
KNOW-HOW modern world counts . A hydrogen-type installation is installed in the car. The difference from gasoline engines lies in the fuel supply. If for gasoline fuel is supplied at the time the piston returns to the TMP, then for a hydrogen power unit at the moment when the piston returns to the LTM.
In the future it is planned to create closed type, when exhaust gases will not be required, as well as for 500 km, a motorist will be able to score about refueling a car.
It should be understood that cars with such an engine will not be very cheap until they completely replace the gasoline brother.
Conclusion
Internal combustion engines have enough a large number of kinds and types, for every taste. So, the most popular, according to world statistics, are gasoline, diesel and hybrid power units. But, everything is moving towards the fact that a person wants to move away from the use of gasoline and its analogues and switch completely to an electrician.
