Homemade sled with a propeller. Range and movement speed

Blueprints homemade snowmobiles"OTTER"

(Part One)

Aerosleigh drawings. For open snowy expanses, in my opinion, there is no better vehicle than a snowmobile. No other all-terrain vehicle can be compared with them in terms of speed and maneuverability. There is a lot of noise though. But on the other hand, what a pleasure it is to glide across untouched virgin snow! The snowmobile, nicknamed the “Otter”, including for, let's say, sneakiness - at speed you can even “dive” through a rare bush, I built it in one breath: for a very long time I wanted to have such a car. And therefore, he thought over its design thoroughly, and prepared the necessary units, components and materials in advance.

The snowmobile is structurally composed of a ski-boat with an open single-seat cabin in the central part. The cab is extremely simple: it has only the driver's seat, controls and luggage rack. The fairing with a windshield protects the driver from the oncoming air flow. Behind the cabin, at the stern of the sled, a motor frame is installed, to which Gas engine air-cooled 18 hp with propeller diameter 1200 mm. In the same place, on the stern, there are two aerodynamic keels along the sides, which simultaneously serve as a fence for the rotation zone of the propeller.

The body of the snowmobile is a boat of variable deadrise. All of it power elements- 11 frames, longitudinal stringers, beams and sheathing - made of wood.

Instead of a keel, the boat has a ski along its entire length, which narrows from bow to transom from 300 to 270 mm to reduce drag. Its toe is curved along a radius of 1000 mm. Outside the bottom, the ski protrudes 50 mm down, and from frame No. 7 to the transom it smoothly rises 20 mm. In diameter, the sole of the ski and the bottom of the snowmobile are slightly convex. Deadrise of the hull at the transom is 11° with a gradual increase to 24° amidships. The frames are made of BS plywood 10 mm thick. All of them, except for the transom, are lightened with cutouts. Frames No. 3 and 8 serve as partitions separating the cabin from the bow and stern compartments.

The width of the cabin is chosen so that its sides tightly fix the driver in the seat. The soles of his feet rest against frame No. 4, which gives additional convenience in controlling the snowmobile. In all spacings of the ski from frame No. 1 to the transom, blocks 50 mm thick made of PS-1 foam are glued. On top of the blocks from frames No. 3 to No. 8, a floor of 3 mm plywood is glued. The sides of the cab are also lined with the same material.

Moreover, on the left and on the right, part of the side plating is made in the form of removable panels for Maintenance control lever assemblies. The deck and bottom are sheathed with plywood 3 mm thick, the sole of the ski is covered with BS plywood 5 mm thick. Racks of frame No. 5 are reinforced with pine pads at the locations of the bushings for the shafts of the control levers. The lower parts of the side branches of this frame are separated from the racks, shortened so as not to interfere with the movement of the steering bipods, and reinforced with bosses glued to the bottom stringers. Reinforced stringers are placed in the stern of the hull, which serve to install the motor frame and rocking chairs, controls, as well as beams (they are glued to the side fenders) for attaching aerodynamic keels, wedge skates and rudders.

Deck and bottom stringers at the points of intersection with the frames are additionally fastened with wire loops. Wedge skates are made of 16 mm BS plywood and are located strictly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the snowmobile body. They are glued into the beams with spikes. Wedge skates are reinforced with bosses that make their transition to the body smooth, and stainless steel edging (installed after fully prepared corps). The surface of the fully assembled and plywood hull is puttyed, leveled and thoroughly sanded. Then it is pasted over with one layer of fiberglass of the AST (b) brand.

The ski is lined with a sheet of stainless steel 0.5 mm thick, and the bottom is lined with a sheet of polyethylene low pressure. On the sides of the ski, two undercuts made of U10A steel are attached with countersunk screws. I selected the exact position of the undercuts empirically, rearranging them to the nose or stern of the hull of the snowmobile (for this, several embedded nuts are shown in the figure). Undercuts protrude 12 mm behind the sole of the ski down, however, like the feathers of the rudders. This achieves excellent controllability of the snowmobile on ice, crust and rolled snow roads.

The FAIRING is punched out of 1.5 mm thick aluminum sheet. He has no power frames. Trailing edges of shell and lid luggage compartment reinforced with OBC wire rolled into them with a diameter of 2 mm. The fairing is attached to the body of the snowmobile with round-head screws through a frame made of bars with a section of 20x20 mm, previously installed on the deck over the skin. The volume under the fairing is used for small loads and a first aid kit.

WIND SHIELD - made of organic glass 4 mm thick. The way to give the glass the desired shape is clear from the attached figure. The visor is attached to the fairing with M4 bolts along with the luggage compartment lid. The finished body with a fairing for safety reasons is covered with bright yellow and red nitroglyphthalic paints. The driver's seat is easily removable, provides access to tool box behind the back. An armchair was molded from polystyrene PS-1 and fiberglass AST(b) on epoxy resin ED-5. Top covered with leatherette. It is fixed by the protrusions of the frame No. 7, which are included in the recesses of the seat.

AERODYNAMIC KEELs are installed along the sides of the stern of the hull. Each keel has a frame, consists of leading and trailing edges, endings, three ribs and a spar. For greater strength, the internal cavities of the frame are filled with PS-1 foam blocks, and the frame itself is sheathed with plywood 3 mm thick and painted: red stripes on a yellow background. Attached with two M6 bolts to the beam (bottom) and one M6 bolt to the strut (top). Cutouts were made in the skin of the keels above the root ribs: under the front mounting bolts (on the inner surface) and under the bipods of the rudders (through). In these places removed, of course, and the filler - foam.

AIR SCREW - pushing, glued (from birch slats). Made according to the drawings published in the magazine "Modelist-Constructor" No. 1 for 1975, with a slight change in step upwards. The screw is painted red. At the ends of its blades, a border and a strip parallel to it are depicted in black paint.

STEERING. The aerosleigh heading control system consists of two parallel, symmetrical and independent branches - right and left. Each branch has the same set of elements: a lever with a rubber handle, a shaft, two bipods, two rods, a rocker and a steering pen. Levers - from steel pipe diameter 22x2 mm. From the most rubber grips, they are slightly flattened for more rigidity. Clamps with slotted slotted holes are welded to their ends, bolted together on the steering shaft.

The steering shafts rotate in steel bushings, glued, as already mentioned, into the racks of frame No. 5 and stuffed with Li-tol-24 grease before assembly. On the other side of the levers, steering arms are installed on the shafts (connecting rods from the carriage of the children's bicycle "Eaglet") and locked with bicycle wedges. The ends of the bipods are pivotally connected to the forks of the long steering rods with the help of hardened steel and cotter pins. The other ends of the rods are pivotally connected to the inner arms of the rocking chairs, which rotate on sealed and lubrication-free bearings 60201.

The stud axles of the rocking chairs are rigidly mounted on the reinforcements of the deck stringers. On the axes of the rocking chairs are fixed with castellated nuts with cotter pins. The outer arms of the rocking chairs are articulated with short rods that are attached to the bipod. The lower ends of the rudder shafts enter the heels of the edging of the wedge-skates. Steering feathers made of U10A steel are welded to the rudder shafts, reinforced on both sides with strips of the same steel. The rudder shafts rotate in steel bushings glued into the beams. In addition, the bushings have brackets, with the help of which they are additionally attracted to the body of the snowmobile by the rear bolts of the aerodynamic keels.

All parts of the steering mechanisms, except for rods and bipods, are made of steel 45 with subsequent hardening. The rudder shafts (after partial disassembly of the drive) are covered with Litol-24 grease. The rudder blades have a maximum turning angle of ±35° from the neutral position. In addition to lubrication, the steering of the snowmobile does not require any other periodic interventions and adjustments. What is the purpose of installing two parallel, symmetrical and independent branches of the control system? First, I wanted to have effective brakes.

Taking both levers on yourself, the feathers of the rudders can be turned inward, towards the ski, thereby creating a plow effect - braking will occur. (The same result can be achieved when the levers are pushed away from you, with the only difference being that the feathers of the rudders will turn outward. Long steering rods in this case will work in compression and, due to their thin walls, can be deformed. Therefore, this position of the levers during braking undesirable.)

Secondly, when the snowmobile turns on virgin snow, the body rolls in the direction of the turn, and the rudder blade, opposite to the turn, partially, and in some cases completely, disengages from the snow cover. Therefore, it was done in such a way that it was precisely the steering wheel that worked, the feather of which was in the snow cover, and the long steering rod was stretched. Thirdly, the shoulders of bipods and rocking chairs are the same, and gear ratio to the control lever is approximately 1:3.2, so the driver's hand is sensitive to overload on the steering wheel and it is possible to parry it with the control lever, preventing breakdowns. Fourth, when moving in a straight line or along a curve large radius you can use any of the levers. The free lever itself, as it were, automatically tracks the direction of movement.

The FUEL TANK is a transparent plastic canister with a capacity of 5 liters. Installed behind frame No. 8 in a special container made of 1 mm thick aluminum sheet and cut into the deck. From above, the tank is fixed with a rubber strap with steel hooks at the ends, with which it is held by the container brackets. An intake tube made of oil-resistant rubber exits the canister through the cork and extends to the manual booster pump, and from it to the mechanical diaphragm pump of the engine.

Snowmobile "Otter" (in the top view, the engine is conditionally not shown)

The layout of the snowmobile: 1 - body; 2 - fairing; 3 - luggage rack; 4 - wind visor; 5,8 — non-removable right cab panels; 6 - right course control knob (with the "gas" lever and the "stop" button of the engine); 7 — removable right cab panel; 9 - driver's seat; 10 - right posting course control; 11 - right keel; 12 - right brace; 13 — propeller (diameter 1200); 14 - motor frame; 15 - fuel tank; 16 — left stringer under the motor frame; 17 - transom; 18 — the left axis of the rudder blade; 19 — left rudder; 20 - left wedge skate; 21.24 - bulkhead frames; 22 — overlay of the rack of the left course control lever; 23 — cab floor; 25 - foam filler; 26 - eye

Theoretical drawing of frames

The main power set of the body of the snowmobile: 1 - bow fender (pine, bar 50x30); 2.20 - knees (pine, 6 pcs.); 3 - side fender (pine, bar 50x30, 2 pcs.); 4 - nasal karlengs (pine, lath 50x15); 5.6 - deck stringers (pine, rail 30x10.4 pieces); 7 - stringer under the motor frame (pine, bar 70x20.2 pcs.); 8—stringer reinforcement (pine, rail 20x10, 4 pcs.); 9—keel mounting beam (pine, bar 80x70, 2 pcs.); 10 - stern karlengs (pine, rail 30x10); 11-13 - bottom stringers (pine, rail 30x10, 6 pieces); 14 - stringer skis (pine, rail 50x50, 2 pcs.); 15 - keel (pine, rail 50x15); 16 - liner (polystyrene, 10 pcs.); 17 — frame rack No. 5 (BS plywood, s10, 11 pcs.); 18 - bushing for the shaft of the course control knob (steel 45, pipe 16x2, L40, 2 pcs.); 19 — overlay of the rack of the course control lever (pine, rail 30x30, 4 pcs.); 21 - washer (steel 45, 036x16x2, 2 pcs.); 22 — transom (plywood BS, s10); 23.25 - bosses (pine, 4 pcs.); 24 - wedge-horse (BS plywood, s16, 2 pcs.)

Additional fastening of stringers: A - drilling holes in the stringer and frame; B - the formation of the first twist and the tension of the wire; B - the formation of the second twist; 1 - frame; 2 - stringer; 3 - wire ОВС with a diameter of 1.2; 4 - finished mount

The nose cone of the snowmobile: 1 - boss (pine); 2 — fairing shell (aluminum, sheet s1.5); 3 - windshield (organic glass, sheet s4); 4 - luggage compartment roof (aluminum, sheet s1.5); 5 - M4 bolt (9 pcs.); 6 - frame (pine, rail 20x20); 7 — luggage rack (plywood s3); 8 - flanging (wire ОВС with a diameter of 2); 9 - screw 6x16

Method for manufacturing a wind visor: 1 - preparation of a visor (a sheet of organic glass); 2.4 - clamps; 3 - blowtorch; 5 - model (pine, plywood); 6 - cutting line

Keel of the snowmobile; 1 — root rib (plywood BS, s20); 2—leading edge (pine, rail 40x25); 3 - boss (pine, 5 pieces); 4 - filler (foam PS-1); 5 — rib (plywood s3, 2 pieces); 6 - sheathing (plywood s3); 7 — spar (pine, rail 25x25); 8 - hole 06 for the strut mounting bolt; 9 - ending (pine, rail 40x25); 10 - trailing edge (pine, rail 40x25)

Keel fastening: I - keel; 2 - beam; 3 - M6 bolt (2 pcs.); 4 - screws 3x20 (4 pcs.); 5 - welded bolt head (steel 45, sheet 30x30, s2.2 pcs.); 6 - washer 20x6x2 (2 pcs.); 7 - nut M6 (2 pcs.)

The main elements of the control wiring (right branch): 1 — control lever; 2.6 — steering bipods; 3 - long thrust; 4 - rocking chair; 5 - short pull

The design of the node of the right control lever: 1 - a finger with a diameter of 6 (steel 45); 2 - bushing for the lever shaft (steel 45, pipe 16x2, L40); 3 - wedge (from the carriage of the bicycle "Eaglet"); 4— steering arm (rod from the carriage of the bicycle "Eaglet"); 5 - control lever (steel pipe 22x2); 6— steering rod (steel pipe 16x1.5, L13 25); 7 - shaft (steel 45, rod with a diameter of 12); 8 - lever clamp (steel 45); 9 - tie rod end (steel 45)

The design of the control rocking chair: 1 - rocking chair (steel 45); 2 - bearing 60201; 3.7 - washers 20x12x2; 4 - castellated nut M8; 5 - cotter pin; 6 - axle-stud M8 (rod with a diameter of 12); 8 - screws 3x6; 9 - embedded nut M8; 10 - deck reinforced stringer

Eye installation: 1 - eye nut M6; 2 - bow fender; 3.6 - locknuts Mb; 4 - hairpin M6; 5 - frame No. 1

Rudder drive (left branch): 1 - long steering rod (steel pipe 16x1.5, L1325); 2 - anther (tarpaulin, slides freely along the rod); 3 - rocking chair; 4 - short steering rod (steel pipe 16x1.5, L185); 5 — rudder bipod; 6 - steering shaft; 7 - shaft sleeve; 8— rudder blade; 9 - heel (stainless steel); 10 - wedge skate

The design of the wedge-ridge and the rudder drive: 1 - wedge-ridge (plywood BS s16); 2 - edging (stainless steel, strip s3); 3 - M6 bolt for fastening the edging (3 pcs.); 4 — rudder blade (steel U10A, sheet s2.5); 5 - pen lining (steel U10A s2.5); 6 - bipod steering (from the carriage of the bicycle "Eaglet"); 7 - wedge (from the carriage of the bicycle "Eaglet"); 8 - shaft sleeve (steel 45); 9 — steering shaft (steel 45); 10 — rear bolt M6 for fastening the keel; 11 bolt head screws (2 pcs.); 12—captive nut M6 (2 pcs.); 13 - rivet (diameter 3, 4 pcs.)

Installation of the left undercut: 1 - curly nut M8x1.5 (4 pcs.); 2 - ski stringer; 3 - undercut (steel U10A, s2); 4 - bolt M8x1.5 (2 pcs.)

Fuel tank installation: 1 - fuel tank (plastic canister with a capacity of 5 l); 2 - container (aluminum, sheet s1); 3 - deck; 4 - hook (steel wire with a diameter of 3, 2 pcs.); 5 - clamp (rubber belt); 6 - pallet (aluminum, sheet s 1)

Drawings of homemade snowmobile "OTTER"

(Part two)

THE AIR SLED MOTOR FRAME is a welded structure made primarily of 22x2 steel tubing. The main power elements of the frame are arcs, bent in a heated state from pipe sections previously filled with sand. The ends of the arcs have horizontal clips for mounting brackets to the body of the snowmobile, and the middle (top) are connected by a cross member, to which four vertical clips of the engine mount are welded, reinforced with steel scarves 2 mm thick.

In the same place at the top, left and right, two clips from a 16x2 pipe for the forks of the struts of the aerodynamic keels are attached to the arcs by welding. At the rear end of the left arc, before welding the lower clip, two parts are put on: a steel wire ring with a diameter of 6 mm and a starting pulley. The first is seized by welding and is designed to limit the upward movement of the second, and the second, freely moving along the arc, to start the engine with a cord. The ring for easy sliding of the pulley is periodically covered with Litol-24 grease.

Using a pulley, the engine starts as follows. The driver winds the starter cord around the flywheel (one and a half to two turns), lifts the pulley all the way into the ring, puts the cord on it and pulls it gently but with force. The engine starts to work, the cord jumps off the pulley and it falls down in an arc under the action of gravity, taking up its transport position. The engine (cylinder down) is attached to the engine frame with four M8x1.5 bolts through shock absorbers - rubber bushings inserted into vertical clips.

Bolt nuts are cottered. Similarly, the motor frame itself is attached to the body of the snowmobile, or rather, to the brackets on reinforced stringers. In the same way - through rubber bushings-shock absorbers, only with steel cotter pins with a diameter of 6 mm instead of bolts - the struts of the aerodynamic keels are attached to the engine frame.

The ENGINE of the Otter snowmobile is a gasoline, single-cylinder, push-pull power 18 HP And most importantly - homemade, made from components and parts of various boat, motorcycle and starting engines.
The engine crankcase is cast from AP2 aluminum alloy to fit the landing dimensions crankshaft from starting motor PD-10M and has a connector similar to the “Puskachovsky” crankcase, tightened with four M8x1.5 bolts (steel control bushings are inserted into two mounting holes for them, which set the crankcase assembly accuracy) and two M6 screws (below).

Post-casting turning of the seating surfaces of the crankcase parts was carried out on a lathe using the simplest devices. Purge channels and all internal surfaces are carefully finished by hand. The tightness of the crankcase is provided by gaskets and rubber reinforced cuffs.

CRANKSHAFT, as already mentioned, from the "launcher". To install the half-coupling of the magneto drive, the front shaft shank has been modified: firstly, it has been slightly shortened; secondly, a groove for a segment key is selected in its neck; thirdly, an axial hole was drilled with an M6 thread for the coupling half fastening screw. In the crankcase, the crankshaft rotates in three bearings: one bearing is put on its front shank - roller 2206, on the rear two - roller 2206 and ball 206

The lubrication channels of all bearings are expanded. In addition, three spacer washers 1 mm thick are put on the shanks: one on the front and two on the rear.

FLYWHEEL is also from PD-10M. Along the perimeter of its rear end, six holes were drilled with an M8x1.5 thread for the hub mounting screws. A propeller is attached to the last with four M8x1.5 bolts. The heads of the screws and nuts of the hub bolts are locked in a circle with steel wire.

The CYLINDER, together with the sleeve - from the engine of the Izh-Planet-3 motorcycle, is attracted to the crankcase with four M10 studs. Three holes were drilled in the right side of the cylinder (in the cover of the bypass channel): two M5 threaded holes for attaching the diaphragm pump and one for a rubber hose fitting, which connects the cavity of the bypass channel to the fuel pump. PISTON with rings and piston pin also from PD-10M. Only in the piston skirt additional windows of 30x30 mm are cut out.

The HALF-CLUTCH of the magneto drive is machined from textolite on a lathe. It has a groove for the leash of the ignition timing clutch and keyway.

M24 type MAGNETO with ignition advance clutch is attached to a specially cast flange of the front of the crankcase with three M6 screws. A cable with two stranded wires runs from the magneto to the stop engine button. The working direction of rotation of the engine crankshaft is set by the type of magneto (left or right rotation). And further. If you change the geometry of the flange of the front of the crankcase, then instead of a magneto it is easy to install a generator from the Voskhod motorcycle. In a word, it is possible different variants aerosleigh engine configurations.

The inlet pipe of the carburetor is also home-made, although the use of a modified pipe from the Izh-Plane-ta-3 motorcycle is not ruled out. It is only important that when the engine is in the working position with the cylinder down, the carburetor mixing chamber housing cover does not come into contact with the magneto.

FUEL PUMP mechanical - from the outboard motor "Neptune"; manual booster, embedded in the hose of the "fuel tank - carburetor" path, - from the boat "Surf". Carburetor - K-36I with a simple air cleaner. This is the design of the Otter snowmobile, which I used for several years. And without any - even small - breakdowns.
(Author: V. PETROV, Krasnoyarsk Territory)

How to do do-it-yourself aerosleighs. Snowmobiles have always been one of the most popular homemade vehicles. The reason for this is the relative ease of manufacture (aerosleighs do not have wheels, complex transmission, hydraulic brakes, clutch, etc.) and efficiency of use (aerosleighs can high speed pass where it can crawl, perhaps crawler). However, the relative simplicity of the design of a vehicle with an aerodynamic propulsion introduced many home-made people into the temptation of creating a primitive apparatus. As a result, although such sledges could move, the creator did not get pleasure from riding. And most often this was due to an ill-conceived aerodynamic layout.

About power plants with a pusher screw, amateur designers sometimes create the wrong opinion that if there are no obstacles to the air stream thrown back by the screw, then its coefficient useful action higher than snowmobile with a pulling screw, and thrust, respectively, more. However, this is not the case. Aerodynamically organize air flow it is necessary not only behind the propeller, but also in front of it, since the “torn”, turbulent flow distorted by structural elements that falls on the blades can reduce the efficiency of the propeller so much that it will never be able to develop the expected thrust. In the proposed design, an attempt was made to create comfortable snowmobile, which have extremely reduced aerodynamic losses.

The task is quite difficult. I wanted to design a two-seater vehicle with the location of the driver and passenger in the car, and this arrangement has a solid midsection. Nevertheless, this is still preferable to the tandem layout - the snowmobiles turned out to be more compact, with the usual proportions corresponding to cars. After drawing the interior and arranging the propeller installation (it was supposed to be placed as low as possible in order to lower the center of gravity of the car), the hull began to suffer - its surfaces had to be made aerodynamically smooth, without sharp bends. The result is a design reminiscent of the post-war domestic car"Victory".

The desire to reduce aerodynamic losses led to the organization of the supply air channel, ending in a half ring, which also served as a propeller guard. As a result, a body of a rather complex shape was obtained, which, nevertheless, turned out to be quite justified both aerodynamically and aesthetically. The base of the snowmobile is the bottom frame-panel. It is glued together from pine spars, wooden cross-beams, foam filling and plywood working sheathing. Such a panel, with a small thickness and low weight, has high rigidity, both in bending and in torsion.

For the spars, straight-layer boards 40 mm thick were selected, from which curved blanks about 50 mm high were cut. The sidewalls required 15mm boards, and the front crossmember, on which the steering pivots are mounted, required a 60x50mm pine bar. The frame of the frame-panel is assembled with epoxy glue. The same binder was also used when gluing foam blocks into the frame, as well as facing the bottom panel with 5 mm plywood. Frame snowmobile made according to the classical improvised designs technologies. It consists of a light frame, welded from thin-walled steel pipes with an outer diameter of 15 mm, on which plywood shaping elements - stringers are fixed with soft wire.

The windshield is from ZAZ-968, the frame for it is fixed to the frame by welding. The space between the stringers is filled with foam blocks; after processing the foam and puttying the surface, the body is pasted over with two layers of fiberglass. The doors are made using the same technology as the body - with a tubular frame, plywood stringers and foam filling. The rear window and door windows are made of 4 mm plexiglass. The sides of the rear part of the body, passing into the keels (areas behind the doors), are lined with sheets of 4 mm plywood, fixed to the tubular frame with M4 screws, followed by pasting the outer surfaces with two layers of fiberglass. Inner part plywood sheathing is covered with two layers of parquet varnish to increase moisture resistance.

The basis of the propeller installation was very popular among amateur aviators and quite well-developed RMZ-640 with V-belt gearbox. Many trikes, gyroplanes and airplanes are equipped with such engines. By the way, the propeller installation of the snowmobile practically does not differ from that designed at the time by the student of the Moscow Aviation Institute A.. Rusak for a two-seat hang-glider. With propeller diameter 1350 mm power unit develops a static thrust of about 120 kg, which is quite enough for a snowmobile. The propeller unit on a three-dimensional frame-panel is fixed with six braces made of steel pipes with a diameter of 30x1.5 mm.

To reduce aerodynamic resistance, wooden fairings are glued to the pipes with epoxy resin, giving the braces a drop-shaped section. The propeller is made using a technology similar to that used by the German company Hoffman. A screw blank made of pine blocks with a section of 60x20 mm is glued with epoxy resin. When gluing the bars, the layers of wood were located symmetrically relative to the planes of joining - this saved the propeller from possible leashes. After gluing, the workpiece was carefully planed in accordance with the dimensions of the screw. For the manufacture of templates, a theoretical drawing of the propeller on a scale of 1:1 was used. The templates themselves are cut out of plywood, but it would be better to make them from duralumin.

To work, we needed a plan template, a side view template (up to the axis of rotation), as well as upper and lower propeller blade profile templates. Blade profile - plano-convex, winged. The workpiece is marked with the help of a planned template fixed with a nail in the center of the future screw: the template is circled in pencil, rotated 180° and circled again - the contour of the second blade is obtained. Further, in accordance with the markup with an ax and a planer, the blades are pre-processed. Finally, the screw was finished in the slipway. Its base is made of a flat board 60 mm thick, on which, in accordance with the theoretical drawing of the propeller, the lower blade profile templates and the central rod are installed. The latter is fixed in the center of the base perpendicular to its surface.

The accuracy of the processing of the screw was checked with the help of blue, which was rubbed on the lower templates: the workpiece was put on the rod and pressed against them, while traces of the templates were imprinted on the blade. After removing the blue traces with a rasp, the future screw was again pressed against the templates - and so on until the traces of all the templates along their entire length were imprinted on the workpiece pressed against the templates. The upper part of the propeller is machined in a slipway according to the upper templates - first, in each section, using a semicircular rasp, the blade was sawn along the corresponding upper template so that the upper and lower template touched along the parting line, while covering the blade itself.

Then the excess material between the sections was removed - the correctness of this operation was controlled by a metal ruler applied to the percentage points of adjacent sections - processing was carried out until the gap between the ruler and the blade surface disappeared. The finished screw was carefully balanced, for which central hole a metal roller was inserted and the propeller was mounted on balancing rulers. The lighter blade was loaded with lead - small strips of this metal were first glued onto it, and when the screw was balanced, a casting was made from the strips in the form of a round rod, inserted with epoxy glue into a hole drilled in the blade, where the lead strips were located during balancing, and riveted .

Finishing the propeller consisted of gluing it with two layers of thin fiberglass, followed by grinding, final balancing, priming and painting with car enamel. The front ski is epoxy glued from strips of 4mm plywood and a strip of stainless steel 0.8mm thick. The total thickness of gluing is 30 mm. The front of the ski is equipped with an arc bent from a steel pipe with a diameter of 16 mm. In the middle part of the ski, guide undercuts are fixed, cut out of 3 mm thick stainless steel sheet. The ski is equipped with a spring-hydraulic shock absorber from the Ural motorcycle.

The rear skis are box type. Their soles are glued from 4 mm plywood and 0.8 mm stainless steel (the total thickness of the gluing is 20 mm), the sidewalls are cut from 25 mm boards. Rear skis have no cushioning. Steering - with rack and pinion mechanism from the SZD motorized carriage. By the way, the heater was also used from it. Brakes - scraper type, mounted on the rear skis. The brake drive is combined: from the pedal to the intermediate lever - cable, from the lever to the scraper - rigid, tubular traction. Drive unit throttle valve carburetor - from the lever under the right hand of the driver. The lever is equipped with a locking button (as on a car handbrake), which allows you to stop it in any intermediate position.

Double snowmobile with PMZ-640 engine: 1 - headlight (from Izh motorcycle): 2 - Windshield(from ZAZ-968); 3 - side glass (plexiglass s4); 4 - RMZ-640 engine with a V-belt gearbox; 5 - propeller: 6 - position lamp; 7 - scraper brake; 8 - rear ski; 9 - rear glass(plexiglass s3); 10-corps of snowmobiles; 11-volume frame-panel; 12- door; 13 - rotary column of the front ski; 14 - front ski "; 15,16,17 - braces of the propeller installation (steel pipe 30x1.5)

Snowmobile frame-panel: 1 - lower panel lining (s5 plywood); 2 - filling (construction foam); 3 - top panel lining (plywood s5); 4 - rear cross member (pine, bar 60x50); 5- amplifiers (pine, bar 30x30); 6- central part middle crossbar (pine, bar 60x50); 7- front beam (pine, bar 50x60); 8.10-spars (pine, board s40): 9 - front cross member (pine, board s30); 11 - sidewall (pine, board s15); 12- sidewall of the middle cross member (pine, bar 60x50.2 pcs.)

The front ski of the snowmobile: 1 - suspension pendulum bracket (steel); 2 - axis of the pendulum (steel, pin M16x 1); 3 - suspension pendulum (steel, pipe 22x3); 4 - spring-hydraulic shock absorber (from the Ural motorcycle); 5- safety arc (steel, pipe 16x2.5); 6- pipe fastening (M6 bolt with nut and washer); 7 - ski base (plywood s4, stainless steel, sheet s0.8); 8 - fastening of the safety arc (self-tapping screw with a diameter of 5); 9- housing of the suspension pendulum hinge (steel, pipe 30x2); 10-hinge bushing (fluoroplast); 11 - bracket (steel, sheet s4); 12 - shock absorber support mounting (M8 bolt with nut and washer); 13 - undercut (stainless steel, sheet s3); 14- shock absorber mounting (M8 bolt with nut and washer); 15 - shock absorber support (steel)

Propeller installation of snowmobiles with a wedge-shaped gearbox: 1 - RMZ-640 engine; 2 - gearbox bracket; 3-air screw with a diameter of 1350 mm; 4 - driven pulley of the gearbox; 5 V-belt; 6 - drive pulley of the gearbox

V-belt gearbox: 1 - gearbox bracket (duralumin, corner with s5 wall); 2- propeller; 3 - driven pulley (aluminum alloy AK-6); 4 - the axis of the screw with an eccentric device for tensioning the reducer belts (steel Z0KhGSA); 5- bearing 36206; 6 - dustproof ring; 7 - threaded bushing (steel Z0KhGSA, 4 pcs.); 8 - axial bushing (steel Z0KhGSA); 9 - support washer (steel, sheet s4); 10 - M8 bolt with a split spring washer (4 pcs.); 11 - retaining ring; 12-bearing 60205; 13 - drive pulley (kaprolon); 14- M6 bolt with a split spring washer (6 pcs.); 15 - shank of the crankshaft of the engine; 16-belt; 17 - adapter (steel Z0KhGSA); 18 - wedge; 19 - bearing 60206; 20 - sealing sleeve (30KhGSA steel, pressed into the engine crankcase); 21 - stuffing box; 22 - sealing ring (rubber); 23 - bearing 206; 24 - M8 bolt with a nut and a split spring washer (4 pcs.); 25 - support-clamp key

Interest in snowmobiles as an individual means of transportation on winter roads and sports type motor technology has been manifested for a long time. But such a massive, as it is now, enthusiasm for amateur snowmobiles was undoubtedly facilitated by an increase in the general technical level youth. Far from complete information, the number of snowmobiles built by amateurs since 1968 has almost doubled.

WHEN THE ENGINE…BRAKES

You can name quite a few settlements in the northern regions of our country, where there are from several copies to 25-35 snowmobiles. They are built not only by individual amateurs. They are created in school technical circles, Pioneer Houses and Palaces, city stations for young technicians, and vocational schools.

A big brake on the creation of snowmobiles is that our industry does not produce special engines adapted to work with a propeller in the severe climatic conditions of the North with its low temperatures. Existing motorcycle engines, most commonly used on homemade snowmobiles, do not meet the requirements due to relatively low power. Therefore, engines are usually paired (Fig. 1) or two or even three are adapted to work on one or two propellers (Fig. 2).

Recently, there has been a tendency to create engines of their own design. They. as a rule, they are performed on the basis of serial parts and assemblies.

These engines (Fig. 3) often differ in the original layout, high power and adaptability to work in winter conditions. A survey conducted by the editors showed that now about 8% of the total number of snowmobiles are equipped with homemade engines. It should also be noted a significant increase in the power of the used snowmobile engines: 24.5% of them are of their own design or motorcycle types M-72, M-61, M-63, K-750, Java-350, with a power of over 20 liters. With.; 4.2% - automobile, with a capacity of 40 to 70 liters. With.; and 7.2% - old aircraft engines such as M-11, AI-14, Walter-Minor, etc.

AESTHETICS AND COMFORT

Analyzing the materials at the disposal of the editors on amateur-built snowmobiles, I would like to note that the technical culture of structures has recently increased significantly, more attention has been paid to aesthetics (Fig. 4), comfort, and their external decoration. If 10 years ago most snowmobiles were built according to the simplest circuit, without a body that protects the driver and passenger from the oncoming air flow and snow dust, now 55% of cars are made with semi-closed and more than 20% with fully closed bodies. Moreover, these machines, as a rule, have a streamlined shape of the hull and engine installation (Fig. 5 and 6).

Only 3.6% of the snowmobiles were built according to the motorcycle scheme, which is most beneficial for low-power vehicles.

The three-ski chassis scheme still prevails: 73.5% of the known snowmobiles were built according to it. The number of four-ski machines in comparison with 1965-1966 increased from 10 to 10%. The four-ski scheme is more laborious, but provides better cross-country ability of the sled. loose snow And good stability when driving over rough terrain, especially when making sharp turns at high speed.

Fans use on their sledges mainly two-bladed wooden block propellers, that is, made from a solid bar or blank glued from separate thin boards - drek.

Only 5.5% of the snowmobiles are equipped with three- or four-bladed propellers; 3.5% of the propellers are made with metal blades and the same number - with variable pitch blades (with the engine off).

Very few (less than 1%) propellers - with a change in the angle of attack of the blades during the movement of the machine (our magazine informed readers about such propellers - see No. 5 for 1969 and No. 2 for 1972). About 40% of the snowmobiles are equipped with gearboxes; 25.8% of the gearboxes are chain, the rest are V-belt and gear.

Below is a summary of some amateur snowmobiles of interest to a wide range of readers.

In the city of Zheleznodorozhny near Moscow, a group of amateur snowmobile designers has been working for many years. I. Lukin, V. Mashenkii, S. Kuznetsov and their young assistants created and successfully operate whole line interesting cars.

THREE SKIS? FOUR?

I. Lukin built and tested the first snowmobiles in the winter of 1969/70. They had a tricycle insufficiently stable scheme. The designer converted the car to a four-ski (see tab). He installed the front, steerable skis on a tubular truss attached to the body, providing them with spring damping. The low (almost at the very sole) suspension point of the skis provides good stability and significantly increases the machine's patency on soft virgin snow.

The soles of the skis are made of stainless steel, which also contributes to the improvement of the snowmobile's ride quality.

An increase in the stability of the machine was also achieved by lowering its center of gravity. The engine from the M-72 motorcycle is placed on the body frame in the lower rear part on special units. The engine has a magneto and an automobile gasoline pump, powered by a cam roller, driven by a V-belt from the propeller shaft. To do this, a pulley Ø 26 mm is installed on the latter, and Ø 80 mm on the cam roller. The magneto is mounted on the crankcase cover, where the ignition distributor removed from the engine is located.

The transmission from the engine to the propeller shaft is made by two parallel V-belts. This eliminates belt slippage when transmitting full power. The pulley on the motor shaft Ø 130 mm is made of duralumin. The driven pulley Ø 260 mm is keyed on the propeller shaft.

The shaft itself is on an external pylon, on two radial ball bearings and one thrust bearing.

The gear ratio of the driving and driven pulleys is 1:2, which made it possible to make a propeller with increased thrust. It is made from birch wood.

Currently, I. Lukin is working on the creation of a more powerful two-cylinder engine.

S. Kuznetsov became interested in snowmobiles as a student of the eighth grade. Interestingly, his first design was also a three-ski, single-seat machine with a motorcycle engine IZH-49. The motor was located behind, on top, on a tubular welded frame; the propeller was mounted directly on the shank of the engine crankshaft. The motor was equipped with a KATEK aggregate magneto.

The second design (Fig. 7), created by S. Kuznetsov in 1972, with the same engine, was built according to a motorcycle scheme. This is a single machine with a semi-closed hull. The engine on it was located below, on the transverse beam, with two V-belts transmitted to the propeller shaft.

This design is interesting in that the entire propeller group was an easily removable unit. In the summer it was dismantled and used on the water without any changes.

The propeller is made from a solid block of wood, with straight cut ends of the blades. The propeller shaft is mounted on ball bearings installed in special sockets welded to the frame.

The body of the snowmobile is assembled on glue and screws from bars with a section of 20 × 20 mm, sheathed with plywood 2 mm thick. A transverse board is installed in the rear part, which serves as a support for the engine mounting brackets, the propeller frame and the transverse ski suspension tube.

Aerosleigh skis are equipped with steel soles and have undercuts that ensure the stability of the course.

The next stage in the technical creativity of S. Kuznetsov is a snowmobile with two IZH-49 engines, driven by one propeller.

AIRSLEEVE "CRICKET" AND "KUPAVNA"

But the Vshivtsevs, who live in the Moscow region, build snowmobiles with the whole family: Kuzma Afanasyevich Vshivtsev is the head of the family, his wife and a schoolboy son.

The beginning was laid by the sled, also a three-ski scheme. They used a motor from the car "Zaporozhets" of the first issues. The engine was located at the top, and the propeller was mounted directly on the crankshaft shank. The screw was three-bladed, metal, each of the blades was screwed into the socket of the bushing with its threaded shank and fixed with a lock nut. This allowed, if necessary, to change the angles of the blades.

The body of the car was made from an old motorcycle sidecar. Aerosleighs had good driving performance, but the high center of gravity made them unstable.

Therefore, in 1972-1973, K. Vshivtsev made a new, double snowmobile "Cricket" (Fig. 8). The engine used on them is the same, but shifted down and fixed on the hull frame. The propeller drive is made by three V-belts. The propeller itself has also been changed: it has become two-bladed.

The Sverchok snowmobile is original in that it can be quickly turned into an airmobile: it has 4 wheels of small diameter, on which, in fact, skis are put on, which have special sockets for this and a mount on the wheel axle.

The low landing of the machine provides it with good stability and allows you to move freely over rough terrain without fear of tipping over. Aerosleigh "Sverchok" participated in the winter festival in Zelenograd and attracted the attention of numerous participants of the rally.

In his free time, P. Semkin from the village of Kupavna, near Moscow, likes to race on a snowmobile. He considers such walks to be the best rest.

His snowmobiles are single, three-ski (see tab).

Originally made front and rear suspension skis. They consist of movable rocking frames with spring shock absorbers. This suspension scheme helps the sled move even if the skis are frozen. To prevent the ski toes from being buried in the snow, retract springs are placed between them and the rocking frame. The aerosleighs are provided with propeller guard trusses.

Two-cylinder two stroke motor develops a power of 16 liters. with., equipped with a gear reducer with a gear ratio of 1: 3. The engine is located on a tubular under-engine frame at the top, above the rear edge of the hull. Propeller - wooden, block, mounted on the gearbox shaft on the key.

The body of the snowmobile is semi-closed, streamlined, has windshield. The dry weight of the structure is only 96 kg. The sled has been in operation since 1965.

LIKE A PLANE

For the third year now, I. Svetchikov has been improving his design of snowmobiles, gradually achieving greater cross-country ability, speed, reliability ..

The S-4 snowmobile (Fig. 9) has a closed hull. The cabin accommodates two people: the driver - on a comfortable front and a passenger on back seat. The cockpit has a sliding canopy, similar to an aircraft.

The snowmobile is equipped with a M-72 motorcycle engine with a power of 22 hp. With.; it is located in the lower rear of the housing, with the transmission of rotation to the propeller shaft by four V-belts. The pulley diameters provide a speed reduction ratio of 1: 1.4.

Propeller - two-bladed, wooden, block. With a diameter of 1.8 m, it provides pulling force 84 kg.

IN THE CABIN - TWO

M. Nosikov from Neftegorsk, Kuibyshev region, has been engaged in the independent construction of snowmobiles for the sixth year.

The sleigh was reworked many times, but the results quite satisfying to the designer were obtained. ANOMI-4 (Fig. 10) is the fourth and most successful amateur design. The machine has a pleasant appearance, good driving performance, stable, maneuverable and, most importantly, reliable in operation.

The design is made according to the four-ski scheme, with front controlled skis. The body is semi-closed, streamlined. It accommodates two people.

Unlike the usually accepted scheme, when the driver sits in front and the passenger in the back, in ANOMI-4 they sit side by side.

Despite the fact that the car has an incompletely closed body, the windshield and the upper glazed sections of the entrance doors protect passengers well from the oncoming air flow.

The back of the case is made with a large bevel, providing a good air supply to the working propeller.

The snowmobile used a motorcycle engine M-72 with a capacity of 22 liters. With. It is located above the rear edge of the hull and is attached to the tubular motor frame. The propeller shaft is mounted above the engine on a subframe. The transmission is carried out through an intermediate shaft by a chain. The engine is connected to the intermediate shaft through a universal joint. On the intermediate shaft, which rotates in ball bearings, there are two sprockets: a drive one (to drive the propeller shaft) and a small one (from the rear wheel of the bicycle) - to drive the magdyne, which gives current to lighting devices.

Pictured (top to bottom). An unusual transmission from the engine to the propeller - two bevel gears with a rigid vertical shaft - was made on N. Melnikov's snowmobile (Tyumen).

Snowmobile "on the contrary": steering ski at the back, front - fixed, propeller - in front. Design by I. Tsipan (Rivne region).

Mini-sleigh L. Perchenko (Murmansk region) with a PD-10/IZH-49 engine.

V. Mishagin's mini-sleigh (Gorky) with an IZH-49 engine equipped with a gear reducer.

Magdina was used from the M-105 motorcycle, but in a homemade case. Located under the intermediate shaft and bolted to the engine frame.

A two-spark magneto was installed on the rear cover of the engine, which greatly simplified the ignition circuit and made it possible to get rid of a heavy battery.

Propeller - left rotation, diameter - 2 m. Made of pine straight-grained bar. The propeller shaft is mounted on ball bearings.

M. Nosikov is working on the creation of a propeller with a variable (during movement) blade pitch, with a reverse - for braking (while the pin brakes located in the rear skis are used).

The snowmobile has a propeller guard made of pipes and a sparse protective mesh.

The speed of the ANOMI-4 snowmobile on virgin snow with a full load is 40-45 km / h.

REDUCER DOUBLE

Light snowmobile with a 20 hp engine. With. built by I. Melnikov from Tyumen (p. 16). Enclosed glass cabin provides good review And necessary comfort for the car driver. A powerful headlight is located in the front.

To reduce the center of gravity and ensure good stability of the machine, the engine is mounted on rubber couplings to the lower duralumin profiles of the body.

The transmission from the engine to the propeller shaft was originally made: through two gearboxes c. bevel gears and vertical shaft. Gear ratio 11:20. The gears of the gearboxes are placed in special flanged housings. The vertical shaft connecting both gearboxes has soft cardan couplings that compensate for possible inaccuracies when assembling the machine.

The propeller has three wooden blades, each of which enters with its shank into the nest of a metal sleeve and is clamped special nut. The angle of the blades can be adjusted on the spot, when the engine is not running; clamping nuts are locked with wire. Propeller diameter - 1.5 m.

The fuel supply is 40 liters, placed in two tanks, it lasts for 250-300 km. The maximum speed of the snowmobile is 90 km/h.

Aerosleigh - the other way around?

"Whirlwind-2" - this is the name of the snowmobile built by N. Tsipan from the Rivne region. They reach speeds up to 50 km/h.

The snowmobile is made according to the "reverse" three-ski scheme - two front skis are fixed rigidly on the transverse beam, and the rear one is controllable. Engine IZH-56 with a capacity of 13 liters. With. located in front on the housing beam, the propeller is four-bladed, pulling, with a diameter of 1.4 m. The transmission from the engine to the propeller shaft is carried out by a motorcycle chain.

The upper part of the engine and the propeller shaft are covered with an easily removable hood, providing good access to all units of the engine installation.

The propeller blades are made of 10 mm thick plywood and are riveted with their butt part into the double-sided legs of the bushing, which is attached to the shaft on a key and tightened with a locking nut.

The body of the snowmobile is of a closed type, with one door on the port side.

MINI SLED

Several options for small-sized snowmobiles, one of which - see photo - was created by L. Perchenko from the village of Olenya-1 in the Murmansk region. As an engine, he used an old, decommissioned tractor "starter" PD-10, with minor alterations: the water-cooled cylinder was replaced with a motorcycle, air-cooled, from the IZH-49 engine.

To supply fuel from a gasoline tank (polyethylene canister) placed under the engine, a gasoline pump of the Veterok-8 outboard motor was used. To provide the engine with fuel before starting, a manual priming pump is installed between the tank and the gasoline pump.

Propeller - duralumin, block, with reinforcing pads in the butt. Screw diameter - 1.1 m.

To increase the bearing area and reduce the calcination of the machine when driving on loose, deep snow it has an additional fourth ski, located between the rear ones, along the axis of symmetry of the machine. When moving, the rear ski follows the trail of the front, controlled.

As a cross beam rear suspension the root sheet of an automobile spring (1 plate) was used.

Aerosleighs are distinguished by low weight and small dimensions: length - 3 m, width - 1.2 m. Developed speed - up to 50 km / h.

cylinder down

To make a small, beautiful and light car - this was also the goal of Valery Mishagin from Gorky, developing his design of a snowmobile (pictured). He succeeded. Aerosleighs VAM-1 are compact, elegant, and their weight is only 80 kg. For these mini-sledges, the IZH-49 engine was used, located at the back, cylinder down.

To increase the traction force of the propeller, a gear reducer with a gear ratio of 1: 1.5 is installed on the engine, and the engine is boosted. This made it possible to reduce the speed of the propeller, and by increasing the diameter to 1.4 m, to increase the thrust. Screw wooden (birch), block.

The body of the snowmobile in the lower part has a load-bearing frame and a lightweight streamlined superstructure, which leans forward along with the steering column, providing a comfortable fit for the driver in the car. The body length is only 2 m.

During tests, the mini-sleigh showed a speed of 60 km / h.

I. YUVENALEV, engineer

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What is an aerosleigh? This is an indispensable assistant in moving through snow-covered forests, fields and other areas. From a technical point of view, this is an automatic vehicle that has skids instead of wheels, but moves by classic motor internal combustion and propeller.

On such a sleigh, they develop speeds of up to 140 km / h. Speed ​​is the main advantage of snowmobiles over snowmobiles. And if you equip it with a cab and improve the suspension, then you won’t find more comfortable movement in deep snow. The design is so simple that it is not difficult to make it yourself from improvised means.

Technical characteristics of the snowmobile

By technical properties snowmobiles differ little from chainsaws. However, with low thrust, it is possible to develop high speed.

• 4700 rpm engine power;
• 15 hp;
• 62 kg - maximum propeller thrust;
• screw diameter 1300 mm;
• 2300 - the maximum number of revolutions of the screw per minute;
• 1.85 - gear ratio of the gearbox;
• 0.68 sq.m. - the area of ​​the sliding surface of the runners (skis);
• 40-50 l. - the volume of the fuel tank;
• 40-50 km / h - maximum speed;
• 50-70 km / h - maximum speed on rolled snow;
• 75-80 km / h - maximum speed on virgin snow;
• 100-110 km / h - maximum speed on the crust;
• 90.7 kg - weight without driver (dry weight);
• 183 kg - full curb weight.

load capacity

Load capacity refers to the weight of the driver, passengers, cargo and additional fuel. In the snowmobile, 1-5 passengers are taken on board. The weight of the cargo on board reaches 300 kg.

Thus, snowmobiles become a help in moving goods and people between distant settlements in snowy areas. They will also become indispensable during the hunt to drag the carcass or get to the desired square.

Travel range

If a small-capacity engine is installed on a snowmobile, then on one standard tank of 40 liters. At cruising speed, it is possible to overcome up to 300 km.

Fuel supply

The amount of fuel in the car directly depends on the volume of the fuel bank. On average, it is 40-50 liters. In the ratio of weight and volume occupied, this is considered a standard that harmoniously distributes the load.

Therefore, it is possible to overcome long distances without refueling. In addition, an additional fuel canister with a volume of up to 20 liters is taken on board, and if the reserve in the tank is used up, add an additional one and get to your destination.

Speed

On rolled snow, the speed of the sleigh is 40-50 km/h. When driving in deep snow and virgin lands 75-80 km/h. Nast allows you to accelerate to 110 km / h. However, it is dangerous to travel at such a speed, the stability of the machine is reduced and there is a risk of overturning.

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For 13 years of active fishing, I have found many ways to improve the bite. And here are the most effective ones:

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2. More sensitive gear. Read the relevant manuals for the particular type of tackle on the pages of my website.
3. Lures based pheromones.

You can get the rest of the secrets of successful fishing for free by reading my other materials on the site.

Engine braking and starting system

The brakes on mechanized sleds are installed in the form of a scraper on the rear ski. When the driver presses the brake pedal with the help of a cable system, the scrapers fall to the ground and slow down.

The engine is started either by unwinding the flywheel with a cable, or by using the ignition system through the key.

Features of snowmobiles for fishermen

For fishermen in winter, snowmobiles are like a boat in summer. On them it is not difficult to get to the center of the reservoir on the ice, load the catch and bring it to the shore. Due to the lightness of the design, the sled does not pose a danger when moving on ice (unless it is the beginning or end of winter, when the ice is thin).

How to make an aerosleigh

It is not difficult to make an aerosleigh on your own. However, this will take time, tools, blank materials and drawings. Accurate calculation and compliance with the requirements imposed by the laws of physics for machines moving on snow and on a screw drive depend on the safety and durability of the unit.

Frame

The manufacture of snowmobiles independently begins with the hull. It consists of a frame and cladding. For the normal strength of the frame, it provides two spars. The standard dimensions for them are 35x35x2350 mm. The structure is reinforced with power stringers measuring 25x16x2850 mm and five supporting stringers (20x12x2100 mm). Also in the case there is a front part and an engine compartment on the back part. For streamlining the body to the front, the cab is narrowed.

4 frames (circular beams) are installed throughout the entire hull with equal distance from each other. They are monolithic and made of plywood 10 mm thick. The widest frames for the reliability and stability of the structure are reinforced with transverse beams in the strut on the top.

First, the lower frame is installed, on which the frames are mounted. Spacers are installed in them, attached to the frames with corners. Then the stringers are attached. The frame is glued with casein glue. The joints are wrapped with gauze and impregnated with glue (or already impregnated with glue with a bandage).

Hull sides are sheathed with plywood sheets. A duralumin sheathing is installed on top. Inside the cab, a plywood driver's seat is mounted or a ready-made plastic one is installed. Behind the driver's seat is the luggage compartment. It stores tools, consumable parts, an extra canister of fuel, and the driver's personal effects.

Propeller installation

Installation of a propeller installation is a more complicated process than assembling a cabin. A motorcycle engine is often used to drive the propeller, for example, IZH-56. A bearing is installed on the frame, into which the screw shaft is then placed.

With the help of two brackets, the engine is attached by four struts to a wooden plate measuring 385x215x40 mm. The slab is sheathed on both sides with sheets of plywood 5 mm thick. The legs of the struts are reinforced with duralumin corners.

For the subsequent adjustment of the tension of the V-belt, a plate of plywood or textolite is placed between the channels and the carrier plate. The engine is cooled by a fan, which is placed on the crankcase by a bracket.

Chassis

The third stage of homemade assembly is the installation of the chassis. For the manufacture of skis, plywood 10 mm thick is used. Birch timber is used for reinforcement, and the top of the ski is covered with stainless steel sheet metal. The mounting mechanism of the ski to the body, called the "boar", is attached with M6 bolts.

The ski has an undercut made of a steel tube with a diameter of 8 mm. The ends of the tube are flattened. They are attached in the middle under the boar. The function of undercuts is to keep the machine stable when cornering.

The front of the ski is curved. To bend plywood, it is heated in boiling water and shaped with the help of a slipway. A metal plate is installed for preservation. The ski spring is made of wood and consists of three parts.

The lower part is made of birch, has dimensions of 25x130x1400 mm and a semi-axle is attached to it. The middle and upper parts are made of pine. Together they are tightened with dural sheet and M8 bolts. A kind of shock absorber is provided on the front ski, which prevents digging into the snow when moving.

It is a rubber band. Due to the fact that rear end machines are heavier, in combination with a harness, the ski does not fall into the snow and remains with its nose just above the horizontal axis.

Acceleration and braking of the snowmobile occurs due to pressure on the corresponding pedals, and steering is provided by the steering wheel.

To simplify the assembly of the structure, it is better to attach the propeller ready. Self-manufacturing is difficult and not everyone can do it.

Homemade snowmobile equipment

Sledges on a screw course are equipped with a variety of devices. However, on the front panel, made of a PCB sheet, a fuel level indicator, a tachometer, a speedometer, an ignition switch and an ammeter are usually installed.

You can put a lot more devices, but the expediency is unjustified. Inside the cab is the carburetor air and throttle lever. A mirror is installed on the left side, and a visor is installed on the upper part of the cab.

Snowmobile powered by a chainsaw

Snowmobile? is it a self-propelled sled, which includes an internal combustion engine and a propeller? propeller. The vehicle is intended for driving on snowy and slippery roads. The speed of such a sled can reach up to 140 km / h, depending on the power of the motor. The design of the snowmobile includes a chassis consisting of three or four skis. This type Sleighs can be easily made by hand.

Main advantage this tool movement in front of snowmobiles are speed characteristics. Also, with a cab and good suspension, the comfort level in the sled is almost the same as in the car. Aerosleighs have a very simple design, you can make them yourself. This requires an engine, for example, from a motorcycle? Jupiter?, materials for the body and only three wooden skis.

Making simple do-it-yourself sleds

First of all, it is necessary to make a case from wooden beams, which need to be sheathed with plywood, to fix pillows and chairs. Sledge skis must be made of birch boards. To strengthen the structure with the support of a motorcycle engine? Jupiter? you can use plywood strips.

Attach the brakes behind the skis, which will be activated by the driver when the right pedal is pressed. For this, pins and a cable are used. Put the rear ski close to the main frame, which is attached to the rear of the hull. Mount the front ski, which is responsible for control, on a metal bracket, which will be located on the side of the body.

To assemble the control mechanism, you need to use the steering wheel from the motorcycle, from which the sled engine is removed. The motor is best used from "Jupiter". It is mounted on a frame in the form of a tube, like a propeller, to which torque is transmitted using a motorcycle chain gearbox. The rotation of the screw should reach 1440 rpm. To provide additional security mesh is installed.

The frame covering the engine from "Jupiter" is attached to the body by means of struts on the suspension. The fuel tank is mounted above the engine.

To make a propeller, you must first make blanks for the blades by cutting out elements from pine or oak. The propeller is glued together with casein glue. Dimensioning must be accurate. The glued screw parts are dried and protected until ready for use. It is important to plan each of the blades with a planer after drying. The propeller blades are pasted over with cloth and painted. For this, you can use calico. After checking each of the screws to maintain balance, they are mounted on the sleeve, after which the snowmobile is completely ready for operation.

Aerosleigh engines

To create a sleigh with your own hands, can you use a motorcycle engine? Jupiter? or car? Zhiguli?. The main components and parts of the engine include: gearbox cover, rear and front plates, gaskets, drive gear, cylinder body and mounting bracket. The most commonly used motors are:

Carburetor K-62I with two cylinders? this mechanism uses a gearbox from the gas distribution device of the MTZ-80 tractor. The engine is equipped with a special electric starter and battery. The ignition mechanism is battery operated. The fuel tank can hold up to 30 liters of gasoline.

? D-30? This module does not have a gearbox for the propeller. Thrust is 40 kgf. It is used on light snowmobiles, mainly on those that are made by hand, and not on serial ones. The installation of this type of device depends on the calculation of the characteristics of the enclosure.

D 15? differs from analogues in the presence of a chain reducer attached to a propeller. The latter has a diameter of 1.4 m and develops a sufficient traction force of 60 kgf. A kind of D15 engine? D-15z? equipped with a gear reducer. Recommended for use in snowmobiles and paragliders. The gears that are installed in the gearbox are also used in the KAMAZ-740 gas distribution mechanism. All engines of this series have a fuel tank of 15 liters.

What you need for a hovercraft

To create a hovercraft sled, you need to use a regular saw, planer and drill. Also need to pull out of the old motorcycle?Jupiter? operating power plant. Welding and other fine processing can be transferred to specialists, or you can do it yourself.

Plywood and boards will serve as the main material. The best option would be to use varieties of BS-1 or PSF, because ordinary element cannot withstand high humidity. Plywood is pretreated with varnish, other special coatings are applied.

For self-mounting of the case, you need to use special construction adhesives. Epoxy resin or premium casein can act as such a tool. For complete and reliable pairing of all elements with your own hands, 5 kg of glue will be enough. It is important to use only waterproof options.

For creating air cushion only durable materials should be used. Also among the main characteristics are elasticity and airtightness. The pillow can be created independently from domestic materials, for example, from rubberized fabrics up to 1.5 mm thick. The main thing is to install the engine so that it does not damage the shell. The basis is cotton and synthetic elements. The pillow will resemble an inflatable boat.

You can assemble a sled on a pillow using a power plant from a motorcycle? Izh-Jupiter?. The power of such an engine is 24 horsepower. For a pillow, you can install a transmission from a scooter, a home-made gas tank, headlights from a tractor and other elements for an amphibian with your own hands. It is important that the frame is made of a metal profile. Engine power is enough to overcome the deepest snowdrifts without failures. Before starting a trip, you need to check all the gearbox covers on the motor.