If you have a low-frequency speaker lying around somewhere, then it will not be bad for him to assemble a simple amplifier for a subwoofer on tda7377
Car radio from the module with aliexpress
Do-it-yourself lithium battery 12 Volt
Many people use the popular 12 V 7.2 Ah lead-acid battery in some devices. This battery can be found in many devices, from children's electric cars to UPS, or systems for maintaining the voltage of critical devices in the event of a power failure. Why is he so popular? The price is its main advantage and probably the only one.
voltmeter connection with aliexpress
A voltmeter with REM came to me by mail from China. First of all, I checked his work at home using a computer power supply. And by the way, let me tell you something else. some people wrote to me that REM does not work on them, and that the voltmeter works constantly, even when the GU is turned off. At first I thought so too.
Do-it-yourself booster to start a car
When winter approaches, a common problem for drivers is that the battery may not always start the car, it is either planted, and the battery itself does not work very well in frost.
A good solution would also be to create DIY booster.
In simple terms, this is the same external battery (power bank) as for the phone, only this time for our car.
Charging for a car battery from modules with Ali
With the onset of the cold season, the motorist is increasingly faced with how to charge the battery for the car.
In this article, we will not need much, because we will collect do-it-yourself charger from modules from the well-known site-Aliexpress.
How to connect a consumer with a supply voltage of 12v to a 24v network
how to connect a consumer with a supply voltage of 12v to a 24v network
(voltage converter 24v-12v)
It is known that in some cars, the on-board network is not 12 volts, which is most common, but 24 Volts.
And here some difficulties arise, but how to connect the same anti-radar or video recorder or other consumer operating from 12 volts.
To do this, it will be good to assemble a converter for a car, which will be our 24 Volts, convert 12 Volts. And you can install a cigarette lighter on these 12 Volts, and our consumers will already turn on there.
Subwoofer box filler
How to choose a filler for the case in the subwoofer.
When creating a subwoofer with your own hands, you should also consider which filler to choose for the box, and also take into account such rules as.
1) The material of the box should be as deaf as possible. (Knock on plywood 8ke and then 20ke and you will understand what I mean)
2) The box should be as strong as possible. (joints and joints must be stronger than the material itself)
A selection of original and interesting circuit solutions and improvements for various types of car.
Automatic car charger- The circuit turns on the battery for charging when the voltage on it drops to a certain level and turns it off when the maximum is reached.
Charger for the car on the integrated circuit LM7815- The basis of the circuit is an integrated circuit LM7815 with a protection system and analog indicator circuits. A voltmeter and an ammeter added to the circuit as indicators provide current and voltage monitoring while the battery is charging.
Voltage polarity switch for the charger - designed to charge twelve-volt car batteries. Its main feature is that it allows the connection of a battery, with any polarity.
Automatic charger for automotive lead-acid batteries
Charger for powerful car batteries- based on the IR2153 chip, this is a self-clocked half-bridge driver, which is quite often used in industrial ballasts for fluorescent lamps
Engine overheat sensor. In order not to wait for the moment when the water in the radiator turns into steam, you can use the design on the DS1821 thermostat
Ice sensor As soon as the air temperature drops to 4 degrees Celsius, the LED fixed on the dashboard of the car will start flashing, with a further decrease in temperature, the LED flashes at a higher frequency. And if the temperature drops to - 1 degree or lower, the LED will light up to - 6 degrees, and then the device automatically turns off.
Seat belt sensor If you drive with seat belts not fastened, you can get injured in an accident, or run into a fine. In the arsenal of a radio amateur there are special developments that signal to the driver that the belt is not fastened
Radiator water level indicator. The device signals a decrease in the water level, which will inevitably lead to overheating of the motor.
Voltage indicator in the car's on-board network On most cars there is no device, according to which the driver could judge the voltage of the on-board network. The voltage of the car's on-board network varies over a wide range, depending on the mode of operation of the power supply system.
Schematic diagram of the pre-sleep driver status indicator As you know, up to 25-30% of traffic accidents are caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel. To assess the psychophysiological state of the driver in the process of driving a vehicle, telemetric systems have been developed to control the frequency of blinking his eyelids, register biopotential, galvanic skin response, and motor activity. All of the above methods have not found wide application in practice due to their complexity, high cost, the need to fix various sensors on the skin of the driver.
A radio amateur selection on the topic of lighting in the car, as well as home-made designs from backlighting the back number to replacing light bulbs in the instrument panel: LED repeater, automatic anti-dazzle lamp, dipped beam diagrams, designs and fixtures for headlights, Stop signal, its purpose and refinement, Scheme for delaying turning on and off the light in the car, Running lights automatic control circuit on a microcontroller, etc.
Making a neutral sensor. Many car enthusiasts know that it is quite difficult to install a car alarm with auto start on a car with a manual transmission, and by switching the alarm to the "automatic" mode, you can get an unpleasant result. But, in order to solve these problems, you can make the autorun operation safer by installing a neutral sensor from a reed switch. Recall that for autostart with a manual gearbox, the logical neutral setting of the car for an alarm and blocking the doors can only be done with the engine running and the handbrake raised. If these conditions are not met, then autorun is not possible.
Anti-theft simulator simulates your car's engine failures
Infrared remote anti-theft device. The schemes of remote security devices for a car on IR rays, in which information coding is used, are considered.
Recommendations for installing car alarms What can be done to prevent car theft? Of course, put an anti-theft system. Currently, there are many different types of signaling devices. Many firms and installation stations can offer the car owner a number of ways to protect the car from theft. A good alarm is not a guarantee of complete security. You also need a competent, and sometimes non-standard installation of an alarm. A qualified installer knows the most common methods used by hijackers and uses this knowledge when installing
Simple starter blocking circuit consists of only one resistor and an optocoupler.
Diagram of a simple bicycle anti-theft system This design for a bicycle will work if you change its position, or if you touch it. The alarm sound signal lasts 30 seconds, and after a few seconds, it repeats and so on until the bicycle anti-theft device is turned off.
Wireless car alarm- blocks the car engine using any mobile phone or smartphone
Articles about the manufacture of tools and devices for the maintenance and repair of cars and their main components with their own hands: Maintenance of car batteries; schemes of stroboscopes-tachometers; Thickness gauge for car paintwork; Homemade regrower for cutting the tread and other original designs.
We bring to the attention of radio amateurs a circuit of an electronic "ground" switch that does not have mechanical contacts and therefore is more reliable and durable. In addition, this device can also be used as an anti-theft device.
Car diagrams. Parktronic on a digital chip |
Parktronic is a special auxiliary device that provides additional convenience, especially for a novice car enthusiast, when parking by calculating the distance to obstacles closest to the car and signaling the approach to them with sound and visual signs. All parking sensors work like a radar, i.e. they emit ultrasonic waves with special ultrasonic sensors and analyze the sound signal reflected from obstacles
It's the 21st century, and car speedometers in most cars are still analog, processing signals from a conventional speed sensor. Let's correct this misunderstanding by nav to help, a simple speedometer circuit on a microcontroller for DIY
Of course, this is not a professional device, but its modest capabilities will make it possible to detect the degree of alcohol concentration for the driver's self-control in order to prevent trouble on the road.
I think every car enthusiast will not refuse to have an additional service connector in the car, adapted for USB or miniUSB. Such adapters will help out in many situations, for example, powering PC peripherals, charging mobile phones or smartphones, event video recorders, and everything that is powered by the USB bus.
Motion sensors (DD) can be used not only for their intended purpose to turn on the light or as an element of a burglar alarm, but also in cars. For example, it will scare away a cat that decided to bask under the soot of your car, thereby saving her life, and you will save yourself from the work of cleaning your engine from the remains of a poor animal. After all, infrared DD will react to any moving biological object that has a "thermal" background.
There are many nodes in the car to control the inclusion and serviceability of which is quite difficult, and for these purposes an audible signaling device is ideal, in addition, its use while reversing informs surrounding pedestrians and other drivers about the vehicle moving backwards, which is especially important for large trucks
I propose to your court, familiarize yourself with a simple diagram of a car glass closer. It performs the role of lifting the windows at the moment when the car is put on a burglar alarm. Stopping the operation of the window regulator device is carried out as a result of an increase in the flowing current in the load at the moment the windows are fully raised.
Automobile electric fuel pump device, principle of operation and repair. As an example, consider the device and principle of operation of the BOSCH submersible electric fuel pump series 0580254, which is used in all modifications of the K-Jefronic fuel injection system.
car alarm It is designed to simulate a car horn, and is made on composite transistors and thyristors.
Many have portable receivers and tape recorders with a 9 volt krona battery. On the road, it is convenient to power them from the car battery without wasting the resource of expensive batteries. It is impossible to connect such radio equipment directly to the battery, since its voltage can vary from 10 to 15 V. In addition, when the engine is running, impulse noise appears in the vehicle's on-board network
A selection of simple schemes for motorists: Anti-sleep buzzer, ice alarms, Crankcase gas cleaner, Device for quick start of the engine in any frost, Compressometer, Anti-radar, Aerodynamic nozzle on the exhaust pipe and other structures
A collection of wiring diagrams for cars is a very large selection.
The circuits considered below on microcontrollers output to a two-digit digital indicator with a common anad readings from a 40l fuel sensor. The structures are powered from the vehicle's on-board network. A native car sensor in the tank is connected to the "in" input.
Probably all drivers at least once forgot to turn off the direction indicators after making a maneuver? Regular clicks from the front panel are not always well audible, especially if music is playing in the cabin, so I propose to supplement your car with a simple do-it-yourself turn signal indicator circuit.
The cigarette lighter is one of the few automotive features that has retained its original design for more than 70 years during its appearance. As a result of this, the same design is used on both rare cars and the most modern models. Of course, in the old days this device was used only for the sake of one function, although now in the modern “information world” it performs different functions, for example, a connector for charging various digital gadgets or even starting a car.
Amateur radio turn signal circuits designed to only work with the LEDs in your car's brake lights, if you're still using regular bulbs you can easily replicate the turn signal light design. Easy Development" Stop lights"- a homemade time relay will turn off the latter if they burn for more than 40-60 seconds, and turn relay upgrade 495.3747 will make it possible to introduce LEDs instead of incandescent lamps into the standard VAZ or GAZ equipment.
The proposed first version of the car windshield wiper relay upgrade has a higher reliability and can provide dynamic braking of the engine. No alterations to the standard electrical circuit are required. Fairly simple options for upgrading the wiper relay will allow you not to be distracted by turning the wipers on and off. In addition, many older cars have a simple windshield wiper speed control - two fast-slow settings - not much tweaking is needed. And install a humidity sensor and water drops that fall on it will start the circuit themselves.
A car monitor with rear view cameras is a very important element in your car, because in modern urban realities you have to be a parking master to find a place to park your car. An example of installing a monitor in a car visor is clearly shown, which makes the image optimally located for the driver's eyes.
In our time, more than ever, the issue of accounting and saving energy resources, including fuel for vehicles, is acute. Of the wide variety of devices that take into account fuel consumption, the most widely used are devices with a sensor recording element in the form of an impeller. Sensors with a different measurement principle, although they have sufficient accuracy, are difficult to manufacture and have disadvantages. Practice has shown that impeller sensors, made with the necessary and sufficient accuracy, can work for years without requiring maintenance, with an error in registration below the tolerance for this type of device.
The ignition system is a set of various automotive devices and devices that generate an electrical spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine at the moment the ignition system key is turned. On this page you can find various schemes for connecting the ignition of VAZ cars. As well as home-made amateur radio variants of the electronic ignition circuit
It has the following advantages: the spark power is increased, the breaker contacts do not burn; no resistor is needed in the ignition coil circuit; when the ignition is on, but the engine is not running, the circuit smoothly without a spark, turns off
In the Soviet automobile industry, the turn signal interrupter of the PC57 type was of the electromagnetic principle of operation and was used to ensure the flashing of signal lamps, which makes the turn signal to other traffic participants more visible and noticeable. The turn signal breaker is connected in series to the circuit of signal lamps signaling the turn. As part of the article, we will consider options for replacing this electromagnetic device with its electronic counterparts.
Probably every motorist forgot in the warm season to close the windows in the car so that this does not happen again, I propose to assemble a circuit designed to automatically close all windows in the car when setting the alarm. Let's consider several possible options for implementing the design from simple circuits with a relay to a microcontroller-based power window control.
Each driver of a heavy vehicle or bus with an on-board network voltage of 24 volts faced the problem of connecting a 12 volt consumer. This article provides a solution to this problem.
In all modern cars, when the engine temperature reaches a critical point, the radiator cooling fan is activated. But there are a lot of negative effects of a sharp start, which over time affects the electrics of the vehicle. This article describes a diagram of an option to replace the cooling fan soft start relay.
Carburetor economizer device |
Carburettors were installed on cars for many years, until they gradually made their place for various fuel injection systems. But the automotive age of Russian cars is long, and you still have to deal with vehicles that still have a carburetor. Well, as you know, its normal operation is ensured by some devices, among them the main one is a fuel saver. It is about him that we will talk, and also consider the scheme of the forced idle economizer system for VAZ cars
A car starter is a device that provides engine start after a turn in all weather conditions. Almost all starters, by their nature, are ordinary electric motors of short duration, but of high power. The startup cycle of a typical device consists of three attempts with a 30 second interval between them. Since the car has a single source of electricity (battery), the engineers chose a DC electric motor for starters.
Every car owner who has been behind the wheel of a budget car knows how long it takes to get heat from the engine when it warms up in the winter, especially if you live in the northern part of the largest country in the world. The time to set a comfortable temperature is about 30 minutes, and so every morning. The best idea for solving this problem, in my opinion, is to heat the car interior with a fan heater. An old toaster and a faulty computer power supply helped bring the idea to life.
In winter, for many Russian drivers, the time begins when a preheated engine is required to travel by car. The car antifreeze heating scheme helps to solve this problem. The first considered is easy enough to repeat.
Heated steering wheel, along with heated seats, mirrors, windows, is not a luxury these days, but an indicator of the level that a person lives in a civilized country. All of the above parameters in a private car are very convenient, and help the driver to focus only on driving, and not on his frozen fingers.
This design is designed to generate a sound signal when trucks and buses move backwards, while automatically starting to generate a sound signal warning of danger.
The main advantage of the second battery is that the accumulated energy is consumed through an additional battery, and the first one is in reserve, that is, you don’t have to worry about starting the car after a picnic far from civilization. Many foreign cars already have a second battery under the hood. Their only drawback is the parallel connection of 2 batteries
This amateur radio design is suitable for charging most smartphones and tablets from 5 volts even with the ignition off. Or it will allow you to power the DVR for 40 minutes, while the car is waiting for its owner in the parking lot. The basis of the circuit is the AVR Tiny13 microcontroller, the firmware is attached to it.
Car wooden mini lift
Fig.1
This device may not be superfluous at all among the inventory of a motorist, Fig. 1. Due to their extreme simplicity, they can be made in literally 15 - 20 minutes. One and a half meter board with a thickness of 50 mm, several square bars and nails - that's all the necessary materials for the manufacture of two "express lifts" that simultaneously serve as wheel stops.
Of course, the scheme can be repeated using metal corners.
and. "M / K" 02-1988,
and. "Ezermeshter", Hungary
garage switch
The light in the garage is usually turned on with an ordinary mechanical switch. But this method has three significant drawbacks:
The voltage to the lamp is applied abruptly, therefore, in winter at negative temperatures, the lamp often bursts.
To turn on the light, you need to open the entrance gate to fumble with your hand somewhere in the area of \u200b\u200bthe electrical panel, which is unsafe, especially with high humidity.
It's easy to forget to turn off the lights when you leave.
Fig.2
Figure 2 shows a simple tested circuit
automatic switch, which automatically turns on the light when the entrance gate is opened, while ensuring the smooth ignition of the lamp, and automatically turns off the light when the gate is closed. The circuit is built on the well-known KR1182PM1 microcircuit, a phase power regulator up to 150 watts.
The control body is the reed switch S 1. The figure shows how it is installed in the gate opening. When the gate is closed, the magnet is very close to the reed switch and the reed switch contacts are closed. The lamp is off. When the gate is opened, the magnet moves away from the reed switch. Its contacts open and capacitor C1 begins to charge. The lamp ignites smoothly and, after about two seconds, it is already burning at full incandescence.
Thus, the lamp burns all the time while the gate is open (or ajar). Such a solution, of course, is not suitable for a bathroom, but, mind you - when you are in the garage, you always keep the gate open. It does not even have any internal lock or handle. Moreover, many garage doors are made in such a way that some effort is required to completely close the gate. This is to ensure that you do not accidentally get poisoned by exhaust fumes.
The adjustment consists only in setting the relative position of the reed switch and the permanent magnet. The reed switch is located in the cut of the bar. Then, it, along with the soldering points of the wires, must be insulated with epoxy resin.
Klimov N.I.
Probe - auto repair indicator
When checking the wiring of the car and looking for faults in its electrical equipment, the driver often has at his disposal a warning lamp or an electronic tester. However, even this is not enough to check, for example, the presence of high voltage on spark plugs, etc. And having only a test lamp available, it is impossible to determine the health of the capacitor or the integrity of the signal line.
In order for the listed work to be carried out on the way, you need to stock up on a relatively simple and powerful probe, assembled according to the scheme in Fig. 3.
Fig.3
The probe is convenient in that when working with it, you will not need any connecting conductors to connect to the circuits under test - their role is played by ... the hands of an auto repairman.
On three transistors of different structures, a DC amplifier is made, loaded on the LED HL 1. In the initial state, the transistors are closed, the LED is off. But it is worth applying a constant voltage to the XP1 probe and the E2 sensor (plus it should be on the probe) 5.5V or more, as through resistors R1-R 2 and the emitter junction of the transistor VT 1 current will flow. The LED will light up. It is easy to calculate that the probe "fires" at an input current of less than a microamp. That is why a connecting conductor, for example, between the E2 sensor and the car body is not needed - just touch the sensor with one hand and grab any metal part attached to the body with the other so that the probe can check the voltage at different points of the wiring.
If you need to check the integrity of some conductor or section of the circuit, a probe and sensor E1 are connected to them. Now through the circuit under study and resistors R1, R 3 current will flow from the power source GB 1. The LED will flash again.
Now about working with the probe. Hold it in the right (or left) hand. Controlling the voltage, the finger of the right hand touches the E2 sensor, the left hand touches the "mass" of the car, and the probe touches the necessary points of the electrical equipment. When checking the integrity of the chain, touch the sensor E1 with a finger, one end of the chain with a probe, and the other with your left hand. To eliminate errors in the indication due to the high sensitivity of the probe, check the state of the LED when touching the circuit under test only with the probe probe.
To check the capacitor, the fingers of the right hand are still held on the E1 sensor, the probe touches one terminal of the capacitor, and the other with the left hand. A short flash of the LED at the time of connection will indicate the health of the capacitor.
To check for high voltage on the candles, the probe is brought close to the high-voltage wires. The flickering of the LED will indicate voltage discharges in the combustion chamber.
Before each measurement, it is necessary to check the operability of the probe by “closing” the probe and sensor E1 with your hands. If the LED does not light up, you should check the power source or the quality of the contact between the battery leads and the device circuits. Remember to recharge the batteries periodically.
Ponomarev V.
Chelyabinsk
Alarm - Fasten your seat belts!
Now driving with unfastened seat belts is not only a serious injury in an accident, but also financial losses when meeting with a traffic police officer. And yet, most drivers are used to driving unfastened, and it is very difficult to fight habits - you can run into a fine simply because of forgetfulness.
Fig.4
Figure 4 shows the diagram and design of a simple signaling device that gives an intermittent sound signal if you turn on the ignition but do not fasten your seat belt.
A self-made sensor is installed on the belt lock, made of two rings from spiral plates inserted into holes pre-drilled in the lock body. When you insert the metal tongue of the belt into the lock, these springs close through it. Well, then everything is clear from the diagram.
When the ignition is turned on, the voltage from the output of the lock is supplied to the power circuit of the microcircuit D 1. The R4-VD1 stabilizer protects the circuit from voltage surges.
If the ignition is on and the belt is not fastened, the multivibrators work and an intermittent high-pitched sound is heard from the piezoelectric tweeter B1.
If the belt is fastened, the multivibrators will be blocked and there will be no sound.
Kasimov V.
Device for listening to the noise of car mechanisms
Car enthusiasts know how difficult it can be to find the source of extraneous noise in the car. There are many such sources: the engine, transmission, exhaust system, wheels, body elements, air flows around the car when driving.
Fig.5
A simple device, described in Fig. 5, can help in identifying and analyzing sources of noise, squeaks and knocks of a different nature, sometimes occurring only at a certain speed and various loads. The device allows you to diagnose the condition of bearings, valves, injectors, brake pads and many other mechanisms and assemblies.
Noise sensor signal BQ 1 goes to the input of the bass amplifier DA 1. Variable resistor R 1 allows you to adjust the sensitivity of the device when listening to noises of varying intensity. The output signal goes to the headphones. Gain - up to 26 dB. Quiescent current consumption - no more than 9 mA.
The design and dimensions of the sensor are largely arbitrary. It consists of three parts - a base, a sensitive piezoelectric element and a flat magnet, which makes it easy to install the sensor on the machine unit under study and also easy to remove.
The base is made of metal - steel, copper, brass or aluminum alloy. A piezoelectric sound emitter from a musical postcard was used as a sensitive element of the vibration sensor. The sensing element can be soldered to the base or glued with epoxy. After soldering a flexible shielded cable (its length is not critical), the element should be protected from moisture with a sealant. The shape of the base must protect the sensing element from accidental impacts.
On the side of the base opposite to the element, a small flat magnet is glued (or rigidly attached in any way). It must be strong enough to securely hold the sensor even on the suspension parts of the car when driving on rough roads. The author used a magnet from a faulty computer hard drive.
The device is powered by a Krona galvanic battery or similar imported one. A battery will also work. The sensitive element in the sensor can be any piezoelectric sound emitter, such as ZP-19, ZP-3.
Any phones with a resistance of about 8 ohms are suitable for working with the device. You can use 2x18 ohm stereo phones for players by connecting them in parallel on the X2 connector. If the sound volume in phones is not enough, it can be increased by connecting an oxide capacitor to terminals 1 and 8 (plus to terminal 1) with a capacity of 10 μF for a voltage of 10V.
The finished board is placed in a suitable box with a battery compartment and space for mounting the sensitivity control, power switch and connectors. Power switch SA 1 can be combined with a variable resistor R1.
Fig.6
The assembled device does not require adjustment. The view of the device is shown in Fig.6.
It is very interesting to use the device. It allows you to hear sounds that are usually not perceived by ear - the rustle of bearings, the chirping of nozzles and even the dripping of oil from the engine walls.
Nefedov V.
Bryansk
"Suck" in the injector
In injection cars, the mixture formation is controlled by the processor, using information from various sensors, in particular from the engine temperature sensor. In some cases, due to a firmware defect or inconsistency with the climatic zone, the engine may not start at low temperatures in winter, or overheat at high temperatures in summer.
In order not to change the firmware, you can add another control to the car, somewhat similar in action to the choke handle of an old carburetor engine.
The engine temperature sensor is usually a solid state thermistor. The circuit is shown in Figure 7.
Fig.7
First you need to measure the resistance of the sensor at room temperature. R 1 must be equal to the measured value, and R 2 is 10-15 times larger. You need to connect a variable resistor so that it coaxial switch turned off at maximum resistance(and not the minimum, as in the schemes of volume controls).
Night alarm
Many cities have "streets of broken lanterns" and it is very dark in the yards at night. It is so dark that a car parked at the entrance can be overlooked not only by another driver, but also by a pedestrian. The consequences can be very unpleasant. Well, just leave the included dimensions for the night! But this is not an option, since the current consumption of the parking lights is high and the battery is catastrophically discharged.
Therefore, your car can be equipped with ultra-bright LED parking lights at night. Moreover, such an alarm is activated automatically, immediately after the engine is turned off. The LEDs consume very little current (no more than an alarm in standby mode), and the battery is not threatened with discharge, even when the car is parked for a week.
Fig.8
The circuit is shown in Fig.8. Three conventional super-bright LEDs and one super-bright blinking, and even current-limiting resistor, are connected in series. The circuit is switched on via the oil pressure sensor. When the engine is running, the oil pressure is high and the sensor contacts are off. When the engine is turned off, the oil pressure drops and the sensor contacts close, and this LED circuit turns on through them.
In total, you need to make two such chains - for the front and rear of the car. The circuits are connected in parallel.
LEDs are most conveniently placed in the headlights, but, on the edge, like a backlight, because the front main headlights get hot enough to melt the LED housings. Behind it is most convenient to place in the places of the reverse signal. In total, each headlight has two LEDs.
Super-bright LEDs are clearly visible at night, and indicate the dimensions of the car very well, even slightly illuminating the space around it.
Tikhonov M.A.
P device "Antison"
Most accidents that occur at night and early in the morning are due to the fact that the driver falls asleep at the wheel. The device shown in Fig. 9 is usually called Antison.
Fig.9
These devices resemble the shape of a hearing aid, which is attached behind the right ear of the driver. When the driver falls asleep, his head usually leans forward, the position sensor contacts close, and an audible signal sounds. The position sensor does not respond when the head is tilted to the side and back.
The main requirement for such devices is as follows:
A minimum of parts, which can ensure high reliability of the device;
The power supply must last at least one year and provide power to the circuit at the lowest possible voltage.
Such a device should consist of the following components:
Position sensor;
sound generator;
Headset.
The position sensor can have various designs, for example, a mercury sensor, using a rocking ball, a spring sensor.
In order for the sensor not to have false positives during random vibration, it is better to use a metal cylinder from a roller bearing in it. Such a sensor is more likely to exclude false positives, since in order to close the contacts of the cylinder, it is necessary to overcome the friction resistance. The body of the sensor can be made from the body of a ballpoint pen, placing contact plates made of tin inside it (Fig. 10).
Fig.10
The reliability of such a sensor is higher than with a ball, since it provides linear contact with the bottom plate and flat contact with the vertical plate.
The circuit most suitable for an audible alarm should contain a minimum of details.
Circuit parameters R 1 - C 1 provide an oscillation frequency of the oscillator of about 1 kHz. An electromagnetic telephone can be used as an emitter.
Diode bridge VD 1- VD 4 allows you not to think about the polarity of the connected power source. A lithium cell can be used as a power source CR 2025 13V . The circuit draws less than 5 mA of current, and then only during the sound, so such a source can operate the circuits for a year, providing a sufficient volume of the sound signal. The sensor is marked on the diagram as a switch SA1.
VA - electromagnetic capsule type TON or TM2M from head phones, or similar.
Diodes VD 1- VD 4 types of KD522 can be replaced by almost any low-power diodes for general use.
The KT315 transistor can be replaced by the KT3102 transistor. The KT361 transistor can be replaced by the KT3107 transistor.
There is no limit to perfection. This saying is well known to everyone and everyone. And any car owner strives to make perfection out of his car. For many drivers, factory settings are not enough. They want to bring something of their own. Something that will set them apart from the rest. But what if what you want is not available in the store? There is only one way out: you can not buy - do it yourself.
They have become very popular lately. They improve the appearance of the car, change some technical characteristics or bring nice additions to the options. Among the variety of possible alterations, we propose to consider several options.
car wash
Let's start with the appearance. When a car is clean, its paintwork is shiny and sparkling. It's nice to see this kind of technology. Immediately there is a feeling that the owner is watching his car. But going to the car wash is not always possible for various reasons. In such cases, homemade products for the car will come to the rescue. With your own hands, you can assemble a small sink, which can be used at any convenient time.
To make a sink, you will need the following parts:
- canister with two plums;
- hose 2 m long (suitable for connecting a washing machine);
- watering gun with telescopic rod;
- union;
- spool;
- rubber gasket (outer diameter 2.4 cm, inner diameter 1.5 cm);
- coupling.
And now let's get started:
- We make a hole in the lid of the canister. We smear the “spool” with sealant and insert it into the prepared hole in the cover. Let's dry.
- In the second cover we make a small hole. It is necessary for the junction of the cover and the coupling is treated with sealant and also allowed to dry.
- From the curved end of the inlet hose, cut off the nut with the fastener. Mounting is no longer needed. We apply sealant to the nut and fasten it to the back of the coupling. We connect the hose with the cut side to the nut of the quick-release fitting. Next, the main fitting is twisted, which is also connected to the watering gun.
- On the other side of the hose, insert the rubber gasket into the nut. This will protect the system from air ingress. After that, the nut is screwed onto the quick-release fitting.
This completes the process of making a homemade car for a car with your own hands.
Seat upholstery
Homemade products can also be useful to update the interior. Useful accessories and crafts for cars allow you to replace worn parts, add lighting to the interior and do much more. Consider the option of how to upgrade the seats.
This will require fabric. You can choose two colors - for the central part of the seats, the back of the back will fit beige leather (it will take about 4 m), and everything else will be black. Black leather needs about 3.5 m. The entire fabric needs to be duplicated (glued) with a layer of foam rubber 0.5 cm. The foam rubber is glued with interlining using an iron. This will make it easier to work with him.
From the removed seats (it’s more convenient), we remove the covers. We number their individual parts. In order not to get confused, we transfer everything to paper. Also on paper, you need to mark the places where the knitting needles are attached (they are on the back of the covers). The spokes themselves will then be inserted into new covers.
Next, we disassemble the skin into separate parts (we dissolve the seams). Get patterns of the necessary elements. We lay them out on the wrong side of the fabric (wrong side up, so that the mirror image of the details does not work out) on thick paper (it is possible on wallpaper) and circle around the perimeter. Leave a 1 cm allowance around the edges for seams. Then all patterns are cut and sewn (starting from the center). On the reverse side of any fabric we make pockets where the knitting needles are inserted.
Having connected all the details, we get new covers. We do this process in turn for all the seats. Having made such interesting and useful homemade products for a car with your own hands, you can update the interior without contacting a service.
Ceiling renovation
You can also replace the lining on the ceiling with your own hands. Homemade for the car in this case, you must start by removing the ceiling. This can take quite a lot of time. Fastening in each case individually. There is nothing complicated, the main thing is to carefully examine everything and check that all the details remain intact.
When the ceiling panel is removed, the old fabric is removed from it. When preparing the material for the ceiling, you need to remember one important point: on the wrong side, it should have a small layer of foam rubber. The fabric is glued with heat-resistant glue. When the glue dries, the panel can be installed back on the ceiling. Do it in reverse order.
"Angel Eyes"
It is quite possible to collect electronic useful homemade products for cars with your own hands. For example, "angel eyes" will update the headlights of any car. To make them you will need:
- plastic transparent sticks (can be from blinds);
- resistors (220 Ohm);
- battery (9 V);
- LEDs (3.5 V).
The process looks like this:
- On any metal can, the same diameter as the headlights, we wind a ring of plastic sticks with pliers. To do this, it is slightly heated.
- Next, connect a pair of LED and resistor. Their performance is checked with a battery.
- Another LED is connected to it.
- On a frozen ring made of plastic sticks, we make deep cuts.
- We collect the ring, attach the LEDs, connect.
Conclusion
Do-it-yourself homemade products for a car can be assembled by everyone. The main thing is to be confident in your abilities. A little information from our article, a little bit of our reasoning and thoughts, and everything will work out. And the car will only get better. And it's doubly nice that it's handmade.
If you think that homemade products are for kids and bored housewives, we will dispel your misconceptions very quickly. This section is completely devoted to the manufacture of homemade products from car parts and rubber tires. Almost anything can be made from car tires. From garden shoes to a full-fledged playground with swings, fairy-tale characters and elements for relaxation. Finally, ever-busy dads will have the opportunity to show their creative talents and create something useful and beautiful in their own backyard or house yard.
It is common for automobile tires to become unusable, especially given the domestic quality of roads and sudden changes in temperature. Instead of sending an old tire to a landfill, it can be slightly transformed and given a new life on the playground, in the garden or in the garden.
We have collected a huge number of examples of how to make car homemade using tires for various household and aesthetic purposes. Perhaps one of the most popular ways to use your used tires is the arrangement of playgrounds. The easiest option is to dig in half a row of tires and decorate their upper part in bright colors. The architectural element created in this way will be used by kids as a device for walking and running with obstacles, as well as instead of “furniture”, because sand products can be laid out on the surface of the tire or even sit by yourself, relaxing on a quiet summer evening.
You can aesthetically diversify the exterior of the site by creating fabulous dragons, funny bears that will meet your guests at the entrance to the courtyard, crocodiles and other animals lurking in the garden with the help of tires. For lovers of flowers, a car tire can replace a full-fledged flowerpot, and the plants planted in it will give the yard a well-groomed look.
You can please children by creating a comfortable swing from the most preserved tires. You can leave the shape of the tire in its original form, and, having spent a little more time and effort, create an unusual swing in the form of horses.
Whatever you choose to create a car craft, your children will be delighted to see homemade car crafts in the yard anyway. Inventive kids will be able to play new games and will be sure to be proud of their folder, showing off your creation to their friends. And the mixture of happiness and pride in you in the eyes of a child is perhaps the only thing for which you can step on the throat of a long-awaited day off in the company of a sofa, TV and beer.
