Car exhaust system: device diagram, possible malfunctions and diagnostic methods. What are the parts of the exhaust pipe called? The structure of the car exhaust system

A modern muffler in a car, despite the apparent simplicity of design, is a high-tech device whose task is not only to remove exhaust gases from the exhaust system, but also to reduce the noise level, which is carried out by cutting off the variable pulses of high and low pressure of the exhaust gases generated in as a result of engine operation.

From the article you will learn what types of car mufflers are, their device and design features. Let's talk about the design of mufflers VAZ 2101/2107/2109/2110, Oka, UAZ, and also consider how to make a device with your own hands.

Where is it located and how does it work?

The muffler is installed on the bottom of the car at the end of the exhaust system.

As a rule, a resonator is installed in front of it, closer to the engine, which reduces low-frequency vibrations and plays the role of an additional component in the exhaust system.

Despite the seemingly small size of the device, the sound wave travels through it for several kilometers. This is achieved by the presence of labyrinths inside the muffler, which attenuate sound waves.

The more distance the wave travels, the more energy it loses and the less the sound becomes.

To understand what a silencer consists of, you need to understand what types of devices are and how they differ from each other.

Types of car mufflers

Modern silencers are divided into three types: dissipative, reactive and combined.

In turn, the above types are divided into two types: direct-flow and labyrinth.

Dissipative (absorbing).

The principle of operation is simple - sound-producing exhaust gases enter from a perforated pipe into a chamber where they are absorbed by heat-resistant sound-absorbing material, as a result of which the energy of sound vibrations is converted into thermal energy. Often, mineral wool, metal shavings, glass wool are used as such material.

The advantage of such a muffler is that, depending on the design, it allows you to increase engine power by 5 - 7%, because there is practically no resistance to exhaust gases.

The disadvantage is increased noise, therefore, such products are primarily tuning products and are rarely used on ordinary cars, as a rule, only on sports ones.

Structurally, absorbing silencers can be:

Reactive.

The principle of operation of such silencers is based on the effect of damping each other's reflected waves, which leads to a reduction in noise.

In this design, the filling material is not provided, instead, additional pipes, chambers and partitions are welded into the body, randomly reflecting from which sound waves are damped.

But such mufflers are rarely found on tuning and sports cars, since their design does not allow to achieve good results in terms of aerodynamics, the reason is the high turbulence of the exhaust gases.

Also, in terms of design, reactive analogues are complex, therefore, they are mainly manufactured in the factory.

Schemes and brief characteristics of jet silencers are presented below.

Combined.

In this form, design solutions from reactive and dissipative silencers are embodied. For example, you can take devices with perforated cones (see above).

They have good efficiency in terms of noise reduction, but in terms of gas flow, the indicators are low here.

What materials are made from

Silencers of all types can be made from:

1. Of stainless steel;
2. Aluminized (aluminum alloy with steel);
3. Ordinary black steel.

A product made of stainless steel can last from 6 to 10 years with the active operation of the car, as it is the least susceptible to corrosion.

They are sold on the market in a high price range, their big plus is that despite the high price, they are mass-produced and can be matched to most car brands.

Products made of aluminized steel are sold in the middle price range, they are also quite durable, but it is difficult to match them to a specific brand of car, since the choice on the market is not great (only a few companies produce).

In garage conditions, such a muffler is problematic to make. The main advantage is a long service life of up to 6 years, little susceptible to corrosion.

Black steel products are mass-produced, as the cheapest. They can be made in garage conditions for any brand of car, but they will serve for 3, maximum 5 years, then aggressive environment and rust will do their dirty work.

Silencer device (diagram)

Partially, the silencer device has already been considered, now let's delve deeper into the topic.

You probably already understood that mufflers have a lot of distinctive features, there are no devices with the same design, each manufacturer introduces its own innovations to improve the design of its offspring.

The main goal is to reduce the sound as much as possible without losing engine power.

In a typical production car, the muffler takes from 5 to 7% of the power. To achieve absolute silence, you need to either increase or install an additional device with a resonator, and this will take another 5 to 7% of the power. In total, it turns out 10 - 15%, which no one wants to lose.

Those. It turns out that it is not so easy to make the perfect muffler so that there is little noise and no power is lost.

To a greater extent, the design of the product is influenced by:

1. Engine capacity;
2. Tuning or conventional motor installed;
3. Brand of the car and its purpose (sports or regular);
4. Who is the manufacturer.

The classic muffler in most cars consists of:

1. Inlet and outlet pipes;
2. Internal pipes;
3. From two or more expansion chambers;
4. internal partitions;
5. Helmholtz resonator.

The sound entering the inside of the device through the inlet pipe is reflected from the walls and makes a path of more than 1 km, constantly weakening.

The resonator, on the other hand, serves to attenuate the most powerful component of the sound wave, which an ordinary labyrinth cannot cope with.

The chambers in the muffler are of different sizes because the length of the sound waves is also different.

The inlet pipe, as a rule, has holes and is considered to be dissipative, since sound entering it is partially dissipated in the first chamber.

Waves move chaotically in space, reflecting from the walls and constantly losing energy. This is due to the force of friction on the air molecules.

The greater part of the wave remains in the first chamber, the more the wave attenuation occurs.

The remaining waves passing into the second scattering chamber, while it is not easy for them to go from a narrow pipe into an open space, since according to the law of acoustics, the sound wave, as it were, collides with a wall of air.

Part of the wave is not able to get into the second chamber and is reflected back from the media interface and partially absorbs the oncoming flow.

The same waves that could get into the second chamber are randomly reflected from the walls, absorbing each other and losing energy when rubbing against the air.

But the main component of the sound wave passes further and enters the Helmholtz resonator.

The sound wave again has to go out of the narrow space into the free chamber, and, as it were, it presses on the air in the resonator, creating air vibrations.

In this way, a backward sound wave is created, having the same frequency as the original one. They collide and destroy each other.

Part of the waves remaining in the second chamber enters another pipe and is transferred to the third chamber.

There, again, the sound is lost due to friction against the air, and only after that the weakened wave enters the outlet pipe, and from there out.

Muffler device VAZ 2101/2107/2109/2110/2015

Despite the fact that the principle of operation for all mufflers of the VAZ classic and later models is the same, they still have design distinctive features.

For example, consider the silencer device on the VAZ 2101.

The product has three cameras, the general device is shown below:

1. Upper semi-hull;
2. Thermal insulation;
3. casing;
4. Partitions of the right and left chambers;
5. intake pipe;
6. Front baffle;
7. Perforated exhaust pipe;
8. Perforated pipe inner;
9. The casing of the inlet pipe is perforated;
10. Partition back;
11. Semi-hull lower;
12. exhaust pipe;
13. Front exhaust pipe;
14. Main muffler;
15. Suspension strap;
16. Suspension cushion;
17. Outlet pipe.

Silencer device of late models on the example of VAZ 2110.

1. Reception pipe;
2. Bracket;
3. Clamps;
4. Resonator;
5. Suspension cushions;
6. Main muffler;
7. Exhaust pipe;
8. Perforated rear resonator tube;
9. Rear baffle;
10. Front baffle;
11. Perforated front resonator tube;
12. Frame;
13. Front perforated pipe;
14. intake pipe;
15. Outlet pipe;
16. Frame;
17. Rear baffle;
18. Middle baffle;
19. Rear perforated pipe;
20. Partition front.

VAZ 2114/2115

There are no innovations in the VAZ 2114/2115 mufflers, the same 4 chambers and three partitions, three perforated pipes and one outlet pipe with an increased diameter.

Inside the device there are three chambers and two partitions, three perforated pipes. There were no special innovations in the design of the product, so the principle of operation remains unchanged.

Signs of a failed muffler

The first thing the driver will notice is:

1. Increased engine noise and unstable operation;
2. Reducing the power of the motor;
3. Soot from the exhaust pipe;
4. The appearance of sonorous sounds under the car;
5. Increased fuel consumption;
6. The appearance of foreign odors in the cabin;
7. Frequent headaches in the driver and passengers, they, with short exposure, can cause carbon monoxide. Prolonged exposure to the gas can lead to death.

Inspect the muffler for rusted holes, take it with your hand and sway it to the sides, if partitions or perforated pipes are burned out, they will rattle.

What to do if the muffler burned out.

Try to close up the rusty holes that have appeared immediately, there are a lot of ways, but it is advisable to immediately change the product to a new one.

In order to deal with the sound of a shot, it would be logical to understand what is the source of the sound when fired. There are several such sources:

1) The sound of the mechanism of the weapon, the impact of the striker on the primer, the clang of the shutter, etc. On a quiet night in an open area, the sound of the impact of the metal parts of the AK mechanism is clearly audible at a distance of up to 50m. That is why, when one absolutely silent shot is required, single-shot weapons are used.

2) The sound created by the air in the barrel before the shot, and displaced by the bullet and powder gases; sound created by expanding (from a pressure of about 200 kg / cm 2 to the usual atmospheric 1.9 kg / cm 2) and cooling (from hundreds of degrees to air temperature) powder gases at the time of exit from the barrel, and these gases mostly follow the bullet , but some of them still break through into the gap between the barrel and the bullet, and, therefore, ahead of the bullet. It is with this cause of sound that the silencer allows you to fight.

3) Acoustic shock wave that forms behind a bullet if it exceeds the speed of sound (~330m/s). It arises due to the fact that a bullet, passing through the air, creates waves in it, similar to those that arise on the water when a boat floats; the loudness of these waves is not great if they move faster than a bullet; however, if the bullet moves faster, it seems to accumulate the energy of the wave following it, and therefore it is perceived by the human ear as a blow, something like thunder during a thunderstorm. The only way to get rid of this cause of the sound is to reduce the speed of the bullet, which can be achieved by using special cartridges with a smaller charge of gunpowder or by shortening the barrel of the weapon.

4) The sound of a bullet hitting a target.

Now that we know the reasons for the sound of a shot, we can consider the principle of the silencer. The main task of the muffler is to reduce the pressure and temperature of the powder gases. In order to reduce the pressure, it is necessary that the gases have the opportunity to expand before contact with atmospheric air. This is the purpose of the silencer chambers. The powder gases that escaped from the barrel after it consistently lose energy in each such expansion-cooling chamber. It is clear that with an increase in the number of chambers, the pressure difference between the outgoing gas and the outside air becomes smaller and, accordingly, the sound is attenuated. However, these reasonings are correct only for gases following the bullet. And as it was said, part of the gases is ahead of it. Since the diameter of the bullet holes in the baffles is larger than its own diameter, this part still flows out of the silencer at supersonic speed, creating a ballistic shock wave. To cut off and slow down supersonic gases, instead of diaphragms with holes, for example, membranes made of an elastic material with slots are used, which let the bullet through and close again, or put blind gaskets - obturators.

The simplest homemade silencer is an ordinary plastic bottle taped to the barrel with electrical tape. At the moment of the shot, all the powder gases will be in the bottle, and the bullet, having broken through the bottom, will fly out. Despite the bulkiness and decrease in shooting accuracy, such a silencer makes the sound of a shot with a small-caliber cartridge no louder than a crack from a broken plastic ruler.

There are many different muffler designs that use different tricks to reduce the temperature and pressure of propellant gases. For example, the legendary "Bramit" in the version for the "three-ruler" was a cylinder with a diameter of 32 mm and a length of 140 mm, inside divided into two chambers, each of which ends with an obturator - a cylindrical gasket made of soft rubber 15 mm thick. The cutter is placed in the first chamber. Two holes about 1 mm in diameter were drilled in the walls of the chambers for bleed-off of powder gases. When fired, the bullet pierces both obturators in turn and exits the device. Powder gases, expanding in the first chamber, lose pressure and slowly bleed out through the side holes. Part of the powder gases, which broke through the first obturator together with the bullet, expands in the same way in the second chamber. As a result, the sound of the shot is extinguished. A similar silencer with a large number of chambers was also developed for the Nagan revolver of the 1895 model.

A fairly typical example of a modern silencer is the domestic PBS, that is, the Silent Shooting Device, which is screwed onto the muzzle of the barrel of AKM or AK-47 assault rifles. At some distance in front of the barrel is a thick rubber washer. Leading gases are retained by it and through special channels are sent to the expansion chamber, from where they flow smoothly into the air. When the bullet pierces the puck, most of the gases follow it; but, having successively passed through several expansion chambers, these gases escape into the atmosphere, having lost a significant part of the energy. PBS reduces the volume by 20 times. Therefore, a shot from an AKM is practically inaudible already at a distance of 200 m. The survivability of a PBS without changing the puck is up to 200 shots, which is quite acceptable for a special weapon. The disadvantage of this design is the aging of rubber, and after all, spare plugs also age - even without being used in a muffler. Currently, there are literally innumerable options for multi-camera devices. Here is the device of one of the foreign silencers for a Kalashnikov assault rifle -

But along with the increase in the number of cameras and the complication of their configuration, the improvement of designs goes in a variety of ways. The bulky body of the silencer often covers conventional sights, so it is placed eccentrically - the axis of the device is much lower than the axis of the barrel. But, of course, the channel for the passage of a bullet must be strictly coaxial with the barrel, because even with its light touch on the internal partitions, the accuracy of fire is sharply reduced. And the weakening of the attachment point of the device body on the weapon can generally lead to firing through its front wall ...

The flat partitions of the expansion chambers are often replaced with convex ones - cone-shaped or of another shape, which deflect the flow of powder gases to the peripheral part of the muffler, which prevents it from overtaking the bullet. The same effect is generated by a helical baffle that runs along the entire length of the device.

Sometimes the expansion chambers are partially filled with heat-absorbing material - a fine aluminum mesh or just shavings, copper wire. By heating them, the gases are cooled more actively. But these fillers are difficult to clean from powder deposits, and they have to be changed periodically. The damping efficiency is also affected by the material of the baffles themselves: for example, replacing steel with aluminum, more thermally conductive, results in a noticeable decrease in volume. However, with frequent firing with such a silencer, as the pressure in the chambers increases and the heat sink heats up, the device's performance decreases sharply; if a dozen or two shots are fired from it in a row, the "silent" weapon turns into the most common one. Therefore, it is recommended to fire with single shots and with long pauses to allow the entire structure to cool.

Sometimes, to improve the performance of the muffler, it is pre-moistened with water. Just a tablespoon is enough. At the same time, the muffler is cooled due to the evaporation of water (the principle of operation of freon in a refrigerator). Also, adding water to the muffler slightly changes the sound of the shot, from a metallic "melon" to a more deaf "tan". Water is usually enough for 10-20 shots.

Silencer efficiency is also increased by complex and rigorous internal gas dynamics calculations. For example, due to the use of shaped partitions of a certain profile, countercurrents and turbulent gas eddies are created in the chambers. As a result, its molecules, repeatedly colliding in different directions, extinguish each other's energy.

Original designs have been developed that provide for the reflection of the gas flow from the inner surface of the front wall of the muffler. After that, the energy of the gases drops due to repeated reflection and counter damping of shock waves inside the housing. Such devices can also be multi-chamber.

A completely exotic device has also been invented, outwardly looking ridiculously primitive: just a muzzle cone-diffuser enclosed in a tube with open ends. But a very significant reduction in sound is provided here by a virtuoso calculation of the interference of shock waves inside the cone, and most importantly, by a surprisingly ingenious way of cooling the powder gases. Breaking out of the cone, they intensively eject external air, as if instantly sucking it out of the internal volume of the tube, which causes its pressure and temperature to drop sharply. And the gases, mixing with this rarefied cold air, immediately lose energy. So, probably, a shot would have sounded somewhere at a twenty-kilometer height ...

The simplest muzzle silencer 1 - rubber membrane with a slot 2 - expansion chamber 3 - connecting nut	Silencer with reflector reflector 1 - parabolic reflector 2 - body 3 - nut 4 - trunk
Multi-chamber silencer 1 - camera 2 - partition	Double chamber eccentric muffler 1 - camera 2 - partition
Silencer with preliminary removal of powder gases from the bore 1 - hole in the barrel with a reverse channel 2 - front multi-chamber part of the muffler 3 - expansion rear chamber	Silencer with obturation 1 - spacer sleeve 2 - rubber (ebonite) obturator 3 - expansion chamber
Multi-chamber muffler with heat-absorbing filler 1 - nut 2 - wire mesh

Often, when fired, they try to hide its sound. And the main reason for this is the desire to hide the shot itself or its location. For this task, silencers for weapons were created, or as they are also called sound moderators. Basically, they are used by snipers in the army and special forces, although sometimes hunters do not disdain them.

The prices for these accessories fluctuate in a fairly wide range, which is why many people try to assemble a muffler at home, sometimes even from improvised means. The main thing is not to forget that the use of sound moderators in Ukraine is quite legal, but only on non-self-made ones. And only on the weapons that are provided for this.

How does a weapon silencer work?

In order to understand the principle of operation and the device of the silencer, it is necessary to understand what is the cause of the sound. There are three main sources:

moving parts of the weapon - when fired, they hit each other with great force and speed, thereby creating a sound

shock wave from a bullet (if the bullet has a speed higher than the speed of sound)

sound from propellant gases - when exiting the barrel, they have supersonic speed and make a loud sound when expanding

And if practically nothing can be done with the first two points, then the silencer is called upon to cope with the third.

How a sound moderator works

The principle of operation of the PBS is to reduce the speed of powder gases, cool them and thereby reduce the pressure in the muzzle of a pistol or rifle. Chambers inside the cylinder allow this to be achieved. In them, gases swirl and exit at a lower speed. Also, the muffler can use heat-absorbing materials that help cool the propellant gases, thereby absorbing energy and reducing their speed.

Some models have only gas expansion chambers, others have heat absorbing materials. But the best are those models in the design of which both methods of reducing the energy of powder gases are used.

Pistol silencer device

All silent shooting devices are divided into two types:

integrated - are part of the weapon barrel

tactical - screwed onto the muzzle using a special thread or secured with clips

It is tactical silencers that are the most common. They also come in several types and differ in their internal structure. The most common are:

The simplest - consists of a cylindrical expansion chamber, with a connecting nut and a slot closed in front by a rubber membrane. Since the chamber is larger than the bore, the gases in it expand, losing speed and leaving it after the bullet with less energy. The membrane wears out over time (it's rated for about 100 shots) and needs to be replaced periodically or a solid rubber stopper should be used.

With obturation - it also consists of an expansion chamber and two rubber or ebonite plugs-obturators between which there is a spacer sleeve.

Two-chamber eccentric - has a chamber with a baffle and acts almost like the simplest.

With heat absorption - the principle is based on the absorption of heat, and as a result of energy with the help of copper or brass wire or aluminum shavings. The disadvantage of such models is the need to change absorbers frequently.

Multi-chamber - they operate on the principle of the simplest, but since they have several chambers with partitions instead of membranes, there is no need to replace them, which means that the service life is longer.

With flow splitting - consists of an internal sleeve with perforation and a helical flow splitting spiral.

How to make a homemade silencer for a pistol?

Homemade silencers for weapons are not the best option. Indeed, in order for such a product to fully fulfill its functions, and besides, it was safe to use, it is necessary to carry out a lot of calculations, choose the right materials and assemble this entire structure. And this is not so simple, especially in "handicraft" conditions. And even if you do everything right, there is no guarantee that you will get exactly the result you were striving for. Therefore, we strongly advise you not to do this business on your own. It is better to contact specialized stores where you can choose and buy not only a sound moderator for your carbine or pneumatics, but also other weapon tuning.

Some craftsmen, of course, try to make mufflers out of PET bottles or MAN oil filters. The first option generally looks comical, and the second one may drown out something, but it will not work for a long time and can be dangerous to use. Of course, there is another option to dig up a couple of drawings on the Internet and turn to some kind of turner. But even this does not guarantee that you will get exactly what you wanted. Therefore, it is better not to take risks, but to turn this question to professionals.

main conclusion

So, having understood the principle of operation of the PBBS and having familiarized ourselves with the drawings of silencers, one main conclusion can be drawn - the manufacture of a silencer for firearms is a rather complicated issue, both in terms of calculations and in terms of production. Therefore, we strongly advise you not to do this on your own. It is better to contact specialized stores and purchase this device there. Moreover, in the same place you can buy not only a silencer, but also a recoil pad, supports, handles and much more, which will greatly facilitate your hunting.

The exhaust system of a car, as the name implies, is designed to emit hot exhaust gases. Most often, this system is simply called automobile mufflers. This complex design requires the most careful attention. The exhaust system is multifunctional, in addition to exhaust gas, it is also designed to reduce noise levels and neutralize gases that are produced during engine operation and fuel combustion.

In addition, this system has a direct impact on dynamic performance, allowing you to increase or decrease the throttle response of the motor. As well as the quality, beloved by many motorists, of the pleasant timbre of the sound of the car and the exhaust system attached to the car.

Exhaust manifold AMS EVO T3/T4 Tubular Header for Mitsubishi Evolution

Now let's touch in detail the device of the exhaust system of any modern car.

Car muffler device

The exhaust system of a car consists of the following components:

Collector system

This is the most critical part of the design. The collector system is directly connected to the propulsion system and is designed to lead exhaust gases to the muffler. This node is experiencing numerous loads, which is why the material from which the collector itself is made is very important. The temperatures of the exhaust gases that enter the muffler through the collector system can exceed 1000 degrees Celsius, which is only up to hardened steel. The mount must also be very strong, so the collector has the strongest mount that can withstand any dynamic loads.

Catalyst

This is a device that converts toxic exhaust gases. The catalyst makes a change in the chemical structure: gases are processed into less toxic impurities of carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The main environmental indicators of the engine operation completely depend on its proper operation.

Resonator

The resonator is necessary to reduce noise and is the middle part of the exhaust system. The principle of operation of this device is that the body is created by a certain number of parts that reflect air currents, that is, they are special acoustic mirrors.

Corrugation

Corrugation - the most important element for the exhaust system. During engine operation, vibration interference constantly occurs, affecting the exhaust system. It is for the repayment of these vibrations that a corrugation is included in the element base of the exhaust outlet of any car.

Replacing a burned-out corrugation

Typically, the corrugation is made of stainless steel and after leaving the working condition, only a complete replacement of this device is possible. The corrugation is a very elastic device that has a high reliability of elements and durability, but does not suffer mechanical damage and failure of the catalyst. Most often, the corrugation is located near the catalyst.

Silencers and their varieties

Automobile mufflers can greatly reduce the temperature, sound and toxic characteristics of exhaust gases from engines. To implement these processes, an integrated approach is needed, and for this, complex systems have been developed that deal with the neutralization of toxic substances, as well as noise absorption kits.

An ordinary car muffler consists of a dozen different parts that make up the exhaust system.

Silencer types:

• stainless steel;
• from aluminized steel;
• straight-through or sports mufflers.

Silencers made of stainless steel are the most common, as they are the cheapest due to the simplicity of the material. They are great for modern cars and easily perform all the required functions, which is why they are designed for all brands of cars.

Silencers made of aluminized steel are much less common due to the higher cost of materials, but they also last longer: from 6 to 10 years. Such mufflers are made to order and of course, very few can afford such a pleasure, of course, for the most beloved car.

Production of a direct-flow stainless steel track

Sports mufflers are used mainly for racing cars, as the name implies, because they allow you to increase speed performance.

Forward flow

Racing mufflers that are excellent are called forward flow. They are installed on the machine to reduce the resistance of the exit of exhaust gases from the engine, thereby slightly increasing the efficiency of the motor. Thanks to the forward flow, you can slightly increase engine power, this improvement will make it easier to purge the cylinders several times, which will lead to easier engine spin-up.

The principle of operation of this system is as follows: to reduce as much as possible the resistance at the outlet of the exhaust gases from the engine. The bottom line is to create a gas evacuation route with the least number of turns, bends and other resistances. This is achieved by installing an equal-length exhaust manifold (spider), then there is a connection according to the 4-2-1 or 4-1 principle (if we have a 4-cylinder engine), a resonator, a corrugation and at the end a direct-flow muffler. Thus, by increasing the diameter of the exhaust route and reducing the resistance, we will get an increase in motor power due to the fact that it will be easier for the motor to “breathe”.

The main difference from standard mufflers is: the diameter of the exhaust pipe and the number of resistances in the path of the exhaust gases.

Competently configuring and installing the forward flow is not only to install a sports muffler, but also to successfully purchase this stainless steel device containing a carbon finish and a plug to control noise levels. In addition to the rear can, to improve the exhaust system, you will need a straight-through resonator to replace the stock one. It is important to take care of the corrugation, which is important to get, given the required sectional radius and length.

Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution VIII full custom exhaust

To fix the straight-through muffler and secure it under the bottom of the car, so that the device does not knock on the structural parts of the chassis or the body, you should also think about special reinforced rubber bands. In order to install a racing muffler, welding and special installation are required. Therefore, in order to save time, it is easiest to install at branded service stations where there is a lift and the necessary equipment. And the experience of the staff will allow you to install quickly and carefully, without touching the coatings and other elements of the car.

muffler

For those wishing to create a car muffler with their own hands, we offer the following information. Tuning is an important and necessary responsible business, so it is recommended to start with the selection of the necessary materials. The straight-through muffler consists of a body, a special filler, a mesh and a perforated pipe.

We select the material

First, you will need to buy an ordinary muffler, a standard pipe or cylinder, the edge of which needs to be “muffled”. Glass wool or mineral wool or some other insulating material is required that can withstand temperature pressures up to 400 degrees Celsius.

In addition, it is necessary to find a tin sheet and a pipe that matches the radius of the exhaust system of the car being tuned. Keep in mind that the volume of the motor will depend on the radius of the pipe, the larger the radius, the quieter the sound when the motor is running. But do not get carried away too much, the diameter should not exceed 12 centimeters.

Getting Started

After purchasing all the necessary consumables, you can get to work. The first step is to remove the existing car muffler. We make a lot of through holes on the purchased pipe, the radius of such holes should not exceed 4 centimeters.

In the pipe we make a hole for the jar. Now we take a jar and on one side we build a stub. Through the hole we put a pipe into it, weld the workpiece and attach it to the bottom of the car. After that, it is very important to degrease the material and paint it to increase its service life. At the final stage, you need to fill the straight-through muffler with thermal insulation material.

04.12.2012 at 06:12

The first muffler was used in 1894 due to the need to eliminate the big noise from self-propelled units, which frightened the most common transport at that time - horses. Panhard-Levassor became the first car with a silencer, this event formed the basis for a greater popularization of cars.

Silencer design:

The muffler is part of the exhaust system and consists of the following:

The muffler corrugation is a perforated pipe used to compensate for thermal and mechanical fluctuations in the exhaust system.

Flame arrester - reduces energy and exhaust gas temperature. Instead of a flame arrester, it is possible to install a catalytic converter (catalyst), which serves to reduce the dangerous effect of exhaust products. In the case of installing a catalyst, a lambda probe is installed before and after it, which measures the temperature of the exhaust gases and contributes to the correct operation of the catalyst.

The resonator (pre-muffler) is necessary to reflect the exhaust waves and is the first step in reducing the pulsations and noise of gases.

The main muffler is the main working part. This is a metal chamber, hermetically sealed, the volume of which determines the effectiveness of the muffler. It consists of numerous partitions with openings that form chambers arranged in a checkerboard pattern. When overcoming the staggered field, gas pulsations are absorbed and sound waves are scattered, forming thermal energy.

Exhaust pipe - releases exhaust gases into the atmosphere. On more powerful vehicles, several exhaust pipes are installed, forming a parallel connection.

The tip of the exhaust pipe - does not carry a functional purpose, is a purely design element.

The design of the muffler is attached to the bottom of the car by means of pins through rubber dampers.

For V-shaped engines, as a rule, two paths are used - O merged or independent:

Combining muffler path

Independent muffler path

For low power engines, the manifold is made of heat-resistant steel, for more powerful engines, cast iron. The body of mufflers, pipes and flame arresters is made of several types of material. The difference lies in the service life:

10–15 years - stainless steel (high cost, custom-made or purchase of standard, universal models);

3-6 years - aluminized steel (the most common material);

from 6 months to 2 years - ordinary steel.

Vitaly Fedorovich Motorist