The characteristics of the car are formed by the technical regulations, which are followed by the stewards of the International Motor Sport Federation.
A Formula 1 car is a carbon-fiber monoblock with 4 wheels located outside the body, of which the rear 2 are driven, and the front wheels are driven. The pilot is placed in a narrow cockpit (cockpit) in front of the car and controls it using the steering wheel and brake and gas pedals.
Although Formula 1 cars often exceed 300 km/h, according to absolute speed Formula 1 cannot be considered the fastest auto racing series in any way, since almost all engine parameters in it are significantly reduced (volume is limited, turbocharging is prohibited, etc.). Nevertheless, in terms of average speed on a circle from among the highway-ring racing (except for the so-called “ovals”), Formula 1 has no equal. This is possible due to the highly efficient braking system and aerodynamics. Brake Boosters and anti-lock brakes are prohibited.
Motor power 750-770 hp Air pre-cooling systems are prohibited. In addition, it is forbidden to supply anything other than air and fuel to the engine.
Starting with the 2009 season, Formula 1 cars are introducing Kinetic Energy Recovery (KERS) - a special device that allows you to accumulate the kinetic energy of the car in the places of braking, transferring it during acceleration. In this case, the specific principle of recovery is not prescribed in any way.
Tires are of great importance in Formula 1.
Unlike road cars, Formula 1 tires are not designed for durability (1 set is designed for no more than 200 kilometers), the main features are strength, light weight and grip. The key components of tires are rubber, nylon and polyester. In order to change the stiffness of rubber, the ratios of the parts added to it are regulated: carbon, sulfur and oil.
The size of the front and rear tires in the process of evolution racing formulas constantly changed, now the front and rear tires are different, the size of the front tires is limited in width from 305 to 355 mm, the rear from 365 to 380 mm. At the same time, the total diameter cannot exceed 660 mm for tires for dry weather and 670 mm for wet weather. Measurements are made at a tire pressure of 1.4 bar. In accordance with paragraph 12.7.1 of the Formula 1 Technical Regulations, tires can only be filled with air or nitrogen.
Acceleration from standstill to 100 km/h: 1.7 sec.
Acceleration from zero to 200 km/h: 3.8 sec.
Acceleration from standstill to 300 km/h: 8.6 sec.
Maximum speed: about 340 km/h.
Braking from 100 km / h: 1.4 seconds and 17 meters of distance.
Braking from 200 km / h: 2.9 seconds and 55 meters of distance.
Braking from 300 km/h: 4 sec.
Pilot overload during braking: about 5G.
Downforce equal to the weight of the car is achieved at a speed of about 180 km / h.
Maximum downforce (maximum setting) at 300 km/h: approximately 3,000 kilograms.
Fuel consumption in competition mode: about 75 l/100 km.
The cost of each kilometer traveled: about $ 500.
Basic feature a Formula 1 car is certainly considered to have downforce. It is she who allows you to take corners at speeds unattainable by any other sports car. There is one remarkable point here: almost all turns the pilots just need to go at a very high speed so that the downforce can keep the car on the track, but if you throw it off, you can fly off the track because the downforce will become small.
racing car- it is fast and one of the most high-tech cars on the planet. These cars are most widely used in Formula 1 competitions. Any modern car consists of at least 80 thousand various parts. To participate in races, they are brought in separate boxes, after which professional craftsmen assemble them.
general description
The body of the car is a carbon fiber monocoque. critical role it is played by aerodynamic elements, the main task of which is to create downforce comparable to the mass of the car. The car is a very expensive car, because the monocoque alone costs about 115 thousand dollars. And this is far from its most costly detail. Of great importance for such cars are the tires used, which, in addition to rubber, also include nylon and polyester.
Specifications
Machines can be equipped different engines. Any motor consists of about five thousand parts. At the same time, its resource is limited to 3 thousand kilometers. Formula 1 cars typically use 2.4-liter naturally aspirated power units, whose power reaches 755 Horse power. The maximum is about 340 km / h. However, this is not the limit. The fact is that the rules of the competition provide for the use of limiters. Otherwise, teams with small budgets will not be able to compete with more eminent and rich rivals at the proper level. As for the transmission, it uses a seven-speed robotic box gears.
Control
A car is a car whose wheels are outside the body. At the same time, the rear ones have a larger radius and are driven. The car is controlled by a professional pilot using a high-tech steering wheel, on which there are many buttons for various purposes. The speed of movement is controlled by the gas and brake pedals. Despite the current restrictions, which were discussed earlier, this car has no equal in road racing. This is achieved thanks to the ideal aerodynamic parameters and a first-class braking system.
Electronics
The racing car is equipped with the most advanced and modern electronics system. It is forbidden to use any modules that in any way can help the rider to control. During the competition, data on the state of the car is transmitted to the tracking points. Together with that, Feedback strictly prohibited, which increases the role of the pilot in the race.
Safety
Since the car is a high-speed car, one of the main tasks of the designers in its development is to ensure the safety of the pilot. No vehicle is allowed to be driven until it has passed crash tests. After several tragic incidents at the competitions of the high level Was installed whole line requirements regarding safety in side collisions and in the event of a rollover of the machine. The car is designed so that in the event of a fire or an accident, the rider is able to leave it in five seconds. To do this, it is enough for him to unfasten the seat belts and pull out the steering wheel. The pilots involved in the "Formula 1" even regularly pass the corresponding test. If it fails, they are simply not allowed to compete.
Question history. 2nd part
The 1970s era of Formula One set the stage for technological breakthroughs in virtually every area of sports car manufacturing. Powerful computers the end of the twentieth century changed the idea of the possibilities of controlling machines, the scientific revolution became inevitable. In royal motorsport, these years have become golden. Even today's Formula 1 cars are not much superior to the cars created a quarter of a century ago.
Golden Age: period 1980–1995
It is no coincidence that the 1980s and early 1990s are called the golden age of Formula 1. Motorsport legends competed on the track: Niki Lauda, Nelson Piquet, Alain Prost, Ayrton Senna, Michael Schumacher. Each of these five has become the world champion at least three times! In the automotive industry, they began to use hitherto inaccessible heavy-duty composite materials, and the technologies were not inferior to space ones. As a result, TV broadcast ratings crept up, Formula 1 attracted the attention of an increasing number of fans and sponsors. This allowed the teams to improve the machines, almost without thinking about the budget. The dominant stable was the British McLaren, whose drivers took seven titles between 1984 and 1991, and the most successful model decades - McLaren MP4 / 2. However, the commercialization of Formula 1 also had flip side. The International Motorsport Federation has practically lost control over the competition. The conditions were increasingly dictated by the owners of the teams, the agreement between which and the IAF was not, despite the Agreement of Consent officially signed in 1981.
Engine
In the 1980s, turbo engines, brought to mind, declared themselves in full voice, leaving no chance for their atmospheric counterparts. Their hegemony continued from 1983 until the prohibition of supercharging in 1989. Even an increase in the volume of naturally aspirated engines to 3.5 liters in 1987 did not lead to the emergence of at least some kind of competition. There was nothing surprising in this, because the qualifying versions of the turbochargers gave out 1600 hp. With.! same power conventional engine Honda RA168E, which was on the McLaren MP4-4 model, was 900 hp. With. As a result, in order to improve safety, as well as lobbying the interests of teams that did not have a turbocharger, they decided to abandon it. However, this did not help the Italian stables. Almost until the end of the century, until 2000, only British teams won the championship title, with the exception of the Italian Benetton, which, however, was also English team, bought by an Italian brand.
Body and chassis
In the early 1980s, the designers of the McLaren team took another revolutionary step in the development of Formula 1 technology. Monocoque model MP4-1 they made entirely of composite materials - carbon-Kevlar fiber. And in 1988, the MP4-4 introduced carbon fiber honeycomb structure technology, which not only significantly increased the torsional rigidity of the chassis, but also made the cockpit virtually indestructible in any crash.
Aerodynamics
After the turbulent 1970s, in which one aerodynamic revolution succeeded another, the 1980s and early 1990s became a time of calm. In many ways, this was facilitated by the ban on perforated bottoms and the ground effect, which was introduced in 1983. In search of downforce, the designers were forced to turn their attention back to the wings. However, the restrictions of the regulations did not allow fantasy to roam in this area either. Car bodies have just begun to acquire a mass of small spoilers. The major aerodynamic revolution of the decade came in 1990 from the modest Tyrrell 019. Its raised nose cone redistributed the incoming airflow so that even under a flat bottom a semblance of a ground effect was created. In the mid-1990s, this upturned nose became a characteristic feature of the championship Benetton.
Suspension
In 1992 and 1993, the British Williams team literally knocked out all rivals with their FW14 and FW15 models, which in qualifying “brought” the nearest pursuers two seconds per lap. The main highlight of these cars was the active suspension, which ensured the optimal distance between the canvas of the race track and the bottom of the car both on straight lines and in turns. However, unlike the "primitive" hydraulic active suspension of the 1980s, the one fitted to the Williams was electronically controlled. The required angle for each axis at each moment of time was calculated by the computer. Moreover, the data was processed not only by the microchip located on the car itself, but also by the computers in the team boxes, with which the chip was connected remotely and which received all the telemetry data. In order to avoid another round of speed growth, in 1994, electronic active suspension was banned.
brakes
The McLaren MP4/2 was one of the first cars to use carbon brake discs. Lightweight, strong, extremely wear-resistant carbon fiber parts did not lose their effectiveness under intense repeated braking. Their working temperature was much higher than the former, made of cast iron or mild steel with chrome-plated discs. The stopping distance of the car was noticeably reduced, because powerful and reliable brakes made it possible to press the pedal at the very last moment with the confidence that a speed of 300 km / h or more would be extinguished in a matter of moments.
Electronics
In the early 1990s, teams began to make extensive use of electronics in the design of cars. It was applied to power steering, traction control system, floor automatic box gears, active suspension systems, etc.
For example, the traction control system monitored the wheel speed using sensors and, in the event of a slip, slightly reduced the torque. An electronic start optimization system was used to ensure that the car evenly, without slipping, started moving at the maximum speed possible under current conditions. Of course, we used teams and ABS. As a result of the heyday of electronics, more and more functions for controlling the car were taken over by the computer, thereby reducing the importance of the pilot. Because of this, in 1994 the IAF had to ban most electronic systems help for riders.
Pilot
Brazilian "wizard" Ayrton Senna da Silva is a three-time Formula 1 world champion. He won his first title driving a McLaren MP4-4. In a survey conducted by the British weekly Autosport among former and current Formula 1 drivers, Senna was named the best driver in the history of the queen of motorsport. Died in 1994 in an accident at the San Marino Grand Prix at Imola. In response to the ban on electronics in racing in 1994, Ayrton Senna prophetically observed that "if you remove all these systems, but do not reduce the speed of the cars, then 1994 will be a season with many accidents."
Battle of the Wallets: Period 1995–2010
By the end of the 1990s, the popularity of Formula 1 was so great that it attracted the attention of the world's largest automakers, who joined the championship with their teams. The result was a huge financial imbalance between top-tier stables and mid-range stables. Dominated, of course, by those whose budgets amounted to hundreds of millions of dollars. The numerous bans of the IAF, aimed at combating speed, as well as the constantly changing regulations, did not add entertainment to the races. All this led to the fact that the same pilots predictably won the championship, and the cars in technical terms did not progress too rapidly. The Ferrari team met the 21st century as the absolute hegemon of Formula 1. "Red Baron" Michael Schumacher at the wheel of "stallions" from Maranello excelled in the world championships five times in a row! And most successful machine V long history The F2002 model became the Ferrari formula team, which brought the German racer 10 victories in the same 2002. However, F2002 did not have any revolutionary innovations.
Body and chassis
F2002 engineers paid special attention to the weight distribution and balance of the car. The lightweight gearbox allowed the designers to lower the center of gravity, which had a beneficial effect on the car's cornering behavior. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the requirements for the strength and safety of the body structure seriously increased. The monocoque was crash tested with frontal and side impacts, a static load test checked the roll bars, cockpit, fuel tank, nose cone, etc.
Wheels and tires
A significant role in the success of the Scuderia belonged to the tire workers from Bridgestone. In 2002, Ferrari was the only top team to wear tires. Japanese company. As a result, Bridgestone prepared a special tire to fit the F2002 perfectly.
Aerodynamics
The designers of the machine paid special attention to the cone-shaped rear of the bottom, which made it possible to improve the indicator aerodynamic drag, increasing the downforce by rear axle. To improve flow dynamics and reduce air resistance F2002 radiators tilted inward.
Engine
F2002 engine power exceeded 850 hp. With. The period since the late 1990s is considered to be the apogee of industrial espionage in Formula 1. Suffice it to recall the scandal of 2007 with accusations of the McLaren team in espionage against Ferrari. With protests in the MAF, Scuderia has addressed before, and one of them just concerned McLaren engines. So, the keen eyes of Italian engineers noticed that the engines of the "silver arrows" at the same speed remove more power. It turned out that Mercedes engine, which was then on McLaren, contained a lightweight and at the same time very strong aluminum-beryllium alloy for pistons and as cylinder wall material. The alloy is exotic, difficult to process, and is carcinogenic at the production stage. As a result, since 2001, a complete ban on exotic materials, including beryllium alloys, has been introduced.
Electronics
F2002 was equipped new system traction control. In 2008, after a long and unsuccessful struggle by the IAF with prohibited electronics on board cars, the presence of which was almost impossible to prove, a mandatory unified the electronic unit ECU. All engine and transmission components, including the clutch, differential and associated actuators, must be controlled by him alone.
brakes
In the late 1990s, the MAF began to think about banning in Formula 1 ... carbon brakes! It would seem, what negative features can be found in "miracle brakes"? However weak sides found. First, carbon fiber is much more expensive than cast iron. Secondly, the several times increased efficiency turned into huge loads on the pilots - negative acceleration in corners reached 6g, and the force on the brake pedal was 150 kg. “Try to press the pedal with a force of 150 kg with each braking, and so for one and a half to two hours, and you will understand what the Formula 1 Grand Prix is!” - once exclaimed the 1997 world champion Canadian Jacques Villeneuve. And thirdly, it is in the reduced stopping distance saw the reason for the small number of overtaking leaders of the IAF, who always stood up for increasing the entertainment of the races.
However, the idea had to be abandoned. Tests have shown that cast iron discs in combination with latest design staples are only slightly inferior to carbon fiber, but less wear-resistant. Therefore, only the expensive aluminum-beryllium alloy, from which the staples were made, was banned. In addition, the MAF has limited the thickness of the discs and the number of pads.
Pilot
"Red Baron" Michael Schumacher is a seven-time world champion, the most titled racing driver in the history of Formula 1. The holder of numerous records - for the number of victories (including in one season), podiums, fast laps, and championship titles in a row. The German won one of his seven titles at the wheel of the F2002.
Renaissance: 2010 to present
The beginning and middle of the 2000s did not please Formula 1 fans with intriguing championships. Globalization, the general standardization of cars and sugary political correctness have deprived royal motorsport of one of the most attractive features of racing - their unpredictability. In order to increase the spectacle of Formula 1, the IAF was forced to make some indulgences in the regulations. First fundamentally important decision was the lifting of the ban in 2009 on changing the angle of attack of the nose spoiler during the race. This timid step, however, did not bring the desired increase in the number of overtaking, so two years later the pilots were allowed to change the angle of the rear wing instead of the front. Another innovation was the introduction of the KERS system - kinetic energy recovery, which allows for a short-term increase in engine power. All this, coupled with other small technical indulgences, revived the championship and revived interest in it. In the 2014-2016 seasons, Mercedes racers excelled, which is very symbolic, because it was the “silver arrows”, as they were called for their characteristic color in the 1950s years Mercedes, were one of the strongest teams in the era of the birth of Formula 1. On Mercedes models AMG F1 W06 Hybrid Briton Lewis Hamilton won his third world title in 2015.
Aerodynamics
Major technological breakthrough recent years was a return to the ability of the pilot to adjust the rear wing during the race. Now the rider is able to raise the upper aileron of the wing, reducing downforce and allowing the car to develop great speed on straight lines. Plane rear spoiler returns to its original position when the pilot presses the brake pedal for the first time. In turns, the wing is in the closed position and works as efficiently as possible. In qualifying, riders can arbitrarily adjust the position of the controlled element, and in the race, only the attacking rider who has approached the opponent at a distance of less than a second will receive this advantage. A return to the 1968 invention made it possible to significantly increase the number of overtaking on the track.
Engine
In 2014 eight-cylinder atmospheric engines 2.4 liters were replaced by more environmentally friendly and economical turbocharged six-cylinder engines of 1.6 liters. Supercharging is back in Formula 1! In terms of power, these turbo engines were inferior to the previous ones, but the new ERS energy recovery system turned out to be twice as efficient as KERS - 160 hp. With. against 80 l. With. In addition, the use of a dual recovery system (kinetic and thermal) made it possible to reduce fuel consumption, which was consistent with the introduction of strict restrictions on fuel consumption - no more than 100 kg for the entire race.
Tires
Competition between tire manufacturers in Formula 1 has always contributed to the growth of speeds. Until 2003, tire suppliers not only provided teams with their own compound tires, but often tried to tailor tires for each team and each track. Sometimes this selective approach led to inevitable mistakes. For example, at the 2005 US Grand Prix, overpressure in the tire of Ralf Schumacher's car caused quite a serious accident. Therefore, since 2007, the MAF has left only one tire supplier in Formula 1, which is obliged to provide the same sets to all teams. Since 2011, as a result of a tender, the Italian Pirelli has been chosen as such a supplier.
Suspension
Front and rear suspension models Mercedes-AMG The F1 W06 Hybrid features a carbon fiber wishbone and pushrod that work with torsion bar springs and balancers. Hydraulic systems are installed in the front and rear of the machine, which allow you to maintain on right level ground clearance and change the stiffness of the stabilizers on the go roll stability depending on the sections of the route to be overcome. The current technical regulation allows, through the use of certain systems, to link the work elastic elements suspension on the left and right sides of the machine. A special computer analyzes the loads on the suspension of all four corners of the chassis in real time, gives the necessary commands to the hydraulic systems, and in fast turns the suspension becomes stiffer, and in slow ones, on the contrary, softer. The ground clearance also changes: on straight lines, the ground clearance decreases, on bumps and when high curbs are attacked, it increases, due to which optimal suspension performance is achieved and improves mechanical clutch with a track.
Body and chassis
The W06 monocoque is molded from carbon fiber and porous composite materials. The safety capsule is integrated with impact-resistant construction and panels to prevent through damage. It consists of the following elements: front security structure; anti-shock units prescribed by the regulations that absorb energy during side collisions; built-in rear safety structure; front and rear elements to prevent damage when the machine rolls over.
Fuel
Two years after the global financial crisis in 2008, the MAF, in order to further reduce costs, as well as to encourage automakers to develop more fuel-efficient engines, introduced a ban on refueling during the race. Fuel tank fireballs was increased from 90 to 180 liters. And since 2014, fuel efficiency has also improved, the amount of which is limited to 100 kg for each race.
Pilot
Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton is a British racing driver, three-time world champion in 2008, 2014 and 2015. In 2014, he was named BBC Sportsman of the Year. On this moment is the only driver in the history of Formula 1 who managed to win in all seasons in a row, starting from the debut. From 2007 to 2012 he played for the team McLaren Mercedes, since 2013 - driver of the Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team.
For referenceVTB is the title partner of the Russian Formula 1 round in Sochi - the Formula 1 VTB Russian Grand Prix.
The parameters of formula one cars, their dimensions and weights are controlled by the technical regulations, the purpose of this article is to describe the various designs, technologies, prices and details used in formula one cars.
How does the miracle engine "Formula 1"
Technological progress in racing has completely destroyed the romantic dreams of "garage" teams and the creation of revolutionary cars by brilliant enthusiasts without a bunch of master's degrees in the resume. Now even poor stables have a budget of $100 million and open engineering departments for several dozen people.
The engine departments of Ferrari, Renault and Mercedes have become huge technological monsters. German manufacturers have already moved the industry forward by recently announcing the imminent achievement of 1000 hp. and setting a new record for thermal efficiency of more than 50% (for conventional passenger cars - 25-30%).
The current power plant consists of several components:
- - internal combustion engine;
- - turbine (with compressor and supercharger, of course);
- - two energy recovery systems MGU-K and MGU-H;
- - control electronics unit;
- - battery.
Turbine - it was not without reason that they returned to Formula 1 after a twenty-year ban: in 2014, along with the new regulations for power plants, a limit on fuel consumption of 100 kg per race began to operate. It meant a reduction in the amount of fuel burned in the engine cylinder and, accordingly, a decrease in power and speed. To keep the cars from slowing down, the teams were again allowed to compensate for the reduction in fuel use by increasing the density of the mixture using turbocharging.
Block MGU-K or a kinetic energy recuperator was allowed to be used back in 2009 (then it was called KERS). It connects to the brake system of the car, is activated when the appropriate pedal is pressed and converts the energy of the wheels into electrical energy, charging the batteries with it. Then the pilot uses the charge to accelerate - but until 2014, the technology was not particularly effective. The regulation was just revised by 2014 specifically to enhance the role of hybrid systems in power plants.
At the same time, they introduced the use of another recuperative unit - MGU-H. He no longer works with kinetic energy, but with a flow exhaust gases, whose heat and transforms into electricity. This system can be called a key one for modern cars, because internal combustion engines have almost reached the ceiling of development. Proper use of the hybrid component gives 20-30 additional km / h in a straight line and saves fuel when accelerating in low gears.
At the same time, a large constant load falls on the heat energy recuperator - and the success of the power plant directly depends on the development efficient cooling. It is with a complex design that almost all the problems of the mechanics of the modern Formula 1 are connected. “Honda” first suffered for two seasons with overheating due to the incorrect location of the recuperator relative to the internal combustion engine, and now it cannot find the optimal scheme for distributing the energy received over the acceleration phases on straight lines. Renault, in turn, overdid it in trying to catch up with the Mercedes in speed and screwed up the reliability of the block: as a result, French-powered cars got off seven times in the last three Grands Prix.
General technical characteristics of the Formula One car:
(data for comparison, since they are different for all fireballs and are constantly changing, although not significantly).
Acceleration from standstill to 100 km / h 1.7 sec.
Acceleration from standstill to 200 km / h 3.8 sec.Acceleration from zero to 300 km/h in 8.6 sec.
Maximum speed about 340 km/h
Braking from 100 km / h 1.4 seconds and 17 meters of distance.
Braking from 200 km / h 2.9 seconds and 55 meters of distance.
Braking from 300 km/h 4 sec
Pilot overload during braking is about 5G.
Downforce equal to the weight of the car is achieved at a speed of about 180 km / h.
Maximum downforce (maximum setting) at 300+ km/h about 3000 kg.
The main feature of the Formula One car is undoubtedly the presence of a huge downforce. It is she who allows you to take turns at speeds unattainable by any other sports cars. There is one here interesting point: Pilots simply need to go through many turns at a very high speed, when the downforce allows you to keep the car on the track, but if you slow down, you can fly off the track because the downforce will be insufficient!
Downforce creates a set aerodynamic elements such as: rear wing, front wing, diffuser, etc. Front wing, is made of carbon fiber and generates downforce of up to 25% of an entire Formula One car.
Rear wing with own weight about 7 kg creates up to 1000 kg of downforce at high speed, this is about 35% of the total downforce of the F1 car.
At different times, formula one cars used different engine sizes, there was and was no boost, speed limits and a lot of other restrictions, they were united by only one thing, a huge power of up to 1500 l / s per high speed, up to 22500 rpm. Recently, the regulation supports, through various restrictions, maximum power about 850 hp and about 19500 rpm.
Parameters of one of the formula one engines:
Bore 98 mm
Stroke 39.77 mm
Volume 2400 cm3
Connecting rod length 102 mm
Diam. cylinder / piston stroke
2.46
Liter power 314.6 hp/l
Maximum torque 290 Nm at 17000 rpm
Wed piston speed 22.5 m/s
Piston acceleration about 9000G at 19000 rpm
Nozzle pressure approx. 100 bar
Max. power 755 hp 19250 rpm
Masses of some engine parts and parameters
Piston 220 g
. Rings included 9 g
. Piston pin assembly 66 g
. Connecting rod 285 g
. The engine itself weighs 95 kg
Wed effective pressure in the combustion chamber at Max. moment 15.18 bar
. Wed effective pressure in the combustion chamber at Max. power 14.63 bar
Maximum load on piston pin 3133 kg.
. The maximum load on the crankshaft bed is 6045 kg.
Exhaust system
Each formula one team needs some supply of different manifolds exhaust system to reconfigure the engine for different tracks.
Why is everyone dissatisfied with new technologies?
Ironically, modern hybrid engines from the very first season they got into a typhoon of criticism. Among the indignant were fans, and teams, and racers, and manufacturers - each one pressed on something of his own.
But in fact, it’s not really the engines that annoy everyone, but the dominance of Mercedes, based on the advantage in power plants. The Germans produced the best aggregates back in 2014 and deservedly won four seasons in a row - due to the complex design of engines (including MGU-H), competitors can’t close the gap from the leader.
Transmission
Formula 1 cars are not allowed to use automatic transmissions.
Uses semi-automatic sequential gearboxes
Has 7 forward and 1 reverse gear
The pilot changes gear in 1/100 of a second
The cost of one seven-speed semi-automatic box transfers over $130,000. Designed for a mileage of 6000 km. 10 boxes are enough for a season, including tests. The kit includes several sets of gears.
The gearbox of the Formula One car is directly connected to the carbon fiber clutch. Clutches are made by two companies, AP racing and Sachs, who build them in such a way that they can withstand temperatures close to 500 degrees. The clutches are electro-hydraulic elements and have a weight of 1.5 kg. Each speed change takes 20-40 milliseconds and is computer controlled. Car drivers do not use the clutch manually, thus wasting time and allowing the engine to perform idling(as it is in conventional machines, without an automatic transmission), but simply press the lever behind the wheel to move to the next speed, the process itself lies entirely on the computer. Gearboxes
designed so that mechanics can easily change settings. So a complete overhaul gear ratios gearbox takes about 40 minutes in the pits.
Tires and wheels
The discs weigh about 4 kilograms and are made of magnesium alloy, each costs about $10,000.
Front tire road size: 245/55R13;
Front diameter: 655 mm;
Front Width: 325mm;
Rear tire road size: 325/45R13;
Rear diameter: 655mm;
Rear Width: 375mm;
Working temperature about 130 degrees
The cost of one tire is about $800
For the season you need 720 pieces.
Formula 1 car brakes
Brake discs have been made from carbon fiber for many years, and one disc can take up to 5 months to produce.
Temperature conditions up to 1000 Celsius
Weight 1.4 kg.
With all the advantages of carbon fiber brakes, ceramic brake discs have been increasingly used in recent years, having best performance both braking, thermal stability and durability. Ferrari's modern ceramic brake discs lose 1mm of their thickness in one race. While earlier, when using other materials, wear was 4 mm or more!
Front suspension arms:
Made from titanium and carbon fiber.
Fuel tank:
Made from rubberized fabric reinforced with Kevlar
Has a volume of over 200 liters
Fuel consumption - 75 l / 100 km
Monocoque
The monocoque is the basis of the F1 car, on which all its parts and details are attached. In case of concussions, in case of accidents, it must provide the pilot with complete safety, but at the same time weigh approximately 35 kg. Like most parts of an F1 car, the monocoque is made from carbon fiber and like most parts costs a hefty $115,000
Pilot's seat:
Made to the rider's individual measurements in carbon fiber.
Steering wheel
The steering wheel of a formula one car combines dashboard(center display), controls, also allows you to change many of the settings of the car right in the direction of travel. Made of carbon fiber, for each pilot individually according to the anatomical structure.
History of victories
in Formula 1 racing
Formula 1 Season 2019: Upcoming Events
2019 Formula 1 Winners
1. Formula 1 2019 Australian Grand Prix
2. Formula 1 2019 Bahrain Grand Prix
3. Formula 1 2019 Chinese Grand Prix
4. Formula 1 2019 Azerbaijan Grand Prix
5. Formula 1 2019 Spanish Grand Prix
6. Formula 1 2019 Monaco Grand Prix
7. Formula 1 2019 Canadian Grand Prix
The Formula 1 World Championship is held every year and consists of separate stages (with Grand Prix status). At the end of the year, the winner of the championship is revealed. In Formula 1, both individual pilots and teams compete. Pilots compete for the World Championship title, while teams compete for the Constructors' Championship. The roots of Formula One lie in the European Grand Prix motor racing championship, which was held in the 1920s and 1930s. The organizations involved in the Grand Prix formulated the first rules for the World Cup before the Second World War and planned its implementation in 1941, but until 1946 these rules were not finally formalized. In 1946, the newly formed FIA introduced the rules of the so-called "Formula 1", which came into effect from 1947. Technical regulation was based on several ideas: German racers were excluded from racing for 10 years due to the defeat of Germany, but this did not apply to the Italians, since the capitulation in 1943 and the participation of the Italians in the fight against the Third Reich removed many of the accusations from the country. Before the war, in an attempt to somehow gain the upper hand in the fight against German cars, the Italian Automobile Club held the Tripoli Grand Prix under the rules of the "junior formula" or voiturette, limiting the engine displacement to 1.5 liters. And although this did not save the Italians from defeat, after the war it was these cars that were taken as a model in the preparation of the Formula 1 regulations. In addition, old french cars Grand Prix with naturally aspirated 4.5 liter engines, unable to compete with contemporary German cars. At the same time, back in the same year, the organizers of the three Grand Prix held races according to the Formula 1 regulations. In 1948, the Formula 2 class was added to Formula 1. An even younger Formula 3 class was introduced in 1950. According to the original scheme, it was assumed that the Formula 1 class was intended exclusively for holding the world championship, the Formula 2 class for holding the championship of the continent, the Formula 3 class for national championships, and so on. However, one should not completely identify the Formula 1 class and the FIA World Championship. Often, there were an order of magnitude more major races in the world (including in the highest racing class) than was included in the World Cup. Few racers chose to participate exclusively in the stages of the World Cup: they took part in a wide variety of races, including optionally in cars with open wheels. Formula 1 cars performed not only in the World Championship, but also in other off-champion races, which, as a rule, had an independent status. So, out of 22 races held in 1950 with the participation of Formula 1 cars, only 5 were counted towards the World Championship. In addition to the World Championship, Formula 1 cars were also used in the South African Formula 1 Championship (1960-1975) and the British Formula 1 Championship (1977-1980, 1982). The situation completely changed in the early 1980s, when the Consent Agreement was adopted after the "FISA-FOCA War". From that moment on, Formula 1 races are held only as part of the World Championship. In fact, the very concept of the Formula 1 class disappeared and the Formula 1 racing series appeared, the commercial rights to which are separated from the sports ones, which are under the jurisdiction of the FIA.
In 1950, the FIA decided to record the results of individual races in the Formula 1 class in the general protocol of the World Championship. The first such Grand Prix was held on English soil at the Silverstone circuit. Until 1958, the World Championship was exclusively personal, then points began to be awarded to car designers (the so-called Constructors' Cup).
At the same time, the World Championship itself was not always held according to the rules of Formula 1. So, the American Indy-500 race, which was included in the championship, was held according to its own rules, on machines called "indicars". When in 1951 FISA announced the new Formula 1 rules, effective from 1954, no one wanted to prepare a car for the 1952-1953 seasons according to the old rules, and, due to the lack of a sufficient number of participants, the World Championship was held according to the rules of Formula 2 .
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The Formula 1 racing car got its name from the special recipe of the fuel it uses. This car has a much more powerful engine than a regular car. The increase in power is achieved by increasing the volume of the engine, that is, the total volume of the combustion chambers in its cylinders.
Medium power motor for passenger car has a volume of not more than 61 cubic inches. A Formula One can have three times the engine size and produce 500 horsepower (hp), four times or even five times the power of a conventional passenger car.
In order to make full use of the enormous power of the engine, the hulls racing cars have a special aerodynamic shape designed to provide minimal air resistance. The tires of their wheels are made extra wide - for better grip with the road and therefore safer driving. A special suspension provides stability and prevents the car from skidding even when it makes sharp turns at high speed.
Racing car "Formula 1"
A racing driver only needs one look at dashboard in the cockpit to know what fuel supply is in the car, water temperature, oil pressure and other parameters.
heavy duty disc brakes carbon fiber (below) must withstand the enormous heat load when running at racing speeds.
Body for fast driving
The low, wide racing car bodies are molded from lightweight yet durable carbon fiber. The shape of their body is such that it helps the car to use the air flow that is formed at high speeds. The sloping front edge (below, left) and rear spoiler fairings force the air to push down on the car and keep it off the ground.
Racing car tires
Tires must match road conditions. Race car tires are wider than normal tires and can be almost slick for dry tracks. Or have a special protector in case of rain.
racing car engine
In order for the engine to be both powerful and economical, it is installed in racing cars (figure below) computer system fuel injection and electronic controls for engine speed, water and oil temperature and other important parameters.
Ten cylinders power this special engine designed for racing cars.
A Formula 1 racing car (pictured above) runs much faster than a car and generates much more heat. To remove excess heat, the car's radiator is cooled air flow(picture below) when racing car roars down the track at close to 180 miles per hour.
Special racing car suspension
The suspension of racing cars must ensure reliable grip of the wheels with the roadway when cornering at high speeds.
