Often, on passing cars, one has to see a spoiler installed on the trunk lid, or as it is also called a wing. Surely, you wondered what this spoiler is for, does it perform any function, or is it just decorative body element and installed according to the preferences of the vehicle owner? This is the question we will try to answer you in this article.
Two spoiler functions
Spoilers can be installed on the car both by the manufacturer and by the owner of the car. Oddly enough, but the car spoiler has 2 purposes - functional and decorative. In the first case, the spoiler literally presses back car to the ground when it moves on high speed. As a result of the action of such a force, the car holds the road better, has full grip wheels with pavement. In the second case, some cars really look much better with the wing installed. That is why the manufacturer himself offers cars with an already installed wing.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that there are 2 types of car spoilers: those that really work, have their effect on handling (but often such spoilers look very sloppy, cumbersome) and those that are created as a decoration (they are more beautiful, but have no functional utility).
Spoiler in action
Very often the spoiler is installed on sports cars, the purpose of which is movement at unthinkable speeds. At speeds above 100 km/h, the air flow, filling the space that cuts through the car, creates vortices behind the car, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the stability of the car. spoiler how aerodynamic element, keeps the car cutting through air whirlwinds, does not allow them to rock the car. However, in many situations, especially if the car is rear-wheel drive and if it is able to move very quickly, the installation of only a rear spoiler has a small effect in improving handling, on the contrary, with a leading rear axle and a spoiler installed, the front of the car rises, as a result of which the car will it is much worse to react to turning the steering wheel .. In addition, the fuel consumption of the car also increases significantly.
To avoid loss of control on rear wheel drive car, experts recommend putting 2 spoilers - one on the trunk lid, the second - on the front of the car. In the common people, the front spoiler is called a body kit, its function is similar to the functions of the rear spoiler.
Spoiler Disadvantages
Since the spoiler, in fact, exerts downforce, we can say that as a result of this, the ground clearance car, and in the current state of our roads, this is a very tangible drawback. Secondly, in modern cars, the rear window does not have too much good review, and so the spoiler makes this review even less convenient. Finally, the disadvantage is financial side: installing spoilers in specialized workshops is not very cheap, and not everyone can do this procedure on their own.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that there are spoilers that are designed to increase the stability of the car, and there are purely decorative ones. In any case, if you are pursuing at least one, at least another goal, it makes sense to install this element on your car. In any case, it certainly won't do any harm.
Each new generation of cars is improved in technical equipment. This can not but affect the appearance of the car. That is why modern cars are hung with various body kits and additional elements, which were practically not installed on cars of the second half of the last century.
Most motorists consider this trend just a fashion, and few people know the true reasons for installing body kits. And why does a car need a spoiler, especially if it is a slightly outdated model, is this part of the body so important during operation.
Video about installing a spoiler
Let's start with the main thing: the purpose of the spoiler and its main functions
Spoilers are used on cars for two main functions.
The first is the creation of a powerful downforce at high speed, which will not allow the car to lose reliable grip wheels with the road. And the second function is purely decorative.
Consider the first option for using spoilers. It's no secret that at high speed (more than 80-100 km / h) the oncoming air flow on the car goes around the body not only from above and on the sides, but also from below. Upon reaching a certain speed limit a situation may arise when the car, due to the air flow under the bottom, can rise above the roadway, which reduces the adhesion of the wheels to the road. In addition, after the air flow goes around the car, it again tends to fill the space that was just occupied by the car. This causes various vortex flows to appear behind the car. And, as a rule, the air density in such an area is less than the density in front of the car. This causes the vehicle to brake, that is, it increases the aerodynamic loads that have arisen in front. In this regard, spoilers are installed on the car body, which allow you to direct the air flow in such a way as to avoid the negative phenomena listed above.
For these purposes, it is necessary to use not one, but at least two spoilers. Since the installation given element behind the car will improve downforce on rear wheels, but at the same time slightly unload the front axle, the wheels of which, as you know, are steerable. At the same time, setting front body kit on the contrary, it will create downforce in front of the car, while rear wheels may lose good grip on the road surface. In case of rear wheel drive cars, this will reduce the power and . And in the case of front-wheel drive, loss of control over the car by the driver when maneuvering on the road. Therefore, professionals recommend installing two body kits - front and rear. By the way, the front spoiler can perform additional functions as additional cooling brake discs, blocks and drums, a radiator of the cooling system, and air conditioning. To do this, the spoiler has built-in deflectors in the form of channels through which oncoming air is directed in the right direction.
As for the second function - decorative, then all the advantages of using spoilers in this segment can be seen on various cars exhibitions and fashion magazines. In this case, one goal is pursued - to make the car unique, individual, and inimitable. For these purposes, there are entire tuning studios that produce both spoiler kits and manufacture them individually for individual orders. Particularly popular given function spoiler in the segment of executive, luxury, and sports classes.
However, there is also a negative part of such car tuning. First of all, the installation of spoilers, regardless for what purposes, leads to a significant reduction in ground clearance.
Spoiler classification
Absolutely all spoilers are divided (classified) into several types and types.
First, spoilers are divided by type of design:
- custom (have a unique shape and exist, as a rule, in single copy or limited series)
- factory (spoilers produced on an industrial scale, the appearance of which looks like a factory part).
Secondly, spoilers are divided according to the method of attachment:
- sticky - attached to the body with double-sided tape;
- on supports - mounted on the body with self-tapping screws or bolts.
Thirdly, spoilers are divided according to the place of installation on the car:
- rear spoilers (installed on the trunk lid);
- roof spoilers;
- skirts for front and rear bumper;
- diffusers (can be installed through the elements of the car body or under the bottom).
Well, in terms of application, there are universal and special types spoilers. The former can be used for a large number car models. While the second type of spoilers is designed to be installed only for a specific model.
Spoiler can give the car "aggressiveness"
What is the result
Summing up all of the above, we can say that the use of spoilers on cars has both significant advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, in order for the spoiler to bring more joy than sorrow, you should carefully consider the choice and installation given tuning accessories for your car.
And first of all, you need to answer the question yourself: why do you need a spoiler, what characteristics should it have?
Depending on the answer, you should choose the accessory that suits you, while not forgetting about the financial component. And God forbid you turn your car with the help of spoilers installed in a large number into a sort of sham likeness vehicle. This will not only complicate its operation, but also cause obvious ridicule among others.
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Today, many motorists are excited about car tuning. Among various body kits and other fashionable elements, spoilers have been actively installed since the beginning of the 21st century. Some motorists consider the spoiler just a fashionable element, others perceive the presence of such a body kit as an indispensable element. Let's try to figure out why the car has a spoiler.
Spoiler, what is needed in a car
What gives a spoiler on a car? Firstly, This decorative detail, which is used to give the car sporty look, luxury, uniqueness. The spoiler can be attached to the front, rear, side or roof. Inveterate mods can order an individual spoiler that will not look like any other.
Attention! Installing a spoiler slightly lowers the ride height. This should be kept in mind on our real off-road tracks.
Secondly, a spoiler is a practical element, because it redirects the air flow and improves aerodynamics. For example, at speeds over 100 km / h, the rear of the car often seems to rise above the road. Thus, the grip of the wheels with the road surface is reduced. The presence of a rear spoiler allows you to press the rear wheels at speed to the asphalt - traction is not lost.
Interesting to know! Initially, spoilers were put on racing cars.
How does a spoiler work? The oncoming air flow enters under the bottom of the car and slightly raises the body above the road. Behind the car high speed various vortex air flows are formed, which causes braking. In this case, the aerodynamic loads in front of the car increase. The spoiler on the car is then placed to direct the air currents into the right side and avoid unwanted events.
It is best to mount two spoilers: front and rear. The rear spoiler increases pressure on the road surface and at the same time unloads the front drive axle. The front spoiler creates pressure at the front. In addition, it additionally cools brake discs, pads, radiator. The fact is that deflectors are built into the spoilers, which are able to direct the air flow in the right direction.
Attention!IN rear wheel drive cars front spoiler (without rear spoiler) reduces power and provokes excessive fuel consumption.
Spoiler classification
Put on a car different types spoilers. You must decide for yourself what you expect from this type of body kit.
By design, spoilers are:
custom- manufactured according to custom order. This thing is unique not only in form, but also in exclusivity.
factory spoilers- are produced in large quantities at manufacturing plants and look like an integral factory part.
Fastening method:
Spoilers on supports- supports can be bolts or self-tapping screws. Fasteners are reliable.
Sticky spoilers- fastening is done using double-sided tape or glue. The disadvantage is that at high speed the spoiler can fly off.
Place of attachment:
rear spoilers - stand on the trunk or below the rear window.
Roof spoilers- mounted on the top of the back door.
Front and rear bumper skirts- are located below the bumper.
Diffusers- installed under the bottom of the body.
Side spoilers These are car door sills.
By application:
Universal spoilers- put on many car models.
Special spoilers- these are the ones that are put on cars specific model still at the factory.
Advantages of installing a spoiler on a car
A spoiler for a car is not just an expensive toy, but also a responsibility. The fact is that if a spoiler is attached by a person who knows little about air flows, then he is unlikely to correctly mount the spoiler on the car. In this case, the spoiler will either be simply useless, or it can become dangerous (especially at high speed). What exactly is a spoiler on a car for? The main advantage is increased traction and improved controllability of the machine. Reminder: this will only happen if correct fastening spoiler.
Interesting! The first spoilers were metal.
Improved Grip
The spoiler is able to counteract the force of the resulting decelerating vortex. At the same time, the rear axle is pressed down, and the rear wheels have a higher coefficient of adhesion to the road. The car does not blow to the side. Control is not lost.
Reduced fuel consumption
Air currents under the machine at speed create resistance to movement. There is a feeling that the car slows down. You want to maintain speed and push - the result is an excessive consumption of fuel. The presence of a spoiler allows you to avoid unwanted braking of the car at speed. Thus, fuel consumption is slightly reduced.
Reducing the risk of getting into
Since the spoiler redirects airflow while driving, the likelihood of the vehicle skidding is reduced. Increases maneuverability. And that means getting in is declining.
Good to know! The most durable today is a spoiler made of organosilicon polymers or silicone.
Vehicle weight reduction
The weight of the car with body kit increases. But if the car is driving at high speed, then the spoiler slightly reduces the weight of the car. This happens due to aerodynamics.
Stylish appearance
Undoubtedly, the spoiler gives your car a stylish look. If you purchase a spoiler in an unpainted form, then the masters will match the color of your car. In this case, no one will even suspect that the spoiler was bought separately, and not native.
Improving braking performance
Many drivers claim that the spoiler helps with braking. The spoiler is especially effective in winter. Threshold expanders can be installed on the sides of the car, which also contribute to better braking.
Are there any disadvantages
Disadvantages may appear if the spoiler is installed contrary to the laws of physics: incorrectly calculated position of the spoiler relative to oncoming air flows. Remember also that you should always install two spoilers so as not to disturb the balance of the car. As a result of incorrect installation of the spoiler, the following may occur:
1. Fuel overrun.
2. Deterioration of aerodynamics.
3. Deterioration in control.
4. Decrease in safety as a result of loss of controllability.
5. Reducing the clearance between the bottom and the road. This is especially dangerous in off-road conditions.
The disadvantages are clearly visible in plastic spoilers, because they are short-lived. The negative effects of the sun (solarization), detergents lead to the fact that the plastic becomes brittle and breaks, crumbles.
Did you know? Spoiler made of carbon fiber - the most expensive pleasure in the spoiler market.
Do you need a spoiler for your car, to summarize
Why, in principle, you need a spoiler on a car, you already know. Whether you need it is up to you. Ask yourself: why do you need a spoiler, what quality should the accessory be, where do you want to attach it.
Remember! If you want to get benefits at the end, then on the issue of installing a spoiler, contact the specialists who will correctly mount the spoiler on your car and set up the deflectors.
They allow you to give appearance machines of aggressiveness and sportiness. In addition, thanks to such body kits, driving performance auto (improves handling at high speeds). The main parts of the body kit are a spoiler and a wing. Profiled bumpers (front/rear) and underbody panels can also be used to improve aerodynamic performance.
All body kit elements perform specific functions. For example, the body kit of the thresholds removes lateral turbulences during movement, the rear body kit allows you to avoid the turbulence of air masses behind the car, and so on. Regardless of functions individual elements, all of them are united by one task - to increase the aerodynamics of the car.
What is car aerodynamics
When a car moves at a speed of more than 140 kilometers per hour, a so-called turbulent zone forms behind it. It represents those very chaotic air turbulences that interfere with the control of the machine. When driving, the flow around the outer surface of the car is carried out on 3 sides: on top, as well as on the sides. In the lower part (where the bottom is located), air flows collide with protruding parts, so they pass with turbulence.
In such a situation, excess pressure is formed under the bottom of the machine and in compartment c. Due to this, the car rises, as downforce is reduced. Accordingly, the grip of the wheels with the road surface is reduced, which negatively affects the handling of the car. Elements aerodynamic body kit(spoiler and wing) are designed to avoid such a problem. Let's consider each of them separately.
Video about the aerodynamic body kit of the car:
Spoiler
The term "spoiler" refers not only to the body kit of a car. This name is also used for devices that allow you to change the dynamics of the aircraft. However, the principle of their work is completely opposite.
It is worth noting that the spoiler should be installed on the car only for those motorists who are used to driving at high speeds. In this case, the body kit element will allow you to secure the ride. In other situations, it makes no sense to install it - except as an ornament, imitating. The element works effectively only when driving at a speed of more than ninety kilometers per hour.
Spoiler functions
The main purpose of this body kit element is to change the direction of the air flow that "runs" on the car. This makes it possible to improve handling and fuel. In addition, the spoiler allows you to significantly reduce pollution on rear window auto.
This may seem strange to some, but it is most effective to use a spoiler on trucks. By closing part of the van above the driver's cab with a fairing, a quarter reduction in fuel consumption can be achieved. The installation of such elements is carried out in accordance with the needs of the motorist - depending on the desired effect.
Spoiler installation
Aerodynamic body kit elements can be installed:
- to the front of the car(addition to the bumper) to increase downforce when driving and improve the handling of a front-wheel drive car;
- side parts in the sill area to increase the overall degree of resistance to the oncoming air flow and to rarefy it under the bottom of the car (this allows the car to press harder against the roadway and be better controlled);
- the transition point of the roof of the car in the fifth door(on hatchback and station wagon) to reduce pollution of the rear windows;
- rear wheel drive trunk to improve handling characteristics.
It is better to entrust the direct installation of the spoiler to professionals. The element is attached with screws, self-tapping screws or double-sided tape - it depends on the place of its installation. The main task of the master is to install the spoiler at a certain angle to the axis of the car. It is necessary to mount the device as securely as possible, since neighboring cars can damage or tear it off while driving.
Even the best spoiler incorrect installation may be the cause. Vehicle lift may be reduced. In addition, if you overload one axle and unload the other, this will significantly reduce the controllability of the machine at low speeds.
front spoiler
Separately, mention should be made of such an element of the aerodynamic body kit as the front spoiler. It is mounted under the front bumper and performs the function of "raising" the air (directs the flow upwards). In some cases, spoilers are designed to direct air into the area of the radiator and brake discs. The machine, reducing the pressure, literally “sucks” air flows into the vents. Similar effect motorists call it "sticking to the road". Due to it, it becomes possible to better control the car.
However, this effect has a significant drawback. If the car is thrown up a little, it may lose control. Racers gave their name to this negative moment - Ground-effect.
roof spoiler
The spoiler, mounted on the roof of the car, performs the function of "breaking" the air flow. This prevents the formation of turbulence behind the machine by smoothly closing the air passage. Reducing these eddies, in turn, reduces drag auto.
Such a spoiler can be adjustable. To do this, it is equipped with a special handle. Items like this are commonly used for . Thanks to the handle, the driver is able to select the height of the element according to the height of the trailer, even if the trailer is used only for one trip.
Rear bumper spoiler
The bumper spoiler is a small, but noteworthy element of the aerodynamic body kit. There is no point in using it separately. However, in combination with other parts, it can have a significant effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of the car.
This part of the body kit is installed on the rear bumper area and allows you to deal with the lifting force acting on the car. Due to the "pressing" of the car to the road, its handling improves. In addition, the rear spoiler looks beautiful, so it is used as a decoration.
wing
The most important element of the aerodynamic body kit of a car is the wing. In its design, it is very similar to the wing of an airplane, only it is upside down. Another difference is that this element does not lift the car into the air, but rather presses it to the road surface. The higher the speed and the larger the area of the wing, the stronger this effect.
A properly installed wing affects aerodynamic performance by fifty percent when compared with other elements. To ensure good handling of the car, it must have the appropriate dimensions - not too small, but not too large. In addition, it cannot be located too close to the body. Otherwise, the wing will either perform the functions of an ordinary spoiler, or will be completely useless.
Disadvantages of wings
This element has significant disadvantage. If you drive at high speed, the load on the wheels will increase. Accordingly, mechanical losses for their rolling will increase. Moreover, the wing is able to create additional aerodynamic drag, which will only increase with increasing speed.
Let's say again that it is very important to choose the right shape of the element and install it correctly. Otherwise, the wing will slow down the car. This, in turn, will lead to excessive fuel consumption.
Secondary elements of influence on the aerodynamics of a car
There are elements that are not related to the body kit, but can also affect the aerodynamic characteristics of the car. Among them:
- deflectors;
- open windows;
- rear view mirrors;
- ajar hatch;
- additional lighting fixtures on the roof (especially off-road vehicles have a strong influence).
Video about installing the spoiler:
Finally, we recall once again that the use of an aerodynamic body kit is felt only at high speeds. Therefore, such tuning will only have functionality when driving on highways. On quiet roads in urban areas, it will only act as a styling element.
Sometimes, even experienced driver, what is the difference between a wing and a spoiler, it is not always possible to formulate. That is, to explain on the fingers in style: this is such a thing - everyone is quite capable (well, they say, you yourself understand what I mean). But to show the difference to an outsider who is not connected with the auto business, from the category of never literate, for almost everyone - is very difficult. But in vain, it would be worth finding words, since many beginners and inexperienced drivers believe that these chips are needed only to indicate the coolness of the owner in the eyes of others, that is, to divert eyes.
These devices were invented and installed not just like that, but with some goals that are not always clear to the average layman. Let's try to understand this issue.
What is the difference between a wing and a spoiler, at first glance, was somehow well defined by one familiar auto mechanic: "The first sticks out, the second merges." However, this definition does not at all explain the reasons why people spend quite a lot of money to install these devices.
Goals and objectives
Both chips, first of all, even perform different functions: spoilers improve the aerodynamics of the body and optimize oncoming air flows, and the wing acts rather negatively on these factors, but improves car handling. Spoilers, roughly speaking, cut through the air, make it blow the car with smaller jets (by the way, their other name is splitters).
At the same time, in this process different spoilers press different parts of the car to the roadway. Along the way, these parts take on the functions of protection, repelling dirt, clods and dust flying out from under the wheels (of their own and their comrades on the road) from the body.
The wing, as already mentioned, is intended mainly to improve the obedience of driving a car. The principle of its operation is indicated already in the name: if the wing must provide lift, then its opposite is just downforce. And this force acts exclusively on the rear axle, pressing the hood from the rear to the roadway. As a second function of the rear wing, we can mention the increase in the stability of the car on high speeds. However, this is a consequence of the same pressing effect.
Spoilers
Outwardly, they are, as it were, a continuation car body. They are mounted flush with it and seem to be an integral part. The front spoiler is placed under the bumper. It directs the air so that a low pressure is formed under the bottom of the machine. Accordingly, a higher one - from above - presses on the hood, pressing it to the ground. This achieves a certain aerodynamic effect.
Rear spoilers can be mounted on the trunk or on top of the rear window. As a result, the latter gets less dirty while driving, and rear axle loads more when accelerating. As a result of such a division of the flow (large at the bottom, under the bottom, small - behind, on top of the trunk), as a whole, the car is pressed against the road along its entire length.
Wing: It happens only one and is placed behind, on the trunk. It is mounted not end-to-end with the surface of the body, but on racks. The simplest is installed permanently; more advanced ones can be folded - in this case, the wing rises when accelerating over 140 km / h. And it’s completely cool - on the road it can also change the horizontal slope, given the speed. When braking, the wing creates additional resistance, shortening the braking distance.
For installation - to the installers
It is not recommended to install both spoilers and a wing yourself, unless you are an expert in aerodynamics and are not familiar with the details of the correct calculations. Even wrong selection, based on the principle of "liked this one better", can significantly increase the resistance of the case air currents- despite the fact that the task was to reduce it. And an illiterate installation is quite capable of making a real wing out of a wing, lifting the rear of the car above the roadway.
Knowing the difference between a wing and a spoiler, one can imagine the consequences of incompetent installation of spoilers: the car will be tossed up and driven back and forth along the road in motion. And the cost of fuel, rest assured, will increase by at least 20-25 percent: the engine will have to overcome the additional resistance of the atmospheric environment.
