But first, it makes sense to recall the decisions that were originally incorporated into the design of the Snow Cross winter tire. The very name of one of the technologies (Snow Cor) used in this model suggests that the developers paid special attention to the performance of the tire on a snowy road. A characteristic feature of the directional tread design is the closed center rib. The essence of the solution is that the rib cuts through the snow cover, effectively removing the upper, usually wet layer of snow from the contact patch through the grooves located at an angle. And this greatly reduces the possibility of "hydroplaning in the snow." Good drainage in the contact patch is also facilitated by Z-shaped lamellae, which are pierced through the tread blocks. Opening and closing when the tire moves, the sipes not only remove water suspension from the contact patch, but also create additional tire engagement zones on the snow surface. But why did Cordiant developers choose this particular shape of lamellas? For example, the frequently used 3D lamellas cope with the above functions and provide rigidity of the tread blocks, which has a good effect on handling. Here it is worth remembering that any tire is a child of compromises. And for developers, it is important to achieve a balance of all characteristics. With lamellas (and not only in 3D form), Cordiant engineers experimented a lot and as a result came to the conclusion that the lamellas of their chosen shape, firstly, perform their functions well, and secondly, they are less expensive to manufacture.

Innovative stud shape ensures a secure hold in the tire

The studding of the Cordiant Snow tire uses proprietary Ice Cor technology. These are asymmetrically located spikes, the number of rows of which is 16. Thus, at the same time, at least 10 spikes are located in the contact patch of the tire with the road.

What new solutions are used in this season's Snow Cross winter tires? First of all, this is a new spike developed by the well-known company Scason. The stud body is aluminum and the insert is made of tungsten carbide. With spikes, as with lamellas, many tests have been carried out. Preliminary selection passed five options, from which the final choice was made. The shape of the carbide insert is two squares shifted relative to each other, that is, the insert has eight sharp edges that allow you to confidently cling to the ice. The shape of the stud leg was selected in such a way as to ensure its reliable fastening in the tread layer of the tire under shock loads. In comparative tests of tires equipped with old and new studs, only due to the use of new studs, the braking performance was reduced by 8%, and the lap time on ice improved by 7%. Also improved and acceleration on ice.

16 rows of studs (exclusively factory studded) arranged asymmetrically

A separate "engineering" topic is a new rubber compound, which took three years to develop, and the work was carried out in partnership with colleagues from German institutes. But the time was well spent: only due to the new compound, the braking distance was reduced by 12% (at a speed of 20 km / h, this is a car body), and acceleration on ice improved by 9%. The new rubber compound has not only become more elastic, but also the temperature range of its application has expanded. An argument that is very important when determining the market for which the tire is intended: the rubber compound of the Snow Cross winter tire model remains stable down to temperatures of -53 ° C. Structurally, the tire has a two-layer tread: directly under the tread with a soft rubber compound there is a hard, so-called undergroove layer , which, first of all, provides a reliable fastening of the spike. In addition, this layer creates a reliable support for the stud, due to which it exerts additional pressure on the stud during its contact with the ice surface.

For the 2016-2017 winter season, the Cordiant Snow Cross tire range has been expanded by 25 sizes. New popular sizes with landing diameters of 17 and 18 inches have appeared. Moreover, a whole line for the production of these tires was launched at the Cordiant-Vostok plant. There are also 13 sizes of tires for SUVs: the design of tires for cars in this segment is distinguished by a reinforced sidewall.

The task initially was to prepare for the production of tires with a landing diameter of 17 and 18 inches for premium cars. However, for such products, products are needed not just good, but very good. The tread pattern of the Cordiant Snow Cross was kept the same, but the compound was redesigned. Its chemical composition made it possible to provide a wide operating temperature range: +10…-53 °C. Before the upgrade, the lower limit was -45 °C.

To improve traction on ice, Scason's lightweight Spike-Cor studs were used. A hard-alloy octagonal insert made of tungsten carbide has been introduced into the aluminum body of the new “claw”. The former studs were encased in stainless steel, their carbide insert was uncut.

There are always a dozen of these "claws" in the contact patch. According to Cordiant, the braking distance when decelerating from 30 to 5 km/h on the upgraded tires decreased by 8% compared to the previous ones, and acceleration from 5 to 30 km/h became 3.7% faster.

The upgrade affected not only expensive 17- and 18-inch models, but also more affordable 13-16-inch ones.

On the snow-covered field of the Sortavala airfield, tire manufacturers assembled rear-wheel drive cars of premium brands. The test program of the upgraded Cordiant Snow Cross model included an assessment of longitudinal grip: after intensive acceleration to 60 km / h, sharp braking until it came to a complete stop, first with ESP on, and then off. Accurately working electronics drives the car without skids and slips. But even without electronic stabilization, I confidently controlled the behavior of the "five" BMW on the snow.

I tried to evaluate the transverse grip while driving a Mercedes E‑class, performing a “moose” test. I did not knock down a single cone when performing maneuvers, but I can’t say anything about the advantages of the new tires without comparing them with the previous ones.

In the tire test conducted by the Za Rulem expert group (ЗР, 2016, No. 9), the updated Cordiant Snow Cross studs performed well. In the 15-inch dimension, they were ahead of eminent rivals Michelin and Dunlop. And the price is a third lower: depending on the tire size, Cordiant Snow Cross tires cost from 2,000 to 4,000 rubles.

Owners of crossovers, especially all-wheel drive ones, are often not enthusiastic about the seasonal change of regular summer tires to winter ones. After all, almost all native tires are marked with the M + S index, which de jure allows you to drive them in winter. The main thing is that the residual tread depth should be at least 4 mm (otherwise - 500 rubles fine). But you need to understand that the M + S marking absolutely does not oblige the manufacturer to anything! For marking, no tests or certificates are required confirming the suitability of tires for winter, and therefore, more and more often it can be seen on frankly summer, moreover, “asphalt” tires, which incidentally indicates the devaluation of not only the letter S (snow, “snow”), but also M (mud, "mud"). So we don’t look at the letters, but at the tread, and if we don’t see a lot of small slots-lamellas, then we conclude: it’s dangerous to ride on such in winter. And even better, when there is a “Snowflake” stamp on the sidewall in the form of three mountain peaks with a snowflake, these models really passed the test on a snowy track. The participants in our test are all with this marking: these are 14 sets with spikes and nine without.

The test program is standard, all the tracks of the White Hell test site near the Finnish town of Ivalo are well known to us - and most importantly, to be lucky with the weather. Almost lucky: there was no snowfall, although the temperature danced from 5 to 23 degrees of frost, so its influence had to be taken into account by conducting additional races on the "reference" tires. But the measurements of the longitudinal dynamics took place in a closed hangar with a more stable temperature.

This is where the embarrassment happened with Nokian tires, and with a model that has been produced for more than a year. Both in acceleration and in braking, the studless Nokian Hakkapeliitta R2 SUV lost not only to its principal competitors, but even to the tires of its own "second line" - Nordman RS2 SUV tires! Nokian testers working in the neighborhood were alarmed, they repeated the measurements themselves ... An internal investigation showed that the failed tires were produced at a plant near St. Petersburg at the end of 2016, more precisely on the 48th week. Then there was a failure in the technological cycle. They did not share details with us (apparently, there were deviations either in the duration or in the temperature of vulcanization), but they assured that the defective batch did not go on sale. Although on the outside everything is in order, and even the hardness of the tread rubber is the same as on the tires released in the 41st week of 2016 (their results were taken into account), but the difference in grip on ice reaches eight percent.

After measurements in the hangar, we get out into the freezing cold - and once again we notice that as the temperature drops, the friction tires begin to catch up and even overtake the spikes. At minus twenty, the ice becomes so hard that the studs cannot scratch it, and the tread rubber of most studded tires is harder - in the cold, friction tires are more elastic, they have a longer total length of slots-lamellae.

We, again, take into account changing conditions and adjust the results, but if all tests were carried out in light frost, friction tires would roll back to the bottom lines of the protocols.

Handling tests were carried out on the ice of the polar lake Tammijärvi

And in the snow, frost plays into the hands of friction models: while maintaining the elasticity of the tread, they better cling to the snow shagreen.

This time it was possible to support the cross-country ability assessments with instrumental measurements - acceleration time in deep snow with the traction control system turned off. It is curious that Russian tires topped and closed the rating: the best are Cordiant, and the most helpless in the virgin lands are Viatti tires manufactured by the Nizhnekamsk Tire Plant.

The asphalt part of the tests is especially relevant for residents of large cities, where the streets are cleared of snow and ice for most of the winter.

The final part of the tests is already in April, on "summer" surfaces. And in passing, we note that this time there were no tires littered with spikes.

At the top of the final ranking are the Nokian Hakkapeliitta 9 SUV tires. Expected result: if the model of the previous generation regularly won in our tests, then the new one, and even with two types of studs, easily outperformed the competitors.

Expensive? Then we carefully look at the points, at the main advantages and disadvantages of other tires - and choose the best option for your pocket. And yet we avoid buying outsider tires - such savings threaten incomparably large costs.

Studded tire rating

Dimension	215/65 R16
(55 sizes available from 215/65 R16 to 315/40 R21)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,9
	9,8
	49
Number of spikes	172
	1,05/1,54
Manufacturer country	Finland

Hakkapeliitta with index 9 is the novelty of the season: two types of spikes are used here for the first time. Those in the middle part of the tread have transversely oriented carbide inserts: they are responsible for the longitudinal grip, and at the edges of the tread rise some kind of trefoils that work effectively in corners. And this is not a marketing trick: a clear superiority over competitors both on the handling track and in braking on ice. And in other types of winter tests, the tires are on top. On asphalt, grip is moderate, and the main problem is noise at speeds from 70 to 90 km / h.

The best tires for harsh winter conditions!

Dimension	215/65 R16
(2 sizes available 205/55 R16 and 215/65 R16)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	98 (750 kg)
Weight, kg	11,2
Tread depth, mm	9,5
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	56
Number of spikes	170
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,52/1,47
Manufacturer country	South Korea

This year, Hankook officially opened its polar test site in Ivalo, Finland: the routes and test approaches are in many ways similar to those used by Nokian Tires. This also applies to the features of the tires themselves: the number of star spikes was increased, which ensured decent test results on ice. But in deep snow, tires do not shine, as well as on asphalt, and besides, they make a lot of noise. But it’s easy for them to forgive: Hankook Winter i * Pike RS + tires are one and a half times cheaper than the Finnish novelty.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(91 sizes available from 175/70 R14 to 275/40 R22)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,4
Tread depth, mm	9,5
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	54
Number of spikes	130
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,03/1,25
Manufacturer country	Russia

Tires made in Voronezh are flavored with powerful studs-brackets - and work smartly on ice during acceleration and braking. But in corners - sharp breakdowns in sliding, so without a stabilization system you have to be on the alert. But - a good balance of grip on slippery roads and on asphalt, and therefore they can be safely recommended for winter operation in large cities. If you do not make high demands on acoustic comfort.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(75 sizes available from 155/70 R13 to 275/40 R20)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,6
Tread depth, mm	9,2
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	54
Number of spikes	130
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,37/1,41
Manufacturer country	Russia

Tires are produced at the Russian plant Continental near Kaluga. The Gislaved brand is owned by Continental - and the Nord*Frost 200 model copies the asymmetric tread pattern of the first generation ContiIceContact tires, but the studs are simpler in shape and without thermochemical fixation. However, they also work well - especially in the transverse direction.

In general, these are well-balanced tires for use both in large cities and beyond.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(37 sizes available from 155/70 R13 to 225/55 R18)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,9
Tread depth, mm	9,6
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	54
Number of spikes	130
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,63/1,62
Manufacturer country	Russia

The tires were produced at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant and the tread pattern suspiciously resembles the Finnish Nokian Hakkapeliitta 7 tires, which even became a reason for a lawsuit. But Cordiant managed to justify itself - and increase production volumes, including by expanding the range of dimensions. Decent tires for the money, but they don’t like asphalt roads: they don’t hold very well, and rolling is accompanied by a loud and unpleasant rumble of the tread. Tires are not for the city.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(42 sizes available from 205/70 R15 to 275/50 R22)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	12,2
Tread depth, mm	9,2
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	57
Number of spikes	130
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,08/1,16
Manufacturer country	Finland

Nordman tires are the "second line" of Nokian Tires, and for production, molds of obsolete Nokian tire models are used. The novelty of the Nordman 7 SUV season is the reincarnation of the Hakkapeliitta 7 SUV, produced from 2010 to 2017. Good grip on ice and snow, and on asphalt even better than the current "mother" model. Including acoustic comfort: there are fewer spikes.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(38 sizes available from 175/65 R15 to 245/45 R19)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	98 (750 kg)
Weight, kg	10,2
Tread depth, mm	10,5
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	56
Number of spikes	130
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,26/1,39
Manufacturer country	Germany

The model was introduced in 2012 and has not yet received a replacement. On ice, the tires work well in the longitudinal direction, but in corners they sharply break into slips. On the snow, including virgin lands, everything is much better. But on the pavement, the aggressive pattern generates an obsessive low-frequency rumble from 30 km / h.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(58 sizes available from 175/65 R14 to 265/40 R20)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,3
Tread depth, mm	9,3
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	56
Number of spikes	104
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,05/1,09
Manufacturer country	Russia

Michelin with the X-Ice North 3 tire continues to bend the line to comply with European studding regulations: no more than 50 studs per linear meter of tread. And the spikes themselves are simple, round in section. This led to an unimportant hold on the ice. On packed snow, the picture is better, but getting out of a snowdrift is a problem: the tread is to blame.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(23 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 245/45 R17)
Speed ​​index	Q (160 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11
Tread depth, mm	9,2
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	51
Number of spikes	100
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	0,87/1,06
Manufacturer country	Russia

BFGoodrich tires are Michelin's "second line", they are produced at the same plant in Davydovo near Moscow as Michelin X-Ice North 3 tires. But the tread is its own, original. It is a pity that there are also few spikes, they are round, excessively recessed, and as a result, mediocre behavior on ice.

On snow, including on virgin soil, the situation is better. And even better - on asphalt, although you need to remember that the permissible speed is 160 km / h, although studded competitors have 190.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(35 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 265/60 R18)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	98 (750 kg)
Weight, kg	10,9
Tread depth, mm	9,6
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	56
Number of spikes	130
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	0,85/0,94
Manufacturer country	Russia

Formula is the "second line" of Pirelli. In last year's tests at Lada Vesta, tires took fifth place, but now the figures are more modest. Especially on ice. Even after break-in, the protrusion of the studs above the tread surface is less than a millimeter (last year we recorded 1.1 mm on new tires). On packed snow, the results are better, although we do not recommend climbing into snowdrifts. They hold up well on asphalt.

A good budget tire option for urban use.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(122 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 285/45 R22)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	98 (750 kg)
Weight, kg	12,2
Tread depth, mm	9,5
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	55
Number of spikes	125
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	1,18/1,37
Manufacturer country	Japan

For many, the Made in Japan brand is a sign of quality. But something went wrong with Toyo winter tires. It seems that the spikes are not simple - with cruciform inserts, and the studding is of high quality, but on ice the grip properties are moderate, as well as on snow. However, the response of the car to control is well balanced.

On asphalt - far from the best comfort and grip.

Joy - a low price, which is consistent with the quality of tires.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(19 sizes available from 205/70 R15 to 265/60 R18)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	98 (750 kg)
Weight, kg	11,5
Tread depth, mm	9,3
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	59
Number of spikes	120
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	0,93/1,03
Manufacturer country	Russia

Under the "Italian" name - tires produced in Nizhnekamsk using off-take technology. The design and manufacturing process is the product of an engineering firm run by a former Continental executive. However, grip on ice and snow is mediocre, and most of all upset that winter tires, “developed by European specialists specifically for Russian roads,” were helpless in deep snow. Also, they are noisy and harsh. Not an option - even considering the low price.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(96 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 275/50 R22)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	12,1
Tread depth, mm	9
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	53
Number of spikes	128
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	0,57/0,73
Manufacturer country	Russia

One could immediately assume that the ice tests of the Yokohama Ice Guard 55 tire would fail. Instead of the prescribed 1.2 mm, the spikes protrude an average of 0.57 mm - and do not work. And the buyer is counting on Japanese quality - even though the tires are made in Lipetsk.

There are also complaints about the tread: on rolled snow - the maximum braking distance, and on virgin soil - the worst traction abilities. For Russian conditions, other tires are needed, and they already exist: sales of the new Yokohama IG65 model with an increased number of “curly” spikes begin this season. More details about new tires - in one of the next issues of Autoreview.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(38 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 235/60 R18)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,7
Tread depth, mm	9,4
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	61
Number of spikes	128
Protrusion of spikes before/after testing, mm	0,79/1,0
Manufacturer country	South Korea

Interestingly, duplicated in the name win - is it from the word "win" or from the word "winter"? Better fit, for example, wintry ("cold", "unfriendly") or winch ("winch"). What kind of winter or victory can we talk about if studded tires are inferior on ice to most friction tires, and on the handling track Nexen is the slowest in the overall standings? Tread rubber is clearly not designed to work at low temperatures, as evidenced by its increased hardness.

Of the positive emotions, only relatively quiet (for tires with spikes) rolling remains.

Rating of non-studded tires

Dimension	215/65 R16
(61 sizes available from 205/70 R15 to 295/40 R21)
Speed ​​index	R (170 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,4
Tread depth, mm	8,9
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	53
Manufacturer country	Russia

Off-road tires, with the SUV index, have sidewalls reinforced with aramid fiber, which is reminiscent of the Aramid Sidewalls brand. So with impact resistance, unlike the "passenger" tires of the same name, there should be no problems.

In severe frost, Nokian friction tires provide excellent grip on ice, behave well on snow, and small complaints appear only on asphalt.

Excellent winter tires for use in the city and beyond.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(97 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 275/45 R20)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,9
Tread depth, mm	8
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	52
Manufacturer country	Germany

Leapfrog. The year before last, we liked the ContiVikingContact 6 tires on asphalt, but they didn’t work well on ice, last year the situation reversed, this year it’s better on asphalt again ... Of course, the dimensions are different, but the reason must be sought in the composition of the rubber compound : Last year the tread rubber on the ContiVikingContact 6 tires was noticeably softer.

Now we are taking into account the latest version of these tires manufactured at the end of 2016. Not ideal on ice and snow (especially deep), but they work perfectly on asphalt.

Good winter tires for urban use. And the most comfortable!

Dimension	215/65 R16
(57 sizes available from 175/70 R13 to 255/45 R19)
Speed ​​index	S (180 km/h)
Load index	98 (750 kg)
Weight, kg	10,7
Tread depth, mm	8,6
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	46
Manufacturer country	Japan

Since studs are banned in Japan, local manufacturers are focusing on friction winter tires. So we will assume that it is natural that

Speed ​​index T (190 km/h) Load index 98 (750 kg) Weight, kg 8,9 Tread depth, mm 8,4 Shore hardness of tread rubber, units 56 Manufacturer country Germany

Lightweight tires with soft, quiet rolling. But at the same time, there is an imbalance of “winter” grip properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions, and sharp breakdowns in sliding seem to be provoked by sidewalls that are soft for a heavy crossover. Indeed, in the range of Goodyear winter tires there is a model specifically for crossovers and SUVs - UltraGrip Ice SUV, but these tires are not available in size 215/65 R16. However, if the car is equipped with a stabilization system, then Goodyear UltraGrip Ice 2 tires are a good choice.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(16 sizes available from 215/65 R16 to 255/60 R18)
Speed ​​index	R (170 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	11,2
Tread depth, mm	8,9
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	56
Manufacturer country	Russia

The tread pattern is exactly like the Nokian Hakkapeliitta R tires, but the materials are simpler. Another option to extend the life cycle of molds. And - given the price - a very good option. Moreover, in certain disciplines, Nordman RS2 SUV tires are even more preferable: the braking distance on ice is shorter!

Weight, kg 11,4 Tread depth, mm 8,7 Shore hardness of tread rubber, units 50 Manufacturer country Russia

Quality tires for a reasonable price. On ice, they are almost as good as the leaders among tires without studs, and on snow they have even better grip in the longitudinal direction. Although the handling is harsh on the track and rowing is mediocre in deep snow.

Grip properties on asphalt are above average, there are no problems with comfort either, which means that these tires are relevant for large cities.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(38 sizes available from 155/65 R14 to 255/50 R19)
Speed ​​index	T (190 km/h)
Load index	102 (850 kg)
Weight, kg	10,6
Tread depth, mm	9
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	51
Manufacturer country	Slovakia

The Gislaved brand continues to lose authenticity. So the “new” Gislaved Soft*Frost 200 is nothing more than ContiVikingContact tires of the year before last, the third generation. Fortunately, these are balanced tires - safe, comfortable, not very expensive - and therefore we safely recommend them for urban use, although an accidental drive into a snowdrift may delay the planned trip.

54 Manufacturer country China

The Marshal brand belongs to the Korean company Kumho Tire, however, according to the tread pattern and even the rare R speed index, these tires copy the Finnish Nokian Hakkapeliitta R tires - and some sellers play on this similarity. By the way, on snow and asphalt friction tires Marshal and Nokian are close, but on ice the loss of the copy is already obvious. It is also one of the noisiest and toughest friction tires available.

Dimension	215/65 R16
(37 sizes available from 175/65 R14 to 245/60 R18)
Speed ​​index	Q (160 km/h)
Load index	98 (750 kg)
Weight, kg	12,4
Tread depth, mm	8,9
Shore hardness of tread rubber, units	49
Manufacturer country	Japan

Winter tires Nitto (brand owned by Toyo Tires) appeared in Russia recently. The Therma Spike model managed to please us with traction on ice, but it lost the most spikes on asphalt. And the Nitto Winter SN2 friction tires immediately showed their helplessness on ice and in snowdrifts. And the more surprising is the failure of these tires even on asphalt.

Something is wrong with these Nittos...

If I ask you a banal question: “what types of winter tires do you know?”, I am sure that you won’t have to wait long for an answer: studded and friction. Sit down, as they say, five! But I'm a little off about that. Russia occupies a vast territory, with completely different climatic regimes, sometimes terrible roads, lack of storm sewers, with constant repair of asphalt concrete, etc. Use in such "military" conditions the so-called. "Alpine" tires, those that are supplied by European and Asian manufacturers who know little about the Siberian frosts, may be prestigious, but not safe. ((material_113701)) At the same time, few people are aware that there is a competent alternative - the "Nordic" type of tires. These are the same models that have a wide temperature window of application. I'm talking about Scandinavian products and some domestic companies. This rubber has a more aggressive tread pattern, a special mixture formulation, perhaps (due to design features) it makes a little more noise, but at the same time behaves much more adequately on the road. On such tires, it is equally confident to move either at +5 or at -53 degrees. “Alpine” models, alas, cannot boast of such a temperature fork, even if the manufacturing company has a name with knee-length orders. In the 2016 season, every tenth winter tire sold in Russia carried the “clawed” Cordiant nameplate. The young, but ambitious Russian brand is proud of its success, since not many world giants are strong enough to take and capture 10.9% of the market. Tires of the brand are positioned in the mid-price segment "B". That is, they are not the most expensive, but not frankly cheap either. This is the “yielding” niche that the consumer is especially willing to “peck” today. Again, based on the results of 2016, these products are, in fact, the best alternative to premium counterparts.((gallery_753)) only in the fall of 2018, and the tires provided for testing are just a few engineering samples. We were emphasized twice that this is not the final product, changes are possible in the tread pattern and the rubber compound formulation, work on the proprietary stud will continue, etc. Fine-tuning will last at least another six months, after which, perhaps, the next final tests will take place at the Finnish training ground in Ivola. . Truth, as usual, is known in comparison. And in order to achieve greater adequacy in our estimates, we were given several models for testing - Cordiant Snow Cross and Snow Cross 2, Nokian Hakkapeliitta 7 and 8, Dunlop SP Winter Ice 02. As you can see, the company is motley: Finns (share 7.8% without Nordmann) stood firmly in defense of the "premium", the British (4.7%) took the rap for the mass segment. In the first exercise, using the Racelogic device, it was necessary to verify the objective length of the braking distance of the car. Dunlop did not participate in this tour - the rivalry was between representatives of two northern neighbors. The organizers found a quiet icy street in the resort Dzhemruk and drove BMW 318i along it, as they say, race after race. Initially, by the way, they wanted to use the ice of the local lake for this, but the weather in the mountains, you know, is unpredictable: a sharp drop in the mercury column from -22 to almost 0 degrees. made me change my plans. ((gallery_752)) Mobile tire fitting worked quickly - the Bavarian "three-ruble note" was alternately mounted with Snow Cross, then Snow Cross 2, then the eighth "Hakka" and sent to the track, where they gave 6-10 attempts. The scheme is simple: you accelerate to 60 km / h, Racelogic gives a voice, the brake pedal sharply to the floor, and you roll in anticipation of a complete deceleration. The braking distance was measured in the range from 40 km/h to 5 km/h. For the final figures, the average was taken. He obviously pleased the representatives of Cordiant: Snow Cross 2 - 17.8 meters, Snow Cross - 18.4 meters, Hakkapeliitta 8 - 18.9 meters. ((material_111562)) Not least the success of Snow Cross 2 is due to the side blocks of the tread pattern, a kind of braking activators. They have a novelty of uneven shape. The higher the hardness of the hook on the checker of the pattern, the more the tires cling to the road surface. Hence, as you know, more confident braking. By the way, about some discrepancy between the above figures. They are explained simply: different drivers chose different sections of the road for acceleration, including the side part, where the ice crust gave way to rolled snow. In any case, the contenders for the victory showed approximately the same braking results, they did not get a big gap from each other, which is very important. The subjective stage of the tests brought us to the runway of the local airfield. Like a year ago, in Karelia, on the eve (and on the day of the races) there was heavy snow, and the proposed “snakes” with rearrangements simply “drowned” in its abundance. A couple of attempts at speed - and in the corners a decent parapet was formed. The “aviation” slalom with the stabilization system turned off resembled the “white circus” skiing, when the chances of winning were higher for those participants who went to the distance among the first. ((gallery_755)) Rolling up to the next cone, we turn the steering wheel, at the same time we release the gas, then we stabilize the course and - the accelerator pedal to the floor. Everything, as you understand, is relatively simple, but on loose deep snow, under which there is an icy base, and in turns - a knurled hole, following the instructions of the instructor was not given as filigree as it could be on an ordinary winter road. In addition, the car was constantly thrown into a hackneyed and fairly broken rut, which was not always possible to bypass. Scrupulously assessing the handling of tires in such conditions is difficult even for an experienced expert, but still managed to learn something. On the linear "snake" the Finnish test participant turned out to be a priority: the seventh "Hakki" has the best behavior in a skid and a quick exit from it. On the “Alpine” Dunlops, the car kept digging, losing precious seconds to free it from snow captivity, and struggled with drifts in turns. I was pleased, in turn, with Snow Cross 2: the “snow pockets” used in the design of the novelty showed that they can work on loose snow. To the place, as it seemed, and side lugs. They noticeably facilitate the exit from the snow rut, helping the car to follow the laid course. Interestingly, Cordiant uses similar elements on its light truck tire models, for which drivers appreciate them. On the "rearrangement" I did not find any special difference between Finnish tires and Snow Cross 2. The difference, perhaps, is in the nuances. But where the premium brand is definitely better is when exiting corners in a linear fashion. As if the "old soldier" uses all his life experience and clings to any uneven ground of the runway. Later, when a string of cars moved onto public roads, I felt how competent the work of Snow Cross 2 became in the so-called. mixed ice, which from the point of view of danger is adequate to pure ice. The new tire uses self-locking 3D sipes. When we move in a straight line, the sipes open and close in the contact patch under the weight of the car. This is a well-known microdrainage (when the lamellas narrow, they push out the mixed and water). The complex shape of the sipes - to improve handling. When we turn the steering wheel and maneuver, the 3D sipes behave more rigidly and, accordingly, the tread pattern keeps its shape better, the car goes a little faster. ((gallery_756)) The "second" Snow Cross uses a completely new tread pattern, which is easy to distinguish from the first generation of the model. Wide longitudinal and transverse grooves effectively resist the effect of hydroplaning and sliding in mixed. Spikes are used on the central edge of the tire. Moreover, the manufacturer talks about a new studding scheme - thanks to the pins of the mold of a new design, the retention of the stud in the "saddle" is taken to a different level. ((material_117960)) And in motion, in the contact patch, in any case, there are at least 10 spikes, which is extremely important. The branded "Cordiant" spike Spike-Cor, as stated above, is likely to be even more advanced form, but it's too early to talk about it. The contact patch of Snow Cross 2 is in the form of a rectangle. This is the ideal option. It is known that as the speed increases, this spot becomes smaller as the pressure in the tire increases. If the spot suddenly takes the form of a small oval, this means that all the technologies used in the development of the tire have stopped working. In Snow Cross 2, all elements of the tread pattern work optimally in the contact patch. And the pressure level in the spot is also optimized. What else to add? Increased the amount of silica and used rapeseed oil. The topic is hackneyed: it gives the tire a wide temperature window, which, as you remember, we started our review with. What its digital values ​​will become known after the upcoming tests in the Arctic. But for sure they will not be worse than the results of the Snow Cross model, and this, we recall, is from +5 to -53 degrees. ((gallery_754)) In the mainstream tire segment, this is the best indicator on the market. And among premium competitors, the Russian tire is not the last place. At the same time, one of the most important parameters for the sale of goods - the price - plays into the hands of Cordiant Snow Cross 2. We will find out only in 2018, but, according to industry experts, it is reasonable to expect an increase of 5% (for example, from the current 3 500 rubles for size 205/55R16), no more. This, you see, is a trifling increase for a new, higher level of security.

In such weather, as in the poem "The Twelve" by Alexander Blok, only studded tires will help. To make it easier for the buyer to choose, the ZR expert group tested 12 sets of relatively inexpensive 15-inch studs.
There is a crisis in the yard, prices are rising, incomes are not in a hurry to follow them - and people are increasingly looking at cars more accessible. And the majority of inexpensive foreign cars and domestic cars are shod in tires of dimension 195/65 R15.
Eight tires tested by the expert group of the magazine "Behind the wheel" fit into the price fork from two to three thousand rubles apiece. The lower threshold was set by the IceLink of the Chinese company Triangle, which is gradually gaining popularity in Russia, and the updated Cordiant Snow Cross. Upgraded Hankook Winter i*Pike RS+ tires with an increased number of studs to one hundred and seventy and Dunlop’s new model SP Winter Ice 02 support the upper bar in the budget company. The new Matador Sibir Ice 2 model and the already popular Pirelli Formula tires fit into the middle Ice, Toyo Observe G3‑Ice and Nordman 5.
The experts also took four very successful models in Russia from among the most powerful, but expensive - these are Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic, Michelin X-Ice North 3, Continental ContiIceContact 2 and Nokian Hakkapeliitta 8. By the way, half of the tested tires are made in Russia, and localization allows you to keep reasonable prices.

Time for the North

Last autumn, the experts of the magazine "Behind the Rulem" sadly recalled the rainy January and February 2015, when the test group rushed around the AvtoVAZ test site in search of a snowy area that had not yet been completely washed away by rain. It was then that it was decided next time to try to escape from the warm winter, which has become a frequent guest in central Russia, to the north of Finland. Nokian kindly provided the White Hell test site on Lake Tammijärvi for the “white” tests.
At the end of February, pre-run tires were delivered to Lapland, and in the first half of March, the main part of winter tests were carried out on a Skoda Octavia car - on snow and ice. Even in the first month of spring, a real winter reigned beyond the Arctic Circle - in contrast to the Volga region, where it turned out to be unusually warm and practically snowless. In general, the experts did the right thing by going north. And not just because of the weather. Still, the conditions of a specialized tire test site not only simplify the work, but also allow for additional tests and more information to evaluate each model.
In the "White Hell" at an air temperature of -20 to -2 ºС, all the snow and ice exercises of the magazine "Behind the wheel" were performed. Unfortunately, the experts had to abandon the rearrangement, since there was no dense, rolled snow. And on the soft, a deep rut quickly forms, the sides of which serve as a kind of lateral stop and do not allow you to correctly assess the lateral grip of the tires on snow. But the controllability assessment was carried out on two special tracks - snow and ice.

Snow and ice procedures

Experts start with methodical measurements, repeating races for each set of tires six to eight times, and if the results jump, then ten. After every two or three sets, they check the condition of the coverage using the base tires and, taking into account the data obtained, recalculate the results.
On a large horizontal plateau, an expert group is engaged in acceleration and braking on snow. Anti-slip and anti-lock braking systems are vigilant in ensuring that the wheels do not slip when accelerating and do not lock up when braking. Acceleration time is fixed from 0 to 40 km/h. From zero - because some tires "freeze" when starting from a standstill, and 40 km / h - because this speed can be dialed in first gear, eliminating the measurement error due to switching to second.
Braking from 40 km/h to 5 km/h, not to a complete stop. The fact is that at very low speeds, ABS sometimes allows the wheels to lock up, lengthening the braking distance and introducing inconsistency in the measurement results. After evaluating several sets, the surface of the plateau is “straightened” by a snowcat, which the Finns lingeringly call “tampa-a-ari”.
Gradually, the first leaders are determined - Cordiant, Formula and Nokian. The latest result is from Toyo. As for braking, Michelin turned out to be the best, and the Chinese Triangle got into the outsiders.

For measurements on ice, the expert group moves to a special track covered with a huge long awning that hides the ice from snow and bright sun - the results are more stable than in open space. In Togliatti, even with favorable weather, it would take much longer to transport. The procedures are the same as on snow, only the final speed of acceleration and initial deceleration is only 30 km/h. And the acceleration time is measured not from the moment of starting, but from a speed of 5 km / h. The fact is that the awning with the snow lying on it "closes" the sky, preventing the VBOX equipment from contacting the GPS satellites. Therefore, when accelerating and braking on ice, a Dutron measuring device with an optical sensor was used, which makes errors at walking speeds.
With each measurement, the tester slightly shifts the car to the side, onto clear ice. When the ice rink is completely covered with small ice chips carved with spikes, Multicar enters the arena and sweeps the ice. Particles of ice and snow that have fallen under the tires work like balls in bearings: they reduce friction, increasing acceleration time and stopping distance.
Nokian tires provided the best accelerating dynamics on ice. The Continental came in second, followed by the Matador. On braking, the same alignment of leaders and outsiders remained.
The experts complete the measurements by determining the time for passing the ice circle, winding 10-12 “turns” on each set of tires. Conti and Dunlop pull ahead.

Expert work

The behavior of the car is evaluated when driving on a snowy road at high speed. For this, a platform is used about fifteen meters wide and at least five hundred long. Such an elongated field with soft snowdrifts along the perimeter allows you to fearlessly check the clarity of straight-line movement at speeds up to 90-100 km / h, as well as simulate obstacle avoidance and soft changeover from one lane to another.

On Cordiant, Goodyear and Nokian tires, the test Skoda feels more confident than on others. The experts liked Matador least of all: a wide and uninformative “zero”, delays in reactions to the steering wheel and significant steering angles when correcting the course. Chinese Triangle tires surprised with their clarity. True, the rating was slightly lowered due to the low information content of the steering wheel in the zero zone.
Not far from this long plateau, the Finns laid a snowy track of a closed configuration with turns of different curvature, small ups and downs - a perfect imitation of Russian roads.
Here Skoda is more stable controlled on Cordiant, Hankook, Nokian and Toyo tires - experts were captivated by clear reactions and understandable behavior of the car even in slips. Triangle turned out to be lagging behind: in Skoda, shod with these tires, the steering wheel becomes uninformative, it has to be turned at large angles, the car drives too sweepingly, with long slips - from drifting at the entrance to a turn to skidding on an arc.
On the ice of Lake Tammijärvi, a track was prepared to evaluate handling on a very slippery surface. A successful track, combining high-speed and slow turns with short and long straights.

In the middle of a closed track - snow a little deeper than the ground clearance. Just what you need to check the patency. Here, the experts focused on how easy and understandable the car is to start, move and maneuver in deep snow. And how confidently it gets back in its own footsteps, if it suddenly gets stuck.
When “taxiing” on ice, Cordiant, Hankook, Nokian tires (this trio was the most successful in handling on snow) and Nordman were bypassed by everyone thanks to clear reactions and understandable, predictable behavior. And Goodyear studs deserved the lowest rating due to the low information content of the steering, an unexpectedly sharp breakdown into a skid and a long recovery of traction after the start of a slip.
But in terms of cross-country ability, Goodyear tires had no equal! Skoda on them made its way through the snowdrifts like a bulldozer, raking the snow with its front bumper. And worse than others, Triangle tires get along with snowdrifts - the car crawls through deep snow with difficulty, very uncertainly and reluctantly. On these tires, it is hardly possible to get out of a swept parking lot onto a cleared road.

Adventures with spikes

After snow and ice tests, the spikes were recalculated. ContiIceContact 2 and Formula Ice became champions in the reliability of fixing “studs” - during the tests they did not lose a single stud! Michelin X-Ice North 3, Nokian Hakkapeliitta 8 and Nordman 5 showed good results: each left only two studs on all four wheels. Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic, Matador Sibir Ice 2 and Triangle IceLink missed three or four studs. The Toyo Observe G3‑Ice tires were even weaker, losing seven studs per set. The three lagging behind are the upgraded Cordiant Snow Cross (lost ten spikes from the kit), Dunlop SP Winter Ice 02 (thirteen) and Hankook Winter i * Pike RS + (fifteen).
And now the most interesting. The largest number of spikes on almost all tires was lost on the left front wheel. The fact that the front is logical. The front wheels slip when starting and accelerating, they bear the main load during braking. But why the left? Previously, experts have not observed this ... The fact is that the ice circle at this training ground is much larger than ours, in Sosnovka, and therefore the speed is about twice as high. And since the car is going faster, then the inner wheel - and the left one, since they were driving counterclockwise - is unloaded more and slips more.
The spikes fly out more readily when slipping, and when the wheel is unloaded. On a loaded wheel, the rubber is compressed more by vertical force, grips the studs more tightly and holds them better. This means that in everyday use, the spikes often fly out during acceleration, and not during braking. If you want to save them, limit wheel spin by accelerating.

Asphalt

Exercises on the "black" roads were carried out at the turn of April and May, when the asphalt had already dried up, the wind subsided, and the air temperature was from 4 to 7 ºС. This is just the temperature limit for a seasonal tire change. How will the spikes behave in these conditions?
The first exercise is the measurement of fuel consumption. On the warm-up lap, immediately before the measurements, directional stability on asphalt and comfort were evaluated - noise and smoothness. At the end of the measurements, a “jog” was made along roads with different surfaces in order to fully appreciate the level of comfort.
Formula, Nokian and Nordman tires turned out to be the most economical at urban and suburban speeds. Cordiant gave the highest consumption. Although the difference, in all honesty, is scanty: 200 ml of gasoline per 100 km.
At a speed of 110-130 km / h, the Skoda Octavia keeps its course most clearly and makes soft lane changes, being shod with Michelin tires. And the Triangle driver is most annoying: a smeared, very wide “zero” and lack of information content. To correct the direction of movement, the steering wheel has to be twisted at large angles.
In terms of noise level, there is no significant difference between tires with spikes crunching on asphalt. In terms of ride, Continental, Hankook and Michelin tires stand out for the better.
The tests are completed by evaluating the braking properties on wet and dry pavement. Experts are interested in stopping distance from speeds of 60 and 80 km / h to a speed of 5 km / h (to cut off the possible influence of ABS). On wet pavement, the Continental tires perform best, while the Dunlop and Cordiant tires took the longest distance. On dry surfaces, the shortest stopping distance is for Triangle tires, and for outsiders, Cordiant.

Summary

Russian tires Nokian Hakkapeliitta 8 won with 929 points. Second place went to tires ContiIceContact 2 (916 points). The disadvantage of both of them by and large is one - the high price. In third place, missing six points to the coveted mark of "900" (tires that deserved 900 points, the experts of the magazine "Behind the wheel" consider excellent), is Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic.
For those who are not ready to pay more than 12 thousand rubles for a set of four tires, the testers are advised to take a closer look at the Hankook Winter i * Pike RS + and Nordman 5 models - these are very good tires, they did not fail in any of the parameters.
The next five contestants, who scored from 850 to 870 points and took places from six to ten in our ranking list, are also good, but each has its drawbacks. Of these, experts consider Cordiant Snow Cross tires to be the most profitable purchase: a modest price is combined with fairly high performance. However, these tires are not very suitable for urban conditions with clean asphalt roads.
The price of Michelin X-Ice North 3 tires can be considered slightly overpriced, not quite corresponding to the level of performance. Matador Sibir Ice 2 and Triangle IceLink are frankly budget products in their characteristics, but if you drive carefully, you can survive the winter on them..

brand, model		12th place	11th place	10th place	9th place	8th place	6th-7th place
		Triangle IceLink	Matador Siberia Ice 2	Formula Ice	Dunlop SP Winter Ice 02	Michelin X-Ice North 3	Toyo Observe G3-Ice
Country of manufacture		China	Russia	Russia	Thailand	Russia	Malaysia
Load and speed index		95T	95T	91T	95T	95T	91T
Tread pattern		directed	directed	directed	directed	directed	directed
		9.4-9.7	8.8-9.0	9.3-9.5	8.9-9.2	9.0-9.2	8.8-9.0
		54	54-55	59	61-62	56-57	59
Number of spikes, pcs.		128	110	110	116	96	119
		0.9-1.6	0.9-1.3	1.3-1.7	1.2-1.6	1.1-1.7	1.3-1.9
Tire weight, kg		10.1	9.0	8.9	10.2	9.3	9.7
(Maximum 140 points)	m	17.7	18.9	17.3	15.8	18.0	15.3
	points	104.4	97.8	106.8	117.0	102.7	120.8
Maximum 120 points)	With	32.4	30.5	30.8	32.5	30.5	31.5
	points	108.5	115.3	114.2	108.2	115.3	111.6
Maximum 50 points)	With	5.8	7.0	6.1	5.5	6.5	5.6
	points	38.8	32.1	36.9	40.9	34.6	40.2
(Maximum 130 points)	m	17.5	17.0	17.0	16.3	16.2	16.8
	points	120.3	123.9	123.9	129.2	130	125.4
(Maximum 40 points )	With	6.4	6.4	6.0	6.4	6.3	6.5
	points	37.5	37.5	40	37.5	38.1	36.9
(Maximum 110 points)	m	20.7	21.0	21.1	22.4	21.0	21.8
	points	105.2	103.7	103.2	97.2	103.7	99.9
(Maximum 90 points)	m	31.6	32.2	32.7	33.9	32.9	33.5
	points	90	88.3	87.0	83.9	86.4	84.9
Behavior: Expert judgment
handling on ice Maximum 40 points)	points	28	28	28	28	28	28
Handling on snowMaximum 30 points)	points	15	18	21	21	21	24
Maximum 50 points)	points	30	35	35	40	35	35
Maximum 40 points)	points	28	24	28	28	28	28
Maximum 40 points)	points	20	28	28	24	32	28
Comfort: Expert judgment
internal noise ( Maximum 30 points)	points	21	18	21	21	21	18
smooth running ( Maximum 20 points)	points	10	14	12	12	16	14
Fuel consumption at 90 km/h(Maximum 40 points)	l/100km	6.5	6.5	6.4	6.6	6.5	6.6
	points	39.4	39.4	40	38.8	39.4	38.8
Fuel consumption at 60 km/h(Maximum 30 points)	l/100km	4.6	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.6
	points	29.3	29.3	30	29.3	29.3	29.3
The amount of points awarded		825	832	855	856	861	863
pros		The best braking properties on dry pavement, average - on wet	Good braking properties on dry pavement, average on wet pavement	Excellent acceleration on snow; economical at any speed	Very good braking properties on snow; high permeability	Better braking properties on snow and directional stability on asphalt; soft	Clear handling on snowy roads
Minuses		Low lateral grip on ice, weakest braking on snow; low permeability; problematic handling on snow and directional stability on asphalt; very tough	Weakest longitudinal grip on ice; difficult handling and low directional stability on snow; noisy	Low running smoothness; minor claims to handling, cross-country ability, directional stability and noise level	Lowest lateral grip on ice; poor braking properties on wet asphalt; low directional stability on asphalt; increased fuel consumption at a speed of 90 km / h	Weak longitudinal grip on ice	Weak braking properties on wet asphalt; increased fuel consumption at a speed of 90 km / h

brand, model		6th-7th place	5th place	4th place	3rd place	2nd place	1 place
		Cordiant Snow Cross	Norman 5	Hankook Winter i*Pike RS+	Goodyear UltraGrip Ice Arctic	Continental ContiIceContact 2	Nokian Hakkapeliitta 8
Country of manufacture		Russia	Russia	South Korea	Poland	Germany	Russia
Load and speed index		91T	95T	91T	95T	95T	95T
Tread pattern		directed	directed	directed	directed	asymmetric	directed
Drawing depth in width, mm		9.6-9.8	9.3-9.5	9.2-9.4	10.1-10.4	7.9-8.2	8.8-9.0
Shore hardness of rubber, units		60	54-55	51	55	50-51	51
Number of spikes, pcs.		110	110	170	110	190	200
Protrusion of spikes after tests, mm		1.4-1.5	1.0-1.4	1.5-2.0	1.4-1.6	1.3-1.5	1.0-1.4
Tire weight, kg		9.1	8.4	9.1	9.5	9.2	8.5
Safety: Grip measurements
Braking distance (30-5 km/h) on ice(Maximum 140 points)	m	16.2	16.9	15.6	14.6	13.3	13.2
	points	114.1	109.3	118.5	126.6	138.9	140
Ice lap time ( Maximum 120 points)	With	30.4	30.1	29.8	29.4	29.3	29.8
	points	115.7	116.8	118.0	119.6	120	118.0
Acceleration time (5-30 km/h) on ice ( Maximum 50 points)	With	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.6	4.8	4.5
	points	42.5	41.7	44.1	40.2	46.9	50
Braking distance (40-5 km/h) on snow(Maximum 130 points)	m	16.7	16.8	16.7	16.4	16.4	16.8
	points	126.1	125.4	126.1	128.4	128.4	125.4
Acceleration time (0-40 km/h) on snow(Maximum 40 points )	With	6.0	6.1	6.4	6.2	6.1	6.0
	points	40	39.3	37.5	38.7	39.3	40
Braking distance (60-5 km/h) on wet pavement(Maximum 110 points)	m	22.5	21.5	21.7	21.0	19.8	20.8
	points	96.8	101.3	100.4	103.7	110	104.7
Braking distance (80-5 km/h) on dry pavement(Maximum 90 points)	m	35.0	34.1	34.4	33.3	32.6	33.4
	points	81.3	83.4	82.7	85.4	87.2	85.1
Behavior: Expert judgment
handling on ice Maximum 40 points)	points	32	32	32	24	28	32
Handling on snowMaximum 30 points)	points	24	21	24	21	21	24
Traction in deep snowMaximum 50 points)	points	35	40	35	50	35	45
Course stability on snow (Maximum 40 points)	points	32	28	28	32	28	32
Course stability on asphalt (Maximum 40 points)	points	24	28	24	24	28	28
Comfort: Expert judgment
internal noise ( Maximum 30 points)	points	18	21	18	18	21	21
smooth running ( Maximum 20 points)	points	14	14	16	14	16	14
Economy: Fuel consumption
Fuel consumption at 90 km/h(Maximum 40 points)	l/100km	6.6	6.4	6.4	6.5	6.6	6.4
	points	38.8	40	40	39.4	38.8	40
Fuel consumption at 60 km/h(Maximum 30 points)	l/100km	4.7	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.5
	points	28.7	30	29.3	29.3	29.3	30
The amount of points awarded		863	871	874	894	916	929
pros		Excellent acceleration on snow; clear handling on ice and snow; clear course on a snowy road	Reliable handling on ice; good flotation in deep snow; low fuel consumption	Low fuel consumption at a speed of 90 km/h; precise handling on icy and snowy roads; soft	High lateral grip on ice and longitudinal grip on snow; phenomenal cross-country ability, good directional stability on a snowy road	It is best to hold on to the ice in the transverse direction and slow down on wet pavement; good longitudinal grip on snow and ice; soft	Better longitudinal grip on ice and acceleration on snow; high lateral grip on ice; outstanding cross; low fuel consumption
Minuses		The weakest braking properties on asphalt; increased fuel consumption at speeds of 60 and 90 km/h; noisy	Weak braking properties on dry pavement	Weak braking properties on dry pavement; noisy	Difficult handling on ice; minor remarks on handling on a snowy road and smoothness; noisy	Increased fuel consumption at a speed of 90 km / h; small claims to handling, directional stability and noise level	Minor comments on directional stability on asphalt and comfort level

The test material was prepared using the publication article