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20 of the best cars in the history of Formula 1

Two dozen racing cars that have left a noticeable mark in the history of motorsport are in the ranking of the site.

Everyone loves Formula 1 for the sensational victories of brilliant racers on weak cars, but they only emphasize the primacy of technology. From the iconic red Ferrari of the 1950s to the unforgettable McLaren of the late 1980s, two dozen cars that have left a significant mark on the history of racing are ranked by a site with excellent archival photographs.

McLaren M23 (1973-1978: 16 victories)

Typically, a Formula 1 chassis lives for 1-2 seasons, after which it is replaced by newer, faster vehicles. However, the fate of the M23 is truly unique - it was performed from 1973 to 1978, and best results fell on the 1974 and 1976 seasons, when Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt won the world championships. The main advantage of the wedge-shaped chassis was its variability, the ability to use it in various configurations. In addition, the machine was very balanced and well tuned, so that Hunt, who at first called the M23 unmanageable, soon changed his mind. In total, 16 racers performed on the M23 - the last private driver to drive a car was an unknown young Brazilian Nelson Pique ...

Lotus 78 (1977-1978: 7 wins)

As Adrian Newey is considered the best designer today, so in the 60s and 70s of the last century, Colin Chapman was the recognized technical guru in Formula 1. In the 1977 season, Chapman, along with Jeff Aldridge and Martin Ogilvie, created a car that forever changed the essence of motor racing. The Lotus 78 "wing car" used the so-called "ground effect", which pressed the car to the roadway and thereby allowed it to take corners at previously unseen speeds. The revolutionary model was not very reliable at first, but after its refinement, as well as the appearance of the evolutionary model 79, Mario Andretti won the championship title without any problems. The invention of Chapman's team was so important that in 1979 a Formula 1 car without a "ground effect" was already considered bad manners.

Lotus 72 (1970-1975: 20 wins)

Behind appearance modern Formula 1 cars, we can say thank you to Lotus designers Colin Chapman and Maurice Philippe. It was their creation with the 72A index (and its variations 72B, 72C, 72D, 72E and 72F) that influenced the development of car designs in auto racing. The Lotus chassis had a wedge-shaped shape, the air intake disappeared from the front (engine cooling was carried out through air intakes on the sides of the cockpit), and this solution improved downforce and reduced aerodynamic drag car. Despite the fact that the car was very fast (as evidenced by two championship titles), like any other Lotus, it was far from always reliable. In training for the Italian Grand Prix, Jochen Rindt, who became the first posthumous world champion, died due to a broken brake shaft.

Lotus 25 (1962-1967: 14 wins)

For the 1962 championship, Colin Chapman designed a revolutionary monocoque chassis that differed from its predecessors in that it was stiffer, stronger and more compact (and therefore safer and faster). According to popular legend, Colin drew a sketch of the car on a napkin during lunch with team designer Mike Costin. The fact that one of the best racers of all time, Jim Clark, was behind the wheel of the car already hints that Lotus has achieved great success with such a combination. Indeed, Clark lost the title to Graham Hill only because a bolt came loose in the car in the final race, causing an oil leak and the Scot retired. However, in 1963, Jim bounced back in full, winning 7 out of 10 championship stages. But the history of the 25th did not end there - the car was exhibited in races until 1965, and in total won 14 victories.

Tyrrell 003 (1971-1972: 8 wins)

In 1970, Ken Tyrrell, the owner of the eponymous team, became disillusioned with the chassis he was buying from the March company, and therefore hired designer Derek Gardner to create new car. The first car of the English engineer turned out to be very fast, but the evolution of the car, which received the index 003, achieved even greater success. balanced machine not applied revolutionary ideas, but this fact did not prevent Jackie Stewart from winning seven victories in the 1971 season and becoming the world champion ahead of schedule. It is worth noting that under the terms of the exclusive contract, only the Scottish champion could pilot the 003, while his partner Francois Severt used a different chassis.

Ferrari 500 (1952-1957: 14 wins)

Super-successful car built by Aurelio Lampredi in the early 50s. Its debut took place at the Swiss Grand Prix in 1952, and the victorious procession along the tracks continued until the end of 1953 (although private traders raced it even in 1957!). The main components of success were best motor and… lack of competitors. Alfa Romeo left, and Maserati and Gordini turned out to be the closest rivals. Moreover, up to 7-8 participants (almost a third of the peloton) went to the start of some races on the 500th - to understand the picture of those years, one can imagine that today four top teams will use Adrian Newey's RB7 car. However, in those years, reliability was much worse, so Alberto Ascari's 9 victories in a row - by the way, a record that has not been beaten so far - inspire respect not only for the driver, but also for his technique.

McLaren MP4/13 (1998: 9 wins)

Adrian Newey's car was so good that it shocked rivals already during the pre-season tests. The FIA ​​came to its senses a little later, as well as rivals from Ferrari, who started chasing Mika Hakkinen, but no one managed to stop the Finn.

Williams FW11/FW11B (1986-1987: 18 wins)

Visually, this car did not stand out much in the peloton, but its main weapon was the Japanese Honda supermotor, which was not only powerful, but also economical. In 1986, fatal for the founder of the team (before the start of the season, Frank Williams was in a car accident, as a result of which he was chained to wheelchair) Nigel Mansell and Nelson Piquet shared 9 victories and still missed out on the title in the last race. However, having received a slightly modified version of the FW11B in 1987, the Englishman and the Brazilian again won 9 races and were out of reach for rivals, playing the title between themselves. It is noteworthy that the 1987 model first appeared smart device, which was later called "active suspension" and which led the team to new successes a few years later.

"Vanwall" VW5 (1957-1958: 9 victories)

In the 50s, in the Grand Prix races, the leading positions were mainly occupied by Italian teams - Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Ferrari. The German Mercedes came in mid-decade, won, then left, but English stamps and could not boast of success. Entrepreneur Tony Vandervell undertook to correct the situation, who first raised the team's skills on purchased Ferrari cars, and then, with the help of designer Frank Costin, began to produce his own racing cars. The first success for the English stable came in 1957 - for the first time in several decades, a green car finished first in the Grand Prix race, and in 1958, the pilots Stirling Moss and Tony Brooks won six out of nine possible victories. True, Mike Hawthorne of Ferrari became the world champion, but Vanwall won the first Constructors' Championship in the history of Formula 1. This success, however, was the last for Vandervell, as his failing health soon left the race and closed the team.

Williams FW14B (1992: 10 victories)

1992 saw the heyday of racing electronics in Formula 1, but ABS, traction control, active suspension and other systems worked best on the Williams FW14B car. In addition, the best aerodynamic car of the championship was equipped with a 10-cylinder Renault engine, which removed the Honda unit from the engine throne, so Nigel Mansell had really amazing technology in his hands. It is not surprising that the Englishman, who sometimes brought opponents in qualifications for several seconds, easily won the championship.

Red Bull RB6 (2011: 9 wins) RB7 (2012: 12 wins), RB9 (2013: 13 wins)

When the technical regulations changed in Formula 1 in 2009, few could have imagined that the humble Milton Keynes stable would become the dominant force in the peloton. It took the Red Bulls six months to build up, and then the machines, created by a group of engineers led by Adrian Newey, began to smash their rivals. Main Feature cars with the RB index became a high downforce, which was achieved due to the carefully designed aerodynamics of the car and non-standard solutions, like a "blown diffuser".

The result was four championship titles for Sebastian Vettel, several dozen first places in the Grand Prix, a record winning streak in the second half of the 2013 season and another change of regulations in the World Cup.

Mercedes W196/W196s (1954-1955: 9 victories)

In 1952, after a long pause (caused by the war), Mercedes-Benz again decided to return to Grand Prix racing. However, the Germans wanted to become not just a participant in the championship, but a winner, and in order to achieve this goal, the management set an ambitious goal for the designers - to build the best racing car. It takes a lot of time to describe the unique advantages of the W196, so we note the main thing: when creating the car, the engineers applied almost all the innovations of that time. Desmodromic valve train, direct fuel injection, engine tilted 20 degrees (which allowed for a flatter body), efficient (and secret) fuel mixture as well as the streamlined chassis design made technical package"Mercedes" the best in auto racing. As a result, in two years the team won 9 out of 12 races, and Juan Manuel Fangio won two titles.

Mercedes F1 W05 (2014: 9 winse)

Another change in regulations and the return of turbo engines led to new shift the leader - the post of the best F-1 team in 2014 was taken by Mercedes. The advantage of Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg over rivals turned out to be so impressive that after the first races of the championship there were talks about the victories of the Brackley stable in all the Grand Prix of the season. However, after 12 stages, the percentage of victories of the F1 W05 car was reduced to 75, and this is due to the fact that the management of Mercedes allowed the fight between their pilots. Potentially, Hamilton and Rosberg are capable of winning all 7 remaining Grands Prix, but how likely is this, given the intensifying conflict between the two talented athletes?

Williams FW18 (1996: 12 wins)

While Michael Schumacher was trying to revive the Ferrari team, and Flavio Briatore's Benetton, on the contrary, began their descent from the racing Olympus, Adrian Newey and Patrick Head continued to develop the ideas embodied in a very good 1995 Williams car. As a result, the FW18 was born - reliable like a tank, and fast as a rocket. The difficulties of rivals and, on the contrary, the stability in Williams, led to the fact that out of 16 races of the 1996 season, Damon Hill and Jacques Villeneuve won 12.

McLaren MP4/2 (1984: 12 wins)

The first of McLaren's championship cars driven by Ron Dennis. Visually, it was similar to its predecessor - MP4 / 1, but differed in everything else. First, the MP4/2 was lighter and also more aerodynamically efficient. Secondly, the car was equipped with a 6-cylinder TAG Porsche engine, which became one of the best in the championship. Finally, John Barnard incorporated revolutionary carbon brakes into the car's design, which helped reduce braking distances cars by 40 percent. MP4/2 was so good car, which was used in various variations after the 1984 championship season. In total, the MP4/2, MP4/2B and MP4/2C have won 22 races and three world championships.

Ferrari F2002 (2002: 15 wins), F2004 (2004: 15 wins)

It so happened that in 2004, the Ferrari rivals withdrew. Williams got carried away with experiments with aerodynamics, creating a car with “walrus tusks” that was difficult to set up and manage, and McLaren rolled out the MP4-19 model, outdated even before the start of the championship, on the track. The Scuderia, on the other hand, preferred a conservative path of development to a model that was well known to her, whose life began in the early 2000s. In addition, Ferrari had Bridgestone tires "on order" at its disposal, as well as the ability to wind up mileage on its own test track almost all year round. From the next year, everything changed, but in 2004, Ferrari and Michael Schumacher were out of reach for rivals.

As for the F2002, it was statistically inferior to the 2004 model (this car won 14 races in 2002 and one in 2003), but was still incredibly fast on the track.

McLaren MP4/4 (1988: 15 wins)

In 1988, McLaren had all the best in Formula 1 that one can only imagine: the best turbo engine in the championship - Honda, best couple riders - Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna, as well as one of best designers— Gordon Murray. The MP4/4, built by a talented engineer, was a fast, solid and reliable car, the only weakness of which was an imperfect gearbox. However, she did not prevent two brilliant pilots from winning 15 of the 16 races of the season.

Photo: Fotobank.ru/Getty Images/Tony Duffy/Michael King/Paul Gilham/Mike Cooper/Mike Powell/Clive Rose/Hulton Archive

Formula 1 car is not the most fast car in the world. Yes, and myself Formula 1 , is not the fastest racing series. There are such American series as, and Indycar, and there, the maximum speeds are significantly higher than in F1. However, it is Formula 1 that is considered the Queen of Motor Sports. And believe— it is not without thoroughly!

In Formula 1 cars, such technologies are used, the use of even a small part of which does honor to the most expensive and thoroughbred supercars in the world. The maintenance of one such car, a year, takes at least 15 million dollars! It is the most expensive sport in the world. Think about it! - Even for everyone's favorite football, much less money is spent than is poured into Formula 1. F1 is more expensive than Sailing or Equestrian sports. Sponsors spend more than 1 billion dollars a year on the organization and development of these races, which have long become legendary.

Modern Formula 1 car, consists of more than 80,000 parts!
Car seriesFormula 1, arrives in the country hosting the race, not in one piece, but in boxes! So, upon arrival at the pits, 10 - 15 super cool mechanics, during half a day, assemble this one, complex mechanism and prepare it for the race.

Just think! - the length of the cables laid inside the modern BolidF1, is equal to 1 km. And the cost of the car's electronicsF1 is 4 million$! Impressive? - do not rush to conclusions,— this is just the beginning).

• About Appearance:

Take a look at the photo of the Formula 1 car, especially, pay attention to the aerodynamic elements of the carFormula 1
You can imagine that already at 180 km per hour, the aerodynamic elements of a modern carF1, create downforce equal to the mass of this machine? And at 300 km per hour, with maximum angles attacks, front and rear wing, downforce is 3,000kg!

Here, such a strong clamping force, that some corners need to be taken at a higher speed, because at a lower speed, when downforce is not so strong, the car can simply fly off the track.

Approx 25% downforce provided with a front wing; a 35% are a merit - rear. Each of these two, aerodynamic elements, costs more than 100 thousand$! And for the season, you need 10 - 20 sets of rear wings!

The carbon fiber monocoque of a Formula 1 racing car weighs only 35kg! And he is worth one, 115 000 $. At the same time, the weight of a filled Formula 1 car, with a pilot, is only 691kg!

One tire of such a car costs 800$ ; and for the season you need 720 of these tires, and this is only for one car!

By the way, both front and rear, 13th, magnesium disks are installed here, worth 10,000$ — for every. Tires;— 245s in the front and 325s in the back.

The wheel nuts here are aluminum; one costs $110,
and for the season, only for one car, they need 500 pieces.

You can't see it in the photo, but brake disk here in carbon fiber. The brakes of such a machine work at temperatures up to 1000 degrees! One brake disc, caliper, and brake pads, cost 6,000$. For the season you need 180 brake discs, for one car only!

these pendants, super cars, made from titanium and carbon fiber. The cost of front and rear control arms, is 200,000$ , and for the racing season, such levers, for one car, you need 20 sets.

• About cockpit:

Both the steering wheel and the seat of such a machine are created for a specific pilot. Steering wheel, carries and dashboard, and governing bodies. The cockpit seat, if necessary, can be removed together with the pilot,— this is very important, because in the event of an accident, the rider can simply lose consciousness.

It's hard to believe, but the camera alone, installed above the main air intake, costs 140,000$. And by the way,— it belongs not to the racing team, but to the administrationformula one.

• Technical Specifications Formula 1 Car

Car speed formula 1,basically defines it, just an unrealistic engine.
With a volume of 2.4 liters, atmosphericV10Formula 1 car, produces 755hp. With this, simply unrealistically amazing power, issued at 19,500 rpm; the maximum torque of 290N.M is reached at 17,000 rpm. As you can see, against the background of such power, the engine thrust of the carformula 1,not at all large.

Can you imagine an average piston speed of 22.5m in one second? The machine engine pistonF1, weighs 220g; a full set of rings on it, weighs 9g; A piston pin weighs 66g, and is designed for a load of 3133kg.

And what is even more remarkable, this one, super resourcefulv10,very very short
; — with a cylinder diameter of 98mm, the piston stroke is only 39.77mm!

Fuel is injected into the combustion chambers of such a machine at a pressure of 100 bar.

Machine engineF1, consists of 5,000 parts. The assembly of one such motor takes130 hours, and once every 1,000 km, the engine must be overhauled. The resource of such a super unit is 3,000 km; and the team is allowed to build only 5 engines per season, for one car. And this despite the fact that total length all stages of the season, is 8,000 km.

Up to 100 km per hour, such a car accelerates in 1.7 s; in 3.8 s - up to 200 km; and in 8.6s from standstill - up to 300km per hour.

No less than acceleration, the brakes are also impressive here. Just imagine that from 100 km to 0, the carF1stops in just 1.4s, on a stretch of some 17m! From 200 to 0, such an aggregate slows down in 2.9s, in a section of 55m; and for a complete stop from 300 km per hour, you need only 4s.

Agree, these data are impressive! During extreme braking, the pilot experiences g-forces of 5g.

The maximum speed of a Formula 1 car is 340 km per hour.

The gearbox here is robotic, seven-speed, in a carbon case. Such a gearbox clicks gears in 20-40 milliseconds, and costs 130,000$. It is designed by the way for 6,000 km,— quite a few, given the resource of other units.

And by the way, for a specific race, the enginev10,equipped with various exhaust manifolds. This part has a direct impact on the power and elasticity of the engine.

• Results:

After each race, each car goes through a complete troubleshooting, and this is not just the desire of the team to win, but the requirement of the administrationF1.The stage is over, troubleshooting and disassembly of the racing beast is done,— back on the plane, and forward - to another corner of the world, because thisF1,and the show must go on.

The characteristics of the car are formed by the technical regulations, which are followed by the stewards of the International Motor Sport Federation.

A Formula 1 car is a carbon-fiber monoblock with 4 wheels located outside the body, of which the rear 2 are driven, and the front wheels are driven. The pilot is placed in a narrow cockpit (cockpit) in front of the car and controls it using the steering wheel and brake and gas pedals.

Although Formula 1 cars often exceed 300 km/h, according to absolute speed Formula 1 cannot be considered the fastest auto racing series in any way, since almost all engine parameters in it are significantly reduced (volume is limited, turbocharging is prohibited, etc.). However, by average speed on a circle of highway-ring racing (except for the so-called "ovals") Formula 1 has no equal. This is possible due to the very efficient brake system and aerodynamics. Brake Boosters and anti-lock brakes are prohibited.

Motor power 750-770 hp Air pre-cooling systems are prohibited. In addition, it is forbidden to supply anything other than air and fuel to the engine.

Starting with the 2009 season, Formula 1 cars are introducing Kinetic Energy Recovery (KERS) - a special device that allows you to accumulate the kinetic energy of the car in the places of braking, transferring it during acceleration. In this case, the specific principle of recovery is not prescribed in any way.

Tires are of great importance in Formula 1.

Unlike road cars, Formula 1 tires are not designed for durability (1 set is designed for no more than 200 kilometers), the main features are strength, light weight and grip. The key components of tires are rubber, nylon and polyester. In order to change the stiffness of rubber, the ratios of the parts added to it are regulated: carbon, sulfur and oil.

Front and rear tire size in evolution racing formulas constantly changed, now the front and rear tires different, the size of the front tires is limited in width from 305 to 355 mm, rear from 365 to 380 mm. At the same time, the total diameter cannot exceed 660 mm for tires for dry weather and 670 mm for wet weather. Measurements are made at a tire pressure of 1.4 bar. In accordance with paragraph 12.7.1 of the Formula 1 Technical Regulations, tires can only be filled with air or nitrogen.

Acceleration from standstill to 100 km/h: 1.7 sec.

Acceleration from zero to 200 km/h: 3.8 sec.

Acceleration from standstill to 300 km/h: 8.6 sec.

Maximum speed: about 340 km/h.

Braking from 100 km / h: 1.4 seconds and 17 meters of distance.

Braking from 200 km / h: 2.9 seconds and 55 meters of distance.

Braking from 300 km/h: 4 sec.

Pilot overload during braking: about 5G.

Downforce equal to the weight of the car is achieved at a speed of about 180 km / h.

Maximum downforce (maximum setting) at 300 km/h: approximately 3,000 kilograms.

Fuel consumption in competition mode: about 75 l/100 km.

The cost of each kilometer traveled: about $ 500.

Basic feature A Formula 1 car certainly counts as having downforce. It is she who allows cornering at speeds unattainable by any other sports cars. There is one remarkable point here: almost all turns the pilots just need to go at a very high speed so that the downforce can keep the car on the track, but if you throw it off, you can fly off the track because the downforce will become small.

On the last weekend of March, after a four-month hiatus, the best drivers The planets have restarted their engines for the first round of the new Formula 1 season, the Australian Grand Prix. The 2017 championship promises to be more spectacular thanks to new rules and technical regulations, which will lead to more overtaking, and new high-speed .

Some of the most interesting innovations are changes in the design of cars, among which more wide tires and wings designed to improve downforce and maximize traction, which provides more high speeds during cornering.

The new Formula 1 cars that hit the grid in Melbourne this year are nothing like early cars Alfa Romeo from the races of 1950, or the cars that the legendary Jackie Stewart aspired to his victories in the 60s and 70s. Today they are longer, lower, faster, and equipped with a huge amount: from active suspensions to various systems stability control.

Take a look at how Formula 1 racing cars have evolved over the past six decades:

World Championship Formula 1 officially started in 1950, and the cars of those years would be very difficult to recognize for a modern fan. In the first racing season, brand cars Alfa Romeo was not equal.

Photo: British Grand Prix, Silverstone (1950)

By the mid-1950s, engine size restrictions appeared in the racing rules, although at that time the teams had the opportunity to use turbines and all kinds of superchargers in engines. In 1958, new regulations required teams and their cars to burn standard gasoline fuel, instead of alcohol, which was used in those years.

Photo: Stirling Moss driving a Cooper car at Goodwood

In 1968, in an attempt to improve aerodynamic performance, it was popular among teams to use huge rear wings mounted on high struts. According to motorsport historian Don Capps, the idea was borrowed from US-Canadian Can-Am racing. That year was especially tragic, and claimed the lives of five pilots. Soon the leadership of the championship banned high wings and introduced new safety rules.

Photo: Rob Walker driving a Lotus car at the German Grand Prix

1970s gave Formula 1 more familiar format big amount technological innovations and increased speed. Mario Andretti won the championship in 1978 Formula 1 driving amazing Lotus 79 a car that used new aerodynamics, effectively turning the underside of the car into the equivalent of a huge wing for extra downforce.

Photo: Car Lotus 79

RS01 became the first modern car on which a turbocharger was installed, although according to the rules it was allowed to do this more than 10 years ago. Initial problems with the reliability of the technology gave the car the nickname "yellow kettle" due to periodically released clouds. white smoke. In 1979, the car showed itself to the fullest, after which the turbo technology was quickly adopted by other teams.

Photo: Renault RS01 car, Long Beach, California, 1978

In 1981 John Watson's car MP4 may not have looked revolutionary, but was the first racing car made as a one-piece composite monocoque carbon fiber, not metal. This design made the car incredibly light, rigid and strong. Despite concerns from teams about safety issues in collisions, this solution quickly became the standard in the construction of racing cars.

In 1983, extreme downforce was completely banned by the racing authorities. ground effect, in connection with which on fireballs like Brabham BMW BT52 Nelson Piquet, the bottom and sides have been modified. By that time, voracious turbo engines were installed in cars, so pit stops for refueling were reintroduced into the races. However, they did not last long, and were banned again in 1984.

The 80s was the era of the "turbo". By 1986, engine power had reached a record high, and in some versions exceeded 1300 Horse power. In an attempt to curb the insane power of Formula 1 engines and make racing safer, by the end of the 80s, restrictions on the allowable pressure of turbines were introduced, and in 1989 turbo engines were completely banned. The engines returned to impressive volumes of 3.5 liters with technologies in 8-12 cylinders.

Photo: Legendary driver Ayrton Senna in his McLaren MP4/5 at the 1989 British Grand Prix.

Almost a decade has passed without a tragic event in racing, when the outstanding racer Ayrton Senna on his Williams FW16 died in a crash at the San Marino Grand Prix in 1994. By that year, teams were widely using electronics in the design of cars, equipping cars with systems active suspension, power steering and semi-automatic transmission, and thus reducing the role of the pilot in the race. Senna's death provoked another series of technical bans from the leadership of the championship.

By the end of the 2000s, thanks to evenly matched and reliable cars, racing gradually lost its former dynamics and became boring for spectators. In response, the management again updated the rules, reducing the engine speed and allowing adjustable wings to change aerodynamics during the race.

Photo: Ferrari F150 during testing at the Ricardo Tormo circuit in Spain.

2014 saw a move to more modest 1.6-litre turbocharged six-cylinder engines. At the same time, the teams were allowed to use more advanced KERS kinetic energy recovery systems, which, during braking, accumulated the energy of a spinning wheel in order to use it later during accelerations.

Photo: Team car RB10 on winter tests in Jerez de la Fontera, Spain.

In season 2017 Special attention on the part of the race management, overtaking is given, in connection with which the cancellation of various aerodynamic restrictions for teams is associated. New Formula 1 cars They are even lower, more streamlined, and "re-shod" with wide tires, which allows them to get faster in the corners, and make racing more exciting for spectators. MP4-X, which the pilot can control even without a steering wheel . Such a extreme concept is hard to imagine nowadays, but the last 60 years show that technology Formula 1 do not stay in place for long.

Photo: McLaren MP4-X electric concept car. According to materials: Wired

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