Tesla Model S is an electric vehicle innovator with the ability to completely eliminate gasoline engines and arouse in a person the desire to travel in environmentally friendly vehicles. Tesla became the first car to provide evidence in favor of an electric car and cast doubt on the irreplaceability gasoline engine, which, as it turned out, is time to take its place in the museum.
Story
The Tesla Model S car first saw the world in 2012, being released by the then completely unknown North American company. Tesla Motors. The concept of this electric car was shown in 2009 in Germany in car showroom Frankfurt and already then attracted everyone's attention.
Car Features
The car moves thanks to a powerful electric motor. It is worth noting that technical properties and the performance of the Tesla Model S car is far ahead of many famous elite horses. Excellent performance, if we take into account the fact that this is a family-type sedan. Moreover, its safety, according to the results of the ongoing crash tests, was five stars. Tesla Model S named the most safe car 2013.
Vehicle Specifications:
- Weight - 2108 kg.
- Width - 1963 mm.
- Length - 4976 mm.
- Height - 1435 mm.
- Wheelbase- 2959 mm.
- Volume luggage compartment- 900 l.
Battery
The Tesla Model S battery contains a state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery with capacities ranging from 60kWh to 85kWh. This battery charge is enough to overcome 400 km. Thus, the car competes petrol car class S. The battery itself contains 16 nodes and is located on the bottom of the car, ensuring safety. This placement of the battery shifts the center of gravity of the car by 45 cm. When charging from a 220V household network in an hour, you can charge the battery with such an amount of charge that is enough for 50 km. It will take half an hour to fully charge the battery at a special station. It should be noted that the battery of an electric vehicle contains the highest charge density (such batteries are used in laptops). The source of long battery life lies in the application special device liquid cooling, which can also cool the motor.
Engine
The motor of the electric car is equipped with the latest three-phase motor alternating current. The engine was created on the basis of the laboratory Tesla Motors and its performance are second to none. The electric motor is defined in the rear axle of the car. The engine power is 416 hp. s., rotating period - 600 Nm. Besides, this car contains a durable transmission from Mercedes-Benz, which allows you to set the car's engine in motion thanks to a one-stage gearbox. Absolute speed: 209 / 201 / 193 km / h. Strength: 416 / 362 / 302 HP With. Run from 0 to 100 km / h: 4.4 / 5.4 / 5.9 s.
Cushioning and leading part
The cushioning and driving part of the Tesla Model S is saturated with cutting-edge innovations, this also applies to running car. Pneumatic suspensions allow you to raise or lower the car at the request of the owner. The rack and pinion steering contains an electric preamplifier. The rigidity of the control is regulated by the on-board computer. Available different variants control stiffness, ranging from hard for sports, ending with soft and comfortable for lovers of comfort.
Brake concept
exhaust brake discs and smart computer control of the parking brake make up a good brake system. However main feature this car is the regenerative braking concept. Thanks to her, the car is able to slow down with the help of a motor and change this force into electricity, while charging the batteries. This function very comfortable and practical. To activate the regenerative deceleration concept, the driver simply needs to slowly release the accelerator lever and the car immediately starts to slow down, converting the friction force into electricity.
Safety
It is impossible not to recall that the electric car is very comfortable and has a high level of safety. Tesla Model S has 8 airbags and a computer-controlled safety system that cuts off power in the event of an accident. In general, Tesla Model S has everything for your convenience and safety, and most importantly, it is an environmentally friendly car.
Having shown its hot novelty in autumn, the roadster Tesla of the second generation, and will encourage the automotive Internet public to discuss what happened, Tesla quickly went into the shadows, leaving no answer main question how much horsepower an extravagant hypercar develops.
But even then no answer was given to the most important question, about which Tesla was initially silent. What is the power of the Tesla Roadster II? The engineer from the States again tried to give an answer. Here's what happened.
The calculations used performance data freely available to the Palo Alto auto company itself, along with some estimates of mass, dynamics and other data that can be put into a formula for calculating engine power output. As a result, the estimated horsepower of an electric roadster does not disappoint, it could well match a 990 to 1,400 electric pony fork. That is, we can say for sure that there are 1 thousand horses in the novelty.
Elon Musk literally shocked automotive world during the presentation of two new products: Tesla roadster II and truck Semi . 10.000 Nm of torque is a serious reserve!
Jason in his video, as usual, talks in detail on the topic technical nuances car. As it turns out, under 10,000 Nm of torque, Tesla, on its official website, meant nothing more than torque at the wheels. That is, this torque is not developed by the engines, but increases gear ratio Checkpoint. This gives us a clue to calculate the output power and indirectly says that it definitely did not come from another planet. Miracles don't happen.
If we use a similar method for calculating the torque, it turns out that Dodge Challenger SRT Demon over 13.500 Nm of torque at the wheels…
At 1.40 minutes of the video, Fenske proves that the data presented by Tesla is actually meaningless, citing a 1 hp motor as an example. meshed with several gears, smaller and larger, with 100 and 1,000 teeth, respectively. With this ratio, the output torque at the wheels will correspond to 13.500 Nm! The only thing is that with such a transmission, the car will not be able to accelerate to a speed of more than 1 km / h.
At the 3rd minute of the video in terms of timing, the reasoning continues on the example of the fastest serial gasoline car- Dodge Demon.
972 Nm sequentially passing through the gears of the first gear of the gearbox and differential increase to approximately 14.000 Nm of torque. In second gear, the wheel readings will still be over 10,000 Nm of torque, and so on. By changing the sums of the terms, the result will not change.
Details Published: 03.10.2015 14:28
Electric cars began to fill the streets of New York en masse 100 years ago. But why are they still not popular all over the world? The answer is simple - at that time there were not enough powerful batteries. With the development of battery technology, large capacity appeared, and quite a long time ago. Decades ago, at various exhibitions and in news stories, prototypes began to catch the eye electric cars which were quite effective and practical. Each of these new products had something unique and innovative, some manufacturers even launched them in mass production and set affordable prices for buyers. But why are cars with gasoline engines still the main means of transportation?
That's because at that time there was no electric car that could make a revolution. All electric cars were touted in narrow circles of geeks, but did not find recognition among ordinary people. Were family models who could save money, but there was no supercar, notebooks on the cover with which schoolchildren would sweep off the shelves and which boys dreamed of from an early age. In the world of electric cars, there was no iPhone and no Steve Jobs to develop it. There was no electric car with “wow!” effect.
Start
Now such a revolutionary car exists. Meet the Tesla Model S. Changing the world for the better, this full-size five-door luxury liftback began in 2012. The ideological father of the project is the American engineer and entrepreneur Elon Musk, who in 2009 presented the Model S prototype to the whole world at Frankfurt Motor Show. Today, few people remember how many problems preceded this presentation, Tesla Motors was even on the verge of bankruptcy. However, Musk believed in the idea serial electric vehicle to the end, invested all his savings and was able to find investors. And later his efforts paid off: the first limited edition of 1,000 copies worth about $100,000 each sold like hot cakes!
Such a fantastic success is not surprising, since until now Tesla remains an electric car with largest stock mileage without recharging, accelerates to 100 km / h in, for a minute, 2.8 seconds !!! (meaning the top version of the Modes S P85D with Ludicrous mode), and also has the title of the safest vehicle on the roads in the USA. Reality surpassed all expectations. For the first time in 10 years of existence, Tesla Motors has made a profit, paid off all debts and increased the production of Model S. By this time, about 50,000 of these electric cars drive around the world.
In fact best electric car in the world, Tesla Model S is today a leader not only in the category of electric cars. So, for example, according to the results of 2013 in the USA, the model became the best-selling luxury sedan, ahead of, in particular, the BMW 7 Series and Mercedes-Benz S-class, and in Norway, thanks to state support for electric vehicles, Model S generally became the best-selling car in September 2013, ahead of this not weak competitor like a Volkswagen Golf.
What electric motor does Tesla Model S have
Under the hood, the Tesla does not have an engine, but a small trunk. According to the laws of automotive logic, if the trunk is designed in front, then the engine is in the back. But everything is not so simple here, because in the back of the car there is also a luggage compartment, but already much larger, there is enough space even for installing two additional child seats or placing a bicycle.
Rear wheel drive models
Electric motor designers placed over rear axle, and visually "do not touch it". A three-phase asynchronous electric machine with four poles is connected directly to the rear-wheel drive without a gearbox and transmission as such. In the top configuration, its power is 310 kW or 416 horsepower, and the maximum torque that can it develop, reaches 600 N m. At the same time, the engine is capable of delivering up to 16,000 rpm, which allows the car to move at speeds up to 210 km / h. Also, during energy recovery, it can work as a generator when the driver releases the accelerator pedal and the car begins to slow down.In general, the rear-wheel drive Model S was originally produced in three trim levels: 60, 85 and P85. Depending on this, the engine power was respectively 225 kW, 280 kW, and in the Performance version as much as 310 kW. Since April 2015, the company has stopped model release S 60 and replaced base model on the Model S 70D.
All-wheel drive models
In October 2014, Tesla announced modifications to the S-ki with all-wheel drive, which contain two electric motors each. One, as before, remained on rear axle, while the other drives the front wheels separately. Thus, in the P85 model, another motor appeared on the front axle, the power of which was 221 hp. s., which in total with the rear, more powerful engine is almost 700 liters. With. Now acceleration to 100 km / h has become possible in 3.2 seconds, which is faster than in Porsche Panamera Turbo S! Also increased maximum speed, which is now 249.5 km / h. Other versions were installed on the front wheels of 188 "horses". All four-wheel drive modifications received the suffix "D" and became known as 70D, 85D and P85D. Interestingly, the distribution of the load on the axles was almost uniform and in early models, but in the new P85D it has become close to ideal - 50:50.
Tesla engineers did not stop there and in July 2015 the company introduced new versions of the Model S - 70, 90, 90D and P90D, along with an optional "ludicrous mode" ("ridiculous" mode), which allows you to accelerate to "hundreds" in 2.8 seconds. Now the P90D combines 259 horsepower(193 kW) front axle and 503 horsepower (375 kW) rear axle giving total power 762 HP (568 kW). You can upgrade the car and install the "ludicrous" mode for $10,000.
What battery does a Tesla electric car have
All Model S are far from the lightest, the weight of each car is about 2 tons. Although the body elements are made of lightweight aluminum, but total mass car significantly increases accumulator battery. It is located under the floor and includes more than 7,000 modern lithium ion cells manufactured by Japanese Panasonic. Depending on the configuration, its power can reach 70 kWh or 85 kWh. Actually, this is where the names of a number of Tesla modifications came from. Less powerful is designed to cover a distance of 335 km on one fully charged, on the other you can drive 426 km.
Placing such a heavy battery down between the wheelbase significantly shifts the center of gravity, which makes the car more stable when cornering. Separate lithium-ion modules are not evenly placed in the battery, but are compacted closer to the middle, which has a positive effect on the inertia of the S-ki about the vertical axis. Also in the battery there is another useful feature: it strengthens the body structure and stiffens its frame. The developers took into account the sad experience of several cars from the first batch, when the “gas tank” was pierced due to a collision with the bottom of hard objects, and installed a special titanium plate to protect the battery from damage.
In July 2015, Tesla Motors introduced a range upgrade that increases battery capacity to 90 kWh, which can be equipped (for additional fee) top versions 85D and P85D. The developers explained the possibility of such an improvement in efficiency by "optimizing the chemical processes in the cell." The new batteries increased the range on a single charge by 6%.
Charging stations Tesla Supercharger
Stations fast charging allow you to replenish the energy reserves of Tesla electric vehicles at a power of up to 120 kW, bypassing the basic 10-kilowatt (or additional - 20 kW) inverter. According to Tesla developers, Superchargers charge electric car batteries many times faster than charging stations other types. The result of such express charging is very impressive - 50% charge Battery Model S replenishes in just 20 minutes, and 80% in 40 minutes. A 75-minute full "refuel" may seem a little long, but Tesla assures that stops at long journeys a common thing: people often warm up, have a snack or take a shower.
A network of Superchargers that are powered by solar panels, constantly growing: at the end of 2015 in North America There are already 220 of them, and in Europe - 180. The company's management says that refueling for Tesla car owners will always be completely free. This stimulates the use of electric vehicles around the world. And, of course, Superchargers are open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
How to drive a Tesla car
The driver will first be unusual behind the wheel and will have to get used to the features of the electric car. But these features differ in better side, so you can get used to it with pleasure. For example, Model S does not start, but is turned on by pressing the brake pedal. But that's not the first thing that draws attention, because the first thing that catches the eye is the large 17-inch display located to the right of the steering wheel.
IN Tesla Motors decided to minimize the number of buttons and mechanical elements management, instead put it all on one touch screen. Only on the steering wheel and steering column left a few mechanical buttons, turn and wiper switches, as well as a handle for the front and reversing. There is another screen behind the wheel, which displays information about the charge and temperature of the battery, the remaining mileage, speed, etc. There are only two pedals at the bottom, in most cases you have to use only one of them - the accelerator. Brakes are only needed emergency cases, since when the gas pedal is released, the car “brakes the engine”, and there is no clutch at all.
Unlike other electric vehicles, Tesla Model S is suitable for people who are going to move not only around the city, but also on more long journeys. Fans of gadgets will also like it, since you can control the state of the car from your smartphone. Due to its luxurious design and expensive cost, the machine is in demand by businessmen and people with high incomes, at the same time, due to high level safety and the possibility of installing two additional seats for children, family trips will also be as comfortable as possible. And finally, the Tesla Model S is the choice of progressive people who care about questions. environment and who are ready for an early transition to the transport of the future.
Video: Tesla Model S P85 test drive
Table specifications Tesla Model S
| Short description | Technology | BEV (Battery Electric vehicle) | |
| Direct deliveries to Ukraine | No | ||
| Price in salons | $75 000 - $105 000 * | ||
| Power | /362/416/762 HP* | ||
| Fuel type | Electricity | ||
| Charging time | Charging from household AC power: 110V for 1 hour replenishes 8 km of the path 220V for 1 hour replenishes 50 km of the way Charging at Supercharger fast charging stations in 1 hour 500 km. |
||
| Power reserve | 225/320/426/426 km * (depending on battery capacity) | ||
| Body | Type | Sedan | |
| Design | Carrier | ||
| Class | sport sedan | ||
| Number of seats | 5 | ||
| Number of doors | 4 | ||
| Dimensions, weights and volumes | Length | mm | 4976 |
| Width | mm | 1963 | |
| Height | mm | 1435 | |
| Wheelbase | mm | 2959 | |
| Wheel track | front/rear mm | 1661 /1699 | |
| Clearance | mm | 154.9 | |
| Curb weight | kg | 2108 * | |
| Trunk volume | liter | 900 | |
| Performance characteristics | Max Speed | km/h | 225/249* |
| Acceleration 0 -100 km/h | With | 5,2/4,4/3,2/2,8* | |
| Power reserve | km | up to 426* | |
| Engine | Type | Asynchronous (induction type) three-phase electric motor alternating current | |
| Fuel type | electricity | ||
| Model | The electric motor of own production is used | ||
| Max. power | 259/315/362/503 HP* | ||
| Max. torque | 420/430/440/600 Nm* | ||
| Traction battery | Type | lithium ion | |
| Capacity | kWh | 70/85/90* | |
| Transmission | type of drive | Rear/All wheel drive | |
| Transmission | Single stage gearbox | ||
| Constant gear ratio | 9.73 | ||
| Chassis | Steering | rack and pinion with electric booster | |
| Suspension | front / rear | dependent / independent | |
| Brake system | ventilated brake discs are used in combination with electronic drive parking brake and regenerative braking system | ||
| Tires | -Goodyear Eagle RS-A2 245/45R19 (standard 19-inch) -Continental Extreme Contact DW 245/35R21 (optional 21-inch) |
||
| Safety | Number of airbags | 8 | |
| Airbags | Side airbags for the driver and front passenger, side curtain airbags for the first and second row of seats, frontal airbags for the head and knees of the driver and front passenger | ||
| Auxiliary braking systems | Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) | ||
| Other | Crash cut off battery sensor, immobilizer, seat belts, autopilot, etc. | ||
Nikola Tesla - legendary creator in the field of electrical and radio engineering, creator of alternating current. In his honor, in 2003, a company was opened for the production of cars that run on electricity.
Specifications
Founder car company Tesla became Elon Musk, JB Strobel and Mark Tarpenning. First of all, the founders of the company needed to develop powerful electric motor and batteries to power the drive wheels. It took almost 3 years to create the first prototype of the car.
First electric car Tesla roadster was presented on July 19, 2006. The presentation of the car was successful, but the sporty electric car had a number of shortcomings. 2009, the 5-door Model S was presented, the engines of which are installed on vehicles to this day with minor modifications.
Technical characteristics of the Tesla electric vehicle power unit:
Maintenance and operation
Maintenance of the power unit begins with the diagnosis of the performance of the electric motor, which is directly connected to electronic unit driving. If errors are found, then the wizards find the immediate cause. Service and Maintenance Tesla engines should be carried out at a certified station, since only they have necessary equipment for all repair and diagnostic and recovery operations.
Faults and repairs
Repairs, like maintenance, should be carried out on special equipment from specialists. Basic and frequent malfunctions is a rapid loss of battery life. The first Tesla models had too little energy, and therefore there was a high probability of "getting stuck" on the track.
Another fact is a malfunction in the autopilot system. This problem caused the death of American citizen Joshua Brown in 2016. Investigation of the causes of the accident showed that the autopilot does not see the transverse traffic. This bug is under improvement.
funny facts
Whatever a person does, another person is able to change and modernize it. Same with the secret ones. automotive technology. Jason Hughes is a big fan of Tesla and the company's electric vehicles. But he likes not only to ride such electric vehicles, but also to know how they work. Jason is a fairly well-known figure in the Tesla fan community. For example, it was he who managed to extract some data about a new model of an electric car from the updated firmware of a car. More specifically, we are talking about the discovery of the entry "P100D" in Tesla firmware 7.1.
But now he has achieved much more. He was able to get a rear-wheel drive Tesla Model S and learned how to drive it. Where the drive came from, Hughes does not say, but this is not so important. Much more importantly, he was able to gain complete control over all the functions of this node.
The first step in this complex project was to power up the drive while sniffing the CAN bus to detect individual control commands. It took about 12 hours, but in the end, the motor was able to turn. The master had to tinker - not only did the data of the engine work have to be decrypted, but Jason also wrote special software to control his work. At this stage, it was only a matter of getting the engine running. It took him another 3 hours to intercept and decrypt the CAN commands.
After that, things got easier - Hughes managed to find a complete package of control commands. For example, he was able to connect a water cooling system, and put it into action while the drive was running (in a certain mode of operation, the system declared a speed of 188 kilometers per hour). The engine was also able to be put into power generation mode. The energy recovery system introduced by Tesla engineers allows you to use the car's engine as a generator during braking. Now James can set various parameters for powering the engine and generating energy for it at its discretion.
As a result, he even managed to create his own control board rear wheel drive. Interestingly, the motor was removed from the car with firmware 7.1, which included a number of security circuits to prevent tampering with normal work systems. But Jason managed to get around these obstacles.
The most difficult task was to make the engine obey the commands of a homemade controller, but this, too, turned out to be within the power of the craftsman. According to him, he literally collected his board from garbage. In order to protect the engine, the master used a relatively low amperage. This isn't the first time Tesla's Model S engine has been hacked. Eleven months earlier, another hack, Jack Rickard, also managed to make an electric motor obey commands from a controller of his own invention. But here we are talking about using only the engine and the controller.
It is worth remembering that the updated model of the Tesla Model S electric car comes with a 70 kWh battery, which actually has a capacity of 75 kWh, but part of the battery, so to speak, is software-locked. The company has been selling these cars for a month, and only now it became known. How can the owner of such a machine get 5 extra kWh? It's very simple - pay $3250 for "unlock".
The upgrade process is completely software-based, and is performed "over the air". Employees of the company need physical access to the car only to change the Tesla Model S 70 badge to the Tesla Model S 75 badge (done at the service center). The company's idea is simple, albeit a little strange - to allow Tesla Model S 70 buyers to pay $ 3,000 less than Tesla Model S 75 buyers. And the hardware for both models is exactly the same. The company reasoned that not everyone needed the increased battery capacity, and those who did not need it were allowed to pay less. The difference in the distance that both models can drive autonomously is about 35 km.
By the way, not so long ago, for the same Tesla Model S, a special software, which allows the driver to control the car with the help of the "power of thought". With mental commands, you can make the car drive a little forward or turn on reverse gear. In this case, the signals of the electrical activity of the brain are read using a special helmet. Signals are analyzed special program, after which they are transferred to on-board computer to drive a vehicle.
Conclusion
The Tesla engine is a representative of electrical automotive engines, which is the most powerful electric motor in the world. Maintenance and repairs are carried out only in the conditions of a car service. This will help you avoid trouble.
Tesla Model 3 will use the latest modification batteries from the Tesla Gigafactory
Tesla is going to install batteries in its new Tesla Model 3 electric vehicles, which are now being produced at the Gigafactory in Nevada. New power units, as the company promises, will be more powerful and efficient. The converter was designed from the ground up, previous models, which worked in the same Tesla Model S, are not used. Everything is new here, including the semiconductor elements of the system. The company's engineers managed to reduce the number of unique inverter elements by about 25%, which makes the design cheaper.
In addition, Model 3 received a 435-horsepower electric motor. This was announced by the technical director of Tesla. This is even more than the BMW M3, which has a three-liter six-cylinder twin-turbo engine (maximum - 431 hp). Thanks to powerful motor the slowest modification of the model can accelerate to 96 kilometers per hour in just 6 seconds. The older model with advanced Ludicrous Mode will take just 4 seconds to accelerate to this speed. 
Inverter Electronics (IGFET)
The company's engineers have been working on the creation of a new Model 3 inverter with a capacity of 320 kW for several months. The inverter design uses TO-247 insulated gate bipolar transistors. These electronic components were used in the design of the inverter for Tesla Model X and Tesla Model S. Production of inverters has already started, and production lines for other components have also been launched, as the company plans to deliver about 500,000 electric vehicles by 2018.
Without recharging new model will be able to drive from 340 to 400 kilometers, which is very good. Initially, a version with a power reserve of 340 kilometers will be supplied to the market, after which a model with a battery capacity of 80 kWh will appear. With this battery, the electric car will be able to cover 480 kilometers. In addition, the novelty receives an autopilot. And although he will not turn the electric car into a robotic car, the assistance to the motorist will be quite serious.
Now the company is already testing its new electric vehicle. For example, recently just such a model was photographed in one of service centers companies. By appearance it is no different from the demo.
Shipping Model 3 to customers will begin no earlier than the end of 2017. Pre-orders for an electric car were received several times more than planned - by this moment more than 375 thousand. It is unclear whether Tesla Motors is capable of handling such a load without missing deadlines. It is possible that there will be delays. Model X problems were still in the first quarter - instead of 4500 electric vehicles, the company was able to deliver 2400. Nevertheless, Elon Musk promises to gradually increase production capacity so that customers of all electric vehicle models receive their vehicles just in time.
