Frontal impact on a fixed obstacle or mutual head-on collision of cars leave little chance for their drivers and passengers to get away with it. Here the collision mechanics and the role of existing systems salvation. And also, a new active solution is proposed, effective for the case when back seat is empty.
There are two people in the car. One is fastened, the other is not. A head-on collision occurs and the second flies out, breaking windshield, makes a somersault in the air and flops to the ground. Moves and groans. Inspector arrived at the scene of the accident traffic police reprimands him: “You see what slovenliness leads to! You lie here all bloodied, beaten, there is no living place. And your friend is sitting in the car, clean, tidy. Well, just like alive ... "
1. Jokes are jokes, but in frontal collisions, conventional fixed-length seat belts do not live up to their name, only exacerbating the situation. But everything is in order. In head-on collisions, the speeds of cars and the occupants eventually drop to zero. But it happens in different ways. For people, there are three dangerous factors, each of which, individually, can be detrimental:
- hit
- pressure
- mechanical damage
Usually, they happen in this order.
1) Shock during a sudden stop of the vehicle has a kinematic nature. He is stronger than more speed the vehicle at the time of the collision and the shorter the time until the vehicle stops. The human body, moving by inertia, runs into a torpedo, steering wheel, Windshield and other elements of the car interior. It is blows against them that inflict external and internal injuries. The acceleration that body parts experience when hitting a torpedo is much greater than the acceleration of the vehicle itself during the collision.
Instead of force, acceleration (deceleration) is used to characterize a blow, and its lethal value is considered to be 100g.
Fixed-length seat belts are also an obstacle, a sharp blow against which is no better than any other.
2) If the car stops not as if rooted to the spot, but after the blow has taken place inside the cabin, then the situation is somewhat different. The body is pressed against the torpedo until the vehicle stops completely. It exerts pressure on the torpedo, and the torpedo on it. Pressure creates overload, which occurs with the acceleration of the vehicle. That is, significantly less acceleration of impact. In a centrifuge, for example, an astronaut can withstand a short-term pressure of tens of g without any consequences.
3) If the collision is too strong, then the car breaks into a cake. Breaking the safety cage leads to mechanical damage tel. This factor will not be considered further.
2. Thus, security engineers have two main tasks:
- stretch the collision process over time,
- Convert shock to pressure.
I) The role of collapsible crumple zones is key to the chances of survival in a frontal collision. By sacrificing themselves, they buy the time needed to effective work all other rescue systems. And also, they allow to reduce the overload of the body at the stage of pressure. On average, the potential for programmable creasing in the front is 30-50 cm, no more. In fact, this is quite a lot, as it allows you to stretch the duration of the collision by 3-4 times.
We emphasize that by themselves deformation zones without airbags and inertial belts, nothing is given to save a person. In a frontal impact against a concrete wall, for example, the car will stop before the body, moving by inertia, reaches the torpedo! Therefore, the impact will be of maximum force, regardless of the presence or absence of a deformation zone. This fact is not given due attention and not everyone is aware of the real benefits of the zones.
Let's take an example. The speed of the car before the collision is 54 km/h, the deformation of the front end is 11 cm. Then the collision time is 0.015 sec, the deceleration of the car is 100g. The body during this time flew forward only 23 cm, and the car is already standing. And it, continuing to move by inertia, crashes into the torpedo with all its dope.
Now let's take a car with a crumple zone. Its crushing in a collision under the same conditions will be 40 cm. Now the impact time is 0.053 sec, i.e. 3.5 times more, and the deceleration of the car dropped to 30g. The passenger's head will fly forward 80 cm, but still crash into a torpedo or glass with its entire speed of 54 km / h. No difference.
II) To convert impact into pressure, you need to use the space between the body and the torpedo. Do not wait for the impact to occur, but get ahead of it by placing an air cushion. When deflated, it gradually dampens the speed of the body, creating pressure with an acceptable deceleration.
The same task is performed by inertial seat belts. They do not stand to death, but are able to gradually bleed the tape under the pressure of the body.
Note that these systems have only about half a meter (for the chest) and a meter (for the head) of free space at their disposal, where smooth deceleration of body parts can occur. By increasing this distance and adjusting pillows and belts to fit it, one can improve their saving qualities.
3. Pyro-kinematic chair (PKK)
Here is an idea new system active safety, which can increase survival in a frontal collision at times! True, it has a significant limitation. Namely, it is intended only for the driver and front passenger. And even then, when the rear sofa is empty and its seat can be raised. According to statistics, most out-of-town and intercity trips are carried out alone or together. And it is on such trips that the most abundant harvest is gathered from the one and a half million victims who annually go to better world through cars. Not to mention the millions of survivors who remain disabled. Therefore, such a system is very relevant.
So, 60-80 cm of space behind the front seats can be used if something happens. It would be optimal if, in anticipation of frontal impact the front seats will be quickly thrown back to the stop. This can be achieved with a squib. And after a frontal impact, the seats along the guides return to their original position. With braking friction braking. This is the salutary quality of the system. The technologies needed to create it have long existed in the aerospace industry.
The problem is different. The squib should work a little earlier than air bag. At least 0.1-0.2 seconds earlier. With an acceleration of 60g, you can throw the chair back 70 cm in 0.15 seconds. And this requires the creation of a smart predictive collision detector. At a speed of two cars approaching each other at 200 km/h, the detector should work at a distance of 8 meters between them, which is quite realistic.
Note that this system, having a passive frictional quality, can effectively stop the consequences of a strong blow to the car from behind.
The most terrible of all types of traffic accidents is a head-on collision of cars. Can it be avoided and what should be done to achieve this?
Causes of head-on collisions
Most often, such accidents occur due to neglect of the rules for overtaking, followed by accidents that arose due to loss of control vehicle, and the driver's sleep at the wheel closes the top three causes of head-on collisions.
Next, ways to avoid head-on collisions in each of the above cases will be considered in detail, and the recipes for saving from similar situations will be provided not for the perpetrators of traffic accidents, but for those drivers in whose lane an oncoming car suddenly appeared.
Violation of the rules for overtaking
are violated due to either inexperience or excessive self-confidence of the driver of the car.
Performing overtaking and driving into the oncoming lane, such an unfortunate driver suddenly realizes that there is no way to interrupt or complete the maneuver in order to return to his lane.
What to do in such cases to the driver, towards whom the overtaking car rushes?
If distance permits, reduce your speed to a minimum to allow the reckless or inexperienced novice to complete the overtake and return to your lane. It is also advisable to inform him of your presence with the help of sound and light signals.
This is exactly what most drivers do on a subconscious level. And if the distance to the oncoming car is too small?
In this case, the only way out of a critical situation is to exit to the side of the road. Be careful, because the driver of an oncoming car can perform a similar maneuver.
If you notice that it is moving to the edge of the roadway in the direction of the curb, continue to move in your lane, continuing the emergency braking.
Uncontrolled skid
Departure for oncoming lane driving on a wet or icy road is dangerous because its driver is unable to change the nature of the movement of an uncontrolled car.
In this case, the outcome of the emergency largely depends on the composure and literacy of the driver of the car moving towards him in his lane.
The procedure depends on how close the skidding car is to you.
If it is relatively far away, it is enough to slow down and start to slow down smoothly, while continuing to carefully monitor the trajectory of the oncoming car.
The fact is that a car that has fallen into a skid, after a rather short period of time, will either stop or, in extreme cases, it will be blown off the road to the side of the road.
If an uncontrolled vehicle is quite close to you, but it has just begun to drift into your lane, in such a situation it is not worth slowing down - it is better to accelerate by pressing the accelerator pedal in order to have time to jump out of the zone of a possible impact.
If the oncoming car takes out directly at you and at the same time it occupies your entire lane, the only salvation from a mutual blow will be to go to right shoulder or in a ditch.
Asleep driver
Most often, truck drivers fall asleep from overwork. As a result, a multi-ton truck rushes along the oncoming lane, not in a hurry to leave it.
In such cases, there is still little hope that the sleeping driver will be able to wake up using sound and light signals, but you should not abuse and pull to the last, it is better to take care of your own safety and passengers in advance.
If the distance allows, it is best to pull over to the side of the road, stop the car and get out of it as soon as possible.
When there is not enough time and space, for your own salvation, it is better to pull over to the side of the road, and then into a ditch.
There is another option to disperse with an uncontrolled truck on the right sides, but it requires composure and driving skills.
At the same time, where is the guarantee that at the moment when you go around the truck in the oncoming lane, its driver will not wake up and turn the steering wheel to the right, trying to return the truck to its lane.
Good luck to you! Not a nail, not a wand!
So, is it possible to avoid such an unpleasant event or is it still inevitable? Here we will try to answer this very ambiguous question. At the very least, we'll try to figure out how to make it less likely.
So, if you believe the statistics, the causes of an accident, we can conclude that it is possible to avoid it in the vast majority of cases. According to this very exact science, only in 3% of cases of their total number this would not have been possible with any actions.
Agree, it pleases. So in 97% of cases it is still possible to do something. But as you understand, the above statistics distinguishes already completed accidents into two groups. Worse with the other - there is no data on how many accidents still managed to be avoided. Let me explain. At first glance, the encouraging statistics that there are very few unavoidable accidents turn out to be not so good. Because For one reason or another, these accidents still happened. And even, on the contrary, it turns out that in 97% of cases it was possible to avoid the sad consequences, but this, unfortunately, did not happen. Maybe the drivers didn’t have enough skill, maybe the equipment failed.
Thus, the question branches into two directions:
- how to prevent such cases;
- how to avoid a collision.
It's all about technology!
It may not look as categorical as it really is, but, nevertheless, this is an important aspect of security. And there are many options. Naturally, we will not go into details and consider all options for influencing technical condition car for accidents in motion. Moreover, many malfunctions do not affect, such as exhaust toxicity. I want to tell the readers of MirSovetov about the most obvious and significant of them. It's easy to guess that greatest influence provides the braking system.
Let's look at it a little wider than it is done in a driving school. When the driver acts on the brake pedal, the pads brake the wheels, and the latter, due to the grip of the tires with pavement- the whole car. Each element in this chain is extremely important. Is the main brake cylinder, are the brake hoses whether the working cylinders are working, the operation of the brakes depends on all this. But not their effectiveness, which mainly depends on other factors. Namely, from the tightness of the hydraulic drive system and the applied brake fluid, from the state brake pads and discs (drums), as well as the condition of the tires. The latter are essential elements active safety car.
What exactly does “active safety element” mean? Simply put, this is an element that will help you directly avoid danger. "Element passive safety” is the element that protects people in the event of a collision. For example. Active safety elements: tires, brake system, suspension (chassis elements), power steering (power steering) and other power steering; anti-lock system brakes (ABS); system electronic distribution braking force, etc. Passive safety - predicted places of deformation of the body (energy-absorbing body); airbags (airbag); seat belt pretensioners; safety trim design, etc.
So the tires should not only be not very worn out and not have defects, but also be the same on all wheels. And to top it off with the season.
Braking methods vary depending on the seasons, current road conditions and the presence or absence of ABS. It is important to understand one thing - unreasonable hard braking, as well as delay with braking can be cause of the accident. In addition, skid braking without ABS tends to cause the vehicle to skid. without ABS on slippery road you need to brake intermittently. With such a system - do not repeat the same experience. ABS involves a single and strong impact on the brake.
Oddly enough, but a stalled car is also a source of increased accidents. Why? Any unforeseen and unexpected actions on the road are a potential danger. If the car suddenly stopped, then this will create an unforeseen and very emergency. Therefore, the health of the engine must be carefully monitored. Not to mention the obvious things like caring for undercarriage and optics. By the way, even the cleanliness of glass, mirrors, lights and headlights is also very important, especially in dark time days. Moreover, it is useful to turn on the dipped headlights even in daylight hours days with good visibility. This allows you to designate a car that becomes more noticeable (it is detected faster), and the detection distance increases noticeably, i.e. a car with headlights on is noticeable from afar.
It is also necessary to take into account the color of your iron friend. The best perception of two colors - white and red (yellow). White becomes less visible in winter, because. merges with snow. If you are the owner of a “dark horse”, then the detection rate of your car, especially when it is dark, is much lower than that of light counterparts. True, if you already have a car, then nothing can be done, you just need to take it into account.
Very dangerous moment when only one headlight is on. Then it is difficult for others to decide whether it is a motorcycle or a car. And if the latter, then on which side does it have a “continuation”, because I don't know if it's a left or right headlight. We must beware of the "one-eyed" and take as much to the right as possible. And, of course, not to allow "one-eyedness" in your "horse".
The most important determining factor in most situations, as you understand, is, of course, the driver. And it depends on his decisions, I'm not afraid of this word, everything! So let's talk about what a driver can do.
Your driving behavior
By driving, we take responsibility not only for ourselves, but also for those around us - passengers, other road users, including pedestrians. These obligations arise from the definition of the vehicle as a source of increased danger.Therefore, it is necessary to be very careful and reverent in everything. And you need to start from the very beginning - from the way you get behind the wheel. And you should sit down in a healthy state, rested and calm. Your behavior on the road, quality and speed of reaction depend on it. I hope that telling you that you should not take alcoholic beverages (even weak ones, because they also greatly reduce the reaction), a number of medications, etc., is not required.
The second is how you sit. And you need to do this, on the one hand, so that it is convenient. This prevents muscle strain and reduces overall fatigue. But, on the other hand, it is not very imposing, so that over-relaxation does not occur. Only proper fit allows you to see correctly traffic situation and correctly evaluate it. The point here is that the vestibular apparatus of a person works correctly only with a vertical position of the body.
Okay, sit down. Don't forget to buckle up and keep an eye on the passengers. Believe me, this not only saves you from fines, but also significantly increases your safety.
And here, out of habit, you turn on the music in such a way that the rest can be content with just that. It's up to you, of course. But this, firstly, loads your psyche, and, secondly, deprives you of some information. For example, you will not hear the noise of an approaching car in the neighborhood, and it is quite possible that you will not hear warning signals. Try to manipulate everyone auxiliary systems when stopping at traffic lights, etc.
Also, some aromas of “perfumes” can adversely affect the psyche. Try to avoid harsh and irritating odors in the car, as this can lead to fatigue and/or allergic reactions. It will be extremely unpleasant if you, for example, constantly sneeze.
Everything, let's go! But wait, how do you keep your hands on the wheel? And in general, do you keep your hands on it? This is also extremely important! Hands, with the exception of manipulations with the controls, must always be on the steering wheel. It takes a fraction of a second to return even one hand to the steering wheel. Nonsense, you say, and you will be wrong! If you need to perform an emergency maneuver, these fractions of a second may not be enough. And turning the steering wheel with one hand to the required angle, and quickly, is not realistic.
Not to mention the complete release of the steering wheel from the hands when driving. Front wheel can run into an obstacle (stone, pit, etc.) and the steering wheel will spontaneously turn out at a certain angle, the car will suddenly change direction for you and others. And God forbid a flat tire! Then the only salvation secure fixation steering with two hands. This is especially true for those who do not have power steering (GUR). The power steering takes the hit, saving your hands from injury.
When moving, try not to constantly look at one point. This, firstly, greatly tires your eyesight, and secondly, deprives you of useful information. Moreover, it is necessary not only to drive with your eyes, but also to turn your head. Look in the mirror, occasionally dashboard. Browse carriageway through the windshield, if possible, capturing both curbs. Only without fanaticism! Don't look in mirrors, at gauges or at roadsides - you may miss the braking moment of the vehicle in front or the moment of wedging in front of you. In the event of an accident, you will be at fault for not maintaining a safe distance.
Even before leaving the parking lot, check the condition of the brakes and the quality of the grip of the wheels with the coating. What? Unwrapped? This means that the brakes are working, and the road is slippery (if there is no ABS, because with the presence of this, the car does not skid). Be extremely vigilant. Consider also the fact that cold brakes are ineffective, and cold tires need to be broken in. Yes, yes, it was in the run-in, because during parking, the lower part of the tire is deformed.
The biggest danger is the slippery road. And not only the icy road can be slippery. wet road also much more slippery than dry. Do not rely on tires and spikes, rely only on yourself! Keep a decent distance from the vehicle in front. Watch out for lovers to wedge in. Keep sufficient intervals (distance between sides). Especially at intersections where icing (overruns) is formed due to braking / acceleration. When starting or braking slippery surface drift may occur. Moreover, skidding occurs most often when starting off, and on the front when braking (if you sharply throw off the gas). Moreover, skidding can occur not only with you, but also with the “neighbors”.
And the most important thing. Choose your speed wisely! For example, on snow or on bare ice, no studs will prevent collisions with a lack of distance, which occurs at too high a speed and low braking dynamics.
When the road is slippery, it is necessary to become a strategist, i.e. learn to predict the situation. And for this you need to see the situation well and have experience. But experience, as the famous poet well noted, is the son of difficult mistakes. God grant that these mistakes do not have deplorable consequences. And the most interesting. And how to accumulate this experience? There is only one answer - only practice! And here is where the fun begins. Let's call on mathematics, namely the theory of probability. So it says that the more attempts, the higher the probability of an event. Shifting this to our topic, we get. How more trips we commit, the higher the likelihood of getting into an unpleasant situation. But on the other hand, even unpleasant situations are also experiences. And then the opposite happens more experience the less likely you are to get into an accident. And what is most interesting is that the accident rate depends on experience approximately as shown in the graph.
Beginners (point #1 on the chart) get into trouble due to lack of experience, but they tend to drive carefully and carefully. Then the accident rate drops, because a desired experience appears (point No. 2). But the “excess” of experience can also be harmful if a person, considering himself an ace, loses vigilance and caution (point No. 3). Therefore, you can not relax and rely only on your experience. There are others, incl. very inexperienced drivers. Remember - there is no limit to improvement! We must try to convert the above graph into the following form. 
Feel free to admit your mistakes and work on them. In no case do not engage in self-deception and complacency. I repeat, the most dangerous time is the off-season and winter, when the weather is changeable and the grip of tires with the road surface is just as changeable.
Dangerous situations on the road
In the off-season problems in road traffic spare at least. And not everyone is good at adapting to them. Someone has not yet “changed their shoes”, someone does not know how to adapt to the road, to weather conditions. And you, as a hardened rider, already know and know how, and this is not a problem for you. It is a pity, but this knowledge and skills do not always save from other inexperienced colleagues on the road. Therefore, advice: if there is no emergency, then it is better to wait out such periods, whatever your experience. Let the rest of the participants gain experience and get used to the situation. At the very least, it is desirable to reduce the number of trips. By the way, for the same reason, it is undesirable to travel on the most emergency day of the week - Monday. Many after the weekend weaned from the car, and, given Russian specifics many are in a precarious state of health. A little distracted, let's continue. And when, finally, the rather protracted "tinsmith's day" ends, then you can safely go to conquer the country's road spaces. Stop! But then you will find yourself unprepared, because, whatever the experience, it still takes time to remember and get used to it. But this, fortunately, is still easier and much faster. Remember the saying: “It is better to be a ram among wise men than a wise man among rams.” She's perfect here.
When driving on a two-way road in ice, if possible, try not to drive in the left lane. There is an extremely unpleasant situation. A car flies out of the oncoming lane, it just slipped, but you collide head-on. In any case, in such a collision, serious consequences are guaranteed to you, and perhaps even a fatal outcome. And do not flatter yourself, no matter what your reaction is, you will not have time to do anything. And when “jumping out” a few meters away from you, you don’t even have time to think about anything, let alone do something. This situation is one of the inevitable accidents. It can be avoided only in one case - as I already told you, do not climb into the left lane unnecessarily. Maybe you will arrive from point "A" to point "B" a little later, but the probability that you will get there is much higher.
The left row is generally much more accidental, because. higher speed and next to oncoming traffic - consider this fact. True, the extreme right row also carries a hidden danger. Although there are no cars on the right, and in this regard it is easier, because. you don’t have to watch the starboard side (almost not), but pedestrians can jump out there, like saigas from the forest. Therefore, here I advise readers of MirSovetov to adhere to the "golden mean" - the middle rows, if any.
Based on the foregoing, I note that the most dangerous are two-lane roads with two-way traffic (one lane per side). On them you are both in the extreme left and in the extreme right rows. If it is possible to bypass a wider street or road with one way traffic do it!
Two-lane carriageways are also dangerous due to overtaking, which, of course, is possible in this case only in the oncoming lane.
Let's talk about overtaking. IN this case we are not concerned with the very concept of overtaking. Within the framework of this article, overtaking will be understood as any advance of the vehicles in front. Of course, the most dangerous maneuver is overtaking in the oncoming lane. It is important to understand here that such a dangerous maneuver should be taken only after everything is well thought out and calculated. No need to overtake for the sake of overtaking, especially in winter.
Let's start by estimating the distance to the nearest oncoming vehicle. At the same time, God forbid, in the oncoming lane, someone will also start a similar event! If, after all, you, having measured the acceleration capabilities of your car and the speed of approach of the oncoming vehicle, think that the distance will be enough with a margin, then go ahead. But what is the best way to do this? Estimate the distance and overtake, it is better to “give odds” to the overtaken, i.e. you need to step back a bit. Then you get a field for acceleration even in your lane, which is in the hands of not so powerful vehicles that do not have chic acceleration dynamics. And also more good review, the latter is very important for "right-handed" cars. Remember the basic rule of overtaking - it must be done as quickly as possible, therefore, you must gain high speed. This speed, more precisely, its superiority over the overtaken must be at least 20 ... 30 km / h.
Another tip for overtaking. Never slow down on overtaking! Firstly, you practically no longer control what is behind, because there is no time to do this. And your place could already be taken and there is nowhere to return. Secondly, other cars could overtake you, which is called a “train”, and this often happens, and your braking will lead to an “accordion”. In these cases, you will not be able to pick up speed again. Estimate if there is little space left before the oncoming car, whether you will have time to accelerate so as to have time to get into the "scissors", i.e. into the converging space between oncoming and overtaken vehicles. No? Then we show the left turn signal (if possible, to exclude the same maneuver from the oncoming car) and drive to the side of the road if there are no people there. If there is, then we slow down, because. there is no other way out, and we are preparing to strike. I hope you did not forget to buckle up before the trip?
Overtaking that does not involve entering the oncoming lane is less dangerous, but still there is a chance that someone will change lanes and you will meet when changing lanes (the one on the left will be to blame).
Therefore, overtaking is one of the most dangerous maneuvers on the road. You need to think ten times before you decide on this act. This advice is especially relevant if you are not alone in the car - innocent people may suffer.
In all situations, it is better to avoid head-on collisions. As mentioned above, they are often fatal.
Carefully and carefully drive through intersections, especially unregulated ones. It is far from certain that you will be given a legal advantage in traffic. Look in all directions, do it quickly. Never skip! If you, approaching the intersection, see that “green” is on for you and has been doing this for a long time, then do not accelerate in the hope of “oh, I’ll slip through!”, But start slowing down smoothly. To begin, gently release the gas pedal. It is better to light your brake lights, at least briefly, to inform others of your intention to brake. It is also advisable to refrain from passing the intersection to the flashing “green”, because there are those who want to turn left, and they can do this according to the traffic rules only either in the absence of interference or at the end of the “green” traffic light. I emphasize that according to the traffic rules they are obliged to complete the maneuver (to clear the intersection) even at the prohibitory traffic signal. "Flyers" just "catch" them.
Also try to avoid "false starts" (as soon as the "yellow" light comes on) for the same reasons.
Here are perhaps the two most dangerous maneuver- Overtaking and driving through intersections.
Emergency steps before an accident
But what to do if an accident is already inevitable? Naturally, the first step is to try to get away from frontal collision and slow down as much as possible. But here you need to remember about technology. If the car has ABS, then everything is relatively simple - we brake as hard as possible and turn the steering wheel in the right direction. ABS keeps you in control. Without ABS, you have to combine. It is unlikely that you will be able to intermittently apply the brake in such a situation. It will be better to brake a little (before the wheels lock) and turn the steering wheel.There is also a little trick - the handbrake. You can quickly correct the direction of the car on any surface (even on bare ice) using the handbrake. Everything is simple! First, turn the steering wheel in the direction you need (preferably not on the oncoming lane), then sharply tighten the handbrake. rear wheels are blocked, and the car begins to skid. As soon as there is a turn to the required angle, release the handbrake.
Before the collision, take correct position, lean back as much as possible and press against the back of the seat, and rest your left foot on the floor. Try not to let go of the steering wheel! This will help keep control to the last, because. the car can be thrown away. Naturally, in case of serious accidents, it will be thrown away regardless of this, since the car is first thrown up, and then thrown in one direction or another.
Much depends on the brand of car and its manufacturer. In most cases, foreign cars are much safer. domestic cars and allow without serious consequences for people in them to survive the majority of accidents. There are, however, unsuccessful models, for example, Daewoo Nexia which is very dangerous.
Alas, our cars are much more dangerous. This is especially true of the so-called "classics", where you can say there are no elements of passive safety, but active safety very modest. The body at serious accident loses its structural integrity and squeezes its inhabitants. Alas, the owners of these cars are at increased risk. And here it is necessary to do everything possible and impossible to avoid head-on collisions.
Much depends on the body of the car. Or rather, from its mass. The higher the mass, the more moment inertia. In the event of a collision between a heavy vehicle and a lighter one, the first one will “override” the second one, and the lightweight vehicle will receive the most damage. Blow off more high cars can get into the glazing area and inflict much more severe injuries than in a collision of “peers”. But even tall cars have a vulnerability - they are less stable, which leads to an increased risk of rollovers.
And God forbid, collide with trucks - they can flatten very much.
If, nevertheless, a collision has occurred, then try not to fall into a trance too much, assess the severity of the situation, if necessary, provide first aid and call the special services, find witnesses. Do not panic, do everything carefully and carefully.
But what to do after an accident, we will tell the readers of MirSovetov in the next article. Remember the simple truth - the gas pedal is the safety pedal, and not, as is customary, the brake. By choosing your speed wisely, you will save yourself from many problems on the road. As they say, you go quieter - you will continue!
Good luck in conquering the roads of automobile and life! See you! At the moment immediately preceding the frontal collision, the driver must place both forearms on the steering wheel, holding it firmly with the hands. They should be placed at top point steering wheels close together.
In this case, even if there is a sharp movement of the driver's head forward, the face and head will not hit the car part, but the softer hands and forearms. The resulting injuries, of course, will not be so severe. The driver must tilt his head and neck forward, and pull the seat belt with his torso, as it is weak tensioned belt at the time of the collision, it can additionally injure the chest or abdominal cavity. Seat belts must be correctly fitted to the size of the person's torso. The passenger sitting next to the driver should also pull the seat belt as much as possible with his body, rest his half-bent hands on the dashboard and tilt his head and neck forward as low as possible.
, cars, trains) collide with each other on a collision course.
In road transport, in view of high speeds modern cars, a head-on collision usually results in the death or serious injury of drivers and passengers.
In rail transport, a head-on collision involves trains being on the same track. This means that at least one of the trains is on the wrong track or ignored the stop signal.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
See what "Head-on collision" is in other dictionaries:
head-on collision- priekinis susidūrimas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. head on collision; knock on collision vok. Frontalzusammenstoß, m rus. frontal collision, m pranc. collision à l'advancement, f; collision frontale, f … Fizikos terminų žodynas
Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763 and Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907 Collision General information Date November 12, 1996 Character Collision of two aircraft, followed by their explosion and fall Cause Crew error IL 76 Place ... Wikipedia
Collision between flights SVA 763 and KZA 1907 General information Date November 12, 1996 Nature Collision in the air Cause Crew error IL 76 Place ... Wikipedia
Collision at Hinton Details Date February 8, 1986 Time 8:40 Location Dalehurst (Alberta) Country ... Wikipedia
List of known train wrecks (including terrorist attacks that led to the crash). Contents 1 XIX century 2 XX century 3 XXI century 4 Notes ... Wikipedia
Major accidents involving buses in Russia in 2007-2011- 2011 On August 21, on the Busse Svobodny highway in the Amur Region, a regular bus PAZ 32054 ran off the roadway and overturned. There were 18 passengers on the bus. Eight people were injured in the accident. On the night of August 19 at 86 ... ... Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Accidents involving fixed-route taxis "Gazelle" in 2006‑2008- 2006 - On the evening of March 31, the Gazelle route Stavropol-Nevinnomyssk collided with a KamAZ truck standing on the road. As a result of the accident, six passengers of the Gazelle were killed. - April 21 at the 209th kilometer of the highway ... ... Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Major accidents involving buses in Russia in 2007-2011- 2011 On May 27, a major accident occurred in the Stupinsky district of the Moscow region. The bus collided with truck and then the bus burst into flames. According to preliminary data, 10 people died and three were hospitalized. May 21st passenger Gazelle… … Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Major road accidents in Russia in 2012- The following is information about major accidents in Russia in 2012 on September 5 on the municipal road Petrovsk Savkino in the Petrovsky district Saratov region collided head-on cars Fiat and VAZ 21102. As a result… … Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Major accidents involving intercity buses in Russia in 2009-2010- This is not the only case of major accidents involving intercity buses in Russia over the past two years. On December 2 there was a collision scheduled bus And freight train near the city of Orla. The accident happened around 3:00 p.m. Wednesday on ... ... Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Books
- Masonic worldwide conspiracy of silence, or Where did the cosmic "Schindler's List" go? , A. Semenov. This book is research. And a warning to dictators usurping financial and information flows. News from the distant depths to those tyrants who think a lot about their impunity...
