Zil family cars. Zil car brand history

12.08.2019

The plant, known today under the name ZIL (the plant named after Likhachev), was founded more than a hundred years ago, on August 2, 1916. During this century, more than 8 million Vehicle. The ZIL model range includes both cars and trucks, as well as various types of special equipment. To date, the plant has practically ceased to exist: they are no longer produced, production passenger transport also almost collapsed. Nevertheless, this enterprise left a very bright mark in the history of domestic automotive industry.

The legend of the automotive industry - ZIS 5 "Zakhar Ivanovich"

In 1933, the car that later became a milestone for the automobile plant, the famous ZIS 5 (commonly known by the nickname "Zakhar Ivanovich", or even simply "Zakhar"), saw the light of day. Until 1948, more than 500 thousand copies of this car were produced at the Moscow ZIL plant alone, capable of carrying loads weighing up to 3,000 kilograms. On the whole, taking into account the production capacities of the factories in Ulyanovsk (UlZIS, the future UAZ) and Miass (UralZIS), the circulation of the issue exceeded one million copies.

The car received a lot of changes and improvements compared to previous model- AMO 3. The carrying capacity was increased to three tons, the power of the 5.6-liter engine reached 73 liters. With. The truck was equipped mechanical brakes, and on a number of modifications, primarily produced during the Great Patriotic War, the brakes were installed only on rear wheels. Based on the ZIS 5 model, a wide variety of ZIL modifications have been produced over the years, including vehicles with a gas generator and a gas cylinder, as well as variations of the ZIS 11 and 12 with an extended base.

In 1937, the first prototype of a new generation of freight transport, the ZIS 150, was produced at the Moscow plant. new car was five tons when driving on a good road and 3.5 tons - off-road or dirt road.

Distinctive features of the new truck.

Prototypes of the new model were produced several times even before the start of the Great Patriotic War, however, in mass production a new truck came only in 1947. In the first years after the war, ZIL 150 cars had a cabin made partly of wood, because there was a huge problem with metal in the country. The carrying capacity was reduced to four tons, but the power of the 5.6-liter propulsion system was increased to 90, and later to 95 horsepower.

ZIS 150 (later - ZIL 164) was produced in the most various modifications, including onboard ZIL and many others. The total output amounted to over 750 thousand cars.

Record holder ZIL 130 and its development

Without a doubt, the truck is the absolute champion. The development of this improved model began in 1956. The planned carrying capacity of the car was four tons, the car had to be equipped with a 130-horsepower V6 engine. However, during the development process, the capacity was increased to 5 tons, and taking into account plans for such modifications as a truck with a permanent trailer and truck tractor ZIL, as a result, the car was equipped with a V8 engine. The volume of the installation was 6 liters, it was based on the unit used in the representative ZIS 111 and had a capacity of 150 liters. s., which many initially regarded as redundant.

Trucks ZIL 130 entered mass production in 1963 and were produced until 1995, that is, more than 30 years! During this time, the so-called "collective farmer" was produced in an amount of over 3.5 million pieces. A huge number of modifications were made on its basis, including an all-wheel drive tractor, an all-terrain vehicle with a plastic cabin that imitates American cars, and many others.

Over time, a ZIL test drive revealed that the engine power of 150 liters. With. is already not enough, so the ZIL 133 modification was equipped with the YaMZ-641 diesel engine, and later the KamAZ 740. This updated ZIL 4 × 4 also received reinforcement rear suspension and new brakes. Serial production of the new model began in 1979.

The car, the dimensions of which varied depending on the modification, and the volume of the ZIL body made it possible to transport goods weighing up to 10 tons, was equipped with a diesel engine with a volume of 10.85 liters and a power of 210 liters. With. And top speed 85 km/h. Three-axle ZIL brand 133, equipped with various models power plants, produced until 2000.

In 1968, long before the release of a bonnet truck with a diesel engine, the plant was given the task of developing an eight-ton all-wheel drive truck with a cab without a hood and three axles to reduce the load on the road surface. The first model of this model in 1968 was the ZIL 170V75 car, from the last numbers in the marking of which it can be understood that its serial production was scheduled for 1975. The front part of the car's cab was decorated with large letters "ZIL", but subsequently, on the basis of this development, the KamAZ chassis of models 5510 and 5320 were produced. Distinctive features new steel model:

engine power equal to 210 liters. With.;
improved gas mileage;
5-speed gearbox equipped with a divider;
wheel formula 6×4;
center differential lock function.

In 1971, state tests of cars were carried out. Their serial production, as planned, began in 1975 in Naberezhnye Chelny and under the KamAZ 5320 brand name, although the ZIL logo flaunted on the cabs of the first prototypes.

Full title:	OJSC "Plant named after Likhachev"
Other names:	ZIL, Moscow Automobile Society (AMO), Moscow Automobile Society. Ferrero, 1st State Automobile Plant, Plant named after Stalin, JSC "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev" AMO ZIL
Existence:	1916 - present day
Location:	Russia, Moscow
CEO:	I.V. Zakharov.
Products:	Trucks, cars.
The lineup:	ZiS: ZiS-101; ZiS-101A-Sport; ZiS-102; ZiS-110; ZiS-112; ZiS-115; ZiS-5; ZiS-8; ZiS-16; ZiS-22; ZiS-22/ZiS-22-50/52; ZiS-127; ZiS-150/151; ZiS-154; ZiS-155; ZIL: ZIL-111; ZIL-111G/111D/111V; ZIL-112S; Zil-114; Zil-117; Zil-130; Zil-157; Zil-131; Zil-41044 (Zil-115V); Zil-432930; ; Experimental: ZiS-E134 Model No. 1; Zil-E167; UralZis-352; ZIL-5901 (PEU-2); Zil - PKU 1; Military: ZiS-485 BAV;

History of the Zil plant

August 2 (according to the old style - July 20) 1916 is considered the date of foundation of the ZIL plant. On that day, Major General G. Krivoshein, in Tyufeleva Grove, near Moscow, in front of big amount people, the first stone was laid, which became the foundation of the new plant. The main persons of the project were Sergey and Stepan Ryabushinsky - well-known entrepreneurs and A. Kuznetsov, known as the owner of the Pereyaslav Manufactory. The Ryabushinskys planned to start production at the plant of a one and a half ton FIAT-15 Ter truck (model of 1915) and in parallel to produce headquarters cars, the license for which belonged to the French company Hotchkiss.

A celebration was held in Tyufeleva Grove dedicated to the start of the construction of an automobile plant, which was planned to produce 150 trucks by March 1917. However, certain difficulties prevented plans for the construction of the plant, and the Ryabushinskys purchase F-15 machine kits in Italy. The first director of AMO, Dmitry Dmitrievich Bondarev, is a talented engineer who previously headed the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works. Engineers-technicians and former workers of the automobile branch of the Riga company became the core of the team of the Moscow plant.

However, the October Revolution, followed by the civil war and devastation, prevented the construction of the plant, which was never built. By the time of the revolution, the plant was 95% completed. AMO was nationalized on August 15, 1918, accusing the Ryabushinskys of violating the terms of the contract signed with the Military Department.

Industrialization coupled with collectivization increased the need for cars several times, but nationalization turned the plant into a workshop for the repair of foreign trucks. During the period from 1919 to 923, the plant repaired mainly American 3-ton Whites, in parallel trying to establish the production of motors.

At that time, the truck could be put into production, but as a result, preference was given to the FIAT-15 Ter, for which there were drawings and the design of which was lighter. In addition, over the years the company has restored 230 cars, average repair was produced for 18, and the current for 67. Motorcycles were repaired 137.

Start of car production.

In 1917, 432 trucks were assembled at the plant, the following year - 779, and 108 cars in 1919. But, at the same time, the plant was not completed for the manufacture of its own cars. The reason for this is the October Revolution and the war. Nationalization turned the unfinished enterprise into several large workshops specializing in the repair of cars and other equipment. From the beginning of 1920, the AMO took part in the Soviet tank program. Between February and July, 24 tank engine tank "Russian Renault".

April 30, 1923 The plant received the name of the communist Ferrero, an Italian killed by the Nazis. But only in March 1924, the plant received a government order to produce the first batch of Soviet trucks.

In 1925, the plant was given the name of the 1st State Automobile Plant. In 1927, I.A. became the director of the plant. Likhachev. The plant was subordinate to the auto trust, which decided to start its reconstruction.

Production picked up pace. The year 1930 was marked by the purchase of a license for an American Autocar-5S truck with a payload of 2.5 tons. The plans were to produce trucks using the conveyor method.

The launch of the reconstructed plant took place in 1931, and on October 1 of the same year, it was named after Stalin (Plant named after Stalin, ZIS). October 25, 1931 is the launch date of the first Soviet automobile assembly line, which produced the first batch of 27 AMO-3 trucks.

During the first five-year plans, in accordance with the General Plan for the Reconstruction of Moscow, housing construction was launched. The workers of the factories "Dynamo" and "Amo" were placed in the village of Dubrovka, which was under construction.

Since 1932, the production of minibuses AMO-4 (aka ZIS-8) began.

On August 21, 1933, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided to make a second reconstruction of the plant, which was aimed at expanding the lineup cars.

After undergoing reconstruction in 33-37, ZiS produced new modification- ZIS -5, which was given the nickname "Zakhar". Since 1934, ZIS-6 trucks and ZIS-8 buses began to be produced. Cars ZIS-101 began to roll off the assembly line in 1936. Special vehicles based on ZIS and AMO were produced by many enterprises. Ambulances began to be produced in the late twenties. For them, the AMO-F-15 cargo chassis was used. Experimental models of thermo-vans were built in 1932-33 on the basis of Shissy AMO-4. The Aremkuz plant in the same year produced bread vans on the AMO-3, ZIS-5 chassis. The Leningrad Dairy Plant began to produce isometric milk tanks in 1934.

military period.

The plant was evacuated from Moscow to the east on October 15, 1941. The equipment of the plant was transported to the cities of Ulyanovsk, Shchadrinsk, Chelyabinsk, Miass. The basis of the new factories was the evacuated equipment and people. This is how the Ulyanovsk, Ural Automobile Plants, Chelyabinsk Forging and Press Plant, and Shadrinsk Aggregate Plant appeared. At the end of the 41st year, the original plant was prepared for destruction and stopped. But after the Red Army carried out a successful offensive in the winter of 41-42, the ZIS began to work little by little, and in June 1942 this work bore fruit in the form of ZIS-5V military trucks (assembled from early production parts), ZIS-22 half-track tractors and ZIS-42 and all kinds of weapons for the front. The first "Zakhar" was released in Ulyanovsk on April 30, 1942. The post-war ZIS-150 truck is based on one of the ZIS-15 variants, the ZIS-15K.

Approximately one hundred thousand ZIS-5V, ZIS-42, ZIS-42M trucks and ZIS-16S ambulance buses were produced during the war years. At the same time, in June 1942, the ZIS was awarded the first Order of Lenin for the impeccable organization of the production of weapons and ammunition.

In the fall of 1942, the Stalin plant received instructions from the country's leadership: to begin the development and construction of a new passenger car on its own. Andrey Nikolaevich Ostrovtsev, deputy chief designer for passenger cars, was specially invited to the enterprise. He was entrusted with the work of creating the ZIS-110 machine and all its modifications necessary in the future. On September 20, 1944, the GKO (State Defense Commission) approved a prototype ZIS-110. In September of the same year, the ZIS-110 machine was put into mass production.

During the war years, the ZIS plant produced weapons for the front. These are machine guns, mines, shells, mortars and more.

Since the enemy troops were approaching the capital faster and faster, the normal functioning of the ZIS enterprise was in jeopardy. In this regard, on October 15, 1941, production was stopped, and the workshops were urgently transferred to the east. Nevertheless, this laborious process made it possible to launch the production of trucks and their components by April 1942.

In the spring of 1942, the city of Ulyanovsk again began to produce cars, but in a modernized and simplified form, under the ZIS - 5V brand. Production in Moscow was established by the summer of 1942, and the production of ZISs at the Ural Automobile Plant Miass began in the summer of 1944.

After the victory in Germany, Hitler's archives were opened, which contained detailed reports describing the tests of Soviet cars. Zis cars were rated especially highly in them. Possessing exceptional strength and unpretentiousness, as well as having excellent cross-country ability. In terms of production scale, the ZIS-5 was second only to the Gorky "one and a half", and thanks to the high technical specifications was widespread in the army.

The plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor in October 1944.

For another two decades after the victory in the war, the ZIS-5 did not leave the assembly lines. The Miass Automobile Plant made consistent improvements to the truck. This is how the UralZIS-5M and UralZIS-355 models arose. The pinnacle of production was popular model"UralZIS-355M", released in 1965.

The defeat of the fascist troops provided the conditions for the reevacuation of a number of factories to Moscow. On January 6, 1941, the State Defense Committee decided to resume the production of cars, while not violating the pace of defense production.

The ZIS plant was reconstructed for the third time in 1946. The purpose of the reconstruction was the production of the first post-war products, namely the ZIS-150 trucks (the production began in 1947), as well as the ZIS-151 off-road trucks, which began to be produced in 1948.

November 1949 brought the plant an award with the second Order of Lenin for merits in the field of Soviet automotive engineering, as well as in connection with the 25th anniversary of the production of the Soviet car.

On April 30, 1950, refrigerators were included in the production of the plant, January 1951 was marked by the release of the first bicycle, the production of which continued until 1959.

At the beginning of 1953, a special department was created at the plant, which was engaged in the design of the first Chinese automobile plant. ZIS specialists provided assistance to the Chinese in Changchun, where the first chinese truck called "Jiefang", which was a copy of the ZIS-150.

In 1954, at the insistence of Marshal Zhukov, a design bureau was created at the plant, which was engaged in the creation of special equipment for mobile missile systems.

After the death of Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev in 1956, the plant was given his name. The end of this year was marked by the assembly of two samples of post-war trucks of the second generation (ZIL-130, ZIL-131).

In 1957, the production of the ZIL-164, 164A car began, which replaced the ZIS-150. The engine of this car has been upgraded and rear axle acquired a stamped beam.

The ZIS-155 bus was replaced by a new model - ZIL-158.

In the period from 1975 to 1989, the plant produced annually 195-210 thousand trucks. In the 90s, production began to decline rapidly, in 1996 amounting to only 7.2 thousand trucks, but later rose again to 21-22 thousand. In the period 1924-2006, the plant produced 7 million 853 thousand 985 trucks, 39 thousand 501 buses, as well as 12 thousand 145 passenger cars mobiles(from 1936 to 2006). In addition, from 1951 to 2000 produced 5.5 million household refrigerators, 3.24 million bicycles in just 8 years of production. At the same time, more than 630 thousand cars were exported, exported to 51 countries of the world.

In 1978, the outdated representative model ZIL-114 was replaced by the ZIL-4104.

Since 1979, instead of ZIL-133G2, ZIL-133GYa trucks began to be produced, which were equipped with a KamAZ-740 diesel engine with a capacity of 210 hp, as well as a 10-speed gearbox and had reinforced springs.

The plant played a huge role in the production of KamAZ. It was ZIL who designed the foundry and car assembly buildings. Samples of the created trucks became the basis of car models from Naberezhnye Chelny.

The largest reconstruction in the history of the plant began in 1982 and coincided with dramatic economic changes in the country.

1984 was marked by the release of the first ZIL-130 vehicles with front-wheel drive modernization under the ZIL-431410 index. However, in the 90s, the production of this model (as well as ZIL-131N) was transferred to the Ural Automotive Plant, located near Yekaterinburg in Novouralsk.

In the early 1990s, the previously secret production of special all-terrain vehicles was transformed into OJSC Vezdekhod GVA. The name of the enterprise includes the initials of the creator of all-terrain vehicles V. A. Grachev. The rescue amphibian "Blue Bird" became the most interesting exhibit. It was offered both in cargo (ZIL-4906) and cargo-passenger (ZIL-49061), which had a 6 by 6 drive, as well as gasoline or diesel engines with a capacity of 136-185 hp. with., onboard ten-speed transmission, disc brakes, independent torsion bar suspension, fiberglass body, which was equipped with radio navigation devices with rescue equipment.

Present tense.

When the USSR collapsed in December 1991, long-term intra-union ties were severed. Therefore, a revision and expansion was carried out production program, which was facilitated by competition with foreign firms, which became a novelty in the history of ZIL.

ZIL PA was privatized on September 23, 1992, reorganized into AMO ZIL, retaining trademark"ZIL". The Board of Directors became a new management body in the history of the plant and was adopted by the shareholders' meeting. In 1992, in connection with the renewal of the market, a 3-ton low-tonnage ZIL-5301 was developed. Moscow Mayor Luzhkov gave him the famous nickname "Bull".

In 1992, not a large number of ZIL-4421 truck tractors especially for truck circuit races (car power up to 900 kg.)

The last ZIL-130 truck left the assembly line on December 30, 1994. In the same year, small-scale production of the ZIL-5301 family began, the chassis of which served as the base for buses and an all-metal van with a capacity of 15 + 1 and 21 + 1.

The main truck tractor ZIL-6404 was introduced in 1996. Its 410-horsepower engine made it possible to tow road trains with a curb weight of up to 40 tons at speeds up to 105 km/h.

The ZIL-432720 car with a wheelbase of 3340 mm was put into production in 1998. Chassis model 432722 is intended for installation of special superstructures of utility and road services.

The reforms of Russia in the 1990s had a drastic effect on the position of the plant. Attempts at close cooperation in the field of heavy engineering with Kenworth, Volvo, Carterpillar, Renault did not bring the expected success.

New 10-ton heavyweights ZIL-6309 and dump trucks ZIL-6409 began to be produced in 1999. The latter was equipped with a 195-horsepower diesel engine. ZIL met the end of the twentieth century, releasing more than 120 variants of cars, offering them various bodies and superstructures produced in more than 100 enterprises of the CIS countries. Components for these cars were manufactured in 800 different workshops and factories.

Today, on the basis of the ZIL chassis, the plant, together with other similar enterprises, produces a huge range of all kinds of equipment: road construction, municipal, vacuum, sewer, silo, emergency repair, as well as garbage trucks, car lifts and tank trucks.

In 2003, the plant began production of new models of cars ZIL-433180 and ZIL-432930, the engines of which are characterized increased power and work on a diesel engine, while having certificates of compliance with Euro-2 standards.

ZIL Plant named after Likhachev- the oldest Russian automotive company. Full name - Open Joint Stock Moscow Company "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev" (abbreviated as AMO ZIL).

Since 1916, the plant had different names:

January 1, 1916 - Repair and production workshops.
July 20 (August 2), 1916 - Moscow Automobile Plant, AMO.
April 30, 1923 - Moscow Automobile Plant. P. Ferrero.
1925 - 1st State Automobile Plant.
October 1, 1931 - "1st State Automobile Plant named after I.V. Stalin" (ZIS).
June 26, 1956 - Moscow Twice Order of Lenin Order of the Red Banner of Labor Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhacheva (ZIL). (Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 865).
July 13, 1971 - Moscow three times the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Automobile Plant. I. A. Likhacheva Production Association(PO ZIL) (on the basis of the order of the USSR Ministry of the Automobile Industry dated July 1, 1971 No. 221).
On September 23, 1992, the enterprise was reorganized into the Moscow Open Joint-Stock Company "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev" AMO ZIL (Moscow, registration chamber, MRP series, registration number No. .
July 15, 1996 to the Open Joint Stock Moscow Company "Plant named after I. A. Likhachev" AMO ZIL (Moscow Registration Chamber, registration No. 7121-iu3).

About 64% of the shares of AMO ZIL are controlled by the Moscow government. In 2003, the city authorities transferred ZIL to the management of the Moscow Automobile Company ("MAK"), subsidiary Center for Investment Projects and Programs ("CIPP"). Founded by businessman Grigory Luchansky in the late nineties, CIPP specializes in management consulting, anti-crisis management and project financing. At the beginning of 2011, MAK was removed from the management of AMO ZIL due to low work efficiency. According to Sergei Sobyanin, the activities of the MAK at the enterprise will be subject to verification.

The plant was founded in 1916 as part of a government program to create an automotive industry in Russia. Within the framework of this program, it was supposed to build six new automobile plants in Russia. The trading house "Kuznetsov, Ryabushinsky" was taken for the construction of one of them. The contract for the construction of the plant provided for the following conditions:

On February 27, 1916, the Main Military Technical Directorate (GVTU) and the Trading House Kuznetsov, Ryabushinsky and K˚ entered into an agreement for the supply of 1,500 vehicles. The total order is 27,000,000 rubles. The supplier's plant must be launched no later than October 7, 1916. By March 7, 1917, at least 10 percent of the entire supply (that is, 150 vehicles) must be manufactured.

On account of the money due under this agreement, the supplier is entitled to receive an advance payment in the amount of 32.5% of the contract amount. The loan is issued upon signing the contract in the amount of 10 percent of the cost of the order (in the amount of 2 million 700 thousand rubles).

In accordance with the agreement, it was planned to launch the production of a licensed 1.5-ton FIAT 15 Ter truck of the 1915 model at the plant. The contract concluded by the Ryabushinskys with FIAT provided for rather strict conditions. For each AMO car, it was necessary to pay Italian company 1000 francs with the release of 1500 pieces per year. For each car produced in excess of this amount - 500 francs. In addition, FIAT was paid 1,100,000 francs at the start of the plant and 200,000 in subsequent years. The Ryabushinskys also pledged not to export their products abroad.

The charter of the “Partnership on Shares of the Moscow Automobile Society” was approved on May 18, 1916, and on August 2 (July 20, old style) of the same 1916, a solemn prayer service and the laying of an automobile plant took place in Tyufel grove. Dmitry Dmitrievich Bondarev was appointed the first director. The construction of the plant was carried out under the guidance of prominent specialists A. V. Kuznetsov and A. F. Loleit. The facades of some buildings were designed by the architect K. S. Melnikov.

Because of the revolutions of 1917, inflation, high interest rates on loans, and finally, because of the collapse transport system countries, the construction of none of the listed plants was completed. At the end of 1917, the readiness of the plant was, according to various estimates, from 2/3 to 3/4. The plant had about 500 of the latest American machine tools.

Realizing that it would not be possible to manufacture the first 150 machines by the deadline specified in the contract (March 15, 1917), the plant management decided to purchase sets of parts in Italy and begin the “screwdriver” assembly. In December 1916, the first kits were sent from Italy to Moscow. In total, the plant managed to assemble 1319 FIAT 15 Ter trucks, of which 432 units. in 1917, 779 units. - in 1918 and 108 units. - in 1919. When the sets of parts ran out, the unfinished plant turned into large repair shops.

On August 15, 1918, the Supreme Council of National Economy, on the basis of a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of June 28, 1918, declared all the property of the AMO plant to be the property of the republic. The pretext for nationalization was the failure of the Ryabushinsky terms of the contract with the Military Department. The plant, although slowly, was being completed. In addition to assembling FIAT 15 Ter trucks from the remaining kits, orders for spare parts for railway wagons, vulcanizers and kerosene lamps were made. Then, in October 1918, the plant began a major overhaul of trucks coming from the front.

On February 17, 1919, AMO, among other unfinished plants, became part of the Avtotrust formed by the decision of the Supreme Council of National Economy, and in March 1921 - part of Tsugaz.

In 1919 - 1923 the factory was engaged in the repair of trucks foreign brands and established the production of motors. The most massive restored (actually anew) model in this period was the American 3-ton White TAD truck, which was overhauled by the AMO in the amount of 131 units. At the same time, the machines received new engine, clutch and gearbox. By the end of 1922, AMO was already manufacturing up to 75% of the components of White cars. The truck thus upgraded was named White-AMO. They even wanted to put it into production, but preference was still given to the lighter FIAT 15 Ter, which had design documentation. And the documentation for White-AMO (together with devices for repair) was transferred for development to the First State Automobile Repair Plant ( former factory Lebedev), where the Ya-3 truck was created on its basis, which was produced from 1925 to 1928 and became the ancestor of all pre-war YaGs.

In total, the enterprise over the years has overhauled 230 vehicles, made an average repair of 18 and Maintenance 67 cars and repaired 137 motorcycles. Since 1920, AMO participated in the Soviet tank program, in particular, from February to July, 24 tank engines for the Russian Renault tank were manufactured.

On April 30, 1923, the AMO plant was named after the Italian trade unionist Pietro Ferrero (1892 - 1922), who was killed by the Nazis.

After the end of the civil war, the country was able to devote more forces and resources to the creation of new technology. For 1922/23, the Council of Labor and Defense (STO) allocated funds for experimental car building at the AMO plant. The same FIAT 15 Ter, which proved itself well in front-line service, served as the initial model. In June 1923, the State Planning Committee of the USSR approved the production task for the plant for 1923-1927. However, only in March 1924, the plant received a specific government assignment for the manufacture of the first Soviet trucks.

The first one and a half ton truck AMO-F-15 was assembled on the night of November 1, 1924. On November 7, a convoy of already ten cars passed in a parade along Red Square, and on November 25, at noon, three cars from the top ten (No. 1, No. 8 and No. 10) set off from Red Square to the first for domestic cars test run along the route: Moscow - Tver - Vyshny Volochek - Novgorod - Leningrad - Luga - Vitebsk - Smolensk - Roslavl - Moscow. The success of the motor rally confirmed the sufficient level of quality of AMO products and from March 1925 mass production of AMO-F-15 cars began - in 1925 113 cars were manufactured, and in the next year, 1926, already 342 copies.

In 1925, the AMO plant was renamed the 1st State Automobile Plant. In 1927, I. A. Likhachev was appointed director. Production gradually increased, and by 1931 6971 copies were made. AMO-F-15 of which 2590 units. was produced in the 1929/30 business year. The design of the AMO-F-15 was also improved, which experienced two upgrades in its relatively short production cycle at AMO.

However, the cost of the machine, which contained a large number of non-ferrous metal parts and was manufactured using artisanal methods, was prohibitive: in 1927/28, the cost of AMO-F-15 was 8500 rubles, while ford car in units with delivery to the country, cost 800-900 rubles. And the scale of slipway production was completely unsatisfactory for a country that was developing industrialization. In 1928, there was an urgent need for a complete reconstruction of the plant and the transition to a completely new model truck.

In 1930, a license was purchased for the American Autocar-5S truck (Autocar-5S) for production at the AMO. The truck assembled from American kits was called AMO-2. After localization in 1931 and the launch of the conveyor (the first in the USSR), it was renamed AMO-3, and its engine power was increased compared to the early model from 54 to 72 hp. With. After modernization in 1933, the truck was renamed ZIS-5. In 1934, after the completion of a radical reconstruction of the enterprise (up to 100,000 vehicles per year), this legendary truck in the future went into mass production. The daily output of ZIS-5 exceeded 60 vehicles. On the basis of the ZIS-5, 25 models and modifications were created, of which 19 went into series.

ZIS (ZIL) has repeatedly been a pioneer in the use of domestic automotive industry many design innovations: among them hydraulic brake drive (1931), 12-volt equipment system (1934), eight-cylinder engine and radio receiver (1936), hypoid main gear and power windows (1946), four-chamber carburetor and air conditioning (1959), four-headlight lighting system (1962), disc brakes (1967).

In 1953, according to the Soviet-Chinese "Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance" according to the documentation Soviet plant VMS was built and fully equipped at no cost to Automobile Plant No. 1, which later became the First Automotive Works (FAW), which remains today the leader of a rapidly growing automotive industry China. The first young FAW specialists were trained and trained in the USSR at the ZIS plant. Among them was the future leader of the PRC (1993-2003) and General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee (1989-2002) Jiang Zemin.

AMO ZIL specializes in the production of trucks with a gross weight of 6.95 tons to 14.5 tons, small buses with a length of 6.6-7.9 m (manufactured to order) and cars executive class(production under the order). In 1975-1989 the plant annually assembled 195-210 thousand trucks. In the 1990s, production fell catastrophically to 7.2 thousand trucks (1996), after 2000 it increased to 22 thousand, then began to decline again. In 2009, 2.24 thousand cars were produced. From 1924 to 2009, the plant produced 7 million 870 thousand 089 trucks, 39 thousand 536 buses (in 1927-1961, 1963-1994 and since 1997) and 12 thousand 148 cars (in 1936-2000 years; of which 72% - ZIS-101). In addition, in 1951-2000. 5.5 million household refrigerators were manufactured and in 1951-1959. - 3.24 million bicycles. Over 630 thousand cars were exported to 51 countries of the world.

ZIL has repeatedly been a pioneer in the application of many design innovations in the domestic automotive industry. Among them:
hydraulic brake drive (1931),
12-volt equipment system (1934),
eight-cylinder engine; radio receiver (1936),
hypoid final drive and power windows (1946),
four-chamber carburetor; air conditioning (1959)
four-headlight lighting system (1962),
disc brakes (1967).

After the collapse of the USSR, the enterprise began to rapidly degrade: production facilities were being destroyed, production volumes had decreased many times over.

In 2004, AMO ZIL took part in the creation of the AMO Plant in Jelgava (Latvia). The plant is still one of the shareholders of the enterprise.

In 2008, AMO ZIL planned to organize a joint venture with the Chinese company Sinotruk for the production of heavy diesel trucks brand HOWO A5 and HOWO A7. Due to the crisis, the project was not implemented.

In 2009 AMO ZIL (together with branches) shipped 2253 trucks (49.6% against 2008) and 4 buses (44.4% against 2008) to consumers. In 2009, the company's revenue amounted to 2.702 billion rubles. (74.8% by 2008).

In 2010, the company produced 1,258 trucks and 5 buses (according to JSC ASM-Holding, AMO ZIL's own production was 1,106 trucks and 5 buses, as well as 125 units of dump trucks manufactured by CJSC SAAZ). Also in 2010, ZIL finished manufacturing several copies of the ZIL-410441 convertible, intended for participation in parade ceremonies.

In 2009, an agreement was reached with Belarus on the assembly of MAZ trucks and Belarus tractors at the facilities of ZIL in the amount of up to 500 units. per year for the needs of the city economy of Moscow. In the course of optimizing production, the territory of the enterprise should be reduced to 62 hectares (in 1916 - 63 hectares).

In 2010, AMO ZIL resumed its attempts to establish partnerships with a company from China. During the ceremonial handover of two hybrid buses Foton Lovol as a gift to the city of Moscow, AMO ZIL and Foton Lovol signed a memorandum of understanding and expressed their desire to establish a joint venture for the production of trucks in the future.

As of 2011, the enterprise is in a deep crisis, a significant part production areas destroyed [unauthoritative source?]. The new top managers of AMO ZIL are looking for a foreign partner to organize contract manufacturing of cars or to rent a production complex. Management held meetings and negotiations with representatives Chinese company Sinotruk, Italian company"FIAT", the Dutch "DAF Trucks" with a proposal to organize the production of their vehicles at AMO ZIL in Russia, but has not yet met with interest.

The leadership of the Indian concern Tata Motors and the Chinese company Sinotruk approached representatives of the Department of Foreign Economic Affairs of the Moscow Government with a proposal for a possible gratuitous transfer to the concern of 50% of the shares of AMO ZIL, explaining this by the fact that in order to invest in its current form, AMO ZIL requires serious reconstruction and modernization. But the proposal from the Moscow government met with little interest. Beginning Department of Foreign Economic Affairs of the Government of Moscow July 22, 2011 Evgeny Dridze stated:
We are not interested in such an offer from the Indian concern Tata Motors to the Chinese company Sinotruk, if we announce the sale of our shares in AMO ZIL, a long queue will line up for us, we have a lot of people who want to build commercial real estate on this site, and they offer to give them away for free, although we understand them - investments require guarantees.

In September 2011, after long downtime, the ZIL conveyor was launched again.

In 2011, between JSC "Plant im. I. A. Likhachev” (AMO ZIL) and CJSC “Management Company “Razvitie”” signed an agreement for the management of a part of real estate and the implementation of research work on the development of the territory of the enterprise.

According to JSC ASM-Holding, in 2011 AMO ZIL produced 1,199 trucks and not a single bus. Also in 2011, ZIL produced 1 copy of the ZIL-410441 convertible. At the end of 2011, the production of the Bychok family was transferred to the Saratov region. at ZAO Petrovsky Auto Parts Plant AMO ZIL. On December 26, the solemn launch of the assembly line for the assembly of ZIL-5301 "Bychok" cars took place at the enterprise ZAO "PZA AMO ZIL". The production of ZIL-5301 (and ZIL-4327) vehicles was transferred from Moscow from the main site of AMO ZIL. Until the end of 2011, PZA AMO ZIL CJSC manufactured the first 3 Bychok cars, and in the future it intends to make its all-wheel drive subfamily ZIL-4327.

On February 15, 2012, Andrey Sharonov, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Economic Policy, said that the Moscow authorities were negotiating with Fiat to assemble cars of this brand at ZIL. According to him, South Korean automakers also showed interest in the plant.

At the end of 2012, the Moscow government decided to maintain production at the southern site of the plant, with an area of 50 hectares (the entire territory of the plant occupies 300 hectares), the remaining areas will be occupied by a technopark and the construction of residential buildings.

Awards

In June 1942, ZIS was awarded the first Order of Lenin for the excellent organization of the production of ammunition and weapons.
In October 1944, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
In November 1949, the plant was awarded the second Order of Lenin for merits in the development of the Soviet automobile industry and in connection with the 25th anniversary of the Soviet automobile.
In 1971, the plant was awarded the third Order of Lenin for the successful implementation of the eighth five-year plan.
In 1975, the plant was awarded the Order of the October Revolution for the successful completion of work on creating capacities for the production of 200,000 cars per year.

Car models ZIL

ZIS-101 (1936-1940)
ZIS-101S (1937-1941)
ZIS-101A (1940-1941)
ZIS-102 (1939-1940)
ZIS-102A (1940-1941)
ZIS-101A-Sport (1939)
ZIS-110 (1945-1958)
ZIS-110A (1949-1957)
ZIS-110B (1945-1958)
ZIS-110P (1955)
ZIL-111 (1958-1962)
ZIL-111A (1958-1962)
ZIL-111V (1960-1962)
ZIL-111G (1962-1967)
ZIL-111D (1964-1967)
ZIL-114 (1967-1976)
ZIL-114AE (1967-1976)
ZIL-114E (1967-1976)
ZIL-114K (1967-1976)
ZIS-115 (1949)
ZIL-117 (1971-1983)
ZIL-117E (1971-1983)
ZIL-117V (1973-1979)
ZIL-115 (1976-1983)
ZIL-4104 (1976-1983)
ZIL-41042 (1976-1983)
ZIL-41043 (1980-1983)
ZIL-41044 (1981)
ZIL-41045 (1983-1986)
ZIL-41046 (1983)
ZIL-4105 (1983)
ZIL-41048 (1984)
ZIL-41049 (1984)
ZIL-41051 (1984)
ZIL-41047 (1985-2009)
ZIL-41041 (1986-2009)
ZIL-41052 (1987-1999)
ZIL-4107 (1988-1999)
ZIL-41072 (1989-1999)
ZIL-4112R (since 2012)
TM 1131 "Tulyak" ("Mishka") (since 2012)

Racing models of ZIL cars

ZIL-112S
ZIS-101A-Sport
ZIS-112 (1951)
ZIL-112S (1962)

Truck models of ZIL cars

ZIL-130
ZIL-131
ZIL-5301E2 "Bull"
ZIL-4362 and ZIL-433180
Fire unit ATs-40 on the ZIL-131 chassis in Vinnitsa
Fiat-15 Ter (1917-1919)
AMO-F-15 (1924-1931)
AMO-2 (1930-1931)
AMO-3 (1931-1933)
ZIS-5 (1933-1941)
ZIS-5V (1942-1946)
ZIS-6 (1934-1941)
ZIS-22 (1941)
ZIS-22M (1941)
ZIS-32 (1941)
ZIS-42 (1942-1944)
ZIS-42M (1942-1944)
ZIS-50 (1946-1948)
ZIS-150 (1947-1957)
ZIS-151 (1948-1958)
ZIL-164 (1957-1964)
ZIL-157 (1958-1991)
ZIL-130 (1963-1976)
ZIL-130-76 (1976-1980)
ZIL-130-80 (1980-1986)
ZIL-131 (1966-1986)
ZIL-131N (1986-1990)
ZIL-138 (1975-1993)
ZIL-138A (1983-1994)
ZIL-133G1 (1975-1979)
ZIL-133G2 (1977-1984)
ZIL-133GYa (1979-1992)
ZIL-4314 (1986-1995)
ZIL-4331 (1986-2002)
ZIL-133G4 (1992-2002)
ZIL-534330 (1999-2003)
ZIL-433360 (since 1992)
ZIL-5301 "Bull" (since 1996)
ZIL-4334 (since 1995)
ZIL-4327 (since 1998)
ZIL-6309 (1999-2002)
ZIL-432930 (since 2003)
ZIL-433180 (since 2003)
ZIL-436200 (since 2009)

ZIL buses

AMO-F-15 (1926-1931) - small city, postal, tourist (open) on the AMO-F-15 chassis
AMO-4 (1932-1933) - urban on the AMO-3 chassis
ZIS-8 (1934-1936) - urban on the ZIS-12 chassis
ZIS-16 (1938-1941) - urban on the ZIS-15 chassis
ZIS-16S (1940-1941) - ambulance on chassis with cab ZIS-12
ZIS-154 (1947-1949) - large urban, diesel-electric power plant rear location
ZIS-155 (1949-1957) - large city using elements of the ZIS-150 chassis
ZIS-127 (1955-1961) - large intercity diesel
ZIL-129 - large urban, experimental (rear-engined)
ZIL-158 (1957-1959) - large city using elements of the ZIL-164 chassis
ZIL-118 "Youth" (1961-1970) - small representative using elements of the ZIL-111 chassis
ZIL-118K "Yunost" (1971-1991) - small representative using elements of the ZIL-114 / ZIL-115 chassis
ZIL-3207 "Youth" (1991-1999) - small representative using elements of the ZIL-41047 chassis
ZIL-3250 (1997 - present) - small city, representative, special on the ZIL-5301 chassis

Experimental models of ZIL cars

ZIS-153 - half-tracked transporter
ZIL-E167 - snowmobile (1963)
ZIL-4102
ZIS-E134
ZIL-170 - the future KamAZ-5320.

Special equipment ZIL

ZIS-152 (BTR-152) (1950-1955) - armored personnel carrier, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIS-152V (BTR-152V) (1955-1957) - armored personnel carrier, wheel formula 6 × 6
BTR-152V1 (1957-1962) - armored personnel carrier, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIS-485 (BAV) (1952-1958) - amphibian, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIL-485A (BAV) (1959-1962) - amphibian, wheel formula 6 × 6
ZIL-135L (1961-1962) - special cross-country vehicle, wheel formula 8 × 8
ZIL-135K, ZIL-135M (1961-1962) - special cross-country vehicle, wheel arrangement 8 × 8
ZIL-135LM (1963-1964) - special off-road vehicle, wheel formula 8 × 8
ZIL-135P (1965) - seagoing amphibian
ZIL-135E (1965) - special chassis with electric transmission with motor wheels
PES-1 (1966-1979) - search and evacuation unit
ZIL-4904 - auger snow and swamp vehicle
Project 490 - search and rescue complex "Blue Bird", consisting of three all-terrain vehicles:
ZIL-4906 (1975-1991) - cargo all-terrain vehicle
ZIL-49061 (1975-1991) - cargo-passenger all-terrain vehicle
ZIL-29061 (1979-1983) - auger snow and swamp vehicle
ZIL-497200 (since 1992) - a cross-country vehicle with a KTs-4972 van body
MDK-433362 (since 2006) - combined road machine
AC 3.2-40 (since 1998) - fire truck on the chassis ZIL-433104 and ZIL-433114
ATs 0.8-40/2 (since 2000) - fire truck on ZIL-530104 chassis
ZIL-5301AR (since 2003) - tow truck, 4 × 2 wheel arrangement
ZIL-5302AR (2004-2008) - tow truck with a crane-manipulator, wheel formula 6 × 2
ZIL-4329KM (since 2009) - road foreman's car

All-terrain vehicles ZIL

ZIL-132S
PKTs-1 "Aeroll"
ShN-68 "Auger"
ZIL-4904
ZIL-3906 "Aeroll"

Trucks ZIL

The ZIL automobile enterprise is almost a century old. This plant is engaged in the production and production of motor vehicles. The enterprise was founded in January 1916 as a repair and production workshop. During its existence, the names of the plant have changed, the last ZiL - in honor of one of the outstanding leaders of the enterprise I.A. Likhachev. ZIL trucks are widely known not only in Russia but also abroad.

During its work at the plant, production has been mastered: passenger cars of a representative class (production was carried out according to special orders), trucks, buses, special equipment and all-terrain vehicles.

Vehicles of this plant are represented in many areas: trade, construction, agriculture, utilities, government and special cars, armed forces.

Types of ZIL trucks

Trucks ZILrepresented by a wide range of:

chassis
emergency repair trucks
car lifts
manipulators
tankers
vans
tank trucks for transportation food products
onboard platforms
sewer cleaning trucks
agricultural trucks
trucks for implementation road works
garbage trucks
fire engines
dump trucks
tow trucks

Model range of Zil trucks

The versatility of the ZIL truck chassis is expressed in their wide use for placement various kinds equipment.

Repair and emergency vehicles based on truck chassis ZIL-5301M2, ZIL-433362, ZIL-5301V2, ZIL-4329V3 are indispensable for public utilities. Equipped with devices for the repair of heat supply, sewerage, water supply, gasification and electricity.
Truck ZIL "COBRA" 5301M2 with CMU (crane-manipulator) has on its base equipment with which it is possible to carry out welding work, transportation and loading and unloading necessary materials. This car ZIL equipped with a 130 hp turbo-diesel engine and its load capacity is up to 1 ton.
ZiL car lifts have found their application in construction, utilities, and are simply irreplaceable when performing installation and high-altitude work. Based on the truck chassis ZIL-433362, ZIL-433362, ZIL-432932, ZIL-5301V2.
ZIL "BUCK" APT-14 is a telescopic car lift used to perform construction, installation, high-altitude work in an urban environment. Thanks to the 4x2 wheel formula, it is maneuverable and easy to pass. The carrying capacity of the cradle, which rises to a height of up to 14 meters, is 200 kg.
Auto trucks ZILmanipulators - flatbed trucks based on ZIL-433360, ZIL-433110, ZIL-432930, ZIL-4329V3, ZIL-433110, ZIL-433360, ZIL-432930, ZIL-5301EE. With the help of a crane-manipulator, which is installed behind the driver's cab, such cars carry out loading and unloading of goods, as well as their transportation.
Onboard truck ZIL R310 with CMU UNIC is a small manipulator with a carrying capacity of up to 5 tons, and maximum load capacity three section CMU up to 3 tons. Gross vehicle weight 11 tons, wheel arrangement 4x2. These indicators allow you to work in limited spaces.
The ZIL tanker is based on the ZIL-433362 and ZIL-432932 truck chassis. Such trucks allow transportation and storage in tanks up to 7 m³ fuels and lubricants. The car is equipped with a pump through which the tank is drained and filled. The engines in these models can be either carburetor or diesel.
The model range of ZIL vans is represented by a wide variety of manufactured goods vans of different carrying capacity and body volume based on the ZIL-5301V2, ZIL-5301K2, ZIL-5301E0, ZIL-433362, ZIL-433112 and ZIL-432932 chassis.
ZIL-5301R1 is an all-metal van for transporting various cargoes with a carrying capacity of up to 2.8 tons. This commercial van is equipped with a 136 hp turbo diesel engine. and wheel formula 4x2.
A tank trucks for transporting food products based on ZIL-433362, ZIL-432932, ZIL-5301V2 - irreplaceable assistants in farming and agriculture. This type of truck has the ability to transport food liquids up to 4900 liters.
ZIL onboard - This is a universal truck for transporting various goods. Main models: ZIL-43272N (with and without winch), ZIL-5301BE, ZIL-5301EE, ZIL-5301KE, ZIL-5301ME, ZIL-433110, ZIL-432930 and ZIL-433360.
Onboard ZIL-5301KE is equipped with a comfortable seven-seat cabin. Its carrying capacity is up to 3 tons, full mass car - 7 tons. Engine - 136 hp turbo diesel.
The utility sector cannot exist without special-purpose trucks that are used to clean storm drains, sewers, and cesspools. Trucks ZIL trucks based on ZIL-433362, ZIL-494560 and ZIL-432932 chassis are equipped with tanks up to 5 m³ , pumps with capacity up to 360 m³ per hour and can be equipped with carburetor or turbo-diesel engines.
Truck ZIL - 433362 chassis 4x2
Trucks for transporting feed and vans for transporting hatching eggs and poultry are special ZIL vehicles for agricultural purposes. Among them: ZASK-10B based on ZIL-433362 and ZSK-10 based on ZIL-433362, ZIL-432932 with installed feed bins up to 10 m ³, as well as the van 47511 for the transport of hatching eggs and poultry based on the chassisZIL-433362, ZIL-5301V2 and ZIL-5301K2.
Special vehicles for road works are indispensable assistants in road sector. PUM-69 on the basis of the truck chassis ZIL-433362 performs mechanical cleaning of road and sidewalk surfaces using brushes mounted on the car frame. MDK 433362 based on ZIL-433362 and ZIL-432932 can be happy with a body for bulk mixtures up to 4.5 m³ or tank for liquid mixtures up to 6 m³. In the winter season, SDK-454510 vehicles operate on the roads - the vehicles are equipped with a snow bucket brush and a spreading mechanism for loose snow.MDK-432932-88 on the ZIL-4329V3 chassis is equipped with a brush and a unit for washing, as well as watering pavement. It is possible to change units depending on the seasons.
Model range ZILsuccessfully complemented garbage trucks of various types: 440KO and MKM-2701 with side loading, KO-440-AD and MKS-1 / MKS-2700 with containers, ZIL-4329LB with a swap body and MKZ-2703 with rear loading.
The base chassis ZIL-433115 served as an ideal basis for creating a high-speed fire truck with a 3200 liter water tank.
A special place among trucks is occupied by ZIL dump truck intended for transportation building materials with a load capacity of up to 6 tons on the base chassis ZIL-494560, ZIL-497442, ZIL-5301V2.
33241E and 5301AR are ZiL tow trucks with a load capacity of up to 3 tons.

Trucks of the Likhachev Plant over the entire period of their service have proved that they can be worthy representatives of the fleet of any company.

The Likhachev Plant is one of the oldest car manufacturers in the USSR and Russia. Several models of trucks from this plant (in particular ZIS-5 and ZIL-130). But the range of this plant was not limited to cars. IN different years he produced buses, refrigerators and bicycles. During the Great Patriotic War, the plant produced armored vehicles. And when the era of astronautics came, ZIL released installations (PEU-1) for searching and evacuating descent space objects and astronauts. Unfortunately, the plant no longer exists today.

The central entrance of the ZIL plant.

The plant was founded in 1916 as part of a government program to create an automotive industry in Russia. Within the framework of this program, it was supposed to build six new automobile plants in Russia. The trading house "Kuznetsov, Ryabushinsky" was taken for the construction of one of them. In accordance with the agreement, it was planned to launch the production of a licensed 1.5-ton FIAT 15. Ter truck of the 1915 model at the plant.

Due to the revolutions of 1917, inflation, high interest rates on loans, and finally, due to the collapse of the country's transport system, the construction of none of the listed plants was completed. At the end of 1917, the readiness of the plant was, according to various estimates, from 2/3 to 3/4. The plant had about 500 of the latest American machine tools.

Realizing that it would not be possible to manufacture the first 150 machines by the deadline specified in the contract (March 15, 1917), the plant management decided to purchase sets of parts in Italy and begin the “screwdriver” assembly. In December 1916, the first kits were sent from Italy to Moscow. In total, the plant managed to assemble 1319 FIAT 15 Ter trucks, of which 432 units in 1917, 779 units in 1918 and 108 units in 1919. When the sets of parts ran out, the unfinished plant turned into large repair shops.

Construction of the tool building of the Moscow Automobile Plant.

On August 15, 1918, the Supreme Council of National Economy, on the basis of a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of June 28, 1918, declared all the property of the AMO plant to be the property of the republic. The pretext for nationalization was the failure of the Ryabushinsky terms of the contract with the Military Department. The plant, although slowly, was being completed. In addition to assembling FIAT 15 Ter trucks from the remaining kits, orders were filled for spare parts for railway cars, vulcanizers and kerosene lamps were made. Then, in October 1918, the plant began a major overhaul of trucks coming from the front.

Construction of a blacksmith shop.

The first one and a half ton truck AMO-F-15 was assembled on the night of November 1, 1924. On November 7, a column of already ten cars marched in a parade along Red Square.

Factory workers "AMO" greet the first Soviet car leaving the factory. 1924

In 1925, the AMO plant was renamed the 1st State Automobile Plant. In 1927, I. A. Likhachev was appointed director. Production gradually increased and by 1931 6971 copies of the AMO-F-15 were made, of which 2590 units were produced in the 1929/30 business year. The design of the AMO-F-15 was also improved, which experienced two upgrades in its relatively short production cycle at AMO.

AMO-F-15 cars (1926)

In 1930, a license was purchased for the American Autocar-5C truck (Autocar-5S) for production at the AMO. The truck assembled from American kits was called AMO-2. After localization in 1931 and the launch of the conveyor (the first in the USSR), it was renamed AMO-3, and its engine power was increased compared to the early model from 54 to 72 hp. With.

In 1933, the AMO-3 truck was renamed ZIS-5. In 1934, after the completion of the reconstruction of the enterprise, the ZIS-5 went into mass production. The plant produced up to 60 cars per day! On the basis of the ZIS-5, 25 models and modifications were created, of which 19 went into series.

Workshop of the automobile plant. Stalin

The plant went down in history thanks to the production of executive cars for the first persons of the state. In November 1936, the company produced the first domestic limousine ZIS-101. It was created on the basis of the American Buick.

The first domestic limousine ZIS-101 (1937)

Conveyor of passenger cars ZIS-110 at Moskovsky car factory.

Stalin's ZIS-101.

In 1927, Ivan Likhachev came to the management of the enterprise. He graduated from a rural school, was a mechanic at the Putilov factory, a sailor from the Baltic Fleet (that is, one of that cloud of "sailors" that today is drawn by the force that scattered the country, was actually part of industrial creation - how so?), with his name associated with the intensive development of the future ZiL.

Ivan Alekseevich Likhachev

In 1928-1929. there was a party struggle, the course for the future was determined, as far as we remember from history, the government had ideas “to build socialism in one single country” and finish with the “world revolution” - Stalin spoke from this point of view. After some time, he began to implement a program to curtail the NEP and announced the need for accelerated industrialization. Stalin declared 1929 the year of the "great turning point." The result of two Stalinist five-year plans - the USSR became a major industrial power, and the once small and poorly equipped plant turned into an auto giant, the flagship of Stalinist industrialization. This is how the auto industry was born.

In the picture - Stalin and Likhachev.

Automobile plant them. Likhachev, 1937.

Truck ZIS-15. 1940

At the entrance of the ZIS plant.

ZIS-5 during the Great Patriotic War.

Armored truck ZIS-5, armed with a 20-mm ShVAK aircraft gun. Near approaches to Leningrad, October 5, 1941

ZIL at the front, in 1944.

Since 1944, the UralZIS plant located in Miass began to make the ZIS-5.

The third reconstruction of the plant began in 1946. The purpose of the reconstruction was to develop the release of new post-war products. They were trucks ZIS-150 (1947) and trucks off-road ZIS-151 (1948).

1st State Automobile Plant named after I.V. Stalin (ZiS)

In the 50s, ZIS increased its production capacity - it began to produce refrigerators, bicycles, as well as special vehicles - armored personnel carriers (ZIS-152) and amphibious vehicles (ZIS-485). A special design bureau is being created at the plant to develop special equipment designed for mobile missile systems.

Testing a car for water resistance in assembly shop No. 6 of the 1st State Automobile

plant them. I.V. Stalin.

In 1951, the plant launched the production of refrigerators, which were of excellent quality and were very strong and durable.

Stakhanovka, test fitter of the workshop for the production of home refrigerators A.V. Zemlyanskaya

inspects and tests a new batch of finished ZiS refrigerators.

July 1952

Bicycle assembly shop at the 1st State Automobile Plant. I.V. Stalin.

Bus ZIL-158 (1957)

From 1947 to 1957, the ZIL plant produced more than 770 thousand ZIS-150 vehicles (its development began even before the war) and its modifications, while the development of a new model was delayed due to government plans that provided for the prevalence of the production of trucks for the national economy over quality manufactured products. After repeated changes to the design of the ZIS-150 and its obsolescence, the question arose that its potential for modernization was completely exhausted and it was necessary to start producing new trucks.

In 1956, after the death of Likhachev, the plant was renamed in his honor and subsequent models were named ZIL.

Since 1957, the plant switched to the production of ZIL-164 ( deep modernization ZIS-150).

The main conveyor of the ZIL plant. 70s.

ZIL workers welcome the visit of Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito to Moscow in 1956.

Warehouse for finished products (1959)

In 1963, the production of a completely new truck, the ZIL-130, began. The truck received a new 150hp engine, power steering, a synchronized 5-speed gearbox, a three-seater cab with a panoramic washer windshield. The design of the truck, developed by ZIL industrial designers, was interesting. The truck was very reliable. To produce a new line based on the ZIL-130, the plant changed a lot of equipment.

Plant named after Likhachev. Sorting of freshly released trucks. 1976

In 1975, the plant began production of a new generation of 3-axle vehicles ZIL-133G1 (6 × 4) with a capacity of 8 tons. In 1977, a 10-ton truck ZIL-133G2 was added to them. The models were equipped standard engine V8 150 hp, 5-speed gearbox, hypoid final drive and balancer suspension rear wheels on semi-elliptical springs.

Since 1979, instead of ZIL-133G2, they began to produce ZIL-133GYa with KamAZ-740 diesel engines of the Kama Automobile Plant (210 hp), 10-speed gearbox, reinforced front springs.

ZIL PEU-1M 1972-79, search and evacuation units (PEU-1) for search and evacuation of descent space objects and astronauts.

In 1974, the millionth ZIL-130 was assembled on the Moscow assembly line.

The millionth ZIL-130 car.

Soviet pilot-cosmonaut Alexei Leonov (left) and Cuban Ambassador to the USSR Aguirre Del Cristo (center) in one of the workshops of the ZIL automobile plant. 1980

Early 80s. Shipment of trucks ZIL 130.

After the release of the ZIL-133, the plant returned to the development of the ZIL-169. The project was difficult, as the plant mastered for the first time a new diesel engine own design. When testing the truck, the transmission was redone, there were serious shortcomings, as a result of which the ZIL-169 reached the assembly line only by 1985, having received the ZIL-4331 index.

Conveyor ZIL. 1983

1984 Checkpoint of the Zil plant.

With the beginning of the 90s and the collapse of the USSR, the plant lost many years of intra-union ties. Under the conditions of perestroika, ZIL suffered heavy losses in important markets, and military orders ceased to arrive. The situation was further aggravated by the general drop in demand for trucks, and the competition of the West. The plant was on the verge of bankruptcy.

As a result of an active search for ways out of the crisis and modernization of the production program in 1992, a new 3-ton light vehicle half-hood layout ZIL-5301, later named the mayor of Moscow Luzhkov "Bull". In 1994, the plant began small-scale production of "Bull".

From 2004 to 2011, production volumes dropped sharply. The plant again underwent a major crisis. All attempts to bring the plant out of the crisis were unsuccessful. Negotiations with investors also failed.

By the end of 2012, the production of vehicles and spare parts was reduced, and in 2013 the Company completely stopped the production of automotive technology and auto parts.

The Moscow administration refused to produce trucks. In 2014, the legendary ZIL Plant was liquidated.