Installation of a dry stove on a car. What is an autonomous interior heater? Types of additional heating

Interior heating from a running engine is provided in all passenger cars and most commercial vehicles. Such heating is effective during the trip, as it allows you to utilize the excess heat generated during the combustion of fuel. When the car is stationary, the use of such heating is unjustified, because it reduces the life of the motor and leads to high fuel consumption, therefore, autonomous interior heaters are used as an alternative. In this article, we will talk about the design of autonomous heaters, the features of their use and safety measures that will protect you from the negative consequences of using these devices.

Types of autonomous heaters

All autonomous heaters can be divided into the following types:

• air;
• water;
• electrical;
• gasoline;
• diesel;
• gas.

The main division of heaters is made according to the method of influence - water, connected to the engine cooling system and air, heating the air in the cabin. The advantage of water independent heaters is that they not only heat the air in the cabin, but also maintain the temperature of the engine, facilitating cold starts and making long warm-up unnecessary. The downside of these heaters is the greater consumption of fuel and electricity, because it is necessary to warm not only the air, but also an uninsulated engine, which quickly releases heat into the atmosphere, so an additional battery is required to install them. If an autonomous heater is used to heat a motorhome or some building, then an air heater is many times more efficient, because a radiator will have to be installed to connect a water heater.

In addition, heaters are distinguished by the method of obtaining heat for liquid fuel, gas and electric. In liquid fuel and gas heaters, heat is obtained by burning fuel in a special chamber, which is part of the water or air register (radiator). This register takes away the heat generated during the combustion of fuel and heats the coolant, which is air or antifreeze. Then the pump drives the coolant into the cooling system or into the interior of the car.

Such heaters require connection not only to the fuel tank, but also to the outside air, as well as to a pipe that provides the output of combustion products to the atmosphere.

In electric heaters, heating is carried out using an electric heater connected to an alternating current network of 220 or 380 volts. Thanks to this, electric heaters are safer, but less autonomous, because it is not always possible to find a free outlet. It is not uncommon to find battery-powered autonomous heaters in stores, but we do not recommend buying them.

After all, even to maintain the temperature in the cabin, you need at least 10 amperes per hour. Consequently, a battery with a capacity of 75 ampere hours after 4–5 hours is unlikely to be able to create enough voltage to start a cold engine. Therefore, electric autonomous heaters will not be described in this article. You will find all the information about them in the article Engine preheater.

Models and prices of car interior heaters 12 and 24 volts

The most effective and popular models include the following:

Do-it-yourself installation of an autonomous heater on a car

The installation of electric heaters and heaters is described in detail in the article (Engine preheater), and installing a gas heater with your own hands is a serious danger. Therefore, we will not describe the connection of these devices, but we will talk about the connection of air and water heaters running on gasoline and diesel fuel.

Safety regulations

If you are going to install the heater, carefully read the article (safety for car repair and maintenance). Remember, all wires, tubes and hoses must be positioned so that they do not interfere with anyone and securely attached to the body. This will protect you from open circuits, short circuits, fuel leaks or carbon monoxide from entering the cabin. In places where wires and hoses pass through the body walls, be sure to install protective rubber cuffs that will prevent wires and hoses from being damaged by sharp metal edges. Check the fuel and water hoses for leaks at least quarterly and tighten the clamps if necessary.

The question of buying an autonomous heater (AO), as a rule, comes to the mind of motorists with the onset of cold weather. Indeed, sometimes it is more practical to use an autonomous heater than to force the engine to idle to warm up the passenger compartment. In this article we will talk about the design, types and method of installing the device on our own.

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Characteristics of an independent heater

Let's start with the characteristics of gasoline, diesel or electric AO at 12 volts. It should be noted that in practice a gasoline autonomous heater is one of the most reliable. If necessary, the driver can activate only the interior heating, and not all elements of the vehicle. The auxiliary heater can be equipped with various functions, including a timer, as well as a pre-start device. During operation of the AO, the cabin or interior of the vehicle can be warmed up in a few minutes.

Which AO device (consider the example of a diesel unit):

1. Node with a combustion chamber. This component is one of the main components of the system.
2. The autonomous interior heater is equipped with its own gas pipeline, which is connected to a common line and feeds the system itself, depending on whether the engine is functioning or not.
3. The exhaust system, which is equipped with an autonomous interior heater, is designed to release exhaust gases. Gas can be released behind the fenders or under the engine.
4. The device kit also includes clamps for its installation in the engine compartment.
5. One of the main structural elements that the parking heater has is the control unit. This component can be push-button or remote, its installation is carried out in the vehicle interior.
6. Other elements designed for the correct operation of the system in various conditions. Their availability varies by manufacturer.

This is a very handy thing, which, moreover, prolongs the life of your engine!

Principle of operation

How does a 12 or 24 volt petrol or electric parking heater work? The principle of operation of such a stove is similar to the principle of operation of a conventional hair dryer - the system simply heats the air flow entering the car interior as a result of fuel combustion. Depending on the type of system, fuel consumption during operation is around 100 grams per hour, but this figure may be different, depending on the manufacturer (the author of the video is Alexander Termokirov).

The principle of operation is as follows:

1. First, thanks to the fan, a cold air stream is driven from the vehicle interior.
2. This air stream is heated in the combustion chamber of gasoline, diesel or electric AO at 12 or 24 volts.
3. After heating, the air again enters the cabin.

Kinds

As for the types of AO for a car, there can be three of them, depending on which part of the car they will heat:

1. Air. Autonomous air heaters allow you to warm up only the air in the vehicle interior. As a rule, this type of AO is a traditional fan that simply heats the air.
2. Liquid. The liquid-type parking heater is designed to warm up the cooling system if it is not started by the engine. It can also heat the fuel system, which is no less important for cars running on an engine.
3. Oil. Such a parking heater is designed to warm up the oil line of the vehicle. The operation of such a system will speed up and also simplify the launch of the power unit during the cold season.

Also, stoves for warming up the cab and car interior can be divided according to the method of supply:

• gasoline, which run on gasoline;
• diesel, functioning, respectively, on a diesel engine;
• electric for 12 or 24 volts, powered by current.

DIY installation instructions

In order not to subsequently require repair of autonomous car heaters, most manufacturers initially recommend contacting specialists for installation. Of course, it is better to entrust the installation of such a system for a cab or car interior to professionals, especially if you are faced with such a task for the first time. But sometimes car owners have to install the AO on their own. This issue is especially relevant for motorists from small towns, in which there are simply no good specialists and, accordingly, the possibility of a high-quality installation.

In addition, it is sometimes necessary to install a gasoline or electric AO at 12 or 24 volts on your own due to the high cost of installation. However, it is always necessary to remember that car owners do not always manage to save money on self-installation of AO. After all, if you accidentally break at least one 12 or 24 Volt electrical joint-stock mount, this can lead to serious financial costs.

So, in order to independently install the electrical system at 12 or 24 volts in the cab or interior of the car, you must perform the following steps:

1. First of all, in order to correctly install gasoline, diesel or electric 18 volt AO, you need to decide on the installation site of the stove heater itself. To do this, you need to find a place in the engine compartment that will be the most optimal.
2. The next step in the installation of a 12-volt gasoline or electric joint-stock company will be laying the line. If this is an electric version of 12 volts, then it can be powered by a cigarette lighter or battery. Appropriately, you must connect the power of the device to or cigarette lighter. If we are talking about the fuel option, then a line should be connected to the stove heater, which can go directly from the tank or fuel pump. If necessary, you can use the branching in the engine compartment.
3. Next, an electrical connection must be made to activate the operation of the control unit. The block itself is desirable to be placed in the vehicle interior. Please note that the unit must not be exposed to moisture and high temperatures, as this will negatively affect its functionality. For connection, you can use an unloaded circuit protected by a fuse. The use of a fuse or relay is important because power surges can burn out the control unit. But, as practice shows, blocks from well-known manufacturers, as a rule, serve for a long time.
4. Then you need to conduct air ducts from the device to the vehicle interior. For this, as a rule, the lines of the regular stove of the machine or other openings are used.
5. Make sure that there are no gaps at the entry points of the heating pipes, as this will lead to cold air flow into the passenger compartment. In order to get rid of the gaps, use the sealing elements that should come with the kit.
6. After the additional interior heater is installed, it is necessary to check its performance. It is advisable to do this before you start assembling all the components of the engine compartment. Turn on the stove and, in accordance with the operating instructions, check the operation of the system in all modes. More details about the installation of such a system are described in the video (the author of the video is Timur Safin).

Operation features

What you need to consider when using the device in order to prevent its accelerated failure:

1. When buying such a system, it is necessary to carefully study the features of installation, as well as use. Carefully read all the manufacturer's recommendations, pay attention to the power parameter of the device itself. In the event that the power of the system does not correspond to a similar parameter of the on-board network of the machine, the installation of such an AO is not allowed, since it can cause problems.
2. Each time the system is put into operation, it is necessary to check its performance. Make sure there are no leaks or any damage.
3. When using a gas type heater, make sure that fuel does not leak out during installation. A gas leak can lead to poisoning of passengers and the motorist.
4. Never turn on the heating system to the maximum mode. Be aware that excessive heating of the airflow can lead to poor health. This is because the heated air then will be very dry, respectively, you will need to ventilate the cabin more often.

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Video "AO testing after system installation"

In the video below you can see how the installed interior heating system is tested (the author of the video is Slava Petrov).

A working stove in the car is very good, especially if it is winter outside. After all, driving a car when it is cold in the cabin is very inconvenient, and sometimes dangerous. But often ordinary regular stoves require a large amount of electrical energy and fuel to work effectively. To reduce fuel consumption, car owners began to use an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater. These devices have a number of serious advantages over regular stoves. One of the benefits is battery and fuel savings.

What is this device

Autonomous heaters are units designed to heat the air in the passenger compartment of a car or process fluids in a car with the engine turned off. Depending on what the heater should heat, it is divided into several types:

• Air devices.
• Liquid.
• Oil.

Autonomous interior air heater is intended for heating only interior air.

This is an ordinary fan heater that pumps a hot stream. Fluid heaters can heat the antifreeze in the cooling system even when it is not active, as well as the fuel system. This is important for diesel powertrains. Also, a liquid autonomous heater will be used for heating the interior, including the windshield. Oil autonomous heaters are designed to heat up the lubrication lines in the system. This greatly simplifies starting the engine in severe frosts.

Is it worth installing

If we talk about the rationality of installing such equipment, it depends on how often the car is operated in winter. If the owner drives the car only a few times during the month, then an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater is not needed.

To warm up the working units, you can use standard standard tools. If you have to drive every day, then an additional heating system will significantly help save money, as well as preserve your health. Particularly relevant is an autonomous 12-volt diesel heater for truck drivers and for those who work in a taxi.

How much can you save

If autonomous stoves are used intensively, it is possible to save from 25 to 100 liters of fuel during the season. But everyone has their own percentage of savings. It depends on how the vehicle is used, how you drive, and the type of equipment installed.

Classification of autonomous vehicles by type of fuel

Car heaters are distinguished by functionality. But they can also be classified by the type of fuel on which this equipment operates. Devices are also distinguished by power. So, there is an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater, there are electrical devices, and gasoline-powered equipment.

Electrical equipment for 12 and 24 V

Most of all modern salon autonomy, which are in use by modern motorists, are designed to operate at a voltage of 12 or 24 V. For many, it is not entirely clear what to buy and what will be more efficient and safer.

However, everything is very simple. Low-power 12-volt devices are intended for installation in passenger cars. They are ideal for inclusion in the on-board network. At the same time, the power is quite enough to heat a small cabin space. 24-volt equipment is designed for use in trucks.

Gas heater

This group of equipment operates on liquefied gas. Due to its combustion, a special fan is activated. The latter provides natural processes for the circulation of air flows in the cabin. The air is heated to certain temperatures. To make this process faster, many devices have additional fans.

These devices can work even if the engine is turned off. The device also does not need electrical energy, which cannot be said about a regular stove. So, even if you need to stand in one place for a long time, the battery will not sit down, and the driver will not freeze.

Among the advantages of this equipment is the complete absence of electronics and high reliability of the design. In addition, the devices are not dangerous for the driver. During the combustion process, air is taken from the outside. Exhaust gases are also released into the atmosphere. To ensure that this heater can work, it is only necessary to equip it with cylinders. Considering the difference in price between LPG, gasoline and diesel, this is a fairly cost-effective solution.

Among the shortcomings - the possibility of heating only the cabin. On what car can such an autonomous interior heater be installed?

Such units are put on the GAZelle very often. The device is installed in the cab, under the passenger seats.

Petrol heaters

In this category of equipment, not saloon, but pre-start engine heaters are more common. The devices are compact, and due to the fact that they are most often placed under the hood, their operation is silent. Such equipment can defrost the windshield. As for fuel consumption, it is approximately 0.5 l / h.

Cabin petrol heaters are suitable if only large passenger compartments need to be heated. For small cars, the effect of burning gasoline will be too high. It is better in this case to use an autonomous interior heater for 12 volt diesel.

Diesel autonomy

According to the device and principle of operation, such equipment practically does not differ from gasoline. The disadvantage is that diesel can burn poorly in severe frost. Therefore, sometimes there may be difficulties with the launch of such devices. But modern equipment, for example, a German Webasto 12-volt diesel autonomous interior heater, is protected from such problems.

The principle of operation of an autonomous stove

It doesn’t matter what fuel this or that device runs on, because the principle of operation of the heaters is the same. Fuel that is supplied by an electromagnetic pump, which is embedded in the line near the fuel tank, is supplied in certain doses to the combustion chamber - to a special evaporator.

As the latter, a high temperature resistant body with a large surface area can be used. On some models, this is a stainless steel mesh package. If we consider an autonomous interior heater for 12 volt diesel "Planar", then here a plate heat exchanger is used as an evaporator.

In front of it is a glow plug. Air enters the combustion chamber of the heater through a special supercharger. The fins of the evaporator are blown by a fan, due to which the interior is heated. Modern devices are equipped with electronic control units. They protect the stove from overheating, automatically regulate the temperature.

When the driver turns on the autonomous interior heater for 12 volt diesel Planar (or any other), the electronics diagnoses and starts. Voltage rises at the glow plug. Next, the fuel mixture is fed into the chamber. The combustion process is controlled by electronics and sensors. When the combustion becomes stable, the glow plug will turn off.

"Planar 4D"

These are diesel air interior heaters with a power of 4 kW. Temperatures and flow rates can be adjusted. Model 4D-12 is suitable for cars whose on-board network is designed for 12 V. "Planar 4D-24" is designed for trucks, as well as for buses.

In the maximum power mode, the heater is able to warm the air in the cabin of small buses. During operation, the level of energy consumption is up to 4 A / h, which is not critical.

Webasto

Under this brand, some of the most popular heaters with a power of up to 2 kW are produced among drivers. A feature of the Air Top 2000 ST series is that the equipment can work with different types of fuel. There are adjustments for temperature and air supply. During operation, the system consumes no more than 4 A / h of energy. For those who want to purchase such an autonomous interior heater for 12 volts diesel, the average price is 50 thousand rubles.

Products "Webasto" is considered a reference. The peculiarity of this particular equipment is in a solid-cast aluminum heat exchanger, which contributes to almost maximum efficiency. The design is such that the heater can be conveniently installed under the hood of a car.

Do-it-yourself autonomous heating in the car interior - is it possible

If you look at the principle of operation of diesel and gasoline equipment, we can say that the device is quite simple. In fact, with some experience, you can assemble an autonomous 12-volt diesel interior heater with your own hands. But it will not have an electronic control unit. And if it is, then without all the functions that are in systems from well-known manufacturers. If you do not need electronics, then the assembly of the structure is not difficult.

How to install a heater

The installation process is a simple operation. It is necessary to find a place for the device, connect the system to the fuel line, then make pipelines for air intake and exhaust gases. The latter will go outside. Then it remains only to connect the electronics and electrical wires.

Installation of an autonomous interior heater is possible with your own hands. For this, you do not need to contact specialists. However, there will be no guarantee for the installation either.

Conclusion

So, we found out what this heater is. Autonomy is a very useful thing, especially if you often operate a car in winter. Its use does not require the operation of the engine and regular stove. The equipment is completely autonomous. Turnkey installation in specialized services will cost about 50-70 thousand rubles. The cheapest option is the 12 Volt Planar. The device is suitable for passenger cars and minibuses.

The thin metal body of a passenger car or truck cab instantly reacts to fluctuations in atmospheric temperature. In summer, the temperature in the cabin can rise to 40 - 50 degrees. In winter, the temperature in the cabin or cabin differs from the outside frost by 2-3 degrees. Drivers and passengers of vehicles are saved from summer overheating by turning on the air conditioner or opening windows. In winter, only the car's heating system can provide a normal temperature in the cabin. In the climatic conditions of Russia, the normal operation of a car heater is relevant for two-thirds of the year.

The principle of operation of the car heater

In the history of the car, there were even such types of interior heating as compact coal and wood stoves, gas lamps. Later, exhaust gases were used for heating. Automakers have practically abandoned the water interior heating, which was used in some models of passenger buses. Heated water circulating through pipelines under the seats and on the walls of the cabin was quickly cooled, the heating system was characterized by low efficiency.

Modern heating systems mainly use engine coolant to heat the cabin, with its help, heated and filtered atmospheric air. A fan is used for forced air intake. The air is heated by the heat transfer of a running car engine, the intensity of its supply is regulated manually or automatically.

A normally functioning car heater, which drivers simply call a "stove", in winter heats the air in the cabin up to 20 - 25 degrees Celsius. An additional function of the car stove is to warm up the foggy or icy windows of the car, thawing the frozen windshield wipers.

Types of heating systems

In general, car stoves are divided into regular ones (installed by the automaker) and additional ones that car owners install on their own. For most foreign cars, the car heater is assembled in a single unit with air conditioning, making up the climate system.

Design of regular heating systems

The stationary heating system of a car with an internal combustion engine (diesel or gasoline) uses the working heating of the motor as a heat source.

For most heating systems, an air intake fan and a heat exchanger (stove radiator) are installed in front of the partition of the engine compartment. The heat exchanger is connected by the outlet and inlet pipelines to the cooling system of the automobile engine. Atmospheric air blown by the fan heats up when passing through the radiator cells. After that, the heated air passes through the cabin filter and is fed through pipelines to the cabin ventilation deflectors.

Engine cooling system

For various models of cars, the deflectors are located in the center console, in the center and on the sides of the dashboard, under the windshield, and can exit at the feet of the rear passengers. The normal temperature of a running engine of 90 degrees provides heating of the air supplied to the cabin, up to 30 - 35 degrees.

An important quality of the heating system is the regulation of the supply of warm air. The strength of the air supply is regulated by turning the knob or pressing the button with the fan icon (for air conditioning systems).

Manual adjustments of the direction of air to the sides of the deflector dampers are very approximate. Climate control is much more accurate. After the driver sets the desired temperature in the on-board computer, the climate control unit automatically adjusts the opening or closing position of the dampers using temperature sensors through servomotors.

The device of a modern interior heater with air conditioning

Heating systems of many car models can use direct and recirculation modes of heated air supply. The recirculation mode works with the main air intake damper closed. In this position, the exhaust fan of the heating system uses only the volume of air from the passenger compartment. At the same time, the air temperature rises, unpleasant smells of road dust and automobile exhausts disappear in the cabin.

The recirculation mode works most effectively in automatic climate control installations. The climate control unit, guided by the readings of gas analyzers, automatically switches on the recirculation mode when harmful substances are detected in the atmospheric air. Also, the recirculation mode is automatically turned off if the percentage of carbon dioxide in the cabin from the breath of passengers rises.

Autonomous interior heaters

In addition to the heating functions when the engine is on, in some cases it is necessary to provide pre-heating of the passenger compartment and engine warm-up. To do this, autonomous heaters and preheaters are installed on trucks and passenger cars. Among the quality manufacturers of autonomous heaters, the brands Webasto, Eberspacher, the Russian brand Planar stand out.

Despite the distrust of car owners to autonomous heaters, the benefits of such a device are obvious. When using it, an idle warm-up of the engine is not needed, which brings significant fuel savings. Using the remote activation of the autonomous heater, the driver gets behind the wheel into a warm cabin with clean windows and “wipers” ready for work. Reduces engine wear by eliminating cold start with cooled oil.

For trucks in a number of EU countries, autonomous heaters are legally recognized as mandatory equipment. Without them, drivers of long-distance trucks are prohibited from spending the night or resting in cabins at roadside parking lots and cargo parking lots. Thus, the European authorities are struggling with additional emissions of harmful exhaust gases from working engines into the atmosphere, and reduce the noise level.

Most often, autonomous heaters operate on the main fuel of the engine. Therefore, their models are divided into gasoline, diesel, gas. By design, these heaters are similar.

All models, assembled in a separate compact case, use:

• sealed combustion chamber;
• fuel supply pipeline from a regular fuel tank;
• air blower;
• circulation pump;
• heat exchanger;
• spark plug or glow plug;
• overheating sensor;
• Control block.

Gasoline air heaters for passenger cars are more compact. With a power of up to 46 kW, they can be installed under the hood of a car. Diesel heaters and pre-start liquid engine heaters for trucks are characterized by greater power (up to 82 kW) and dimensions.

The electric autonomous heater does not use automobile fuel, it works on the principle of a fan heater. The heating device is often called an auto-hair dryer. In a hermetically sealed ceramic body, there are suction and exhaust fans, an electric coil or ceramic elements that heat the air. An autonomous electric hair dryer, powered by a battery through the cigarette lighter, does not have enough power to fully heat the interior, so it is used as an additional source of heating.

A stationary electric heater of a similar design, powered by an on-board electrical network, has become the basis of the heating system of electric vehicles. It is he who provides thermal comfort in the cabin, built into the climate system unit and supplemented by heating all the seats in the car.

Maintenance and repair of heating systems of passenger vehicles

Self-maintenance of the heating systems of passenger cars usually comes down to replacing the cabin filter, which must be changed after 7000 - 15000 kilometers (depending on the dustiness of the area, the gas content of the urban atmosphere). The replacement procedure can be quite complicated, as it requires disassembly of the glove box or control pedals.

Replacing the cabin as well as air filters is recommended to be changed at less than once every 15 thousand km.

Typical stove malfunctions usually appear simultaneously with a deterioration in engine cooling and are associated with clogging of radiators with dirt, dust, and poplar fluff. Self-cleaning of radiators by rough mechanical methods is not recommended, since the thin metal of the heat exchanger is easily damaged. When contacting a car service, mechanics clean the radiators with compressed air or a water jet, observing the maximum possible pressure. In case of more complex breakdowns of a regular or autonomous heater, it is better to use the help of qualified specialists.

Repair of the heating system may require replacement of:

• radiator (with mechanical wear of cells, antifreeze leaks);
• impeller or fan motor;
• branch pipes and tees;
• elements of the electrical control circuit (resistors, controllers, temperature sensors);
• damper drive microreducers;
• heater taps;
• air damper servo drives;
• recirculation valves;
• operating mode switches.

All dismantling and installation work with the heating system must be carried out according to the manufacturer's technological maps. Repair requires accurate diagnosis, knowledge of the location of the system nodes, methods of disassembly and assembly. Qualified car services, simultaneously with the repair of the stove, disinfect the interior and air ventilation ducts, and wash the radiator.

If you make such a heater, you can effortlessly heat the interior of any car in winter. This will be especially true for those who have a broken stove in the car or there is no rear window heating. You can make a small heater yourself and it will not be difficult. As a basis for the manufacture of such a fan heater, the author decided to use an old computer power supply.

Materials and tools for manufacturing:
- a power supply from a computer or a case from it;
- a small fan (it is in the power supply);
- soldering iron with solder;
- wires;
- a piece of tile;
- eight small bolts with nuts for fixing the heating element;
- nichrome wire.

Heater manufacturing process:

Step one. Preparing the body
First of all, you need to take the old power supply and disassemble it. You have to take everything out of it. It is necessary to remove the main electronic board, it is screwed with several self-tapping screws. You also need to remove the switch and connectors, as they can emit an unpleasant odor when heated.

Step two. Preparing the heating element
Nichrome wire will be used as a heating element. Springs of a certain diameter and length are made from it. To do this, the wire is wound on any cone. Here it is important to correctly calculate the load, because otherwise the car's electrical network will be overloaded, and this is fraught with undercharging of the battery and other consequences.

For example, in a Daewoo Sens car there is a 70Amp generator. In this case, you can make a heater that consumes about 10-15A, this will not affect the operation of the car's electrical network.

When the springs of the desired length are created, they then need to be fixed. For these purposes, the author used pieces of ordinary tiles. Holes need to be drilled in it, and then bolts are inserted here, and with the help of them the wire is attached. After the design is assembled, it is installed in the power supply housing.

Step three. Assembling the structure
at the final stage, the structure is assembled. Now you need to install the fan. The author has it installed in the regular place of the power supply. That is, the fan is installed in another part of the block body. As a result, when the structure is assembled, the fan will drive the air through the hot nichrome wire and at the exit it will be already warm.

Well, in conclusion, the system will only need to be connected to a power source. It goes without saying that the wiring must be reliable, since the heater consumes a lot of energy, and for safety, the system must have a fuse. The installation of the heater must also be approached carefully, it must be well fixed in the cabin and must not jump on it while driving.