How to use an automatic transmission correctly. How to use an automatic transmission

Automatic transmission - a good option for novice drivers who are just learning to drive a car. When driving a car with automatic transmission, the motorist does not need to monitor the gear shift when driving in different modes. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the points in the instructions for the automatic transmission in detail and find out what you can’t do when using automatic transmission.

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Operating modes of automatic transmissions

In order to properly use the automatic transmission, first we suggest understanding the purpose of the main operating modes of the unit.

Main functions

What features are in all automatic transmissions:

1. P mode or park. When this position is activated, the transmission locks the undercarriage of the machine, regardless of whether it is equipped with front or rear drive. As a result, the vehicle will not move, all gears are disabled when P mode is activated. This position must not be turned on if the vehicle is still in motion and has not come to a complete stop.
2. R mode. This function is designed to allow the vehicle to be driven in reverse. Its activation is allowed after a complete stop. vehicle.
3. Neutral gear N. If there are malfunctions in the operation of the automatic transmission or power unit when the engine cannot be started, the N mode will allow you to move the machine forward and backward for short distances. Unlike mechanical transmissions, the neutral mode on the machine has certain features of operation. It is not allowed to turn it on in traffic jams, its activation is possible in emergency cases.
4. Mode D or Drive. Designed to ensure the movement of the machine forward. In automatic transmissions, this mode has a lock against accidental activation. If it is necessary to switch from the Drive function, this can only be done if the driver presses the brake pedal.
5. "4-3-2-L" function. Belongs to the category of special modes used to operate the vehicle in different conditions. In each of these positions, a certain number of speeds can be applied. For example, in mode 3, three gears are involved, and in position L, only one speed works. Thanks to this feature, the automatic transmission does not overheat the power unit. The first three functions are best used when driving uphill.

From the video of the channel Open Studio Kostroma you can learn about the operation of the machine with automatic transmission gears.

Tiptronic mode

One of the features of modern automatic transmissions is the presence of the Tiptronic function. This type of gearbox refers to automatic transmissions that support manual transmission control. Thanks to its presence, the driver can control the process of movement in difficult conditions. If you are tired of driving an automatic transmission, you can switch to manual control. At the checkpoint in the car, in addition to the traditional modes, you will see a special recess with the symbols "+" and "-". "+" - upshift, from first and above, and "-" - downshift.

Sports modes

In the transmissions of some car models, there is a sport mode function - Sport or Kickdown. Activating this position allows you to spin up the speed of the power unit and artificially switch to a lower gear. If necessary, the sports modes allow you to achieve a sharp acceleration, for example, when you need to overtake on the highway. When enabled, this position is used maximum power motor, but given function generally uneconomical for continuous use.

Other modes

Depending on the car manufacturer, the automatic transmission may have other operating modes:

1. D3 or S - reduced speed. A good option for operating the vehicle when driving uphill. By activating this position, the driver can brake and control the machine more effectively.
2. D2. This is usually equivalent to the L or 2 position. Also a reduced speed function for driving downhill or uphill. Its use is relevant when moving on sand, ice or when driving in difficult conditions.
3. Economic - E. Activating it allows you to economically use engine power to reduce fuel consumption.
4. Winter mode. It can be marked as "Snow", "W", "HOLD", "Winter". When this position is activated, a gentle driving mode is activated on snowy terrain, for example, when driving on ice or mud. In most vehicles, this provision has limitations in regular use due to the increased load on the mechanisms and transmission assembly. Due to overheating, its use is not allowed in the warm season when driving on dry asphalt.

How to use the automatic transmission

In order to prevent problems in the operation of an automatic transmission, you need to learn how to operate it correctly and take into account the rules for using and driving.

How to start moving:

1. The brake pedal is sunk into the floor. The gear lever shifts from park or neutral to D-drive.
2. The machine is removed from the parking brake.
3. The brake pedal is gently released and as a result, the car starts to move forward smoothly.
4. To increase the speed of movement, the driver presses the gas pedal. The harder he presses, the more the speed increases. To reset it, you just need to release the gas pedal. automatic transmission in automatic mode will start slowing down.
5. If you need to quickly slow down or stop, the driver presses the brake pedal. If necessary further movement just press on the gas.
6. Please note that during this operation, the automatic transmission should always work in position D. Disabling this mode is possible for a long stop.

Transmission control features:

1. Automatic units should not be used cold at high loads. If it is summer outside, after parking, the car still needs to be warmed up by driving a few km at a reduced speed and not performing accelerations or other maneuvers. Keep in mind that the transmission takes longer to warm up than the car's engine. In order for the lubricant in the automatic transmission system to heat up faster, it is recommended to turn on all positions on the lever. Or, before driving, turn on the winter mode, if it is supported by the machine of your car.
2. Stick to driving on smooth roads. Most modern cars have a negative attitude towards driving on uneven surfaces, unless we are talking about a car specifically designed for such roads.
3. Press on the brake and start moving after parking should be smooth. Such operating conditions lead to an increase in the distance between the clutches of an automatic transmission. As a result, jerks will appear when you switch gears. The operation of the car will become less comfortable. With a sharp start, the seals begin to rub against the drum, which leads to their rapid wear. Grooves and retaining rings wear out, resulting in wear products in the form of metal chips in the system. As a result, when switching the selector, a crack and crunch will appear. Under high loads, bearing elements break quickly.

Features of use in winter

No less important for the unit correct operation transmission in winter time of the year. If you do not take into account the basic requirements, there will be problems in the operation of the automatic transmission that will lead to malfunctions.

Channel Avtotema TV talked about how to drive and use automatic transmission in the winter season.

What to consider when operating a machine with a machine gun in the cold season:

1. If you need to enter a turn, and there is ice on the roads, the maneuver is performed at a reduced speed. Either hit the brakes before the turn, or shift into low gear on the Tiptronic when it comes to manual control.
2. In the cold season, before driving, it is necessary to warm up the car to operating temperature. It is important that the antifreeze has time to heat up, which cools the transmission, as well as the oil in the box. When the lubricant warms up, it will become viscous, this will allow it to circulate through all the lines of the system.
3. If the driver needs to go urgently, it is recommended to warm up the unit to at least 40 degrees. Before the engine of the car warms up to operating temperature, it is advisable not to exceed the driving speed of more than 40 km / h, the engine speed should be no more than two thousand per minute. Avoid very sharp accelerations.
4. When the engine is started and warmed up to the desired temperature, move the gearbox control selector several times to all modes. In each position, you need to linger for a few seconds. This will circulate consumable on highways transmission system. The driver must apply the brakes.
5. At low negative temperatures, the first time before the internal combustion engine warms up, it is necessary to drive in a gentle mode. This will prevent rapid wear of the automatic transmission components.
6. If you cannot start the engine, you can not try to do it with the help of a tug. Automatic transmissions do not tolerate towing either in winter or in the warm season.

Traffic jams

Let's dwell on how to switch gears at a traffic light and drive a car in traffic jams. If you get stuck in a traffic jam, it is recommended to let the automatic transmission rest for a while. This will reduce the load on the units of the unit and ensure its more economical operation. If the automatic transmission selector is moved to position D, then when the brake is pressed, the engine will try to push the stopped car. The neutral position is switched on, the brake pedal is not released.

If you have to stand in a traffic jam for a long time, the parking mode is activated.

The transmission will lock the wheels and rest the driver's legs.

Paddle switches

The use of paddle shifters is relevant on Tiptronic. The rules for operating the unit are generally identical. The gear selector can be switched to the "+" or "-" mode to increase or decrease speed. The steering wheel has similar switches with the same symbols. To increase the speed, while driving, press the "+", and to reset - on the "-". The use of paddle shifters is relevant in dynamic driving conditions. Thanks to them, the driver can change the intensity of acceleration and increase the speed of the power unit.

Channel “Learning to drive. fan channel main road”Told about the nuances of operating automatic transmissions.

How not to use automatic transmission

To prevent failure of the transmission, you need to study in detail the instructions for the automatic transmission and take into account the following rules:

1. Towing a car with automatic transmission is not allowed. On classic transmissions, there is no rigid connection between the wheels of the car and the power unit, so in principle it will not work to start the engine by towing.
2. When driving on high speed When trying to shift the automatic transmission lever, watch the gears. If you drive fast and accidentally switch to first or second gear, the car will brake sharply, a jerk will occur. This is fraught with serious skidding and an accident.
3. While driving, switching the positions of the automatic transmission selector is not allowed. If the Drive mode is on, then move the lever to the position neutral gear or parking is not allowed, it will damage the unit.
4. If the vehicle stops on a slope, it is necessary to turn on hand brake. Otherwise, the locking device may be damaged.
5. The inclusion of a neutral gear when driving in traffic jams is only allowed in the heat. At high temperatures heated gear lubricant cool down faster, permanent use neutral speed undesirable. Its activation is relevant when it is necessary to move the vehicle in emergency cases.
6. It is not recommended to experiment with different oils especially with lubricant additives. If additives do not match the specifications of the transmission, their use will lead to undesirable consequences. When replacing a consumable, please refer to the car manufacturer to the use of oil.
7. Eliminate wheel spin. This requirement is relevant for winter, when ice or snow prevails on the street. Especially it is impossible to slip on asphalt. Modern machines equipped traction control systems which is important for automatic transmission. If the car is stuck in the snow, the impact of such a system should be minimized, but it will not work completely.
8. Always follow the deadlines Maintenance unit specified by the manufacturer.
9. Do not tow other vehicles or trailers, automatic transmissions are not designed for this. The unit has a certain margin of safety. And if the gearbox does not fail immediately, then over time, the operation of the car under high loads will lead to malfunctions. If you plan to use a trailer, then refrain from buying a car with an automatic transmission or buy a crossover or SUV.

User JoRick Revazov spoke about the nuances of operation and mistakes that should not be made when operating an automatic transmission.

1. When carrying out repair work, be careful and prevent new damage from appearing at the checkpoint.
2. The place where the repair is carried out should be as clean as possible. Otherwise, dirt and debris may enter the gearbox, which will subsequently lead to contamination and poor performance. Because of this, when performing repair work, it is not necessary to use knitted gloves or wipe transmission components with such rags. It is better to use nylon rags or napkins.
3. The components and elements of the automatic transmission during repairs must be washed and dried compressed air. Used to clean steel components washing powder. Concerning friction linings, as well as plastic and rubber elements, gear oil is used to clean them.
4. In case of damage to the gearbox housing, it is necessary to disassemble and flush cooling system transmission.
5. Always keep an eye on the level of lubricant in the box and its condition. If the oil loses its properties, it becomes less viscous, dark, wear products appear in it.
6. When disassembling the unit for repair, all parts and mechanisms must be put on the table in the order from dismantling, so as not to confuse the elements during assembly. Pay attention to the installation location of thrust washers, sealing components, valves, thrust rings, crankcase screws.
7. If the transmission of your car is equipped with a chain drive, then during the repair it is diagnosed for rapid wear. To check, measure its deflection in the middle of the chain itself in two directions. Its total deflection should be no more than 2.7 cm. If this parameter is greater, then the chain needs to be replaced.
8. When making repairs, remember how the cables are connected and the plugs with wires are connected to the valve box. If you mix up the connectors during further connection, this will lead to malfunctions in the gearbox. Sometimes it is problematic to dismantle the plugs, try not to pull the connectors by the wires.
9. If the hydraulic accumulator springs are similar and you can mix them up, label or mark them. When the spring elements differ in color, the color should not be used as an indication of the installation site. If the parts are placed incorrectly, this will affect the quality of the transmission shift.
10. Be careful when removing the brake band. Its deformation will lead to problems in operation. Damaged tape must be replaced.
11. After thorough washing and drying of parts and components, all elements must be visual diagnostics. It is necessary to identify the level of wear and understand whether they can continue to be used. Carefully inspect the contact surfaces of the bushings and thrust washers; if there is damage or signs of wear, these components are replaced. There must be no traces of rust, delamination, etc. on the housing of the bearing elements.
12. When repairing, it may be difficult to remove the gaskets. To prevent the appearance of defects on the aluminum surface of the crankcase and to qualitatively remove the remnants of the seal, use a special aerosol and a plastic scraper, but not a metal one. Otherwise, you will damage the surface itself, which may cause leakage of the lubricant.
13. When installing paper gaskets, they must be thoroughly dried. Installation of elements on hermetic glue is not allowed.
14. The screws on the gearbox housing are only tightened torque wrench. The tightening torque is specified in service book for operation. If the screws are not tightened correctly, the valves will stick, lubricant will leak and defects will appear on the internal elements and details.
15. When assembling bearing elements and seals, experts advise using technical petroleum jelly. Application lubricant not allowed as this type of liquid does not dissolve in gear oil unlike vaseline. If motor lubricant gets into the transmission control system, it will clog the filter devices and lines.
16. Before installing the brake band or friction discs, these components must be soaked in transmission fluid for half an hour.

Features of adaptation of the unit

After performing repair work and dismantling the automatic transmission with further installation, it is necessary to adapt the automatic transmission. The adaptation procedure can be performed in different ways. It all depends on the specific type of automatic transmission, car and year of manufacture.

Universal instructions for adaptation:

1. Start the car engine and warm it up.
2. Stop the engine for five seconds, then start it again.
3. Increase the speed of the power unit to about 3 thousand per minute.
4. Stop the engine for five seconds and start it again.
5. Hold down the brake pedal. Move the automatic transmission selector to each position in turn.
6. Get moving. Do not make sudden accelerations, move smoothly.
7. Accelerate to 40 km / h, so drive for about one minute, then slowly release the gas pedal and stop the car.
8. Shut down the engine and start it up.
9. Accelerate to 80 km / h, at this speed you need to drive for one minute, then stop and turn off the engine.
10. Start the ICE.
11. For twenty minutes, you need to ride in different modes, adhering to the same speed.
12. Remove any traces of transmission fluid from the bottom of the transmission. Drive the car for about 20 km, the engine load should be low. Make sure no oil is leaking from the gearbox. Check its level and add lubricant to the system.

Photo gallery

Photos of automatic transmissions in different cars are given below.

1. Automatic transmission shift lever in a Mercedes 2. BMW automatic transmission selector 3. Automatic transmission in a Skoda Rapid

Now many newly minted motorists decide for themselves which car to choose. The most, perhaps, important criterion it's the choice of transmission - and as sales statistics tell us - automatic transmission is growing exponentially. It is understandable in the city is very convenient. However, on many automatic transmissions, there is a so-called “manual mode” when you change gears in a physical way, usually this is a plus and minus on the lever (made with a button like mine) or shifting the gear lever. BUT WHY is there a manual mode on the machine? Are we taking a fully automated process? Today will figure out...

To be honest, such a solution is correctly implemented - only on torque converters and on robots, that is, you physically shift gears, for example, such a solution is also present on the variator, but there it is a purely software feature, because the variator gearbox is stepless, that is, it has no physical transfers.

Oh well, in general - there is a presence on almost any automatic transmission, but for what ??? Such mechanical mode many are brain-teasing — it seems to be moving away from mechanics, but it is here again, it turns out “rubbish”!

It absolutely does not require special skills, it turns on - elementary. Personally, on my machine, it’s enough to move the lever to the “M” position, you will see a speed gradation on the instrument panel, “M1”, “M2”, “M3”, etc., for example, I have six steps, which means top gear "M6".

As for switching - you can do it as from a parking lot, that is, start off in manual control, or already at speed, transfer the box to mechanics and adjust as needed! It can be done this way and that, no matter, for the automatic transmission it does no harm.

Why is this mode useful?

To be honest, some time ago, there were no such manual modes! In 85% of cases, a simple driver does not experience any discomfort from this, you quickly get used to the machine and adapt, then you don’t even notice how it works. However, the mechanical mode is often simply necessary, one cannot do without it, let's list:

• Wheel slip or off-road.
• Slide.
• Speed.
• Gear braking and cornering.
• Traffic jams.

Yes, yes, you heard right for these points and the manual mode is important, that is, it gives you more possibilities than the "brain" of the machine. Of course, it is possible to pass all these obstacles on the automatic transmission, but some points are simply unsolvable for him, as we say the first one. Let's go into more detail.

Slipping or off-road

IN our snowy homeland - oh, how necessary. If you do not put the automatic transmission in manual mode, then as the speed increases, it will try to shift to a higher gear, thereby “choking” itself. I myself personally encountered this, for example, you start to slip, the car seems to make its way through the snow a little - and it bangs into the second or third, there are not enough revolutions and the car gets up. This is where the mechanical mode helps, turned on strictly the first one and “fights” snowdrifts (drifts will be in the video below).

The situation is absolutely the same with mud, because in fact the movements in these two environments do not differ, and here and there we skid, the gears that we have chosen are important to us, that is, we think for ourselves.

Slide

Here, manual control is also pleasing - when driving from a protracted hill, you ease the pressure on the gas pedal, the machine will try to switch to a lower gear after some time, which will indirectly stop the car! You can manually leave the overdrive until the hill is completed. Thus, you save fuel, because turn on.

Speed

Not always modern machines, smart. That is, the pressure on the gas pedal is not always adequately perceived. What if you need to accelerate sharply, and the automatic transmission does not understand this, of course, now almost everyone has KIK DOWN, they pressed the pedal to the floor and the engine quickly “spun up”! But here's what to do - if you need to get around a large truck or trucks, and you need to leave the overdrive for a long time? This is where the manual mode will help, just “lower” to the desired gear, at speed let’s say it is “5” or even “4”, and we press the “gas to the floor”, after driving around the trucks we switch to auto mode.

Gear braking and cornering

• A controversial plus, but worth noting - this, if you like, came to us from the "mechanics" when you switched from high to low and stop the car - let's say on slippery roads. After all, the wheels are not blocked, braking is more effective. On the machine, now you can also do this, for example, you drive in 6th gear - there are obstacles in front, in the distance, and the road is icy, the car does not adequately behave when you press the gas pedal. Just mechanically downshift and the car will get up, slowly and confidently, then bring it to a complete stop with the brake pedal. As I said, this method is controversial, because now there are a lot of sensors and systems (ABS, EBD, ESP, etc.) that will help stop the car without the participation of the box, but God saves the safe.

• This is the entry into turns, if you go at high speed, then you should switch to a manual gear lower, and you no longer need to use the brake, the speed drops, the turn is passed.

As you understand, this item, nevertheless, is for lovers of freedom of action who are experimenting with the "automatic" at speeds.

Traffic jams

Also a controversial point, but I met on many forums.

Many people use manual mode for driving in traffic jams. "How?" - you ask. Yes, simply, the machine will always jump from first to second, respectively, fuel consumption will increase. In order to somehow reduce it, you can choose a “pure” second gear and use it to overcome the traffic jam! However, it is worth noting that acceleration should not be sharp, yet second gear is not for starting a car.

In fact, these are all advantages. manual mode automatic transmission, I personally noted for myself and constantly use it - when slipping and when driving downhill, the rest is not so important!

Now watch the video lesson.

This concludes, read our AUTOBLOG, there will be much more useful.

Cars with automatic transmission are in crazy demand. This is due to their reliability and ease of control for the driver. But, despite the popularity of such transmissions, not all car owners know how to use them. One of the most common mistakes is untimely inclusion winter regime automatic boxes, when operating the car in the cold season. In addition, modes can be used in frost, the inclusion of which, during this period, is prohibited. If you do not know how to use the device correctly, then the automatic transmission may fail. The result is the need to contact the service station and additional costs.

Features of the automatic transmission independent choice gear ratio, taking into account the current driving performance. As a result, the car owner does not need to pull the handle to turn on desired speed(as it happens in the manual transmission). But you should not relax either, because reverse side transmission are special operating requirements. Below we will figure out what modes of operation of the automatic transmission exist, and how to use the device correctly.

Types of automatic transmission

Depending on the method of control, all automatic transmissions conventionally divided into 2 types - electronic and hydraulic. Please note that when buttons such as OD, SNOW or PWR are installed on the gearbox, we are talking about a device with a normal hydraulic control. In other cases, the car is equipped with an electronic-hydraulic transmission option.

According to the number of speeds, automatic transmissions come with three and four feet. A feature of the latter is the presence of an additional overdrive mode (Over-drive). When this mode is disabled, the 4-speed automatic transmission becomes a three-speed automatic transmission.

Operating modes

To use the automatic transmission correctly, you should know the modes of operation and the features of each of them. Despite the variety of automatic transmissions and design nuances, the functions described below are typical for each of the devices. This designation may vary, depending on the manufacturer. Main modes:

• D - movement. This is a mode for rectilinear movement, in which the automatic transmission enters the operating mode and automatically selects the desired gear.
• P - parking. When the selector is moved to this position, the engine is allowed to start. Switching the gearshift knob to "P" is allowed after stopping the car and turning on the handbrake.
• R- reverse. After setting the handle to the "R" position, you can move back. Transfer to this mode is allowed after stopping and pressing the brake.
• D3 - reduced speed, the inclusion of which is relevant when driving on small ascents or descents.
• D2 (L) is another mode that characterizes a lower gear. Transferring the automatic transmission handle to this position is recommended in difficult conditions - when driving in mountainous terrain or on slippery road.
• N - neutral speed. In "N" mode, the motor runs at idle. The main purpose of the mode is to warm up the engine in cold weather. The inclusion of neutral speed, while driving, is prohibited.

Automatic transmission operating rules, taking into account operating modes

To use the automatic transmission correctly, you need to know in which cases to apply each of the modes (see video below):

• Reverse. It is forbidden to transfer the automatic transmission handle to the “R” position during straight movement. Otherwise, some transmission elements may fail. The inclusion of the mode is allowed only when the brake pedal is actuated and the button on the lever is pressed. After moving the handle to the reverse position, do not start moving immediately. Wait a second until you feel a jolt in the automatic transmission.
• Parking. When stopping the car on a steep hill (when ascending or descending), it is worth turning on the handbrake. This is necessary to reduce the load on the parts of the parking mechanism. Operate the handbrake before moving the selector to the “P” position, and remove it from the handbrake after moving the lever to another position. It is allowed to switch from parking to another mode, provided that two conditions are met - the brake is applied and the button on the lever is pressed.

• Movement. If you use the transmission correctly, the "D" position is used only when driving straight ahead. To switch to this mode from parking or reversing, you need to depress the brake, press the selector button and wait one second until the automatic transmission turns on. Only after that, it is allowed to press the gas. Accelerate by car and reach top speed possible, in the case when the gear selector knob is in the "Movement" position.
• Neutral. It is forbidden to transfer the handle to the “N” mode if the machine continues to move by inertia or is at a traffic light. The inclusion of neutral is allowed only in the situation when it is necessary to move the machine with the engine running. For example, the “N” mode is often used in service stations, when repairing automatic transmissions or other vehicle elements.
• L - used in extreme cases when you need to pull out a stuck car, drive into a garage or overcome steps. Switching the selector to a lower speed, without pressing a special button, is prohibited. In addition, in this mode, you cannot drive high speed.
• 2 - the mode that is applied when driving in difficult conditions. This includes driving on terrain with frequent ascents and descents, as well as moving on roads. Bad quality. By frequently pressing the brake pedal, you can save on fuel. It is forbidden to turn on the “second” mode if the car is driving at a speed of 80 km / h or more (this parameter depends on the type of automatic transmission). It is also not allowed to switch to mode "2" from position D when the speed exceeds 80 km/h.

How to use additional modes

To use correctly automatic transmission, it is important to know as much as possible about the automatic transmission, as well as the features of its application. One of the key tasks is the study of additional modes, with the help of which it is possible to expand the capabilities of the automatic transmission and adapt to driving in various conditions. The regulation is usually done by the electronics of the machine that controls hydraulic system transmission.

Additional modes include - Sport (PWR), ECON (NORM) and WINTER (SNOW). Each car owner should know their purpose and apply them correctly. Let's consider them in more detail:

• PWR - a mode in which the power of the motor is used to the maximum. This is due to switching speeds to the maximum high revs which allows the car to accelerate quickly. The inclusion of the sport mode is relevant for the corresponding driving mode.
• NORM. This ensures the minimum fuel consumption during the operation of the vehicle. Gear shifting on the transmission is carried out at medium engine speeds. Feature - maximum smoothness in the transition between speeds, no jerks.
• SNOW. This mode is designed to make life easier for the driver, in the cold season. Thanks to the option, the car starts moving not from the first (as it usually happens), but from the second speed. In SNOW mode, it is more convenient to move on slides that have a hard ground surface or on asphalt. This mode is relevant when driving on wet grass. The maximum efficiency of the "SNOW" mode in cold weather can only be achieved when it is combined with high-quality tires.

Manual mode

There is another mode that you should pay attention to - manual. If you use the automatic transmission correctly, its inclusion is allowed only when traveling in difficult conditions - in mountainous areas, according to bad roads or during overtaking. After its activation, the driver must independently switch the speed selector. To enable this mode, the automatic transmission installed on the car must have an electronic control system.

The essence of manual control is the transmission of electronic impulses. At the same time, the gearbox, in this position, can “adjust” to the style of the driver’s movement. It should be noted that not all automatic transmissions are equipped with the SNOW option.

Emergency mode automatic transmission

In some cases, the automatic transmission can go into emergency mode. This is possible if the transmission is used incorrectly. Here, the self-control system independently determines the problem and the place of violation. It is not difficult to learn about the transition to emergency mode - this is provided special indicator on the instrument panel.

The main causes of automatic transmission failure include:

• Failures in the electronics.
• Violations in the mechanical part.
• High or low transmission oil level.

If you use the device correctly and know the features of the modes, the automatic transmission will last a long time and without failures. The main thing is to carefully study the manufacturer's recommendations, and select a mode taking into account the characteristics of the movement.

Video: How to use an automatic transmission

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As a rule, often the cause of automatic transmission breakdowns is their illiterate maintenance and use. After starting the engine, in order for the automatic transmission to take working condition wait about a minute before starting to move. So let's move on to the topic of this article: driving with automatic transmission .

Automatic transmission control

P range (Park) - parking mode.

This mode is selected when the machine is parked for a long time. In this position, the controls are disabled in the box, the output shaft is blocked, as a result, the machine cannot move (the drive wheels are blocked, the blocking is not related to parking brake and is inside the box). Starting the engine in this mode is allowed.

Do I need to use the parking brake while parking? On flat areas, subject to serviceability, blocking the output shaft of the box for secure fixation quite enough. When stopping on a slope, it is advisable to use the parking brake. In this case, first you need to pull the handbrake, and only then put the gearshift lever in P mode. In this way, you remove additional load from the mechanism for blocking the output shaft of the automatic transmission.

Range N (Neutral) - neutral mode.

In this mode, controls are disabled. At the same time, with the output shaft blocking mechanism turned off, the car can move freely. Starting the engine in this mode is also allowed. N mode is used when towing a car for short distances, as well as for short stops.Sometimes some drivers have a question:

Do I need to translate the automatic (automatic transmission) into N at a traffic light?

It makes sense to transfer the automatic transmission to neutral mode only during long stops in traffic jams in hot weather, in order to avoid overheating of the automatic transmission itself. In other cases, this is not necessary at all.

Range R (Reverse) - reverse mode.

An attempt to turn on the R mode while moving forward will inevitably lead to a breakdown of the automatic gearbox and other transmission elements (on vehicles that do not have a corresponding lock in the transmissions, it is strictly contraindicated to turn on the R mode until it comes to a complete stop). It is also impossible to start the engine if the gear lever is in this position.
Four-speed automatic transmissions for forward movement have four modes: D, 3, 2 and 1 (L). It should be noted here that starting the engine is not possible if one of the listed modes is enabled.

Range D (Drive) - the main mode for moving forward.

This mode performs automatic sequential gear shifting (in this mode, all gears are usually involved, with the exception of upshifts). This mode is recommended for normal conditions movement.
Range 3(Number 3 on some types of automatic transmissions) - the first three gears are engaged while driving. This mode is active, it is great for urban traffic, it turns off when the ignition is turned off. Especially at a high speed of the automatic gearbox, it will not work to save fuel, this mode does not allow the torque converter clutch to repeatedly lock-unlock in conditions of torn city driving (no more than 80 km.h.), It is also partially blocked by switching to higher gears. Most suitable for movement when unavoidable frequent stops and for driving on roads saturated with descents and ascents. Engine braking is possible in this mode.
Range 2(Number 2 on automatic transmission) - in this mode, only second and first gears are allowed. Most suitable for use in mountain winding roads. It is forbidden to switch to fourth and third gear.
Range 1(L or Low) — downshift. In this mode, movement is allowed only in first gear. The traction capabilities of the engine in this range are realized to the maximum, since the torque transmitted to the wheels only in first gear is maximum. Particularly effective engine braking in this mode. Movement on steep descents and climbs must be carried out in first gear.

Overdrive (O/D)

On some automatic transmissions, a mode is set in which it is possible automatic switching for high gear. O/D button (Overdrive) used to connect this automatic transmission mode. Its recessed position when the mode (Drive) is on allows you to switch to a higher gear. If you release this button, then switching to last transmission becomes impossible again. The O/D OFF indicator indicates the status of the control system. If the indicator is on, then the use of the Overdrive mode is impossible, otherwise it is possible.

It is recommended to use overdrive mainly on the highway for a more economical and measured movement. Interestingly, some four-speed automatic transmissions (for example, (toyota) aisin 241e) can disable 4th gear with a gear ratio of 1, which is not an overdrive either!

One of the differences between the automatic gearbox and the mechanics is the inability to produce engine braking in each mode. In overrunning clutches, in modes that do not allow engine braking, the transmission slips and the car moves “coasting”. And when driver position 1 is selected, engine braking is activated from first gear. In the first gear in position D, such braking is not possible.

How to start the movement of a car with automatic transmission?

As a rule, often the cause of automatic transmission breakdowns is their illiterate maintenance and use. After starting the engine, so that the automatic shift boxthe gear has taken on a working state, before starting to move, you must wait about a minute. Before driving off without depressing the control pedals throttle valve, it is necessary to depress and hold the brake pedal while putting the gear lever handle in D or R mode. After waiting for a slight push, you can start moving by releasing the brake pedal and stepping on the accelerator pedal with your foot. Dynamic driving for some time after the start of movement should be avoided so that the oil in all components and assemblies reaches its operating temperature. Before starting to move, for more efficient warming up of the automatic transmission, the gearshift control lever handle must be moved to different positions, lingering in each of them for some time. Then, turning on one of the driving modes and pressing the brake, hold the car in place for a couple of minutes, the engine should be running at this timein idle mode. At low ambient temperatures in position R, it is unacceptable to start moving without fully warming up the automatic gearbox, because this (due to the high viscosity of the fluid in the transmission) can damage the planetary mechanism.

automatic transmission how to use video

Towing a car with automatic transmission

A faulty car is towed in N mode, but do not forget that it is possible only for relatively short distances. In view of the fact that in idle engine idle and oil pump, then the lubrication of the nodes and elements of the automatic transmission is significantly deteriorating. All of the above is relevant when transporting a car over long distances. Therefore, if it becomes necessary to transport your faulty vehicle with automatic transmission, you need to do this at a speed not exceeding 70 km.h. and at a distance of no more than 70 kilometers. Otherwise, it would be ideal to use a tow truck.

Is it possible to skid on an automatic transmission?

It is more difficult to stall on a car with an automatic transmission than on a car with a conventional “mechanics”. But if this nevertheless happened, then “rock” the car by switching the gearbox from the forward position to the position reverse gear and vice versa, is simply unacceptable. In this case, you need to use a lower range, it excludes shifting to higher gears, and in this mode, try to overcome the mud area using the brake as a clutch. In almost the same way (without re-gassing and playing along with the brake) they perform maneuvers in a limited space.

Is it possible to shift gears on the go?

Switching driving modes on the go is allowed, but not in all positions. So, for example, it is unacceptable to turn on the P and R modes when moving forward. The inclusion of these modes is carried out under the condition of a complete stop of the car. Neglect of this rule will inevitably lead to serious. It is also undesirable to put the gearshift lever in N mode while driving, because in this mode the connection between the engine and the wheels is disconnected and in case hard braking may cause the vehicle to skid. You can switch to any other automatic transmission mode on the move. In some cases, this is even necessary. For example, switching from mode 3 to mode 2 improves engine braking performance.

Additional modes of automatic transmission

In later model automatic transmissions, where there are more operating ranges, there are additional modes of operation. In the control system of the automatic transmission, they are present in the form of pushbutton switches. Experienced driver knows how to use automatic transmission modes, so let's look at everything ourselves.

Economy mode("Eco" or "E") - provides the minimum fuel consumption while driving, as the engine is limited in the speed range at each stage. Thus teamwork engine and automatic transmission passes so that on each overdrive the engine actually starts idling further increasing them, but not bringing them to the maximum. In this mode, the movement of the car is calm and smooth.

Sports mode("S") - in this mode of operation of the automatic transmission, engine power is used to the maximum. Each subsequent gear is engaged at frequencies close to the maximum torque. Accelerating further, the rotation of the crankshaft reaches its maximum, and thereby the engine develops its full power and starts to work with full dedication. And the car in this mode moves with much greater acceleration compared to the economical mode. A special switch designed to implement a sport or economy mode is usually located next to the gear lever and may have various designations, such as - POWER, S, SPORT, AUTO, A/T MODE, etc. Sports automatic transmissions have also become widespread, which have slightly different transmission control algorithms. IN this case switching different modes work can be done both with a selector and with the help of the corresponding function buttons, when the position of the automatic transmission lever remains unchanged.

kickdown- a mode that allows the engine management system and automatic transmission to reach high values acceleration, for example, to overtake. The automatic transmission enters this mode after a sharp press on the accelerator pedal, switching to one or two downshifts. The torque transmitted from the engine to the wheels will increase, while the speed range in the engine is such that its return is almost maximum. And upon reaching maximum speed engine, the machine switches to the next overdrive. If the accelerator pedal is released, the automatic transmission will return to normal operation. Sometimes when off Overdrive mode Kickdown is not allowed. It is necessary to take into account the factor that slippery surface with a forced downshift, slipping of the drive wheels is inevitable and further emergence skid.

Winter mode(Snowflake) - to activate this mode, a special button or switch with the following designations is provided: Winter, W, Hold (or Snow). To avoid slipping of the drive wheels on a slippery road when starting off, the torque transmitted to the wheels from the engine is required to be minimal. This is done by starting the car from second or third gear - this is fraught with overheating of the automatic transmission, so driving constantly in this mode is contraindicated.

Emergency mode- this mode of operation of the automatic transmission is activated in case of malfunctions in the control system or transmission that can lead to. The control unit includes a transmission protection program and this allows the car to get to the car service on its own. As a rule, when emergency mode shifts are prohibited and any one gear is working. The number of such a gear usually corresponds to the gear in which the shift solenoids are in the off state. Also, when triggered, the torque converter lock is prohibited and is set maximum pressure in the main highway.

Adaptive automatic transmission mode (automatic transmission) | Automatic transmission adaptation.

Adaptive gearboxes owe their appearance to the progress in the development of electronic automatic transmissions. Control algorithms become more intelligent, hence new qualities appear in the same transmissions from the point of view of mechanics. Now on-board computer monitors the features and driving style of the driver and adjusts the operation of the automatic transmission and engine properly for them. With a smooth manner of movement, the computer, by means of appropriate amendments, does not bring the engine to maximum power rates of operation, which significantly reduces fuel consumption. If the driver prefers a sharp, “gusty” driving style, accompanied by frequent depressing of the accelerator pedal, the computer emphasizes frequent acceleration and intense speed and brings the engine to maximum speed. In order to make the most dynamic acceleration the control system makes switching two, sometimes three steps lower. It is curious that the wear of the friction elements of an automatic transmission is already included in the operation algorithm. Which favorably affects not only the comfort of driving such a car, but also increases its efficiency and.

Automatic transmission mode AUTOSTICK (StepTronic, TipTronic)

Such an automatic gearbox control system, in which both automatic and semi-automatic control modes are provided (the first is implemented by Porsche), here the switching command is given by the driver, and the control system ensures the quality of such switching. This mode, depending on the manufacturer, may have different names: AUTOSTICK, STEPTRONIC, TIPTRONIC. It is only available on vehicles with electronic system automatic transmission control, and even then not at all.

What is TipTronic (Video)

The shift knob on vehicles with this system has special position at which the AUTOSTICK mode is enabled. This mode has two non-latching positions, labeled UP ,+, and DN ,-, required to shift into low or high gear. Gear selection in this mode is made by the driver manually, the selector lever is pushed in the direction, -, or, +, - shifting gears up or down. When the engine speed drops to idle, downshifting is automatically carried out only in the canonical design. Some manufacturers of transmissions automatically upshift at the maximum engine speed.

The mechanical part of such a box is indistinguishable from a conventional automatic box, only the control automation and the selector lever have been changed. Such automatic transmissions are characterized by a cutout for moving the selector lever in the form of the letter H, and the symbols, +, and, -,. Nevertheless, this mode (AUTOSTICK) is more semi-automatic than manual, since the transmission computer controls the driver’s activity and will not allow him to select a gear that exceeds the permissible engine speed or will not let him start off with top gear. The rest gives the impression of using a manual gearbox. If such a desire arises, then you can easily return to the normal automatic transmission mode by putting the speed mode shift knob in position D, so it’s more likely riding on automatic transmission than "poking" with a pen.

On powerful modifications of cars, sports automatic transmissions are installed, which are equipped with a manual gearshift function. And this manual switching gears can be made not only by moving the selector up and down, but also with the help of small paddle shifters, pressing which allows you to lower or increase steps. This is quite popular in sports cars and executive sedans, which are equipped with powerful engines.

You have purchased a car with an automatic transmission and do not know how to deal with your new type of transmission. Our simple tips will help you understand how to drive a car with automatic transmission and avoid the most common mistakes of motorists.

What is the difference between automatic transmission and manual transmission

Unfortunately, not everyone knows how to properly use an automatic transmission on a car, mistakenly believing that the operation of such a car is practically no different from using a manual transmission. But this approach leads to a decrease in the potential of the transmission and even its breakdown.

mechanical box has its advantages, but most modern motorists choose automatic transmission. It is easier to drive such cars, since they do not have a clutch pedal. There are only two pedals - brake and gas. Learning to drive a car with an automatic transmission is easier, but those who have been driving a car with mechanics for a long time cannot get used to the peculiarities of using an automatic transmission.

Its main advantage is the ability to automatically select the gear ratio in accordance with road conditions. This handy feature, as gear shifting does not require movements such as depressing the clutch pedal during gear changes, stops and starts.

However, it should be understood that the use of automatic transmission requires certain knowledge and skills. And first you need to figure out what modes it has.

Automatic transmission modes

To understand how to use automatic transmission correctly. you need to understand the intricacies of its modes. Letters with corresponding meanings are indicated on the box:

P - parking mode. This position helps to start the unit. It can only be turned on after the car has completely stopped and the driver has put the handbrake in active mode.

D - driving mode. It helps to activate the driving mode of the car, while the transmission is automatically transferred to desired modes. It is in this mode that the transmission stays the longest.

R - reverse. It can only be activated when the car is completely stopped and the brakes are applied.

N - neutral mode, switches the engine to idling, torque is not transmitted to the wheels at this time. It is not recommended to turn it on while the car is moving. As a rule, it is used to warm up the engine during a cold period of time.

D3 - engine speed reduction position. In this mode, braking is more effective, it is used on small uphill and downhill.

D2 - used in extreme conditions driving, for example, when driving on a mountain serpentine or ice.

Switching the lever from mode D to position D2 and D3 can be carried out directly while the vehicle is moving.

Driving a car with an automatic transmission in general is not much different from driving a mechanic. However, it requires compliance with certain rules and knowledge of some points that will help you make the most of the transmission's capabilities.

How to drive automatic transmission

In order to start the engine, you need to depress the brake pedal, and without releasing it, move the gear lever from position P, N or R to position D. Many drivers in the learning process may forget that the brake pedal must be depressed when doing this. .

In order to increase the speed of the car, it is enough just to press the gas pedal harder, and the engine will automatically begin to gain the desired number of revolutions. Unlike the operation of a manual transmission, no effort is required on the part of the driver, thus the reaction to traffic situation is greatly accelerated. In order to slow down, just release the accelerator pedal, that is, the gas. The less force applied to it, the slower the car will move.

For a complete stop or a quick decrease in speed, just use the brake pedal. To then start moving again, you only need to move your foot from the brake to the gas. At the same time, the gear lever can always remain in the driving mode, that is, in position D. It makes sense to switch to another gear only during long stops with the engine completely turned off.

When driving in the city, the driver simply needs to switch the selector lever to the “driving” position, after which he will need to work with the gas and brake pedals to reduce and increase speeds. Everything is extremely simple here, which is why most city cars are equipped with automatic transmissions.

Using winter mode

Most new vehicles are equipped with additional mode for driving in winter. It is indicated by the icons "*", "W", "SNOW", "HOLD", "WINTER". This mode is very useful when driving on snowy or icy roads. Its purpose is to eliminate slips and skids. It completely disables first gear.

Important! You should not turn on the winter mode when driving in the warm season on a dry road, as the load on the transmission in this case increases greatly, which can lead to its overheating.

The purpose of using the winter mode is to limit the acceleration of the engine speed above the individual gears.

Disadvantages of automatic transmission

Some owners of cars with automatic transmission reinstall gearboxes for future use. mechanical transmission. This is due to the presence of some shortcomings of the automatic transmission.

These include:

Important! Despite the fact that many drivers practically do not use the handbrake when parking cars with automatic transmission, you should still use the handbrake, as this is provided for by the Rules traffic.

Automatic transmission. How to use the automatic transmission is shown in the video: