Mechanical transmission car is designed to change the torque and transfer it from the engine to the wheels. It disconnects the engine from the drive wheels of the machine. Let's explain what a manual gearbox consists of - how it works.
The mechanical "box" consists of:- crankcase;
- primary, secondary and intermediate shafts with gears;
- additional shaft and gear reversing;
- synchronizers;
- gear shift mechanism with locking and blocking devices;
- shift lever.
Scheme of work: 1 - input shaft; 2 - switching lever; 3 - switching mechanism; 4 - secondary shaft; 5 - drain plug; 6 - intermediate shaft; 7 - crankcase.
The crankcase contains the main parts of the transmission. It is attached to the clutch housing, which is attached to the engine. Because during operation, the gears are tested heavy loads they should be well lubricated. Therefore, the crankcase is half its volume filled with gear oil.
The shafts rotate in bearings mounted in the crankcase. They have sets of gears with different number teeth.
Synchronizers are necessary for smooth, silent and shockless gear shifting by equalizing the angular velocities of rotating gears.
Switch mechanism serves to change gears in the box and is controlled by the driver using a lever from the passenger compartment. At the same time, the locking device does not allow two gears to be switched on simultaneously, and the blocking device keeps them from being switched off spontaneously.
gearbox requirements
- Ensuring the best traction and fuel-economic properties
- high efficiency
- ease of control
- Shockless switching and quiet operation
- the impossibility of simultaneously engaging two gears or reverse when moving forward
- reliable retention of gears in the engaged position
- simplicity of design and small cost, small size and weight
- ease of maintenance and repair
Ease of control depends on the method of gear shifting and the type of drive. Gears are shifted using moving gears, gear couplings, synchronizers, friction or electromagnetic devices. For shockless switching, synchronizers are installed, which complicate the design, and also increase the size and weight of the transmission. Therefore, the most widespread are those in which top gears they are switched by synchronizers, and the lower ones by gear couplings.
How do gears work?
Let's look at an example of how the torque value (speed) changes in different gears.
a) Gear ratio of one pair of gears
Take two gears and count the number of teeth. The first gear has 20 teeth, and the second 40. So with two revolutions of the first gear, the second one will make only one revolution (gear ratio is 2).
b) Gear ratio of two gears
On the image b) the first gear (“A”) has 20 teeth, the second (“B”) has 40, the third (“C”) has 20, the fourth (“G”) has 40. Further, simple arithmetic. The input shaft and gear "A" rotate at a speed of 2000 rpm. Gear "B" rotates 2 times slower, i.e. it has 1000 rpm, and since gears "B" and "C" are fixed on the same shaft, then the third gear makes 1000 rpm. Then gear "G" will rotate even 2 times slower - 500 rpm. From the engine to the input shaft comes - 2000 rpm, and comes out - 500 rpm. On the intermediate shaft at this time - 1000 rpm.
IN this example the gear ratio of the first pair of gears is two, the second pair of gears is also two. The total gear ratio of this scheme is 2x2=4. That is, the number of revolutions on the secondary shaft decreases by 4 times, compared with the primary. Please note that if we disengage gears "B" and "G", then the secondary shaft will not rotate. At the same time, the transmission of torque to the driving wheels of the car is also stopped, which corresponds to a neutral gear.
Reverse gear, i.e. rotation secondary shaft On the other side, is provided by an additional, fourth shaft with a reverse gear. An additional shaft is needed to get odd number pairs of gears, then the torque changes direction: 
Power-on torque transmission scheme reverse gear:
1 - input shaft; 2 - gear input shaft; 3 - intermediate shaft; 4 - gear and reverse gear shaft; 5 - secondary shaft.
gear ratios
Since there is a large set of gears in the "box", by engaging different pairs, we have the opportunity to change the general gear ratio. Let's look at the gear ratios:| Transfers | VAZ 2105 | VAZ 2109 |
| I | 3,67 | 3,636 |
| II | 2,10 | 1,95 |
| III | 1,36 | 1,357 |
| IV | 1,00 | 0,941 |
| V | 0,82 | 0,784 |
| R(Reverse) | 3,53 | 3,53 |
Such numbers are obtained by dividing the number of teeth of one gear by the divisible number of teeth of the second and further along the chain. If the gear ratio is equal to one (1.00), then this means that the secondary shaft rotates at the same angular speed as the primary. A gear in which the speed of rotation of the shafts is equalized is usually called - straight. As a rule, this is the fourth. The fifth (or highest) has a gear ratio less than one. It is needed for driving on the highway with minimal engine speeds.
First and reverse gear are the most “strong”. It is not difficult for the engine to turn the wheels, but the car in this case moves slowly. And when driving uphill in the "nimble" fifth and fourth gears, the motor does not have enough strength. Therefore, you have to switch to lower, but "strong" gears.
First gear is required to start moving so that the engine can move a heavy machine. Further, by increasing the speed and making some margin of inertia, you can switch to the second gear, more "weak", but more "fast", then to the third and so on. The usual driving mode - in fourth (in the city) or fifth (on the highway) - they are the fastest and most economical.
What are the faults?
Usually they appear as a result of rough work with the shift lever. If the driver constantly "pulls" the lever, i.e. transfers it from one gear to another with a quick, sharp movement - this will lead to a repair. With this handling of the lever, the switching mechanism or synchronizers will definitely fail.The shift lever shifts in a calm, smooth motion, with micro-pauses in the neutral position for the synchronizers to work, protecting the gears from breakage. With proper handling and periodic oil changes in the "box", it will not break until the end of its service life.
Noise during operation, which depends mainly on the type of gears installed, is significantly reduced when replacing spur gears with helical gears. Correct work also depends on the service on time.
Engines internal combustion, both gasoline and diesel, have a fairly narrow operating range. A manual transmission is required to provide optimal mode work power unit.
Changes in the gear ratio are carried out manually, usually by moving the lever from one position to another. To ensure switching, the power flow is interrupted by means of a mechanical clutch.
Excursion into history
On the first cars there was no gearbox familiar to us with gears, the force on the drive wheels was transmitted by a belt. This device was used Karl Benz- to increase the speed, the driver had to throw the ring from one pair of pulleys to another. Gears in the transmission were first used by Wilhelm Maybach, in cars of his design there were mechanical boxes.
The transmission of torque from it to the drive wheels was carried out using steel chain. Coaxial box at the beginning of the 20th century appeared on the cars of Louis Renault, who is also an inventor cardan shaft.
At first, the automotive industry was dominated by a spaced arrangement of units, in which the gearbox was located separately from the power unit. The transmission of torque in them took place through a special shaft, as was the case on the BMW 501 model.
The mechanical boxes of the first releases were very complex, their management required considerable effort and good skills. In 1928, the American engineer Charles Kettering from General Motors offered a device for synchronization. First lucky box, equipped with such a mechanism, was installed on a Corvette car. On the European continent, ZF has become a leader in the development of transmissions.
The firmly entrenched name of the manual transmission has the following decoding of the abbreviation - a manual gearbox. Earlier in the name, the first letter P was understood as the word for change, but over time it was replaced by a more appropriate one. abbreviated name mechanical box V technical descriptions often appears with a number indicating the number of steps.
A modern manual transmission has a fairly advanced device that, in addition to shifting gears on the move, performs a number of functions:
- ensuring the movement of the car in reverse;
- separation of the transmission and the running engine of the car during short stops;
- the presence of the neutral position of the box allows you to start the engine.
Cars equipped with this kind of transmissions, other things being equal more economical than cars with automatic transmission.
The principle of operation of the manual transmission
Starting the car, driving slowly bad road causes a lot of resistance. A car with a manual transmission in this mode requires the maximum amount of torque.
At the same time, the gearbox performs the functions of a reduction gear, and even with high speed vehicle moving at a relatively low speed. After acceleration stops, the driver switches the mode, and the crankshaft speed returns to the optimal range.
Uniform movement along the plane requires less effort, which is provided by increased gears.
The principle of operation of a mechanical gearbox is to create connections between the drive (input) shaft and the driven (output) through combinations of gears with different numbers of teeth. This allows you to adjust the transmission to changing driving conditions of the vehicle.
For dummies, as non-specialists are commonly called, the principle of operation of a manual transmission can be explained in just a few words. The device provides normal work engine by changing the number of revolutions, increasing or decreasing the force on the drive wheels. This allows you to keep best mode operation of the power unit when starting off, accelerating and decelerating.
This principle of operation of the manual transmission is preserved in all cars: with full, and with rear, and with front-wheel drive. The transmission device in each of the cases has its own characteristics, but at the same time the main structural elements and their purpose are preserved. Turn gear ratio occurs due to the introduction of a certain combination of gears with a different number of teeth.
These ratios for each engine are selected individually in the course of design work and full-scale tests. This takes into account many factors and, first of all, the parameters of the engine. The physical principle of the manual transmission remains unchanged, the driver controls the mode change manually by moving the lever from one position to another.
Video - manual transmission, principle of operation:
A visual representation of the principle of operation of the manual transmission can be obtained after watching the video clip. A schematic animated image is the best way to demonstrate the interaction of parts with each other. Such materials provide an understanding of the ongoing processes, especially when switching operating modes.
Device
The design of the manual transmission has changed little since the main elements of it were made and patented. The mechanical gearbox consists of the following parts and assemblies:
- crankcase;
- input, output and intermediate shafts;
- synchronizers;
- driving and driven gears;
- gear shift mechanism.
The parts assembled in a single housing interact with each other, ensuring the transmission of torque. The device of a mechanical gearbox depends on the design features and the number of shafts - according to given feature they are divided into two- and three-shaft. The latter layout is called coaxial and in the technical literature it is commonly called classical.
Shafts and gear blocks
In this design, the drive and driven shafts are placed in the crankcase of the box one after the other. A bearing is installed in the shank of the input shaft, on which the end of the secondary rests. The absence of a rigid connection allows them to rotate independently of each other at different frequencies and in different directions. Below them is an intermediate shaft, the transmission of force occurs through gear blocks installed on these parts.
In order to reduce the noise of the gearbox, the gears in it are made helical. In the manufacture of these parts, a strict system of tolerances is used, and great attention is given to the quality of processing of mating surfaces.
On the drive shaft of a classic mechanical box, several gears of different diameters and, accordingly, with a different number of teeth, are rigidly fixed. In some cases, the knot is made integral, which provides it with maximum strength.
Gears on the output shaft can be installed in two ways:
- movable on slots;
- fixed on the hubs.
The connection with the drive shaft in the first version occurs due to the longitudinal movement of the driven gear along the splines until it engages in the drive gear. Such a scheme is simple and reliable and has become quite widespread.
In another design, the longitudinal movement of the parts is excluded and the connection takes place using a sliding clutch.
Video - how torque is transmitted in a manual transmission:
The angular velocities of the driving shaft and the driven shaft are equalized using special device, which is called a synchronizer. in gearboxes sports cars or machines special purpose Cam clutches can be used instead of these units.
Control mechanisms
Throughout the history of the development of motor transport, many original designs have been developed. Most widespread received the layout used in modern units.
The manual transmission is controlled by a special design consisting of the following elements:
- lever;
- drives;
- sliders;
- forks;
- castle;
- gear shift clutches.
Changes in the operating modes of the unit are made by the driver by moving the lever from one position to another. Sliders are activated through the drives. Protection against simultaneous activation is a special locking mechanism - a lock. In three-way boxes, it makes it impossible for two sliders to move while the third one moves.
This assembly actuates the shift fork, which causes the clutch to shift. This part is a thick-walled ring with slots on the inner surface. They are in constant engagement with the gear rim of the driven shaft, along which the clutch moves along it. There are similar slots on the side surface of the driven gear.
When shifting gears, the lever is first transferred to neutral, from which a selection is made. desired mode. During this time, the synchronizer aligns angular velocities, and the gear is blocked by the clutch. Torque from the input shaft is transmitted to the secondary and then through main gearbox on the drive wheels.
The synchronizer provides shockless switching, while its operation time does not exceed a few hundredths of a second.
Video - clutch device and manual transmission, a visual story from Toyota:
The softness of the operation of a manual transmission largely depends on general condition parts and, in particular, this unit.
The synchronizer is a bronze ring with a ring gear on inside. When the clutch moves, it first presses the part against the conical surface on the sidewall of the driven gear, the resulting friction force is sufficient to equalize the speed of the shafts. After synchronization, the gear wheel is locked by the shift clutch.
How to shift gears on a manual transmission
The operation of vehicles with a manual gearbox and their management has whole line features that the driver needs to know. A natural question arises: how to use a manual transmission? Learning to do this begins at, starting from showing the instructor to developing an automatic skill in gear shifting.
How to shift gears on a manual transmission is usually indicated on a diagram printed on the outer surface of the lever handle. In general, the process looks like this:
- the driver squeezes the clutch with his left foot;
- hand moves the lever from one position to another;
- gently release the clutch pedal and gently press the accelerator.
Gear shifting in a manual gearbox is carried out in accordance with the scheme, which is indicated in the technical documentation for the car. Experienced drivers It is recommended to adhere to the following rules, which will increase the resource of the unit:
- the use of direct gear (usually fourth) will significantly reduce fuel consumption;
- shifting gears on a manual gearbox should be carried out strictly in accordance with the instructions developed by the manufacturer;
- engage reverse gear only after a complete stop of the car;
- the clutch pedal is depressed quickly and all the way to the floor, but it should be released smoothly without jerking;
- on icy or wet road coasting is unacceptable;
- when cornering, it is not recommended to shift gears;
- effective on a free road is the reception of engine braking by successively downshifting to a minimum;
- periodic check of the oil level in the box and timely replacement in progress Maintenance will increase its resource.
Video - tips on how to shift gears on a manual transmission:
Learning how to drive a car requires constant practice. The actions of the instructor are shown in great detail, observing them will allow the novice driver to form the correct muscle reactions.
Oil for manual transmission
Maintenance of transmission units is carried out in accordance with the service book. In most manual transmission boxes, replacement operating fluid carried out every 50-60 thousand kilometers. During this period, wear products accumulate in it and lubricating properties are lost.
During maintenance, pour for a manual transmission, specified in the instruction manual. This is especially true for cars. foreign production use of the wrong oil can cause wear and even damage to the unit.
To answer the question what kind of oil in the manual transmission, you should read the entries in service book, where a mark is made on the brand of technical fluid.
It is impossible to imagine a car without a gear lever (hereinafter referred to as the PP lever), this detail is especially important for cars with mechanics.
Gear lever device.
In general, we can say that it is the PP lever that is responsible for choosing one or another speed for moving the car. So, it turns out that the car simply cannot drive without it.
The principle of operation of the PP lever is to tilt and move the handle in the transverse or longitudinal directions and thereby set it to the position corresponding to the required speed mode.
Gearshift drive Lada Priora.
- gear selector lever
- gear selector
- gearbox housing
- clutch housing
- gear selector rod
- stem bushing
- stem seal
- protective case
- hinge body
- hinge bushing
- hinge tip
- clamp
- traction protective cover
- transmission control rod
- shift lever
- ball joint
- gear lever ball joint
- jet thrust
The principle of operation of the gear lever.
The lever handle is connected by means of a fork with a synchronizer. The position of this fork conveys to the latter information about the number of the set speed. The synchronizer, in turn, sets the gearbox gears in such a way that the motor produces the power necessary to drive the car at a given speed.
Gearshift patterns for many brands of cars vary, which is why they are depicted on the lever handle.
Locations of the possible location of the PP lever in the car.
The gear lever can be located on the floor of the car or under the steering wheel. The steering column arrangement of the lever is considered more convenient for the driver, but manufacturers use the floor version much more often. This fact is explained by several shortcomings of the stalk position of the PP lever at once:
- rods wear out much faster,
- gear shifting can wedge or generally knock out,
- there is always a high probability of transmission failure,
- low definition and speed.
Therefore, the floor arrangement is considered more successful in terms of achieving the least damage.
At the same time, regardless of the location of the lever, its device is always the same, the difference is only in size. So, for example, in previously produced cars, the height of the lever could reach thirty centimeters. Today, you will meet such a value extremely rarely, because manufacturers only reduce leverage every year. And the logic here is simple: the smaller the lever, the smaller its stroke, which means that the likelihood of breakdowns and malfunctions is less.
Possible breakage of the lever.
Since the lever is practically the main part in the gearbox - if it fails, it is impossible to drive a car, its serviceability should be monitored, repairing and replacing it in a timely manner necessary spare parts. After all, as you know, the main reasons for the failure of this element are its improper operation and simple mechanical damage.
By the way, there are several faults that you can easily notice yourself.
- If the lever handle only moves with more force than usual from the driver's side or with some kind of binding, then it may be time to replace ball joint or a spherical washer. And with this replacement, you should not pull, it is better to do everything immediately. By the way, another breakdown “speaking” to them will be the creak that appeared when the lever handle was switched.
- In cases where the lever spontaneously bounces or turns off, you need to check the springs, it is quite possible that one of them just jumped off.
Features of the repair of the PP lever and the replacement of its parts.
If you notice any malfunctions when switching gears, it is necessary to check and repair (replace) the corresponding parts of the PP lever. To do this, you must first make complete withdrawal last:
- remove the cover to have access to the plastic bushings of the lever,
- unscrew the plastic protective plate to release the hinge cage;
- put aside jet thrust and finally remove the entire gear lever.
First you need to check the movement of the axis, if it is too free, then you will have to replace all the bushings (before installing new bushings, they are pre-lubricated with special grease).
If the spring fails, then first it will have to be pulled out of the mechanism. To do this, the hinge with a lever and the retaining ring are disassembled, the old ball joint is carefully removed (to remove it, spread the spherical washer with your fingers) and a new one is installed. Before that, it should be lubricated.
The shift lever rods change a little differently. We find a clamp at the bottom of the machine and weaken its tension. Then we unscrew the fastening nut on the hinges, disconnect the clamp. After that, you can safely get the traction and replace it with a new one. Now we collect everything in reverse order.
And do not forget about the need for periodic adjustment of the lever!
Not all motorists are aware of the name of this or that part in their car. At the same time, we are talking not only about the mechanisms “hidden” in the engine, but also about the devices with which they interact literally every day. One of these parts is the gearbox linkage.
Please note: The name "scene" is not official for this mechanism but it is generally accepted. In fact, this part is called the transmission control drive rod.
Table of contents:What is a checkpoint link
Many drivers mistakenly believe that the backstage refers to the gear lever, but this is not entirely true. If we are talking about the gearbox rocker, we mean a composite mechanism, the task of which is to connect the gear lever and the stem. That is, the driver cannot see the backstage, let alone touch it. This element is located between the lever and the gearbox itself, and it is located under the bottom of the car, near the propeller shaft, and in some cases under the gear lever itself.
As can be understood from the description, the wings regularly have to deal with serious loads, so given element must have good strength. Despite this, the wings are prone to damage. If there are not enough lubricating components in it, drops of water, dust or other "garbage" have got into it, there is a high risk of failure of the part.
Please note: On some cars, the backstage can work 200-300 or even more than a thousand kilometers without replacement. But, if we take the average result, usually the gearbox link fails at 100 thousand kilometers of operation.
Signs of wear on the gearbox
The driver must pay attention to the possible failure of the vehicle's components, including knowing characteristics wear of the gearbox wings in order to take timely action to replace it. Despite the fact that the mechanism is quite reliable, you should be aware of the following "symptoms" of its imminent breakdown:
Drivers often ignore the appearance of play in the gearbox, believing that this is a normal situation. In fact, if there is a backlash, it is imperative to diagnose the gearbox, and if necessary, adjust or replace the rocker. The fact is that a slight backlash is already a fairly serious symptom of a malfunction of the gearbox backstage. If it is “torn off” while the car is moving, this can lead to serious consequences for both the car and the driver, since there is a high risk of getting into an accident in such a situation. That is why, if you notice problems with the gearshift of the gearbox, be sure to contact your service center for diagnostics and repair of the backstage, if required.
Gearbox adjustment
It is not always necessary to complete or partial replacement backstage. Quite often, you can limit yourself to a simple adjustment. At the same time, it is possible to adjust the backstage with your own hands, without contacting a service center. There are two ways to adjust:
It should be noted that the above general processes gearbox adjustment. It is important to say that the process may differ depending on the car, so before starting work, it is recommended that you read the instructions specifically for your car model.
- We release the gas and gently press on the clutch. It is important that switching off the first and pressing the second pedal occurs with a minimum of waiting. In practice, you will catch this moment.
- We translate the gearshift lever according to the diagram drawn at the top of the handle to the desired position. But before switching the speed on the machine, you must first move the handle to the neutral position and after 1 second turn it on desired gear. This is done in order to reduce the load on the transmission gears.
- Then slowly release the clutch and press on the gas a little.
- After you have completely released the clutch, increase the pressure on the right pedal.
- Continue driving until the next gearshift.
Some cars have a sixth gear. In this case, you should focus not only on the speedometer readings, but also on the tachometer needle. The principle is the same: when the value goes beyond the green scale (here you will just feel the characteristic roar of the motor), we turn on the increased speed. And switching from high to low occurs in the same way, only in reverse order. If the speed decreases, and the tachometer needle goes beyond the green scale to idling, then it's time to engage the clutch and shift gears.
How to shift gears correctly
If you have a desire to accelerate the car faster by switching immediately from second gear to fourth, you should be warned that this leads to increased wear components and parts of the engine, the motor can start to “sneeze” and stall at the most inopportune moment, and this, in turn, can create emergency on road,
- fully release the gas pedal;
- fully squeeze the clutch;
- set the gear lever to the neutral position;
- smoothly release the clutch pedal, briefly press and quickly release the gas pedal (the greater the speed difference, the stronger the pressure on the gas pedal should be);
- once again fully squeeze the clutch;
- move the gearshift lever to the position corresponding to the required gear;
- release the clutch quickly and without harshness.
How to change gears in a car and move off
Almost all modern cars equipped with tachometers. In this case, in order to understand the moment of the possibility of shifting gears, it is necessary to focus precisely on its readings, that is, on the rotational speed crankshaft. 2500-3500 rpm is considered the most acceptable, but only 1500-1700 rpm is required to start moving. So-called idling provides for at least 600-800 rpm.
A second pause is necessary to equalize the speed of the gears in the gearbox. Further, quite smoothly, but at the same time and quickly you need to lower the clutch pedal, and squeeze the "gas" pedal, this action causes an increase in the supply of gasoline or other fuel. After completing all these steps, the speed of the car should, with your help, increase, and you can continue driving already in second gear.
How to switch speeds, Third video lesson
So today the third lesson of our AUTOBLOG is coming out, it sounds - “how to switch speeds to auto”. As a rule, many inexperienced drivers there are a lot of problems with this question, I will try to explain this process in detail to you when the car is moving. So, let's begin…
So we set off and go to the "first", then the question arises - what's next? How to behave? Everything is very simple, driving a car, on the “first” - reach 2000 engine revolutions, then switch to the second (we squeeze the clutch on the go and turn on the second gear) again up to 2000 thousand revolutions and already similarly to the third, from the fourth - fifth as well.
A few tips to learn how to properly shift gears on the mechanics while driving
In order to change gears in time, to make the movement of the car more dynamic and economical, a scale of the so-called speed range was developed. So there is the following gradation, which tells you when and at what speed we move the gearshift lever to the next position.
There are other recommendations that allow you to understand what this or that transfer is intended for. manual transmission. The first is necessary for us in order for the car to start moving, the second for acceleration, the third speed for overtaking. The fourth and fifth are used respectively for movement on city roads and suburban highways.
Automatic transmission control (automatic transmission)
** - The habit of checking the removed handbrake from the drivers of "machine guns" is usually absent before starting off. Involved in any need hand brake some people completely forget about it. The red light signaling on the instrument panel is sometimes noticed quite late.
If your car is stuck, do not even try to drive "Drive"! For this there is "L" or "1" broadcast. But first, if possible, avoiding wheel slip, try to drive back along your own track.
Speed switch, derailleur
To ensure a relatively constant distance from the top roller to the stars of the cassette, the parallelogram mechanism of most modern switches has a plane of motion located diagonally to the axis of the stars. The rollers themselves are usually plastic. On the switches of the upper groups ceramic. Steel rollers are already a thing of the past. Ball bearings in rollers are also used only on the top models of switches.
The relative travel of the switch is the correspondence between the travel of the control cable and the transverse movement of the frame with rollers. For example, Shimano and SRAM rear derailleurs are not compatible in this indicator, since the relative cable travel of SRAM derailleurs is greater.
Speed shifter
In addition to the classic speed switch, a planetary one is also used. Compared to external switching, its mechanical efficiency is slightly lower, but it is less affected external environment and is more convenient to use (in particular, it allows you to shift gears while standing still), therefore it is actively used for city and touring bicycles. On city bikes planetary gears most often combined three-speed and less often eight-speed are used, providing switching of three or eight gears and a brake. For a long time three-speed hubs were the lightest and most debugged, but recently Japanese firm Shimano began to produce eight-speed models, which, according to them, are better than three-speed models.
The switches are controlled by the tension of the cables, which is adjusted by special shift knobs. For bicycles, until the late 1980s and early 90s, the tension of the cables was regulated smoothly, which is why the cyclist himself had to determine the positions corresponding to switching to next transfer. Later, index shifting systems became widespread, in which the mechanism discretely controls the movement of the cable and, accordingly, the switch. The switching itself is carried out either by pressing one of the two levers (one for raising, the other for lowering), or by rotating a special ring. The system speed selector lever is on the left handle, the cassettes are on the right handle.
How to change gears on the mechanics
Do not allow the tachometer needle to reach the red line, which represents the most high rate engine speed. Also make sure that the arrow of the device drops too low. In this case, you must shift to a lower gear.
- squeeze the clutch while releasing the gas pedal
- with the clutch fully depressed, shift the gearshift lever gear to the right position
- gently release the clutch while continuing to accelerate the vehicle with the gas pedal.
How to drive a car with a manual shifter
Driving a car with manual switching speed requires not complex, but coordinated movements of the arms and legs. Although it may seem difficult and intimidating at first, rest assured that after a little practice you will be able to shift gears perfectly.
Before starting the engine, become familiar with the clutch, brake and gas pedals. The clutch pedal you press with your left foot is on the left. The brake pedal is located in the center and should be pressed with the right foot. The gas pedal is on the right, and you must also press it with your right foot.
05 Aug 2018 563
