Tesla Model S battery device. The price of Tesla smart batteries - are they profitable 18650 batteries for Tesla

The Tesla battery is world famous for its breakthrough in electric vehicles. The idea is not new and has been mastered for many years by leading automotive companies. However, American designers were able to optimize this direction, taking into account the interests of the consumer. To a large extent, this has become possible due to innovative power supply systems focused on the complete replacement of conventional internal combustion engines. Consider the features and varieties of this drive.

Application

The development of fundamentally new types of li-ion batteries is due to the tasks of improving the performance of electric cars. In this regard, the basic line of the Tesla S model is focused on providing the vehicle with innovative power sources. A feature of lithium-ion batteries was the introduction of a combined mode of operation, in which the alternation of energy supply from an internal combustion engine and AB is allowed. At the same time, the company's engineers continue to develop machines that are completely independent of the usual type of fuel.

It is worth noting that engineers are not limited solely to the creation of power elements for road transport. Several versions of Tesla batteries have already been released for domestic and commercial use. If the option for an electric car is aimed at maintaining the operation of running gear and on-board electronics, then stationary storage modifications are positioned as autonomous sources of electricity. The capabilities of these elements make it possible to use them for servicing home appliances. Additionally, research is underway on the accumulation of solar energy. Works are still at the development stage.

Device

Tesla batteries have a unique structure and way of placing active components. The main difference from the analogue is the lithium-ion configuration. Similar elements are used in the design of mobile devices and electric tools. Tesla engineers first used them as batteries for cars. The whole block is divided into 74 compartments, which look like AA batteries. Depending on the configuration of the battery, it includes from 6 to 16 segments in the design. The positive charge comes from the graphite electrode, the negative moment comes from several chemical components, including nickel, cobalt, and alumina.

Tesla batteries are integrated into the car by fixing them on the bottom of the vehicle. This arrangement provides a low center of gravity of the electric vehicle, improving handling. Special brackets are used as fasteners. Currently, there are not many such solutions, therefore, this part is often compared with a traditional battery.

Important points relate to security and placement. The first factor is guaranteed by the high-strength housing in which the battery is mounted. In addition, each block is equipped with a fence in the form of metal plates. In this case, not the entire internal part is isolated, but each element separately. It should also be noted that there is a plastic lining that prevents water from getting inside.

1. Converter.
2. High voltage wiring.
3. Main charger.
4. Additional charge.
5. connector.
6. Module.

Characteristics of the Tesla battery

The most powerful variation of the battery for an electric car consists of 7104 small batteries. Below are the parameters of the specified element:

• Length / thickness / width - 2100/150/1500 mm.
• The electrical voltage indicator is 3.6 V.
• The amount of power generated by one section is identical to the potential performance of a hundred personal computers.
• The weight of Tesla batteries is 540 kg.
• The travel time on one charge on an average element with a power of 85 kW / h is about 400 km.
• Acceleration up to 100 km / h - 4.4 seconds.

With these characteristics, a reasonable question arises as to how durable these structures are, because high performance implies intensive wear of active parts. It should be noted that the manufacturer gives an eight-year warranty for its products. Most likely, the working life of the ABs under consideration will be the same.

So far, the owners of electric cars cannot confirm or deny this fact. In addition, there are research results that indicate that the battery power parameter is characterized by its moderate loss. On average, this figure is about 5% per 80 thousand kilometers. There are other facts that indicate that the owners of the specified vehicle regarding problems in the battery compartment are turning less and less as new models are released.

Tesla Battery Capacity (Model S)

It is necessary to evaluate the capacitive characteristic of batteries taking into account the development of production. During the improvement of the line, the indicator varied from 60 to 105 kW / h. Official information indicates that the peak battery capacity is about 100 kW / h. According to the reviews of the owners, the real parameter will be somewhat lower. For example, an 85 kW Tesla battery actually produces no more than 77 kW.

In history, there are also reverse examples confirming the excess of the volume. There are cases when a 100-kilowatt battery was endowed with a capacity of about 102 kW. From time to time, contradictions are found in the definition of active nutritional components. Mostly, discrepancies are observed in estimates of the number of block cells. This is due to the fact that the battery is constantly being upgraded and refined, equipped with innovative elements.

The manufacturer claims that every year updated modifications undergo transformations in electronic parts, cooling system, and architecture. The ultimate task of designers is to achieve the highest possible quality characteristics of the product.

Power Wall version

As mentioned earlier, along with the release of Tesla car batteries, the company produces household versions of energy storage devices. One of the productive and latest modifications was the lithium-ion version of the Power Wall. It is designed to generate energy as a permanent source or is operated as a standby structure similar to an autonomous generator. The model is presented in several variations, differing in capacity and serving to perform certain energy tasks. The most popular versions are 7 and 10 kWh units.

Regarding the operational parameters, it can be noted that Power Wall has a power of 3.3 kW with an operating voltage of 350-450 watts, a current of 9 A. The weight of the structure is 100 kilograms, therefore, its mobility is out of the question. However, as an option, for example, for summer cottages, the block is quite suitable. The unit is transported without problems, since the designers pay great attention to the mechanical protection of the body part. Certain disadvantages include a long battery charging period (12-18 hours), depending on the modification of the drive.

Model "Power Pack" (Power Pack)

This system is based on the previous version, but is focused on commercial purposes. This means that such a Tesla battery is used to service enterprises. It is a scalable energy storage device that delivers increased system performance at the target site. It should be noted that the battery capacity is 100 kW, while the indicated capacity does not apply to the maximum indicator. Engineers have provided a flexible design for the aggregation of several units with the possibility of obtaining a value from 500 kW to 10 MW.

Single modifications are also being upgraded in terms of quality of operation. Official information has already been received about the appearance of the second generation of commercial batteries, in which the power parameter was 200 kW, and the efficiency approached 99%. The specified energy storage device differs in technological indicators. To expand the volume, the developers used a reversible inverter.

This innovation made it possible to increase both the power and performance of the system. The company plans to develop and implement Power Pack cells in the design of additional solar components such as Solar Roof. This approach allows you to renew the energy potential of the battery not through special lines, but through a free solar stream in a continuous mode.

Production capacity

According to the manufacturer himself, innovative batteries are manufactured at Tesla's own Gigafactory. The assembly procedure was organized with the participation of Panasonic representatives (delivery of components for block segments). The specified enterprise produces the latest designs of power systems focused on the third generation of Model electric cars.

It is assumed that the total number of manufactured products in the limiting production cycle will be up to 35 GW / h. It is worth emphasizing that the indicated volume is half of all the parameters of batteries produced in the world. Current maintenance is carried out by a team of 6.5 thousand people. In the future, it is planned to create an additional 20,000 jobs.

Among the features, a high degree of protection against hacking of the battery is noted. This eliminates the possible risks of filling the market with counterfeit variations. In addition, the production procedure itself involves the participation of high-precision robotic technology in the process. There is no doubt that only corporations of the Tesla level are able to display all the technological production nuances at the present time. Most interested organizations do not need plagiarism, since they are actively developing their own developments.

Price policy

The cost of the Tesla battery is also constantly changing due to cheaper production technologies and due to the release of updated components with increased performance parameters. Two or three years ago, the type of accumulative device under consideration was sold within 45 thousand dollars (about 3 million rubles). Now the blocks have a price of about five thousand dollars (330,000 rubles).

Approximately the same cost for home analogues of the Power Wall configuration. The most expensive versions include a commercial battery. For example, the first generation of the specified device can be purchased for $ 20-25,000 (approximately 1,327,000 - 1,650,000 rubles).

Competing modifications

The Tesla company is not a monopolist in the production of li-ion batteries. Despite the fact that other brands are not so well known on the market, their parameters are quite competitive. Among the popular representatives:

• The Korean corporation LG produces Chem Resu drives, which are analogues of the Tesla PowerWall (a 6.5 kW / h system costs about 4 thousand dollars or 265,000 rubles).
• The product from Sunverge has a power range from 6 to 23 kW / h, is distinguished by the ability to monitor the charge and connect to solar panels (the price is 10-20 thousand dollars or 665,000 - 1,327,000 rubles).
• ElectrIQ sells household storage batteries with a capacity of 10 kW / h (together with the inverter, the product will cost $ 13,000 or 865,000 rubles).
• Among automotive competitors, firms such as Nissan and Mercedes stand out.

The first auto giant produces a series of XStorage batteries (working volume - 4.2 kW / h). The nuances of this modification include a high level of environmental safety, which fully complies with international standards for the production of passenger cars. Mercedes produces compact versions of 2.5 kW / h. At the same time, they can be combined into increased productive systems with a capacity of 20 kW / h.

Peculiarities

Tesla electric car batteries and their household counterparts are not very affordable for the mass consumer. With Power Wall systems, the situation is somewhat changing due to cheaper components. But the idea of ​​aggregation with blocks of solar panels cannot yet be successfully implemented due to the high cost. Undoubtedly, the possibility of accumulating a free energy source is beneficial for consumers, but the purchase of such structures is beyond the reach of most interested users.

A similar story is with other alternative drives, the principle of operation and the use of which gives a lot of advantages, but requires the use of high-tech devices and devices.

Outcome

In the battery market for electric vehicles, Tesla is the undisputed leader. This is largely due to the use of innovative equipment in the production of environmentally friendly transport. At the same time, the engineers of the leading company face certain obstacles. For example, the Model S series with lithium-ion cells is criticized for poor protection against the ignition of power cells.

However, designers are constantly improving their models and treat criticism constructively. For example, after the only AB fire in the history of electric vehicles, cars began to install a hollow aluminum beam (to protect against obstacles on the road surface), a shield made of pressed aluminum and a titanium plate. Everyone who bought cars before this improvement is offered to complete them free of charge at service stations.

New generation of Tesla batteries being developed in a secret area

Alexander Klimnov, photo Tesla and Teslarati.com

Today Tesla Inc. is working very hard on the next generation of its own batteries. They must store significantly more energy and at the same time become much cheaper.

New batteries can start to be used on a promising Tesla pickup truck

Californians were the ones who created the first high-energy lithium-ion batteries suitable for mass production of electric vehicles, thus dramatically increasing their range. At that time, the batteries of the Tesla Roadster model, the first-born of the Tesla brand, consisted of thousands of ordinary AA batteries for laptops, now lithium-ion batteries are specially created for electric vehicles. Now they are produced by many manufacturers, but Tesla's advanced technology still allows it to remain a leader in the energy-hungry battery segment. However, the first information about the next even more powerful generation of Tesla batteries began to leak into the world media.

Technological breakthrough through business acquisition
A revolutionary leap forward in terms of Tesla battery design is likely to come from the acquisition of Tesla Inc. Maxwell Technologies of San Diego. Maxwell manufactures supercapacitors (ionisters) and is actively researching solid state (dry) electrode technology. According to Maxwell, when using this technology, energy consumption of 300 Wh / kg has already been achieved on battery prototypes. The challenge for the future is to break through to an energy intensity level of more than 500 Wh/kg. In addition, the production cost of solid-state batteries should be 10-20% lower than those currently used by Tesla with liquid electrolyte. The California-based company also announced another bonus, a projected doubling of battery life. In this way, Tesla will be able to achieve the coveted 400-mile (643.6 km) range of its electric vehicles and achieve full price competitiveness with conventional cars.

New 2020 Tesla Roadster supercar will only be able to reach its claimed range of 640 km on brand new batteries

Tesla has planned its own production of batteries?
The German site of the magazine Auto motor und sport reports persistent rumors about the rollout of Tesla's own production of batteries. Until now, the cells (cells) have been supplied to Californians by the Japanese manufacturer Panasonic - for the Model S and Model X they are imported directly from Japan, and for the Model 3 cells are manufactured at the Gigafactory 1 plant in the US state of Nevada. Production at Gigafactory 1 is jointly managed by Panasonic and Tesla. However, this has led to huge controversy lately, as Panasonic was apparently disappointed with Tesla's sales figures, and also feared that the Californians would not expand this battery business in the future.

The intrigue of the launch of the compact Tesla Model Y in 2020 was the source of the batteries

In particular, the rhythmic supply of batteries for the Model Y announced already for the fall of 2020 has been called into question by Panasonic CEO Kazuhiro Tsuga. Panasonic has now stopped its investment in Gigafactory 1 altogether. Perhaps Tesla wants to become independent from the Japanese by developing its own production of battery cells.
Tesla is now a leader in high-capacity battery technology for electric vehicles, and Californians are determined to defend this fundamental competitive advantage. The purchase of Maxwell Technologies may be the decisive step, but it depends on how far the San Diego specialists have actually made progress in bringing the revolutionary solid-state battery technology to market.

If the revolutionary technology of solid-state batteries really takes place, then it is possible that the Tesla Semi electric tractor will become a bestseller in the truck market, like the Model 3 in the passenger car.

So far, many automakers are setting up their own production of battery cells. Tesla also seems to want to become more independent of its supplier Panasonic and is therefore also doing research in this area.
With enough revolutionary high-energy solid-state batteries, Tesla will gain a decisive market advantage and finally release the really cheap and long-range electric vehicles long promised by its owner, Elon Muskov, which will cause an avalanche growth of the BEV market.
According to CNBC sources, Tesla's secret lab is located in a separate building near Tesla's Fremont plant (screenshot photo). Previously, there were reports of a closed "zone-laboratory", located on the second floor of the enterprise. Probably the current battery division is the successor to that former laboratory, but even more classified.

Tesla can achieve a real breakthrough in the automotive market only if its line of models becomes even more “long-range” with a significant price reduction.

According to IHS Markit analysts, the most expensive element of a modern electric car is the battery, but not Tesla, but Panasonic receives most of the money for them.
Insiders are not yet able to report on the real achievements of Tesla's secret laboratory. It is assumed that Elon Musk will share it at the end of the year during the traditional conference call with investors.
Earlier it was reported that Tesla plans to sell 1,000 Tesla Model 3 electric vehicles per day. Tesla's current monthly record for Model 3 deliveries is 90,700 electric vehicles. If the company manages to deliver the planned number of electric vehicles in June, then this record can be broken.

At the end of April, Tesla introduced batteries for the home. What is it: another revolution from an American corporation or a logical link on the way to building a smart and independent home? Let's figure it out together.

Elon Musk can rightly be called a revolutionary in the world of technology. Even 10 years ago, few people believed that electric cars would hit the mass market, and today the Tesla Model S is a sedan that every car enthusiast would want to own. An alternative to the gasoline engine was found a long time ago, but no one dared to “break the whole industry” for a long time.

The issue of production and consumption of electricity in the XXI century is particularly acute. Today, the existence of mankind literally depends on it. The traditional classification of energy production has two global branches:

• mining using commercial sources: coal, oil shale, oil, gas (in fact, they are the basis of modern energy, covering 90% of the total requests from enterprises and the population), nuclear, hydro, geothermal, solar, wave and tidal stations.
• mining from non-commercial sources: agricultural and industrial waste, muscle strength, firewood.

Despite the crisis in fuel resources that made headlines in the early 1970s, almost 50 years later, little has changed in the principles of electricity generation. The population is growing, the potential need for electricity is growing, and as a result, the planet is becoming more and more polluted. And one can argue about what will come first - an energy crisis or an environmental catastrophe, but the best way out of this situation is a radical revision of the entire energy industry and the principles of providing the population with electricity.

Tesla Energy and Infrastructure

On April 30, Elon Musk will present a solution that should have a positive impact not only on the environment, but also on consumers' wallets. Tesla Powerwall cares about the environment, drastically reducing carbon dioxide emissions and lets you forget about hefty energy bills. We will deal with the last point a little later, but for now let's look at the world that Tesla offers us.

The idea of ​​energy storage and autonomous provision of houses is not new. Many owners of country cottages have covered the roofs of their homes with solar panels, providing power with lead acid batteries. And here is the first advantage of the Tesla Powerwall.

The number of charge-discharge cycles for a lead-acid battery barely reaches 800, while a lithium-ion battery boasts 1000-1200 cycles. In terms of weight-to-capacity ratio, a lithium-ion battery is almost 5 times superior to a lead-acid battery. This is what allowed Tesla to create a catchy design for its new product line.

Design and form factor. Yes, a person's opinion about any product is formed by its appearance. Rounded edges, the minimum thickness (by the standards of competing products) of the body, the presence of an assortment of colors. Even without delving into the principles of the Tesla Powerwall, you start thinking about how it would complement your garage. Tesla Powerwall is mounted on the wall and takes up a minimum of space.

Holistic Ecosystem. The presented Tesla Powerwall batteries are supplied in two versions with a capacity of 7 and 10 kWh at a price of $3000 And $3500 respectively. If the consumer feels a clear lack of capacity, he can always supplement the arsenal of batteries by purchasing another one, thereby increasing the total capacity up to 90 kWh (up to 9 batteries can be connected). Connection does not require a thorough study of the principles of building electrical networks: one cable solves all problems.

Solution for enterprises and businesses. Along with Powerwall, a product was also presented that can solve the problem of supplying factories, factories and the whole industry - batteries Tesla power pack. Their peculiarity is the ability to infinitely increase the potential capacity up to several gigawatt-hours.

Plans for full alternative electrification. Elon Musk is a person who is used to thinking globally. That is why the presentation of Tesla batteries does not have the sole purpose of selling the product to a limited circle of interested users. We are talking about large-scale and total electrification of the entire planet Earth with the help of batteries. To provide the entire planet with enough Tesla energy 900 million powerpack batteries.

Caring for the environment, a complete rejection of the production of electricity, the source of which will be exhaustible natural resources leading to the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere and the complete autonomy of any, even the most remote corner of the planet - all these are the realities of today. But until there is (if any) a global transition to electricity drawn from the sun, wind, tides and stored in batteries, a potential buyer is interested in the question: is Tesla Powerwall profitable today?

Dry numbers

So, let's calculate the economic feasibility of purchasing an innovative product from Tesla. Is the game worth the candle and how will the payback behave in the conditions of Russia and the USA.

Payment terms:

• let's take the daily electricity consumption of the Tesla Powerwall owner equal to 10 kW, i.e. the full capacity of the battery is enough for a day of consumption;
• Tesla Powerwall cost - $3 500 , which at the exchange rate current at the time of publication of these calculations is 175 000 rubles(taking into account rounding and at the rate of 50.01 rubles per $1);
• to the cost of Tesla Powerwall we add the need to purchase an inverter, the cost of which is about $ 1,500 - 75,000 rubles;
• take into account losses when connecting Tesla Powerwall in the chain battery - current converter - inverter. General System efficiency will be 87%. Those. Initially, not 10 kWh, but only 8.7 are available to the consumer.
• with two-zone billing (“day/night” rates), we will take daily energy consumption at the level of 5 kWh (57.5% of the maximum Tesla Powerwall resource), and evening energy consumption at the level of 3.7 kWh (42.5%) .

The situation in the USA:

Valid in the USA two-zone tariff for electricity bills:

From 14:00 to 19:00 the cost of 1 kWh of electricity is $0.2032 (10.16 rubles).
From 19:00 to 14:00 the cost drops sharply to $0.0463 (2.31 rubles) per 1 kWh.

With a consumption of 5 kWh in the daytime and 3.7 kWh in the “night” time, the daily costs using a standard power grid will be:

5 kW * h * 10.16 rubles + 3.7 kW * h * 2.31 rubles = 50.82 rubles + 8.54 rubles = 59.36 rubles / day.
59.34 rubles * 365 days = 21,659 rubles per year.

A standard lithium-ion battery loses about 6% (0.6 kW) of its original capacity (i.e. 10 kW) per year. Every year its capacity will decrease and after 3-4 years only one Tesla Powerwall will not be enough. Here are rough calculations of how the battery will behave over time.

Years of operation: The maximum battery life is 15 years.
Maximum capacity: decreases by 6% (0.6 kW) of the original capacity every year.
Electricity cost: calculated from the ratio of day / night rates at the prices indicated above.
Saving: how much Tesla Powerwall saves per year.
Spending on additional energy: we agreed that we consume 8.7 kW per day. The missing electricity (caused by the degradation of the battery) is compensated by the public electricity network.

Over 15 years of use, even without taking into account the waste of additional energy, Tesla Powerwall not paying off. Considering that the cost of a kWh of electricity in Russia is about 60% lower, it is hardly worth talking about the expediency of such an acquisition. Let me remind you that the purchase of the Tesla Powerwall kit cost 250,000 rubles, and this does not include solar panels.

Reflections

Tesla's self-sustaining solution is the right way to look to a future without emissions and ruthless use of natural resources. Alas, for the end consumer, the cost declared on the Tesla Powerwall will not be an economically profitable acquisition. To buy a battery, you will need to add the “price of incense and candles” in the form of solar panels, a converter and an inverter, and the degradation of lithium-ion batteries is simply will not cover the initial costs. But if you are ready to invest in the future, ready to take a step towards the "green planet" and the price of the issue is not decisive - the time for Tesla Powerwall has already come for you.

And do not forget that the disposal of any battery also costs money. Sometimes a lot.

Powered solely by electricity stored in batteries.

Since the beginning of production, Tesla has installed batteries with a capacity of 40 to 100 kWh, each of which consists of 8, 12 or 16 sections, on its Model S electric cars, and later on the Model X.

Each section consists of interconnected small Panasonic AA batteries, slightly larger than standard AA batteries. Cylindrical Tesla batteries are 18mm in diameter and 65mm high. It is also worth noting that their advantage lies in durability, reliability and performance in harsh automotive conditions.

1 - Battery; 2 - Voltage converter (DC / DC); 3 - High voltage cable (orange); 4 - Main on-board charger 10 kW; 5 - Additional charger 10 kW (optional); 6 - Charging connector; 7 - Drive module;

Battery 40 kWh

The 40-kilowatt battery comes in two types: the 40-kilowatt battery with 8 sections (segments/cells) (based on the Toyota RAV4 EV battery), and the 60-kilowatt battery, which had 12 cells and was programmed to charge up to 40 kilowatts. .

Tesla Model S 40 kWh was not popular, so their production was soon completed.

Battery 60 kWh

The 60 kW battery consisted of 12 or 16 sections. The 12-section battery was installed on the Model S40, the 16-section battery received the designation "NEW" and was radically modified.

Battery 70/75 kWh

In addition to the fact that this battery was installed on the Model S60 (S60D), it was also installed on the S70 (S70D) and S75 (S75D), but with
advanced features.

The 60 kWh battery for the 60th model was distinguished by the absence of 77 AA batteries, for the 70s Model S, all 16 sections were completely filled with batteries, due to which the overall battery capacity increased.

Battery 85/90 kWh

Tesla battery 85, 90 and 100 kWh consists of 16 sections. Each cell consists of 444 "finger" batteries and has its own BMS board, which manages the balancing of all cells.

The most popular battery supplied by Tesla (85 kWh) contains 7104 18650 batteries.

In 2015, Panasonic redesigned the anode, increasing the battery capacity by about 6%, allowing the battery packs to store up to 90kW of energy. As a result, a 90-kilowatt battery differs from an 85-kilowatt one not in capacity:

• firstly, the capacity of the Panasonic 18650 battery in an 85-kilowatt battery weighs 46 grams, in a 90-kilowatt battery the same battery weighs 48.5 grams;
• secondly, the current output in the 85th battery is 10C, in the 90th - 25C (for this reason, the Ludicrous mode is available only on Tesla with 90 and 100 kWh batteries, since technical capabilities allow the car to give the car more frisky dynamics);

Battery 100 kWh

The most powerful Tesla battery. The internal battery cells have been reconfigured to hold 516 18650 batteries per module.

In total, 8256 Panasonic batteries were placed in the 100-kilowatt battery, capable of storing just over 100 kWh of energy, and allowing Tesla electric cars to travel more than 500 kilometers.

This battery has a current output of 25C and represents the "state of the art" in battery engineering from Tesla.

And even this development and improvement does not stop. To further improve battery efficiency and reduce costs, Tesla has built a massive battery factory in Sparks, Nevada called Gigafactory 1.

The factory produces a new battery design called the 2170. It is 21mm in diameter and 70mm high, and was originally used in the Tesla Powerwall and Powerpack, as well as the new Tesla Model 3 sedan, which is smaller and cheaper than the Model S.

The 2170 battery is 46% larger than the 18650 and 10-15% more energy efficient than the 18650.

It is very important to charge the battery correctly, namely with the proper charger - original or from a quality manufacturer, since homemade chargers cause the battery to overheat, bad contacts and poor current quality, which greatly affects the capacity and durability of the battery.

During operation, the manufacturer strongly advises against exposing the vehicle to continuous temperatures above +60C or below -30C for more than 24 hours.

It is recommended not to allow a complete discharge of the battery. If the car is not in use, the energy is gradually spent on powering the on-board electronics (the battery is discharged by an average of 1% daily).

To prevent a complete discharge, it is recommended to put the car into an energy-saving mode, which turns off the power of the on-board electronics, which will reduce the discharge to 4% per month. It is also worth noting that in the energy-saving mode, charging of the 12-volt battery stops, which will lead to a full discharge within 12 hours. Therefore, in this case, you will need to connect to an external starting battery or replace it.

But, do not forget that when you activate the power saving mode, you must connect the car to a power source for 2 months to prevent the Tesla battery from completely discharging.

Traction lithium-ion batteriesTesla, what is inside?

Tesla Motors is the creator of truly revolutionary eco-cars - electric vehicles that are not only mass-produced, but also have unique performance that allows their use literally every day. Today we take a look inside the Tesla Model S traction battery, find out how it works and uncover the magic of this battery's success.

Batteries are delivered to customers in such OSB boxes.

The largest and most expensive spare part for the Tesla Model S is the traction battery pack.

The traction battery pack is located in the bottom of the car (in fact, it is the floor of an electric car - a car), due to which the Tesla Model S has a very low center of gravity and excellent handling. The battery is attached to the power part of the body using powerful brackets (see photo below) or acts as a power-bearing part of the car body.

According to the North American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a single charge of Tesla's 400V DC, 85kWh traction lithium-ion battery pack is enough for 265 miles (426 km) of driving, which allows you to overcome the greatest distance among similar electric vehicles. At the same time, from 0 to 100 km / h, such a car accelerates in just 4.4 seconds.

The secret of the success of the Tesla Model S is highly efficient cylindrical lithium-ion batteries of high energy intensity, the supplier of the basic elements is the well-known Japanese company Panasonic. There are a lot of rumors around these batteries.

ABOUTding outthem isdanger! Keep out!

One of the owners and enthusiasts of the Tesla Model S from the USA decided to completely disassemble the used battery for the Tesla Model S with an energy capacity of 85 kWh in order to study its design in detail. By the way, its cost as a spare part in the USA is 12,000 USD.

On top of the battery pack there is a heat and sound insulating coating, which is covered with a thick plastic film. We remove this coating, in the form of a carpet, and prepare for disassembly. To work with the battery, you must have an insulated tool and use rubber shoes and rubber protective gloves.

Tesla battery. We disassemble!

The Tesla traction battery (traction battery pack) consists of 16 battery modules, each with a nominal voltage of 25V (battery pack design - IP56). Sixteen battery modules are connected in series in a battery with a nominal voltage of 400V. Each battery module consists of 444 cells (batteries) 18650 Panasonic (the weight of one battery is 46 g), which are connected according to the 6s74p scheme (6 cells in series and 74 such groups in parallel). In total, there are 7104 such elements (batteries) in the Tesla traction battery. The battery is protected from the environment by using a metal case with an aluminum cover. On the inside of the common aluminum cover there are plastic linings, in the form of a film. The common aluminum cover is fastened with screws with metal and rubber gaskets, which are sealed, additionally with silicone sealant. The traction battery pack is divided into 14 compartments, each compartment contains a battery module. Sheets of pressed mica are placed at the top and bottom of the battery modules in each compartment. Mica sheets provide good electrical and thermal insulation of the battery from the body of the electric vehicle. Separately, in front of the battery, under its cover, there are two of the same battery modules. Each of the 16 battery modules has a built-in BMU, which is connected to a common BMS system that controls the operation, monitors the parameters, and also provides protection for the entire battery. The common output terminals (terminal) are located at the rear of the traction battery unit.

Before completely disassembling it, the electrical voltage was measured (it was about 313.8V), which indicates that the battery is discharged, but is in working condition.

The battery modules are distinguished by the high density of Panasonic 18650 cells (batteries) that are placed there and the accuracy of fitting parts. The entire assembly process at the Tesla factory takes place in a completely sterile room, using robots, even a certain temperature and humidity are maintained.

Each battery module consists of 444 cells (batteries), which are very similar in appearance to simple finger-type batteries - these are 18650 lithium-ion cylindrical batteries manufactured by Panasonic. The energy intensity of each battery module of these cells is 5.3 kWh.

In Panasonic 18650 batteries, the positive electrode is graphite and the negative electrode is nickel, cobalt and alumina.

Tesla's traction battery weighs 540 kg and measures 210 cm long, 150 cm wide, and 15 cm thick. The amount of energy (5.3 kWh) generated by just one unit (out of 16 battery modules) is equal to the amount produced by a hundred batteries from 100 laptops. A wire (external current limiter) is soldered to the minus of each element (battery) as a connector, which, when the current is exceeded (or in the event of a short circuit), burns out and protects the circuit, while only the group (of 6 batteries) in which this element was not working , all other batteries continue to work.

Tesla's traction battery is cooled and heated by an antifreeze-based fluid system.

When assembling its batteries, Tesla uses cells (batteries) manufactured by Panasonic in various countries such as India, China and Mexico. The final modification and placement in the battery compartment case are made in the United States. Tesla provides warranty service for its products (including batteries) for up to 8 years.

In the photo (above) the elements are Panasonic 18650 batteries (the elements are rolled from the plus side “+”).

Thus, we learned what the Tesla Model S traction battery consists of.

Thank you for your attention!