Nickel cadmium ni cd batteries. Processes on the negative electrode

All batteries are designed for repeated deep charge-discharge.

The positive electrode (cathode) contains nickel oxide-hydroxide NiOOH with graphite powder (5-8%), and the negative electrode (anode) contains metallic cadmium Cd in powder form.

Batteries of this type are often referred to as rolled, since the electrodes are rolled into a cylinder (roll) together with a separating layer, placed in a metal case and filled with electrolyte. The separator (separator), moistened with electrolyte, isolates the plates from each other. It is made of non-woven material, which must be resistant to alkali. The most common electrolyte is potassium hydroxide KOH with the addition of lithium hydroxide LiOH, which promotes the formation of lithium nickelates and increases the capacity by 20%.

at the anode:
Cd (tv) + 2OH - (l) → Cd (OH) 2 (tv) + 2e -

At the cathode:
2Ni III O(OH) (solid) + 2H 2 O (l) + 2e – → 2Ni II (OH) 2 (solid) + 2OH – (l)

The total discharge equation for nickel cadmium battery:

2 NiOOH + Cd + 2 H 2 O ↔ 2 Ni(OH) 2 + Cd(OH) 2

Terminal voltage 1,2 IN

Advantages:

Gives a relatively strong current, which is why it is used, for example, in batteries working tools,

Possibility of fast and simple charge, even after long-term storage of the battery;
a large number of charge/discharge cycles: at correct operation- more than 1000 cycles;
good load capacity and the ability to operate under low temperatures;
long periods of storage at any degree of charge.

Flaws: cadmium toxicity; "memory" effect.

http://www.ixbt.com/mobile/accumulators-mem.shtml

Nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH)

The anode is an alloy of nickel with some other metal (La, Li); the alloy as a whole is denoted by the letter M. Such a material makes it possible to retain hydrogen atoms (H) in the voids of the crystal lattice.

The cathode is a mixture of basic oxide and nickel hydroxide.

The voltage at the terminals is about 1.2 V.

Used in mobile phones old types. Available for sale NiMH batteries standard battery size (AA, etc.), which have recently supplanted in this area NiCd accumulators.

Advantages: high specific capacity, relatively light, less toxic compared to NiCd battery.

Flaws: relatively fast self-discharge; more expensive than the above batteries.

• charge only completely discharged batteries;
• You should not place a charged battery for additional recharging, as this significantly reduces the period of its use;
• it is not recommended to remove an undercharged battery from the charger;
• Do not leave Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries in the charger after the end of the charge for a long time, since the charger continues to charge them even after a full charge, but only with a much lower current. Long-term presence of Ni-Cd- and Ni-MH batteries in the memory leads to their overcharging and deterioration of parameters;
• Batteries must be at room temperature before charging. The most efficient charging at a temperature environment from +10°С to +25°С.

Store Ni-MHbatteries need to be in a cool dry place at a temperature slightly below room temperature, charged by 40%. Once every 1-2 months, you should recharge, discharge and charge again at 30-60% capacity. Storage for up to 5 years is acceptable.

The nespokoyniy channel told how to restore a dead battery, which is installed on a screwdriver. In our case, a nickel-cadmium battery. You can buy everything you need for recovery with free shipping in this Chinese store.
Dismantled the boxes. This is how they look.

I decided to restore, because there is no charge in the nickel-cadmium battery. The reason is that several cans do not gain capacity and, accordingly, the entire battery does not accept a charge, there is no work. The battery has 1300 capacity. I tried to charge one jar with this device, one by one. I looked at how much each one is charging. IN this case, if signed by the upper bank in 1781, 1888, this despite the fact that the norm 1300 is written. On some 68, 73, 50, others are normal 1340, 1359. Some are normal, some do not take a charge.

Battery or any source of about 12 volts. I tied 2 wires plus or minus on my knees and do the so-called start of the battery. On a jar, which is 1.2 volts, we touch the wires. There is a small click, for one second, remove. We do this 3-4 times.
After that, we begin to charge in a new way from the IMAX B6. IN this moment is charging. It can be seen that 1382 has already scored in about 1.5 hours. 1383, 1.76 volts, the processor decides how much voltage to give. First we program, then we set. One bank of 1.2 volts, charging. The one that scored 1387 no longer takes. Initially, 71 were provided. Already, roughly speaking, 1400. After such a start, a short touch with a powerful voltage, almost 10 times. Also here, let's not move, the crocodiles can unhook. There was also a bank, it was indicated 40, 1426 were dialed and the like, the bank was 80 with something, that is, everyone is gaining more than 1300. Thus, it is planned to drive away. There are still a couple of jars left to make for this battery.
Continuation from 4 minutes on the video about the method of recovering a nickel-cadmium out of service battery.

There is a way.

Three ways to repair a screwdriver battery

If your screwdriver battery is out of order, then there are several ways to fix it.

1. Replace a “dead” jar.

Let's analyze this method using the example of a screwdriver for 12 V, NiCd (nickel-cadmium battery). Its battery inside has 10 cans of 1.2 volts connected in series, which gives us 12 volts at the output (1.2 * 10 = 12). The capacity of all cans is the same, for example 1.5 Ah.

When the cans are connected in series, we have the same 1.5 Ah at the output. We measure the voltage on each bank with a voltmeter. Usually the battery fails due to one cell. A “dead” can will have the lowest voltage.


It needs to be replaced with another one. And where can I get it? If you have two “dead” batteries, then you can make one out of two. You can ask your friends, many have old “Shuriki” in the garage. You can order a jar in China. The main thing is that the element (bank) is completely identical in voltage and capacity to the rest of the battery elements. You need to buy banks with plates already welded, since it is not advisable to solder the banks themselves. We solder the plates together for both old and new elements.

2. Completely replace all elements

3. Convert the battery to lithium ion

It is necessary to purchase high-current lithium cells of the required capacity in China, a BMS balancing board to charge them. You can buy another connector and charger for these cans. But you can charge with a standard charger. Details about this alteration can be found on my channel.
https://zen.yandex.ru/media/master_dom/

Makita screwdriver battery repair

Hello dear readers. My friend has a good Makita 6271 screwdriver. “Shurik” is cool, though old, but the batteries have died a long time ago. He asked me to convert the batteries to lithium ion. I ordered all the components in China, waited for the parcels and started reworking.
Of the old "cans" you will need only the top two, on which the terminal block sits.

We release the case and remove all the plastic protrusions in it.

I decided to install 3 batteries, such as 18650, a 20 A balancing board and a charging socket. Batteries need high current, with a discharge current of 20 or 30 A.

Twisted the batteries with electrical tape and soldered. You need to solder quickly, without overheating the jar.

Then I soldered the necessary wires to the batteries, following the diagram on the board.


The wires initially took longer than required.

After soldering, I glued the contacts with double-sided tape.


Socket, terminals and temperature sensor (TD) connected as follows:


The sensor itself looks like this. It needs to be unsoldered from the negative terminal and soldered to the B- contact, which will allow you to charge the battery with native charging.

Prepared a socket for the charger.


I collected all the elements, soldered following the diagrams and closed the case.


I made a nest for the second charger just in case, the price of one nest is about 5 rubles.

If you buy a charger, it is better to take it with such parameters. Everything works, the battery turned out to be very light. Good luck with your remodels.

Even though nickel cadmium batteries prohibited from production in the European Union since this year, these tireless workers are still used in many inexpensive and powerful offline devices ah (screwdrivers, electric shavers, flashlights).

Even if the instruction manual does not say anything about the type of battery of the device, it is quite simple to determine that it is the nickel-cadmium battery that serves as a current source - most often the charging time is indicated in the range of 5-12 hours and there is an indication of the need to turn off the charger on its own after charge time.

For nickel-cadmium batteries, fast pulse charging is preferable to slow charging. direct current. These batteries can give out more power, which is what determines their choice for powerful standalone devices. Nickel-cadmium batteries are the only type of batteries that can withstand full discharge under heavy load without any consequences. Other types of batteries require incomplete discharge at relatively low power loads.

Nickel-cadmium batteries do not like long-term charging with occasional light loads. Periodic full discharge is necessary for them like air is for a person - in the absence of a complete discharge, large metal crystals form on the electrodes (which leads to the manifestation of the so-called "memory effect") - the battery abruptly loses its capacity. For long and effective work NiCd batteries require battery maintenance cycles - full discharge followed by fully charged, based on most recommendations - once a month, at least once every 2-3 months.

Nickel-cadmium batteries are the most "fool-resistant" of modern mass-produced batteries - their use does not even require a system for monitoring battery parameters, which determines their use in inexpensive and powerful devices.

Charging with low currents in 5-12 hours allows you to do without any precautions in the form of charge-discharge control systems. When recharging, the battery will simply slowly lose capacity (to the delight of the manufacturer). Be aware of this when using "bad-boy" chargers (chargers without mechanism automatic control charge). Therefore, it is best to charge a completely discharged battery and strictly observe the charging time, which will preserve the capacity. NiCd battery enough for a long time.

When using "fast" charging (with a charge time of less than 5 hours), it is desirable to have a charger with a temperature sensor, since the temperature of the battery rises during charging, the capacity increases along with the temperature, as the capacity increases, the charger can recharge the battery over required level, which leads to an even greater increase in temperature (the phenomenon of "thermal runaway" of the battery) and, at a minimum, to a deterioration in battery parameters. Similar situation also exists when charging the battery at low temperatures. Temperature sensor allows you to shift the charge parameters depending on the battery temperature, as well as disconnect the battery from charging when the temperature rise rate exceeds 1 degree Celsius per minute or when the battery temperature reaches 60 degrees Celsius, which avoids the tragic consequences of thermal runaway.

As an illustration of the need for a temperature sensor in a charger, I can give an example of a two-year-old charge of a nickel-cadmium battery for a professional screwdriver on a charger without a temperature sensor (in the photo - this is the charger itself), which allows you to charge the battery at an accelerated pace - in an hour. At that time, the temperature in the apartment was about 30 ° C, the charger should automatically charge the battery until the target voltage is reached and automatically turn off, which was said in English in white in the instructions in the safety section. In the morning, the first battery from the set was charged without any excesses - after 50 minutes the charger turned off, towards the evening the second battery gave a surprise when charging: due to the lack of a temperature sensor in the charger, the battery entered the thermal acceleration mode. Since the charge was accelerated, the problem was noticed late - when the battery went into smoke and began to spray hot electrolyte. The charger, which was quickly disconnected from the network, was saved. The battery snorted in agony for a long time, trying to cause as much damage as possible when leaving for another world, but it failed and the damage was limited to the cost of the battery itself - 15USD. Since then, the charger has been connected to the network through a timer.

Despite their shortcomings, nickel-cadmium batteries still exist among us. I hope that some of the theory and practical experience presented in the article will allow the reader to get the most out of the nickel-cadmium battery of his device that he is capable of.

Copyright © Dmitry Spitsyn, 2009.

Thanks to improvements in manufacturing, Ni-Cd batteries are now used in most portable electronic devices. Acceptable cost and high performance indicators made the presented type of batteries popular. Such devices are now widely used in tools, cameras, players, etc. In order for the battery to last a long time, you need to know how to charge Ni-Cd batteries. By adhering to the rules for operating such devices, you can significantly extend their service life.

Main characteristics

To understand how to charge Ni-Cd batteries, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of such devices. They were invented by W. Jungner back in 1899. However, their production was then too costly. Technology has improved. Today, easy-to-use and relatively inexpensive batteries are on sale. nickel cadmium type.

The presented devices require that the charge be fast and the discharge slow. Moreover, the emptying of the battery capacity must be performed completely. Recharging in progress impulse currents. These parameters should be adhered to throughout the life of the device. Knowing Ni-Cd, you can extend its service life by several years. At the same time, such batteries are operated even in the most difficult conditions. A feature of the presented batteries is the "memory effect". If you do not periodically discharge the battery completely, large crystals will form on the plates of its cells. They reduce the capacity of the battery.

Advantages

To understand how to properly charge the Ni-Cd batteries of a screwdriver, camera, camera and other portable devices, you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of this process. It is simple and does not require special knowledge and skills from the user. Even after the battery has been stored for a long time, it can be quickly charged again. This is one of the advantages of the presented devices, which make them in demand.

Nickel-cadmium batteries have big amount charge and discharge cycles. Depending on the manufacturer and operating conditions, this figure can reach more than 1 thousand cycles. The advantage of the Ni-Cd battery is its endurance and the ability to work under stressed conditions. Even when operating it in the cold, the equipment will work properly. Its capacity in such conditions does not change. At any state of charge, the battery can be stored for a long time. Its important advantage is its low cost.

Flaws

One of the disadvantages of the presented devices is the fact that the user must necessarily learn, how to properly charge Ni-Cd batteries. The presented batteries, as mentioned above, have a “memory effect”. Therefore, the user must periodically carry out preventive measures to eliminate it.

The energy density of the presented batteries will be somewhat lower than that of other types of autonomous power sources. In addition, in the manufacture of these devices, toxic materials that are unsafe for the environment and human health are used. Disposal of such substances requires additional costs. Therefore, the use of such batteries is restricted in some countries.

Ni-Cd batteries require a charge cycle after long periods of storage. It's connected with high speed self-discharge. This is also a design flaw. However, knowing how to properly charge Ni-Cd batteries, if used correctly, can provide your equipment with an autonomous power source for many years.

Varieties of chargers

To properly charge a nickel-cadmium type battery, you need to use special equipment. Most often it comes with a battery. If for some reason there is no charger, you can purchase it separately. On sale today are automatic and reverse impulse varieties. Using the first type of devices, the user does not need to know what voltage to charge Ni-Cd batteries. The process is carried out in automatic mode. At the same time, you can charge or discharge up to 4 batteries at the same time.

Using a special switch, the device is set to discharge mode. In this case, the color indicator will glow yellow. When this procedure is completed, the device automatically switches to charging mode. The red indicator will light up. When the battery reaches the required capacity, the device will stop supplying current to the battery. In this case, the indicator will turn green. Reversible belong to the group professional equipment. They are capable of performing several charge and discharge cycles with different durations.

Special and universal chargers

Many users are interested in the question of how to charge a screwdriver battery Ni-Cd type. In this case, a conventional device designed for finger batteries will not work. A special charger is most often supplied with a screwdriver. It should be used when servicing the battery. If there is no charger, you should purchase equipment for batteries of the type presented. In this case, it will be possible to charge only the battery of the screwdriver. If there are different types of batteries in operation, it is worth purchasing universal equipment. It will allow servicing autonomous energy sources for almost all devices (cameras, screwdrivers and even batteries). For example, it can charge iMAX B6 Ni-Cd batteries. This is a simple and useful device in the household.

Discharging a pressed battery

A special design is characterized by extruded Ni- and the discharge of the presented devices depends on their internal resistance. This indicator is affected by some design features. For long work The equipment uses batteries of disk type. They have flat electrodes of sufficient thickness. During discharging, their voltage slowly drops to 1.1 V. This can be checked by plotting the curve.

If the battery continues to discharge to 1 V, its discharge capacity will be 5-10% of the original value. If the current is increased to 0.2 C, the voltage is significantly reduced. This also applies to battery capacity. This is due to the impossibility of discharging the mass uniformly over the entire surface of the electrode. Therefore, today their thickness is reduced. At the same time, there are 4 electrodes in the design of the disk battery. In this case, they can be discharged with a current of 0.6 C.

Cylindrical batteries

Today, batteries with cermet electrodes are widely used. They have low resistance and provide high energy performance of the device. Charged voltage A Ni-Cd battery of this type is held at 1.2 V until 90% of the specified capacity is lost. About 3% of it is lost during the subsequent discharge from 1.1 to 1 V. The presented type of batteries can be discharged with a current of 3-5 C.

Roll-type electrodes are installed in cylindrical accumulators. They can be discharged with more than high rates, which is at the level of 7-10 C. The capacity indicator will be maximum at a temperature of +20 ºС. As it increases, this value changes insignificantly. If the temperature drops to 0 ºС and below, the discharge capacity decreases in direct proportion to the increase in the discharge current. How to charge Ni- CD batteries, varieties which are on sale, it is necessary to consider in detail.

General charging rules

When charging a nickel-cadmium battery, it is extremely important to limit the excess current supplied to the electrodes. This is necessary due to the buildup inside the device during this process of pressure. When charging, oxygen will be released. This affects the current utilization factor, which will decrease. There are certain requirements that explain how to charge Ni- CD batteries. Parameters process is taken into account by manufacturers special equipment. Charging device in the course of their work, they report to the battery 160% of the nominal capacity value. The temperature range throughout the entire process must remain within the range from 0 to +40 ºС.

Standard charge mode

Manufacturers must indicate in the instructions, how much to charge Ni-Cd-battery and what current should be done. Most often, the execution mode of this process is standard for most types of batteries. If the battery has a voltage of 1 V, it should be charged within 14-16 hours. In this case, the current should be 0.1 C.

In some cases, the characteristics of the process may differ slightly. This is influenced by the design features of the device, as well as the increased laying of the active mass. This is necessary to increase the capacity of the battery.

The user may also be interested how to charge the battery Ni-Cd. In this case, there are two options. In the first case, the current will be constant throughout the entire process. The second option allows you to charge the battery for a long time without the risk of damaging it. The scheme involves the use of a stepwise or smooth decrease in current. At the first stage, it will significantly exceed 0.1 C.

Fast Charging

There are other ways that accept Ni- CD batteries. How to charge battery of this type in fast mode? There is a whole system here. Manufacturers increase the speed of this process through the release of special devices. They can be charged at high current rates. In this case, the device has a special control system. It prevents a strong overcharging of the battery. Either the battery itself or its charger can have such a system.

Cylindrical varieties of devices are charged with a constant type current, the value of which is 0.2 C. The process will last only 6-7 hours. In some cases, it is allowed to charge the battery with a current of 0.3 C for 3-4 hours. In this case, process control is essential. With an accelerated procedure, the recharge rate should be no more than 120-140% of the capacity. There are even batteries that can be fully charged in just 1 hour.

Stop charging

When learning how to charge Ni-Cd batteries, you need to consider completing the process. After the current stops flowing to the electrodes, the pressure inside the battery still continues to rise. This process occurs due to the oxidation of hydroxide ions on the electrodes.

For some time there is a gradual equation of the rate of oxygen evolution and absorption at both electrodes. This leads to a gradual decrease in pressure inside the accumulator. If the recharge was significant, this process will be slower.

Mode setting

To properly charge Ni-Cd battery, you need to know the rules for setting up the equipment (if they are provided by the manufacturer). Rated capacity batteries must have a charge current of up to 2 C. You must select the type of pulse. It can be Normal, Re-Flex or Flex. The sensitivity threshold (pressure drop) should be 7-10 mV. It is also called Delta Peak. It is better to set it at the minimum level. The pump current must be set in the range of 50-100 mAh. To be able to fully use the power of the battery, you need to charge high current. If it is required maximum power, the battery is charged with a small current in normal mode. Having considered how to charge Ni-Cd batteries, each user will be able to perform this process correctly.

Battery-powered power tools are now in unprecedented demand, as they make it possible to work autonomously from the power supply network quite long term. During operation, such equipment does not require additional laying of power extension cords and network filters throughout the room, which constantly interfere with the work process.

Many people wonder which batteries are best for cordless tools. You can answer it only by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each type of battery.

Types of batteries

A screwdriver battery (battery) is an element of a device that accumulates the energy reserve necessary for its operation. Right choice this important component affects the future operational and technical properties equipment.

Today, battery products are used everywhere: from children's toys and hygiene devices to laptops and cars.

Batteries are various types and subtypes but in the configuration of the power tool found wide application only the following:

• nickel-cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd);
• nickel-metal hydride cells (Ni-MH);
• lithium-ion batteries (Li-Ion);
• lithium-polymer storage elements (Li-Pol).

Each of these types of batteries has its own negative and positive sides, based on which you need to choose a power tool.

Important! During the first use and in further operation, important specifications battery can be measured with a multimeter.

Nickel-cadmium storage cells

Nickel-cadmium batteries are the most popular type of battery in screwdrivers, developed over a century ago. Widespread due to sufficient energy capacity and high reliability at a low price.

Nickel-cadmium batteries for a screwdriver are distinguished from other types by the following advantages:

1. Proper operation of the battery allows you to increase its service life up to 3-4 years;
2. The Ni-Cd rechargeable battery can be operated at a low temperature background without significant loss of its charge, which makes it possible to work with the tool on outdoors in winter;
3. unpretentiousness even to the most extreme conditions work, reliability;
4. The battery can be discharged and recharged up to 1000 times;
5. Excellent load capacity;
6. Failed components can be reanimated by a whole range of measures;
7. Such a battery can be in a discharged state for quite a long time without losing its basic properties. A tool with such a battery can be used until it is completely discharged and only after that it can be recharged - the battery capacity will not change downwards.

Having a lot in stock positive sides, nickel-cadmium batteries are not without and weaknesses, namely:

• high toxicity of substances that are filled with battery components (cans), which causes problems with the disposal of used cells;
• rather large weight in comparison with other types of batteries;
• a high rate of self-discharge, which leads to a loss of capacitive qualities and a general decrease in voltage;
• memory effect - a phenomenon that occurs when the battery cell is not completely discharged, when the battery remembers this value when plugged into the network for charging and during further operation it will turn off at this mark, and not until it is completely discharged.

Due to the memory effect in nickel-cadmium batteries, it is necessary to regularly carry out resuscitation measures to eliminate it, which are called “memory flashing”.

The essence of this event is the impact on the accumulating components high voltage greater than the nominal value. By such procedures, it is possible to correct the memory effect and increase the lost capacity of the battery.

Interesting to know. Many European states banned the use of nickel-cadmium batteries in various equipment and devices in order to maintain the environment in their territories.

Nickel-metal hydride batteries

Ni-MH batteries were created to eliminate significant shortcomings nickel-cadmium batteries and have the following advantages:

• mild memory effect;
• practically non-toxic;
• high capacitive properties;
• small weight and dimensions;
• battery components are amenable to recovery procedures;
• high resistance to mechanical damage.

However, along with many advantages, there are also significant disadvantages of nickel-metal hydride energy storage elements:

• long charge to full mark;
• tools with these batteries are not recommended for use with sub-zero temperatures environment;
• rather high price;
• reduced number of charging cycles (about 500-600);
• more low term service life in comparison with other types of batteries for screwdrivers;
• can be quickly discharged;
• the battery cannot be completely discharged.

Based on a comparison of batteries of this type with nickel-cadmium batteries, it can be concluded that according to performance characteristics the latter is much better.

Li-ion batteries

Batteries whose cells contain a chemical element such as lithium are called lithium-ion. This type of battery has a huge number of advantages over other types of batteries.

Advantages of Li-Ion batteries:

• fast charging;
• there is practically no memory effect;
• almost zero self-discharge;
• do not lose the capacity indicator during the charging process at any stage of the battery discharge;
• do not contain toxic substances and their impurities;
• good service life - 4-7 years;
• small size and weight.

Minuses lithium ion cells supply:

• low resistance to damage mechanical type(possible explosion from a strong impact);
• rather high cost;
• quickly fails with a deep discharge;
• over time, the process of decomposition of lithium occurs, which leads to the failure of some constituent parts battery system;
• are not subject to resuscitation measures - if any element fails, it can only be replaced with a new one;
• fast discharge at low temperatures.

Important! Lithium-ion batteries are various kinds, differing from each other in dimensions, capacity and other characteristics. For their excellent capacity, 18650 lithium-ion batteries are widely used, which are most often used when converting Ni Cd batteries to lithium-ion.

Lithium polymer batteries

Li-Pol batteries - batteries latest generation developed on the basis of lithium-ion technology. The main difference between such batteries and lithium-ion batteries is the replacement of a liquid electrolyte with a polymer gel-like substance. As a result, the manufacturer of such batteries was able to significantly increase their capacitive characteristics, reduce weight and dimensions, thereby creating ultra-thin batteries.

It is also worth noting that such Li-Pol storage products have become less explosive than their predecessors.

The obvious disadvantages of lithium-polymer batteries for screwdrivers are:

• low service life - only 2-3 years;
• a small number of charge-discharge cycles - only 500;
• high cost;
• high requirements for working conditions.

Note! Drills and screwdrivers based on lithium-polymer batteries are rare due to the cost of this technology. As a rule, they can be introduced by manufacturers into their premium line of power tools.

Comparative battery rating

If we compare all types of batteries with each other according to the main characteristics, scoring from 1 to 5, we get the following rating table.

Comparative table of batteries by types for 12v

Parameter	Nickel Cadmium	Li-ion	Lithium polymer	Nickel metal hydride
Price	5	2	1	3
Fear of freezing temperatures	4	2	5	2
Capacity	2	4	5	3
element memory effect	1	5	5	3
self-discharge	2	4	5	3
Number of discharge-charge cycles	3	4	2	1
Toxicity	1	5	5	3
Fear of deep discharge	5	2	3	3
Dimensions	1	4	5	3
Total points	24	32	36	24

It is impossible to get an unambiguous answer to the question of which battery is best for a screwdriver, since each type of battery has its own distinctive features and suitable for various operating conditions.

So nickel-cadmium batteries in a screwdriver, for their unpretentiousness, they can be used at any ambient temperature, and because of their low cost and the ability to stay for a long time without charging, this version of a power tool is ideal for infrequent use at home.

Professionals give the choice to a screwdriver based on lithium-ion batteries, since such batteries have a high capacity, quickly charge, do not have self-discharge, which makes it possible to operate it for a long time without long charges.

Important! It is possible to convert one type of battery into another, if you follow certain rules and instructions, for example, from a nickel-cadmium battery you can make lithium ion battery by purchasing necessary components, new charger and other materials.

The choice of a screwdriver, a drill and a battery for it is not an easy task, but an important one, since it depends on this element whether the tool will cope with the tasks assigned to it. It is recommended that you make your choice based on the purpose of using the devices, as well as an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of battery.

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