Currently, there are many methods for charging batteries. There are more modern ones that require special chargers, and there are also simple, classic charging methods that have been known since the creation of batteries and are still popular today.
Today we will consider two classical charge methods battery.
1. Battery charge at constant charging current. i=const.
2. Charge battery at constant charging voltage. U=const.
Today we need the following devices:
1. Level tube (if any)
2. Hydrometer.
3. Voltmeter (multimeter or built-in charger device).
4. Charger.
Before you start charging the battery, you need to make sure that this is necessary, that is, check the battery and prepare it for charging, for this we need:
1. Clean the battery case, terminals from oxides, unscrew the filler plugs
2. Check the electrolyte level using a level tube and if a low level is observed (less than 10-12 mm), it is necessary to add distilled water.
3. Measure the density of the electrolyte using a hydrometer
4. Measure the voltage (EMF) of the battery using a voltmeter or multimeter. 
And it is desirable to write down or remember these values, we will need them to control the end of the battery charge.
According to the measured values of the density and voltage of the battery, determine whether it still needs to be charged or not.
The density of the electrolyte in a fully charged battery, measured at a temperature of +25°C, depending on the climatic zone, must correspond to the values \u200b\u200bspecified in the table.
The voltage of a fully charged battery must be at least 12.6 volts.
Do not charge the battery unless it is necessary, as this will shorten its life by overcharging the battery.
The principle of battery charging is that the voltage from the charger is connected to the battery, and for the charging current to occur, that is, the start of the battery charging process, the charging voltage must always be more battery voltage.
If the charging voltage is less than the voltage on the battery, then the direction of the current in the circuit will change and the battery will begin to give its energy to the charger, that is, it will be discharged to it.
So, consider the first method of charging the battery.
Charging the battery at a constant charging current.
Charging the battery with a constant value of the charging current is the main universal charging method. You need to know that when using this method, unlike some others, the battery is charged up to 100% of its capacity.
At this method the value of the charging current throughout the charge is maintained unchanged.
This is achieved either by using special chargers with the function of setting the set value of the charging current, or by including a rheostat in the charge circuit, however, in the latter case, it is necessary to change the resistance values of the rheostat to achieve a constant charging current during the charging process.
The point is that during the charging process, the resistance of the battery and the voltage on it change, which leads to a decrease in the charging current. To maintain the charging current at constant level it is necessary to increase the value of the charging voltage using the aforementioned rheostat.
Once again I will say that in modern chargers the value of the charging current can be maintained automatically.
The strength of the charging current is usually chosen equal to 10% of the battery capacity, the one that is indicated on the battery case. In the literature, this capacity is referred to as C20, which is the capacity at a 20-hour discharge mode. Just remember it.
The charging time of the battery depends on the degree of its discharge before the start of the charge. If the battery was completely discharged but not lower than 10 volts, then the approximate charge time will be within 10 hours.
If you are not limited by the charging time, then it is better to charge the battery with a current of 5% of the battery capacity, while the charging process is more efficient and the battery is charged to 100% of its capacity, while charging time increases.
The rechargeable battery is charged until abundant gas evolution, constant voltage and electrolyte density are achieved for 2 hours.
The voltage of the charger connected to the battery usually reaches 16-16.2 volts at the end of the charge.
It should be said that at the end of the battery charge by the method of constant charging current, there is a significant increase in the temperature of the electrolyte in it. Therefore, when the temperature reaches 45 degrees, you should reduce the charging current by 2 times, or even interrupt the charge to reduce the temperature to 30-35 degrees.
So, we take the charger, connect the positive and negative clamps to the battery terminals, set the charging current setting knob to the minimum, that is, to the extreme left position, connect the charger to the network.
Next, we set the charging current equal to 10% of the battery capacity and every 2 hours we control the density of the electrolyte, the voltage on the battery, which will increase during the battery charging process and, if possible, the temperature of the electrolyte, or at least indirectly, touching the battery case with your hand.
If the charger does not have the function of maintaining a constant charging current, then we support it manually by changing the charging voltage and monitoring the charging current every half hour using the charger ammeter, or an ammeter connected in series to the charging circuit.
When the voltage reaches approximately 14 volts, we control the density and voltage every hour.
When observing signs of charge (boiling, constant density and voltage), disconnect the charger from the mains, disconnect the clamps from the battery.
Our battery is charged.
Disadvantages of the charge method:
1. Long battery charge time (when charging with a current of 10% of the capacity, about 10 hours, when charging with a current of 5% of the capacity, about 20 hours, provided that the battery was completely discharged).
2. The need for frequent monitoring of the charging process (charging current, voltage, electrolyte density and temperature).
3. There is a possibility of overcharging the battery.
Charging the battery at a constant charging voltage.
Charging the battery while maintaining a constant voltage value on it is more accelerated and simple method putting the battery into operation.
The essence of this charging method is as follows.
The charger is directly connected to the battery and the charging voltage is kept constant during the entire charge. In this case, the voltage is set within 14.4-15 volts (for a 12-volt battery).
With this charging method, the value of the charging current is set, one might say, automatically, depending on the degree of discharge, electrolyte density, temperature and other factors.
At the beginning of the battery charge, the charging current can reach large values, even 100% of the battery capacity, since the EMF of the batteries has the smallest value, and the difference between this EMF and the charge voltage is the largest. However, in the process of charging, the battery EMF increases, the difference between the battery EMF and the charging voltage decreases, thereby reducing the charging current, which after 2-4 hours can reach about 5-10% of the battery capacity. Again, it all depends on the degree of discharge of the battery.
Such large charge currents are the reason for more quick charge batteries.
At the end of the battery charging process, the charging current decreases to almost zero, so it is believed that when charging by maintaining a constant value of the charging voltage, the battery will only be charged up to 90-95% of its capacity.
Thus, when the value of the charging current is close to zero, the charge can be stopped, the battery can be restored to its original state and installed on the car.
By the way, the battery charge at a constant value of the charging voltage is implemented in the car.
If the voltage on the battery is less than 12.6-12.7 volts (depending on the brand of car), then the relay regulator connects the generator to the battery to recharge it. Moreover, the voltage from the generator corresponds to a value of 13.8-14.4 volts ( standard value, in foreign cars there is a voltage of the generator a little more than the specified value).
1. Connect the charger to the battery,
2. Set the charging voltage within 14.4-15 volts,
3. We control the charging current of the battery
4. We remove the battery from charging when the current value is close to zero.
Disadvantages of the method:
1. The battery is charged not to its full capacity, but on average up to 90-95% of its value.
2. A large overload of the charging voltage source at the beginning of the charge, due to a large charging current (relevant when charging the battery from a car generator).
Upon completion of the battery charge by any of the methods, you must:
1. Make sure that the voltage on it is at least 12.6 volts,
2. Electrolyte density within 1.27 g/cm3
3. Electrolyte level 10-12 mm above the plates
4. Eliminate possible electrolyte leaks and install the battery on the car.
And now the question. In some videos on YouTube and in articles on websites, I came across such advice on connecting the charger to the battery: first we connect the plus, then the minus. So I would like to know your opinion, is this statement correct or does the sequence of connecting the charger wires not matter?
Write your opinions in the comments.
I suggest to look detailed video in which I explain how to charge a battery using two classic charging methods:
It doesn’t matter how the batteries died: did you forget to pay off the dimensions, got too carried away listening to music in the parking lot, or left for the whole summer on vacation. To charge the battery, you need to have an understanding of the theory and follow a few simple rules.
A bit of theory
Most cars use lead acid batteries(WET). Their principle of operation is based on a chemical reaction lead plates with an electrolyte that generates electricity. Over time, sulfation and destruction of the plates inevitably occur, as well as the boiling of the electrolyte, which reduces the capacity of the battery. And the battery can be discharged at the most inopportune moment.
How to check the battery
akbinfo.ruThe easiest way is to use the built-in charge indicator, which is on most batteries. This is the same “light bulb”, which in reality is not a light bulb at all, but a green float ball moving in a transparent bulb. With a sufficient level and density of the electrolyte, the ball rises and we see green indicator. If the float is not visible, you need to check the electrolyte and recharge the battery.
Another option is a multimeter. With it, you can measure the voltage at the terminals and understand whether the battery is discharged or not. A fully charged battery should have 12.6V or more. A voltage of 12.42 V corresponds to 80% charge, 12.2 V - 60%, 11.9 V - 40%, 11.58 V - 20%, 10.5 V - 0%.
by the most in a reliable way is checking load fork. It can show the voltage drop under load, that is, the real charge level and, accordingly, the capacity. Any auto electrician or a store that sells batteries has such a device. And most likely, they will not even take money from you for this check.
toyotaoforlando.com Having determined that the battery is really, you can start charging, but first you need to prepare.
- The battery should be removed from the car. If you don't have time for that, turn it off onboard network, disconnecting negative wire.
- After that, you need to clean the terminals of grease and oxide to good contact.
- It does not hurt to wipe the surface of the battery with a dry cloth, or better - moistened with a 10% solution ammonia or soda ash.
- Also, do not forget to unscrew the plugs on each of the battery cans or remove the cap to ensure the free exit of electrolyte vapors and prevent excess pressure inside.
- If the electrolyte level in any of the jars is insufficient, you need to add distilled water so that it completely covers the plates.
evolution.co.uk The very principle of charging is simple: you just need to connect the wires from the charger to the battery terminals in accordance with the polarity and plug the plug into the outlet. However, to begin with, it is worth deciding on the charging method. There are two main methods: charging direct current and charging constant voltage.
The first is more effective, but takes place in several stages and requires control. The second one is simpler, but it only charges the battery up to 80%.
There is also the so-called combined method, in which participation on the part of the car owner is minimized. The disadvantage of this method is the need for a special charger with a rather high cost.
DC charging
- We set the current to 10% of the nominal capacity of the battery and charge until the voltage at the battery terminals rises to 14.3-14.4 V. For example, a battery with a capacity of 60 Ah should be charged with a current of no more than 6 A.
- Next, we reduce the current by half (up to 3 A) to reduce the intensity of boiling, and continue charging.
- As soon as the voltage rises to 15 V, you need to halve the current again and charge the battery until the voltage and current values stop changing.
Constant voltage charging
Everything is much simpler here. You just need to set the voltage in the range of 14.4-14.5 V and wait. Unlike the first method, with which you can fully charge the battery in a few hours (about 10), charging with a constant voltage lasts about a day and allows you to replenish the battery capacity only up to 80%.
Precautionary measures
Since battery charging is a chemical process that produces an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, you need to be very careful and follow the rules:
- Charge the battery in a well ventilated area.
- Do not use open flames and do not carry out any work that generates sparks.
- If it is not possible to remove the battery from the car, disconnect the negative wire, and preferably both.
On the move vehicle, a generator is used to power the on-board network. However, when the engine stops, the entire load is transferred to another device, referred to as a battery (battery). And in order for such a source of electrical energy to last as long as possible, proper charging of the car battery is necessary.
In this article, we will analyze such points as: correct charging battery, what types of it exist, and we will also touch on, in fact, the charging rules themselves.
A little theory won't hurt
The car battery serves as the main source of energy to start the starter, which in turn “turns on” the engine. It also maintains the on-board network when the generator is not working.
IN summer time launch power unit possible with a 50% charged battery. However, in winter, the battery capacity is half as much due to the fact that the grease thickens, and this leads to an increase in starting currents.
Therefore, such a battery is unlikely to be able to start the engine, except to use the lighting method from another vehicle. For this reason, charging a car battery charger must be done before the cold sets in. But what, in fact, is the reason for the need for proper charging? This will be discussed further.
What is the need for proper battery charging?
A battery with a serviceable car can last 2 or 3 years, which usually ranges from 70 to 100 thousand kilometers. By keeping the battery in a charged state, you can increase its service life. However, it is recommended to charge the battery when it is half discharged or more.
It is worth remembering that the battery itself does not generate electrical energy, but accumulates it and subsequently feeds the car's on-board network. While the vehicle is moving, the charge is restored, and a generator driven into rotation serves as a source for recharging the battery. crankshaft engine.
Too frequent cycles of discharging and charging the car battery negatively affect its technical condition. Not only does the charge level decrease, but the battery is gradually discharged. And over time, this charge is no longer enough to start the engine. Then it becomes necessary to charge the battery, due to which the performance of the power source is restored. For this, a charger is used.
However, before proceeding to get acquainted with all the subtleties, it is worth studying what types of batteries exist, what main characteristics they have, what are the features and operation of chargers. We will also touch on some at least important points and what not to do.
Battery types
The following batteries are currently in production:
- Alkaline.
- Acid.
- Gel.
At the same time, each of them has its own characteristics of charging a car battery. For alkaline devices, it consists in using a nickel-iron or nickel-cadmium tandem, which goes to the production of plates. The cavity of the battery case is filled with caustic potash. But due to the lower current strength, such batteries are practically not used, unlike other analogues.
electrodes acid batteries are made from lead and a number of impurities. This decision has a good reason - this metal can give out more current within a small period of time. In addition, it has excellent energy consumption. The electrolyte is an acid solution. As practice shows, such batteries are popular among a large number vehicle owners.
Gel batteries can be considered a kind of innovation. If, in fact, this is the same acidic version, only the electrolyte here is in a jelly-like state. And in fact, charging a car battery at home of this type is practically no different from the procedure with acid counterparts.
Such know-how automotive industry has much more potential. At the same time, its wide application is limited by a number of factors. And this is mainly due technological features. In addition, not every car enthusiast likes their cost, which is too high for most consumers.
Serviced and non-serviced batteries
In addition, batteries are divided into two types:
- Maintenance-free - these include batteries closed type, and their cases are completely sealed. Because of this, access to internal parts no: unscrewing something or just looking at it will not work. At the same time, if during operation or when charging the car battery at home, you accidentally turn it over, the electrolyte will not leak out of it. As a rule, these are gel batteries.
- Serviceable - as you might have guessed, these are the batteries that have access to the contents of the cans. To do this, each of them has a screw cap. Acid batteries fall into this category.
Since the very first battery appeared, more than a century has passed (about 140 years), and in our modern world it is impossible to imagine how to do without such power supplies. Indeed, in addition to cars, this type of battery feeds the most different devices: from phones and gadgets to complex systems in various fields of human activity, including space.
Something about the charger
What is the car battery charge? When we face the need to purchase a charger for mobile phone, we usually do not have such a question. It would seem that it is the same with automotive analogues, and the problem of choice as such simply does not exist. However, this was true 2 decades ago. Then the chargers differed from each other except for the brand and case.
Now everything is different, and the differences modern devices more pronounced. And the first thing I want to note is the way to charge the car battery. According to this feature, batteries can be:
- With manual adjustment.
- Automatic.
Despite the fact that manual chargers are already a classic, many car enthusiasts still prefer them. In this case, it is always possible to control the entire process and, if necessary, intervene by adjusting the current based on the state of the battery. But, in addition to charging the car battery with a charger, it is possible to perform recovery from sulfation.
About automatic chargers, and so everything should be clear. Restoration of the battery capacity occurs without human intervention. The simplest and, accordingly, inexpensive chargers are even devoid of measuring instruments, and the end of the procedure is signaled by an LED. For those car owners who prefer to rarely look under the hood, this The best decision. But here it is worth understanding that when working in accordance with a given algorithm, the state of the battery is not taken into account. In addition, the cost of such devices may not be affordable for everyone.
Also, chargers can be divided depending on the design:
- Transformer - made on the basis of the usual voltage transformer with a minimum number of active elements. This made it possible to achieve high reliability and increase in size.
- Pulse - due to alternating current charging the car battery with high frequency it became possible to significantly reduce the dimensions of the devices. On the one hand, this is an undoubted advantage, but on the other hand, the high cost and complexity of the entire structure.
The simplest charger consists of a step-down transformer and diode bridge. It is not difficult to understand the principle of operation: the primary winding takes on an alternating voltage of 220 V, after which it is reduced (converted) and sent to the diode bridge.
At the output, we get the necessary 14-16 Volts, which is enough to charge the battery.
Elementary but important rules
In order for the car battery charging to be successful, you must always remember the important points:
- In order to determine the level of charging current, you can be guided by the capacity of the battery. As a rule, 10% of the nominal battery parameter is enough. For example, if the battery capacity is 55 Ah, then 5.5 Amperes is charging the car battery.
- It takes a certain amount of time to fully charge the battery. However, you should not resort to fast options using a current rating of 20-30 Amperes. Ultimately, this only leads to the destruction of the battery.
- For gel batteries the limit is 14.2 volts, it is highly recommended not to exceed it.
- Before connecting the charger, it must be disconnected.
- When connecting, observe the polarity (plus to plus, minus to minus), otherwise both devices (battery and charger) may fail.
It is also necessary to ensure that the voltage at the charger terminals exceeds the battery rating by 10%. For a better understanding, let's give an example: if the battery output has a voltage of 12.8 Volts, then it must be maintained within 14.08 V, which is these 10% (12.8 + 1.28).
Knowing these elementary rules, you can avoid many mistakes when charging a car battery at home. You should also not forget about safety precautions, because this event is a chemical process during which an explosive mixture of gases (hydrogen and oxygen) is released. In this regard, you need to be careful.
Battery check
Before proceeding to charge the battery, you need to make sure that it is completely discharged. There are several ways to do this. Most batteries have special indicator, which is essentially a hydrometer. It independently measures the density of the electrolyte and, depending on this, one or another ball pops up. We see it, mistakenly taking it for a light bulb. And when everything is normal, a green "light" is visible, otherwise it will be red.
Another way to test the battery before charging your car battery is to use a multimeter. A fully charged battery has a terminal voltage of 12.6 volts or more. Other values match:
- 12,5 – 90%;
- 12,42 – 80%;
- 12,32 – 70%.
- 12,2 – 60%;
- 12,06 – 50%.
- 11,9 – 40%;
- 11,75 – 30%.
- 11,58 – 20%;
- 11,31 – 10%.
- 10,5 – 0%.
But a more reliable method is a load plug, which will show the voltage drop under load. In other words, you can see the real indicator of the battery charge level.
This device can be found in every auto electrician, or in any store that sells batteries. Most likely, such a check can be done for thanks, nothing more.
From theory to practice or preparing the battery for charging
After the complete discharge of the battery has been determined, it is worth going directly to practice. But before that, you need a little preparatory stage. The first step is to remove the battery from the car, but if there is not much time to charge the car battery, then you should disconnect it from the on-board network.
At the same time, you can diagnose it, examining its condition well, simultaneously cleaning it from dust and other contaminants. In this case, it is worth paying attention to whether there are cracks and electrolyte leakage. If there are any, further operation of such a battery is highly discouraged.
If everything is normal, it is worth cleaning the terminals to ensure good contact. You can also wipe the battery case with a cloth soaked in a solution of ammonia (10%) or soda ash. After that, you need to unscrew the plugs or remove the plugs. Electrolyte vapors will freely escape to the outside, which will avoid excessive pressure.
Correct car battery charging
There is nothing complicated in the procedure for charging the battery, but not everyone knows how to do it in the right way. It is advisable to carry it out in a room with good ventilation away from open flames.
In this case, you can go two ways:
- DC voltage (14-16 Volts) with alternating current. At first, its value is 25-30 amperes, but then gradually decreases as the battery is charged.
- The voltage changes, but the current stays the same. Only this approach is rather complicated, because accuracy is important here.
The first method is very easy to implement and all that is needed is to set the required current value, which is 10% of the battery capacity. Usually, given parameter indicated in the passport or on the plate on the case. As the battery charges, the current will decrease. On average, the time it takes to fully charge a car's battery is 10 to 13 hours.
The second method is already more complicated, and it is necessary to clearly understand how everything is done. The first step is to set the current value (10% of the battery capacity). It should be followed until the voltage reaches 14 volts. When this is achieved, the current should be halved until it is already 15 volts. And as soon as this voltage is established, the current must be reduced three times. ABOUT fully charged battery will indicate a constant voltage level on the indicator.
Upon completion of the procedure, it is advisable to check the battery with a load plug. In its absence, you can verify that the battery is working by installing it in place and connecting it to the on-board network. Success will be starting the engine.
Maintenance and Care Issues
For the battery to last for a long time, it is not only necessary to properly charge it, careful care of it is also important. And for this you need regular maintenance. The first step is to clarify one proven fact: in the summer, the liquid from the cans evaporates more intensively. And if the battery case is translucent, then a drop in the electrolyte level below the normal range will be clearly visible. Of course, if the driver is interested not only in what the charging voltage of the car battery should be, but also at least occasionally looks under the hood.
As a rule, there are special marks on the car battery: “MIN” and “MAX”, which allow you to control the amount of liquid. However, there are batteries where they are not, or for some reason it is impossible to visually determine the electrolyte level. Then you should use the simple method:
- Unscrew the corks from each jar and lower the glass tube into each of them in turn. Its length must be at least 10 cm.
- After the tube rests against the net, it is worth pinching its end with your finger and pulling it out.
- Measure the resulting distance. Normally, it should be from 10 to 15 mm. If it is less, then you need to add distilled water to the desired level.
In addition, the density of the electrolyte should be measured, for which a hydrometer is used. This device looks like a large pipette with divisions. Inside is a float that can move freely. A rubber pear is fixed at one of its ends.
To measure the density of the electrolyte, you first need to squeeze the pear - all the air will be removed from it. The other end is immersed in a jar of liquid, after which the pear can be released slowly. The float will begin to float, and the division at which it will stop will be the value of the desired density. In addition to this, there are other hydrometer designs.
Now, as regards directly the values of the density of the electrolyte. It is different for every climate zone. In summer, for the central regions, the optimal density value should be in the range of 1.27-1.19 g/cm3. For the southern and northern - 1.25-1.17 g / cm3 and 1.2-1.21 g / cm3, respectively. Lower density values indicate the need to charge the car's battery with a charger. If they are higher, then you need to add distilled water.
battery, ) it is necessary to use (charger), which will lower the mains voltage of 220 V to the required threshold value. Simultaneously with work in the transformer mode, i.e. with a voltage drop, the charger also works as a rectifier. During the entire time of its operation, depending on the level of charge, the charger must regulate the voltage through the current strength. There are only three ways to charge the battery. Further they will be considered.
Regardless of the charging method, it is necessary to control the temperature of the electrolyte from time to time - it should not rise above 45 ° C.
Method #1 (DC method)
During the entire time of charging the battery, the current value remains unchanged. The current used to charge the battery should not exceed 0.12 times the nominal battery capacity. For example, if a battery has a nominal capacity of 70 Ah, then best current for charging will be 7 A. The charger must include a regulator that will allow it to maintain a constant current value while charging the battery.
Signs of a full charge:
- the electrolyte maintains a constant density for 3 hours;
- the charge current and voltage do not change for at least 1 hour.
Due to the constancy of the current, the constancy of the voltage is also maintained. This is the most fast way charging .
Negative side this method - the rapid aging of the battery, i.e. decrease in its capacity. Certain inconveniences are caused by the need to constantly monitor the magnitude of the charging current. Upon completion of charging, an abundant release of gaseous products occurs - this is also an undesirable phenomenon. To eliminate gas formation, the current strength must be reduced in steps, while simultaneously increasing the charging voltage. For example, in a battery from a number of new developments (without holes for adding water) and with a capacity of 60 Ah, a current of 1.5 A can be set at a voltage value of 15 V. In older versions, with topping up water, with the same capacity , the current should be set to 3 A for a voltage level of 14.4 V.
Method number 2 (constant voltage method)
Most commonly used when charging sealed, maintenance-free lead batteries, in which it is not possible to control the density of the electrolyte. As the battery charges, its internal resistance increases and the charging current decreases. The initial value of the charging current depends on the following parameters:
- voltage at the output of the power source;
- the number of series-connected batteries and their charge level;
- electrolyte temperature.
The value of the charging current for sealed maintenance-free lead batteries is allowed up to 0.15 of the numerical value of the nominal battery capacity. Such batteries, at a constant voltage, being completely discharged, are charged quite quickly: within 14 - 16 hours. For comparison: a conventional lead-antimony battery will charge for at least 24 hours.
At a constant voltage, the batteries are charged in automatic mode, human participation is not required.
Method number 3 (combined method)
This method is the most optimal, but at the same time difficult in terms of practical implementation. It combines the two previous methods. At the beginning, the battery is charged at constant current, and at the end - at constant voltage. most stable and reliable batteries work in this way. At the same time, they are 100% automated, i.е. human participation in the charging process is not required. Many of these batteries even shut themselves off when fully charged.
The battery must be charged from a DC source whose output voltage must be higher than the maximum battery charging voltage. The connection is carried out with the power supply disconnected from the mains, while observing the polarity. There are several ways: charge the battery with direct current, constant voltage, modified and pulsed.
Charging the battery with direct current somewhat more complicated than a constant voltage charge. The difficulty lies in maintaining a constant charge current. The easiest way to maintain a constant current strength is to turn on a variable rheostat in series with the battery being charged, but in this case constant monitoring and manual adjustment of the current strength is necessary. Another way is to connect a current regulator to the charge circuit, most often assembled on thyristors, which maintain a constant average current. The strength of the charging current is determined depending on the capacity of the battery and should be equal to 0.1 of the capacity measured in Ampere / hour for a ten-hour charge mode and 0.05 for a twenty-hour charge mode. Depending on the capacity of the charger that charges the battery at constant force current, several batteries can be connected to it. The number of batteries can be calculated using the formula:
Mr. = In / Iz
Where Mr is the number of battery groups
Iz - battery charge current
In - rated current issued by the charger, which is equal to: In \u003d Рн / Ui.t.
Where Rn is the rated power of the charger
Ui.t. - the voltage of the network to which the charger is connected. Way DC charge allows you to charge the battery by 100%, which has a good effect on the service life and operational properties batteries. Some difficulty is maintaining a constant current. The main disadvantage of charging a battery with direct current is a long charge time, significant gas evolution, especially in the final charge period, constant control of the charging current, increased consumption electricity, the ability to recharge the battery. To reduce the negative factors of the charge, a stepped charge is used. For this, a control charge is used, which consists of two stages with different levels of charging current. In the first stage, the battery is charged with a current equal to 0.1 from capacity to a voltage of 14.4 V for a twelve-volt battery and 7.2 V for a six-volt battery. At the second stage, the current strength is reduced to 0.05 of the battery capacity. For example, if we take a 60 A / h battery, then the first charge stage should be carried out with a current equal to 60 * 0.1 \u003d 6A, and the second 60 * 0.05 \u003d 3A.
The charging time depends on the degree of discharge of the battery and should continue until the increase in electrolyte density stops. If there is no oriometer at hand, then the charge time is approximately 10 - 12 hours.
admin 29/07/2011"If you notice a mistake in the text, please highlight this place with the mouse and press CTRL + ENTER" "If the article was useful to you, share a link to it in social networks"
