All batteries have an expiration date, with numerous charge-discharge cycles and many hours worked, the battery loses its capacity and holds a charge less and less.
Over time, the capacity of the battery drops so much that its further operation becomes impossible.
Probably many have already accumulated batteries from uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), alarm systems and emergency lighting.
Many household and office appliances contain lead- acid batteries, and regardless of the battery brand and production technology, whether it is a regular serviced car battery, AGM, gel (GEL) or a small flashlight battery, they all have lead plates and acid electrolyte.
At the end of operation, such batteries cannot be thrown away because they contain lead, basically they are waiting for the fate of recycling where lead is extracted and processed.
But still, despite the fact that such batteries are mostly "maintenance free", you can try to restore them by returning them to their previous capacity and use them for some more time.
In this article, I will talk about how restore 12v battery from UPSa on 7ah, but the method is suitable for any acid battery. But I want to warn that these measures should not be carried out on a fully working battery, since on good battery capacity recovery can only be achieved the right way charging.
So let's take a battery this case old and discharged, pry off the plastic cover with a screwdriver. Most likely it is point glued to the body.
Lifting the lid, we see six rubber caps, their task is not to maintain the battery, but to bleed the gases formed during charging and operation, but we will use them for our purposes.
We remove the caps and in each hole, using a syringe, pour 3 ml of distilled water, it should be noted that other water is not suitable for this. And distilled water can be easily found in a pharmacy or at a car market, in the most extreme case, melt water from snow or pure rain water may come up.
After we have added water, we put the battery on charge and we will charge it using a laboratory (regulated) power supply.
We select the voltage until some values \u200b\u200bappear charging current. If the battery is in poor condition, then the charging current may not be observed, at first, at all.
The voltage must be increased until the charging current appears at least 10-20mA. Having achieved such values of the charging current, you need to be careful, since the current will increase over time and you will have to constantly reduce the voltage.
When the current reaches 100mA, there is no need to reduce the voltage further. And when the charge current reaches 200mA, you need to disconnect the battery for 12 hours.
Then we reconnect the battery for charging, the voltage should be such that the charging current for our 7ah battery is 600mA. Also, constantly observing, we maintain the specified current for 4 hours. But we make sure that the charging voltage, for a 12-volt battery, is no more than 15-16 volts.
After charging, after about an hour, the battery needs to be discharged to 11 volts, this can be done using any 12-volt light bulb (for example, 15 watts).
After discharging, the battery must be charged again with a current of 600mA. It is best to do this procedure several times, that is, several charge-discharge cycles.
Most likely, it will not be possible to return the nominal one, since the sulfation of the plates has already reduced its resource, and besides, there are other harmful processes. But the battery can continue to be used in normal mode and the capacity for this will be enough.
About rapid wear batteries in uninterruptibles, it was noticed the following reasons. Being in the same case with an uninterruptible power supply, the battery is constantly subject to passive heating from active elements (power transistors), which by the way heat up to 60-70 degrees! Constant heating of the battery leads to rapid evaporation of the electrolyte.
In cheap, and sometimes even some expensive models UPSs do not have thermal charge compensation, that is, the charge voltage is set to 13.8 volts, but this is acceptable for 10-15 degrees, and for 25 degrees, and sometimes much more in the case, the charge voltage should be a maximum of 13.2-13.5 volts !
It's a good idea to move the battery out of the case if you want to extend its life.
It also affects the "constant small under charge" by an uninterruptible power supply, 13.5 volts and a current of 300mA. Such recharging leads to the fact that when the active spongy mass inside the battery ends, a reaction begins in its electrodes, which leads to the fact that the lead of the down conductors on (+) becomes brown (PbO2) and on (-) it becomes "spongy".
Thus, with a constant charge, we get the destruction of current leads and the "boiling" of the electrolyte with the release of hydrogen and oxygen, which leads to an increase in the concentration of the electrolyte, which again contributes to the destruction of the electrodes. It turns out such a closed process that leads to a rapid consumption of battery life.
In addition, such a charge (recharge) with a high voltage and current from which the electrolyte "boils" - converts the lead of the current leads into powdered lead oxide, which crumbles over time and can even close the plates.
With active use (frequent charging), it is recommended to add distilled water to the battery once a year.
Top up only on a fully charged battery with control of both electrolyte level and voltage. In some case, do not overfill, it's better not to pour it because you can’t take it back, because by sucking out the electrolyte, you deprive the battery of sulfuric acid and, as a result, the concentration changes. I think it is clear that sulfuric acid is non-volatile, therefore, in the process of "boiling" during charging, it all remains inside the battery - only hydrogen and oxygen come out.
We connect to the terminals digital voltmeter and with a 5 ml syringe with a needle, pour 2-3 ml of distilled water into each jar, at the same time shining a flashlight inside to stop if the water is no longer absorbed - after pouring 2-3 ml, look into the jar - you will see how the water is quickly absorbed, and the voltage on the voltmeter drops (on fractions of a volt). We repeat topping up for each jar with pauses for soaking for 10-20 seconds (approximately) until you see that the "glass mats" are already wet - that is, the water is no longer absorbed.
After topping up, we inspect whether there is an overflow in each battery bank, wipe the entire case, put the rubber caps in place and glue the lid in place.
Since the battery shows about 50-70% charge after topping up, you need to charge it. But charging must be carried out either with an adjustable power supply or with an uninterruptible power supply or a standard device, but under supervision, that is, during charging it is necessary to observe the condition of the battery (you need to see the top of the battery). In the case of an uninterruptible power supply, for this you will have to make extension cords and bring the battery out of the UPSa case.
Place napkins or plastic bags under the battery, charge up to 100% and see if electrolyte does not leak from any can. If suddenly this happened, stop charging and remove smudges with a napkin. Using a napkin soaked in a soda solution, we clean the case, all the cavities and terminals where the electrolyte has got in order to neutralize the acid.
We find the jar where the "boiling" came from and see if electrolyte is visible in the window, we suck off the excess with a syringe, and then carefully and smoothly fill this electrolyte back into the fiber. It often happens that the electrolyte after topping up is not evenly absorbed and boils up.
When recharging, we observe the battery as described above, and if the "problem" battery bank starts to "poured out" again during charging, excess electrolyte will have to be removed from the bank.
Also, under inspection, at least 2-3 full discharge-charge cycles should be done, if everything went well and there are no smudges, the battery does not heat up (light heating does not count when charging), then the battery can be assembled into a case.
Well, now let's take a closer look cardinal methods of resuscitation of lead-acid batteries
All electrolyte is drained from the battery, and the insides are washed first a couple of times hot water, and then with a hot solution of soda (3 tsp of soda per 100 ml of water), leaving the solution in the battery for 20 minutes. The process can be repeated several times, and finally thoroughly rinsed from the remnants of the soda solution - pour new electrolyte.
Then the battery is charged for a day, and after, for 10 days, for 6 hours a day.
For car batteries with a current of up to 10 amperes and a voltage of 14-16 volts.
The second way is reverse charge, for this procedure you will need a powerful voltage source, for car batteries, for example, a welding machine, the recommended current is 80 amperes with a voltage of 20 volts.
They do a polarity reversal, that is, plus to minus and minus to plus, and for half an hour they “boil” the battery with its native electrolyte, after which the electrolyte is drained and the battery is washed with hot water.
Then a new electrolyte is poured in and, observing the new polarity, they are charged with a current of 10-15 amperes for a day.
But the most effective method done with chem. substances.
From a fully charged battery, the electrolyte is drained and, after repeated washing with water, an ammonia solution of Trilon B (ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACENETIC Sodium) containing 2 weight percent Trilon B and 5 percent ammonia is poured. There is a process of desulfation for 40 - 60 minutes, during which gas is released with small splashes. By the cessation of such gas formation, one can judge the completion of the process. In case of particularly strong sulfation, the ammonia solution of Trilon B should be refilled, removing the spent one before that.
At the end of the procedure, the inside of the battery is thoroughly washed several times with distilled water and a new electrolyte of the desired density is poured. The battery is charged in the standard way to the nominal capacity.
Regarding the ammonia solution of Trilon B, it can be found in chemical laboratories and stored in sealed containers in a dark place.
In general, if you are interested, the composition of the electrolyte produced by Lighting, Electrol, Blitz, akkumulad, Phonix, Toniolyt and some others is water solution sulfuric acid (350-450g per liter) with the addition of sulfate salts of magnesium, aluminum, sodium, ammonium. Gruconnin's electrolyte also contains potassium alum and copper sulphate.
After recovery, the battery can be charged normally of this type way (for example, in UPSe) and not allow a discharge below 11 volts.
Many uninterruptible power supplies have a "battery calibration" function with which you can carry out discharge-charge cycles. By connecting a load of 50% of the UPS maximum at the output of the uninterruptible power supply, we launch this function and the uninterruptible power supply discharges the battery to 25% and then charges up to 100%
Well, in a very primitive example, charging such a battery looks like this:
A stabilized voltage of 14.5 volts is supplied to the battery through a wire variable resistor high power or through a current stabilizer.
The charge current is calculated using a simple formula: divide the battery capacity by 10, for example, for a 7ah battery it will be - 700mA. And on the current stabilizer or using a variable wire resistor, you must set the current to 700mA. Well, in the process of charging, the current will begin to fall and it will be necessary to reduce the resistance of the resistor, over time, the resistor knob will come all the way to its initial position and the resistance of the resistor will be zero. The current will further gradually decrease to zero until the voltage on the battery becomes constant - 14.5 volts. The battery is charged.
For more information on the "correct" charging of batteries, see
light crystals on the plates - this is sulfation
A separate "bank" of the battery was subjected to constant undercharging and, as a result, was covered with sulfates, its internal resistance grew with each deep cycle, so that, during the charge, it began to "boil" before anyone else, due to loss of capacity and removal of electrolyte into insoluble sulfates.
The plus plates and their grids turned into powder in consistency, as a result of constant recharging by an uninterruptible power supply in the "stand-by" mode.
Lead-acid batteries other than automobiles, motorcycles and miscellaneous household appliances, where only they are not found in flashlights and watches, and even in the smallest electronics. And if you fell into the hands of such a "non-working" lead acid battery unmarked and you do not know what voltage it should give out in working condition. This can be easily recognized by the number of cans in the battery. Look for protective cover on the battery case and remove it. You will see gas bleed caps. by their number it will become clear how many "cans" this battery.
1 bank - 2 volts (fully charged - 2.17 volts), that is, if cap 2 means a 4 volt battery.
A fully discharged battery bank must be at least 1.8 volts, you can’t discharge it below!
Well, in the end I will give a little idea, for those who do not have enough money to buy new batteries. Find companies in your city that deal with computer equipment and UPSs (uninterruptibles for boilers, batteries for alarm systems), agree with them so that they do not throw away old batteries from uninterruptibles, but give them to you, possibly at a symbolic price.
Practice shows that half of AGM (gel) batteries can be restored if not up to 100% then up to 80-90% for sure! And this is a couple more years of excellent battery life in your device.
Greetings to all! With this article, we begin to collect for you the most useful and necessary information, which will help you use Android smartphones with pleasure, while not losing the performance and functionality of the device itself.
With the advent of the Internet age, the most burning topic is the Rapid Discharge of the Battery. Yes, this is not strange, because now only the lazy does not use applications that constantly receive information and updates from the Internet. Even if you don't want it, then given function is enabled by default in the Android operating system and everything passes without your knowledge. We, as users, can only observe how quickly our phone is being discharged.
For example! A Samsung phone on the Bada operating system holds a charge for 4-5 days, and there is nothing to be surprised about, there are really no applications for this OS, and searching for something on the Internet using a standard browser leaves much to be desired, it is due to these factors that the battery charge is kept . The second example is the Samsung Galaxy S4, which already has a third battery on board and holds a catastrophically low charge.
Using the S4 as an example, we will look at the problem and the solution that will help us restore the health of our battery and extend its life. The smartphone came to me with two batteries, of course Samsung, but from other manufacturers. The first battery has worked for more than a year and after a full charge, it discharges in a few hours, when you turn on Wi-Fi, if you turn off the Internet completely, you can stretch the pleasure on this battery up to 5-6 hours of operation.
The second battery is new, but the problem with it is slightly different, when charging the battery, when the threshold of 88-90% of the charge level is reached, the phone turns off, an empty battery appears on the screen, then a full one and so on in a circle, while the battery is no longer taken. In operation, this battery also does not differ, with Wi-Fi turned on, the charge is enough for a maximum of 6 hours of inactive use, while discharging occurs spontaneously and the device can turn off at any inopportune moment.
To test battery recovery, I chose two applications on Google Play, applications were free, this was the first criterion, the second was the rating and the number of downloads. When choosing applications, I do not take reviews as the main factor, since the huge competition in the application market forces many developers to promote their projects, frankly, not very honestly. And there are a huge number of people who want to write a review, good or bad for a penny, in the post-Soviet space, so the reviews serve no more than to get acquainted with the application, and in some cases to clarify, because it is sometimes very difficult to filter spam reviews.
Android battery recovery
The Repair Battery Life PRO application was selected for testing and restoring batteries. With over a million installs and nearly 300,000 ratings, with a rating of almost 5 stars, there was no doubt about its usefulness.
First of all, I reset the smartphone to factory settings, because it was not completely known what process could drain the battery so much. After the reset, charge the battery to the maximum and turn on the phone. Updates of the Android OS and other applications from Google immediately come, you should not interfere with this, because the developers improve and facilitate applications, which has a good effect on the safety of the charge.
Now go to Google Play and download and install the Repair Battery Life PRO application itself.
The program interface is Russified and quite simple, does not require any special knowledge from us.
We launch the application, we are greeted with a message that we need to check the battery, click OK, and then the big green START button.
The first battery that worked for more than a year showed average results in the test. Basically, the cells were defined as having a weak charge. After that, Repair Battery offered to fix this issue, which would extend the battery life by 28%. I agreed without hesitation. The fix took a matter of minutes.
The second one new battery Samsung showed 100% serviceability, but let me remind you that the battery held a catastrophically low charge and at the same time the charge could disappear at any minute, which caused the smartphone to suddenly turn off.
For those who still rests that this is all nonsense and what cells are in the battery, I will explain a little. Batteries for smartphones, tablets and laptops are very different from car and conventional batteries. And the main difference is the presence of a built-in chip that controls the charge of each of the numerous cells with the help of software stuffing, and subsequently their discharge. It is he who gives accurate percentage data on the state of charge of the battery. And the Repair Battery application does not repair your battery in the literal sense of parsing, replacing acid and other things, but only fixes the software part of the battery chip.
Battery calibration
The second stage of recovery is the correct calibration of the battery, which affects the correct reading of information about the battery charge. In cases of a failed calibration, the battery can be discharged to 80% for a long time, and then go to zero in a matter of minutes or hours.
Repair related was selected for battery calibration battery app– Advanced Battery Calibrator. Which can be downloaded both from the Repair Battery application and from Google Play - Advanced Battery Calibrator. The task of this application is to read the data on the battery level as accurately as possible and correct the problems that are associated with it.
The application is not Russified, but very simple, to launch it is enough to press one big button.
Then the application automatic mode determines the smartphone model, selects affordable way calibration and corrects it.
Many may be outraged why such an application if you can do everything yourself through opening Root access. I will explain that all the changes that you make with Root have very serious consequences that can turn your smartphone into a piece of scrap metal, so I highly recommend if you do not have the knowledge of how to work operating system Android, under no circumstances, do not make changes using Root rights. These actions can greatly affect the device's performance, OS security and performance. Be very careful when working with Root rights !!!
So, we will draw conclusions for each of the batteries after the launch and corrections of these two applications.
The old battery with Wi-Fi turned on began to hold a charge for about a day. Which is significantly higher than the indicators that he gave out before testing and corrections.
The new battery began to hold a charge with Wi-Fi turned on and running online applications an average of two days or more. The main fix, I think, is that the battery after running these applications began to charge up to 100%, the shutdown disappeared at the threshold of 88 - 90%, the sudden shutdowns of the smartphone disappeared. The only thing that is still not quite clearly displayed is the percentage of the charge level, so almost the entire working period is discharged to 40-50%, and the rest goes away in a matter of hours, but this bug disappears for many after some time. By the way, such a bug is very often noticed on new phones, so it probably still depends on the degree of development of the battery, since it is still new, then the indicators before running in are not entirely accurate.
Each part or assembly in the car is responsible for a certain type of work. The main purpose of the battery is to run power unit as well as food onboard network car at idle engine. Like other systems and devices in vehicle The battery has a limited lifespan. In case of malfunctions in electrical system on a car or when the engine is difficult to start, the battery may lose its quality. However, you should not rush to the store to buy a new battery for the car. Knowing how to restore a car battery, you can reanimate the battery and significantly extend its life.
Many problems in the operation of the battery appear after improper maintenance or lack of care on the part of the car owner. Therefore, drivers should follow the recommendations of battery manufacturers, keep the device clean, and also perform periodic charging with a stationary device. In addition, the motorist must be aware of design features and the principle of operation of the power source.
Battery device and principle of operation
Since the invention of the battery, this device has been repeatedly modified and improved. All of them pursued the main goal - to increase the performance and durability of the battery. Today, many manufacturers use special materials that improve battery properties. But simple car enthusiast enough to know general ideas about the device and the principle of operation of the battery.
Externally, a car battery is a plastic closed container in which a set of negative and positive plates made of lead or alloys based on nickel, cadmium, etc. is hidden. Sulfuric acid is poured inside the battery, due to which a galvanic couple is formed. When current is applied to the battery terminals, electricity is stored. Having reached a certain capacity limit, the battery can itself become a source of current with a voltage of 12 V. Each time, including the car starter, the battery is discharged. But once the engine is running, serviceable generator must replenish the electricity supply. However, such an idyll is not always observed in the car. Therefore, the battery weakens after each start of the engine, and soon it does not have enough strength to rotate the starter. Repair of the car battery is carried out only after a thorough diagnosis by identifying the cause of the discharge.
Common battery problems
There are several common faults car battery. In some cases, the battery cannot be repaired, and sometimes the current source can be restored.
- One of the most common causes of battery failure is plate sulphation. The symptoms of this "disease" look like this. The battery capacity drops rapidly, the power of the device is not enough to rotate the starter. In addition, overheating of the plates, boiling of the electrolyte and an increase in the voltage at the terminals are observed.
- common cause malfunctioning battery is a violation of the integrity and shedding of carbon plates. This problem is easily identified by the dark color of sulfuric acid. It is not always possible to restore such a battery.
- The next battery malfunction appears when adjacent lead plates located in the same section are closed. Such a problem is revealed quite simply. The electrolyte in this bank boils away, and the section itself becomes very hot. To restore the battery, it is necessary to open the battery and replace the damaged plates.
- Incorrect operation of the battery, as well as errors in its storage, cause the electrolyte to freeze in frosty weather. As a result, not only lead plates are damaged, but also the battery case. With such breakdowns, the battery cannot be repaired.
Battery resuscitation methods
When the causes of the malfunctioning of the current source in the machine are clarified, it remains only to eliminate them. Get started with the simplest steps.
- First of all, after removing the terminals from the battery, you need to do visual inspection device. If the lead electrodes are covered with a layer of white, blue or green powder, it is necessary to clean the contacts of the car battery with your own hands from these oxides. To do this, the loose mass is removed with a rag, and the conclusions themselves are cleaned with fine-grained sandpaper. Exactly bad contact can cause the starter to turn slowly.
- The next step is to charge the battery, followed by discharging. Some modern pulse stationary devices are capable of simultaneously charging and discharging the battery, ridding the plates of sulfation at the initial stage. If the charger is an old model, then in this case the car battery is put on recharging for at least 10 hours at a current strength 10 times less than the battery capacity. For example, for a battery with a capacity of 75 A / h, a current of 7.5 A is set. After the process is completed, the battery must be completely discharged. To do this, a car light bulb is connected to it. As soon as it goes out, the battery is put back on charge. As a result of such successive cycles, it is possible to reanimate the car battery.
- For liquidation short circuit in the battery, you can use a special desulfating additive. It is added to the electrolyte with a density of 1.28 g/cu. see and leave for 2 days for complete dissolution. Then the electrolyte with the additive is poured into the battery, after which the density is measured again. If this indicator remains within 1.28, then it is necessary to charge and discharge the battery several times. If the electrolyte does not boil during charging, and the battery does not heat up, then the current can be halved. After 2 hours, it is necessary to measure the density of the electrolyte, and if it remains at the nominal level, charging stops. The battery has been successfully restored. When changing the density, water should be added to the electrolyte (if more than 1.28) or sulfuric acid (if less than 1.28). After adjusting the density, the battery is charged again.
- Such a long resuscitation may not be suitable for some motorists. Question: how to restore a car battery at an accelerated pace? To do this, the battery is fully charged, after which the electrolyte is drained. The battery is washed with distilled water and then filled with a solution consisting of 2% Trilon B and 5% ammonia. After 1 hour, the solution is drained, sometimes you have to repeat the cleaning procedure. Again, the battery is washed with distilled water, fresh electrolyte is poured in and a full charge is performed.
Many car battery problems are easier to prevent than to fix. It is enough to monitor the cleanliness of the terminals and terminals, as well as once every 6 months to fully charge the battery using a stationary device, and the battery will thank its owner good work. And if the starter and engine are easy to rotate and start, then the battery life can be extended to 5-7 years.
One of the most serious problems telephone batteries is their gradual depletion, that is, a decrease in the working resource and a complete loss of efficiency. Even with light loads, the batteries are discharged very quickly. Thus, the period of active operation is on average 2-3 years. Sometimes, due to circumstances, it is not possible to purchase a new battery, and many gadget owners face the question of how to restore the phone's battery.
Existing methods allow you to extend battery life for a short time. However, such operations can only be performed by technically trained users who have skills in working with a soldering iron and certain knowledge of radio electronics and electrical engineering.
Internal processes in the battery during operation
The phone battery is the main element of the device, without which it is impossible to normal work. Thanks to the battery, phones have become mobile, functioning regardless of external sources nutrition.
Smartphones experience a special load during daily access to the network, watching videos, playing games, listening to music and other activities that require increased consumption electricity. Therefore, the devices have to be charged every day, and sometimes several times during the day. This mode of operation significantly reduces battery life, and losses rated capacity make up 15-20% annually.
Before using one of the proposed methods and deciding whether it is possible to use a mobile phone battery, it should be taken into account that all methods give a certain positive result, but for a very short time.
When the battery runs out of time, it must be replaced. Full recovery will require a so-called repacking, during which the old battery can is replaced. The cost of such repairs is comparable to the purchase new battery, therefore, this operation is advisable only when restoring the battery of an old phone, which is no longer on sale. Thus, the most relevant and cost-effective are ways to extend battery life for a short period.
What to do if the battery is swollen
When a battery is used for a long time, gases build up inside the battery. This leads to swelling of the battery and a drop in charge. To solve this problem, you will need a soldering iron, a thin needle, epoxy resin and a suitable object with which the swelling will be leveled.
- The battery case is neatly separated from the upper block sensor.
- Next, the sensor itself is disconnected, under which there is a cap with control electronics.
- The cap is carefully pierced with a thin needle without damaging the inner filling. Otherwise, battery recovery will not be possible.
- Then you need to find a flat object with dimensions greater than the surface area of the battery. The battery of the smartphone is placed on the table and pressed against this impromptu press. In this case, it is important to calculate the effort, since excess pressure will simply ruin the battery, and insufficient pressure will not give the desired result. When performing this operation, do not use a vice and other similar devices.
- At the end of the procedure, it remains to drip epoxy resin onto the phone's battery hole and solder the sensor in place.
Push Recovery
This method is considered the most appropriate if lithium battery been out of work for a long time. It is typically used for older models from which you want to retrieve stored information. Recovery after deep discharge will allow not only to turn on the phone, but also to use it for a certain period.
For the operation, you will need the following tools and materials:
- Power supply (charger) from a tablet, router or other phone, providing output voltage 6-12 V.
- Trimmer with a minimum power of 0.5 W.
- Multimeter for measuring voltage and current, clamps, soldering iron.
- From the materials you will need copper wires and electrical tape.
Recovery process
- Plus and minus are output from the power supply connector using copper wires. After stripping the braid, the positive wire is inserted into the connector, and the negative wire is attached outside. The entire connection point is fixed with electrical tape.
- The free ends of the wires are connected to the battery terminals of the phone. For this purpose, the battery is disassembled, and the connection itself is made to the positive and negative contacts of the can, located after the controller. Suitable clamps are used for connection or wires are simply soldered to the contacts. The trimming resistor is installed in the gap of the positive conductor.
- The initial current is set within 50 mA. Finally, it is regulated by a tuning resistor or a resistance is selected with a certain value, which is calculated according to Ohm's law.
At the end of the assembly, the power supply must be connected to the network through an outlet. An output voltage is formed at the terminals, which is periodically measured with a multimeter. Gradually, its value should increase and come as close as possible to the nominal voltage of the restored battery.
If the process is too slow, you can try to speed it up by increasing the current. To do this, it is necessary to gradually reduce the resistance, while monitoring the condition of the battery, capacity and temperature. In the event of excessive overheating or swelling, the power supply must be unplugged immediately.
During charging, the battery should not be left unattended, since the whole procedure is carried out directly. The phone's battery does not automatically stop charging. Therefore, upon reaching a certain voltage level, it is recommended to install the battery back into the device. When it is turned on normally, subsequent charging is best done in this position.
Other ways to restore the battery
In some cases, the so-called cryotherapy, that is, “treatment” with cold at home, can help. The battery that has lost its capacity must be removed from the phone, put in a plastic bag and placed in the freezer of the refrigerator for 25-30 minutes.
After the allotted time has elapsed, the battery should be inserted into the phone and charged for 1 minute. After that, it is again removed from the phone, warmed up to room temperature and then charged as usual.
This method is not suitable for batteries containing lithium, it only works for alkaline batteries, in which the so-called dendrites are formed during operation. Due to this active elements electrodes are partially excluded from the operating mode, and the battery capacity drops. After cooling, the dendrites become brittle and break under the action of tapping or shaking. Thus, the performance of alkaline batteries is partially restored.
Another way is related to fully charged and discharge repeated several times. The battery should be charged to 100% and then completely discharged until the phone stops working.
Not every car enthusiast knows how to restore a car battery. And this can extend its life by several years and save the car owner from unexpected financial expenses. Today, there are four main ways to extend the life of any battery.
The battery is responsible for the process of continuous supply of the required voltage. Accordingly, they are an indispensable component of the operation of certain mechanisms of the machine and its devices. Everyone knows that nothing lasts forever. As a result, every car needs regular technical inspections in order to identify unusable parts. As a rule, any battery (the most common - acid alkaline and lithium) can be repaired. This option is better than immediately running to the store for a new one.
As for acid-base (they are also called lead-helium), their structure is presented as follows - a pair of plus-minus plates of lead in sulfuric acid. They are most common in the automotive industry and in the production of flashlights. However, such a battery does not last long.
The first way to restore the battery is to use repeated recharging with a small current. In this case, the charging process should provide for time intervals between recharging. Thus, starting from the first charge and ending with the last one, the voltage in the battery gradually increases and as a result, it will cease to perceive the charge itself.
Pauses are necessary so that the potentials of the electrodes, located in the depth of the mass of the plates themselves and on their surface, are aligned, which makes the recovery safer. In parallel, the densest electrolyte begins to flow directly from the pores of the plates themselves into the space located between the electrodes.
Together with the cyclic charge and along with the increase in battery capacity, the density of the electrolyte itself also increases. It is necessary to wait until the section voltage is equal to two and a half volts, and the density indicator reaches normal level. Only then should the car battery "rest". This cycle should be repeated up to eight times. Also, the charge current itself must be exactly ten times less than the capacity of the battery being charged.
Electrolyte replacement
Direct battery recovery can also be carried out using the replacement method. To do this, completely drain the electrolyte, and then rinse the battery thoroughly with hot water several times. After that, you will need three teaspoons of ordinary soda, which must be diluted in one hundred milliliters of water. 
The resulting liquid must be boiled, poured in instead of electrolyte, and after twenty minutes - drained. This action must be repeated several times, followed by washing three times with the same hot water.
This method is great for car batteries. The last stage of this process ends with the infusion of a brand new electrolyte and daily charging. After that, the battery is charged for six hours for ten days in a row. Charger must have following characteristics- the voltage is not more than sixteen volts, but not less than fourteen, and the current strength is not more than ten amperes.
Reverse charge
Recovery by reverse charging is also possible. However, this method provides for the presence of a fairly powerful source of voltage itself (the same welding machine). It must have a voltage of at least twenty volts with a current of at least eighty amperes. Having obtained the necessary device, the next step is to open the corks of the cans and charge them back. To carry out such charging, you need to attach the “plus” of the charger to the “minus” of the battery, and to its “plus” - the “minus” of the charger. And this can extend its life by several years and save the car owner from unexpected financial expenses. 
During the charging process, the battery will boil, but that's okay. Charging itself should last no less and no more than half an hour, after which the old electrolyte is drained, the container is washed with hot water, and only then can new electrolyte be poured in. The next step is to use another charger with a current of up to fifteen amperes. They charge the battery all day long.
Charge recovery in distilled water
Using the last, fourth method, the battery can really be restored in less than one hour. If it is completely discharged, then it should be pre-charged. After that, the electrolyte is also completely drained and washed several times with water. Next, it is necessary to pour an ammonia-type Trilon B solution into the washed battery capacity, which includes two percent of the same Trilon and five percent of ammonia itself. With its help, a process of so-called desulfation is carried out, which lasts up to one hour. During this process there is a characteristic gas evolution and the appearance of small splashes on the surface of the poured solution.
After all of the above, it is necessary to rinse the battery several times with plain distilled water, followed by pouring in an electrolyte of acceptable density. Then the battery is charged and it can be considered completely repaired. Summing up, we can say that, in general, the restoration of a car battery can be considered not a very difficult task.
I can say with certainty that the cessation of gas evolution indicates the completion of desulfation. If the sulfation is too strong, then it is necessary to repeat the processing process in order to fully restore the battery.
Video “How to restore the capacity of an old battery”
The recording shows how to charge lead battery at home.
