Engine management system is called an electronic control system that ensures the operation of two or more engine systems. The system is one of the main electronic components of the electrical equipment of the car.Technical progress in the field of electronics, stringent standards environmental safety cause a steady increase in the number of controlled engine systems. The simplest system engine management is a combined injection and ignition system. Modern system engine management integrates significantly more systems and devices, including:
fuel system;
injection system;
intake system;
ignition system;
exhaust system;
cooling system;
exhaust gas recirculation system;
gasoline vapor recovery system;
vacuum brake booster.
The engine management system has the following in common device: input sensors; electronic control unit; actuators of engine systems.
Input sensors measure specific parameters of the engine and convert them into electrical signals. The information received from the sensors is the basis of engine control. The engine management system includes the following input sensors:
| used in work fuel system | fuel pressure sensor; |
| used in the injection system | high fuel pressure sensor; |
| used in the intake system | air flow meter; intake air temperature sensor; position sensor throttle valve; pressure sensor in intake manifold |
| used in the ignition system | gas pedal position sensor; crankshaft speed sensor; knock sensor; air flow meter; intake air temperature sensor; coolant temperature sensor; oxygen sensors; |
| used in the exhaust system | exhaust gas temperature sensor; oxygen sensor in front of the converter; oxygen sensor after the converter; nitrogen oxide sensor; |
| used in the cooling system | coolant temperature sensor; oil temperature sensor; |
| used in work vacuum booster brakes | pressure sensor in the line of the vacuum brake booster |
Depending on the type and model of the engine, the range of sensors may vary.
Electronic control unit receives information from sensors and, in accordance with the software generates control actions on the actuators of engine systems. In its work, the electronic control unit interacts with control units automatic transmission gears, ABS (ESP), electric power steering, airbags, etc.
Executive devices are part of specific engine systems and ensure their operation. The actuators of the fuel system are the fuel electric pump and bypass valve. In the injection system, the controlled elements are the injectors and the pressure control valve. The operation of the intake system is controlled by the throttle actuator and the intake flap actuator. Ignition coils are actuators of the ignition system. The cooling system of a modern car also has a number of components, electronically controlled: thermostat, electric pump, fan valve, relay for engine cooling after shutdown. Forced heating in the exhaust system oxygen sensors and a nitrogen oxide sensor necessary for their efficient operation. The actuating devices of the exhaust gas recirculation system are the secondary air supply control solenoid valve, as well as the secondary air pump motor. The EVAP system is controlled by the canister purge solenoid valve.
The principle of operation of the engine management system based on a comprehensive engine torque control. In other words, the engine management system adjusts the amount of torque in accordance with the specific mode of operation of the engine. The system in its work distinguishes the following modes of engine operation: start; warming up; idling; movement; gear shift; braking; operation of the air conditioning system. Changing the torque value is carried out in two ways - by adjusting the filling of the cylinders with air and by adjusting the ignition timing.
Vehicle ABS system.
In case of emergency braking of the car, one or more wheels may be blocked. In this case, the entire margin of wheel adhesion to the road is used in the longitudinal direction. The blocked wheel ceases to perceive the lateral forces that hold the car on a given trajectory, and slides along the road surface. The car loses control and the slightest lateral force causes it to skid.
Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS, ABS, Antilock Brake System) is designed to prevent the wheels from locking when braking and maintain vehicle controllability. Leading manufacturer ABS systems is a firm Bosch.
ABS system is installed in the regular brake system of the car without changing its design.
The most promising is the anti-lock braking system of tomos with individual regulation of wheel slip. Individual adjustment allows you to get the optimal braking torque on each wheel in accordance with road conditions and, consequently, the minimum braking distances.
Anti-lock braking system has the following device:
wheel speed sensors;
pressure sensor in the brake system;
Control block;
hydraulic block;
control lamp on the instrument panel.
Diagram of the anti-lock braking system ABS brakes
Angular speed sensor installed on each wheel. It captures the current value of the wheel speed and converts it into an electrical signal.
Based on sensor signals Control block detects a wheel lock situation. In accordance with the installed software, the unit generates control actions on the actuators - electromagnetic valves and the electric motor of the return pump of the hydraulic unit of the system.
hydraulic block combines the following structural elements:
intake and exhaust solenoid valves;
pressure accumulators;
return pump with electric motor;
damping chambers.
In the hydraulic block each brake cylinder wheels match one inlet and one exhaust valves, which control braking within their circuit.
Pressure accumulator designed to receive brake fluid when depressurizing the brake circuit.
Return pump connected when the capacity of the pressure accumulators is not enough. It increases the rate of pressure release.
Damping chambers accept brake fluid from the return pump and dampen its vibrations.
Two pressure accumulators and two damping chambers are installed in the hydraulic unit according to the number of brake hydraulic drive circuits.
Pilot lamp on the dashboard indicates a system failure.
Similar information.
The scientific and technological revolution began its run in the middle of the twentieth century, and still cannot stop. This is especially noticeable if you look under the hood of a modern car: vehicles today have become real fortresses on wheels that can protect the driver from many troubles. And not the last role in this whole story with the guarantee of a successful trip is played by car security systems.
Citroen's AFIL system, which tracks the position of the car relative to the markings
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Every day constructors automobile concerns complicate the drawings of cars, making them more intricate and incomprehensible to the average user. Today the ball is ruled intelligent systems security, as well as various means to ensure comfortable driving. And given that the situation on the roads of the world, to put it mildly, is far from ideal, then a car that is not equipped with modern means passive and active safety, it is more and more difficult to “break through” to the buyer.
ABS - anti-lock braking system
Task ABS(anti-lock braking system) is to prevent the wheels of the braking vehicle from blocking, as well as to maintain its controllability and directional stability.
When the wheels are blocked, and the car seems to be about to break into a skid, the electronics begin to methodically “release” and “press” the brake pads, which makes it possible for the wheels to turn. Efficiency ABS systems depends primarily on how well it is configured. If, for example, it works too early, the braking distance can be significantly increased.
Operating principle
The way ABS works is quite simple. Wheel rotation sensors emit signals that are sent to a computer that analyzes them. There is an imitation of actions professional driver, which uses the intermittent braking method.
How effective is this system? It should be noted right away that since its appearance, disputes have not ceased over whether it is more beneficial or still harmful. But be that as it may, even the opponents of ABS cannot ignore such useful qualities, as a significant reduction in the braking distance, as well as maintaining control over a multi-ton car during emergency braking. Yes, when the ABS is activated, it is very difficult to calculate the length of the braking distance, but it is better to stop in complete ignorance for no one knows how many meters before the lamppost than to “kiss” it, knowing exactly how long the car will stretch during braking. The two opposing camps decided to agree that the ABS will come in handy for inexperienced drivers, and the Schumachers will always be able to beat the system. But we are talking about revolutionary scientific thought, so today we can safely say that in the battle “ABS is an experienced driver”, of course, electronics will win an unconditional victory.
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Modern multi-channel ABS allows you to get rid of even the vibration of the brake pedal when the system is on. Once upon a time, the cause of traffic accidents was the abrupt operation of the ABS: the pedal began to vibrate, and the car began to moan, so inexperienced motorists were frightened and released the brake. Today, you need to be extremely sensitive to feel how the ABS, which is part of standard equipment almost all cars. At the same time, it serves as the basis for other more complex electronic security systems.
ASR - traction control
At the system ASR(anti slip regulation) there are many names, the most common of which are TRC, or " traction control», STC, ASC+T And TRACS. This active system The vehicle safety system functions in close conjunction with ABS and EBD and is designed to prevent wheel spin, regardless of the condition of the roadway and the force applied to press the gas pedal. As we said above, many security systems work on the basis of ABS. So ASR uses sensors of the anti-lock braking system, fixing the slip of the driving wheels, reduces the engine speed and, if necessary, slows down the wheels, providing an effective set of speeds. In other words, even if you "drown" the gas pedal to the floor, ASR will not burn rubber and grind asphalt.
Today, cars are even equipped with night vision devices.
Photo
The main purpose of ASR is to ensure the stability of the car when abrupt start or when driving uphill on which road. "Scrolling" of the wheels is leveled due to the redistribution of the torque of the power plant to those wheels, which in this moment have better grip with the road surface. ASR is subject to certain restrictions. For example, it works exclusively at speeds not exceeding 40 km / h.
Flaws
It is impossible not to mention some of the shortcomings of this system. So, ASR will greatly interfere with experienced drivers trying to pull out a stuck car “in buildup”. The system will slow down and release gas out of place and out of time. There are cases when the traction control system “strangled” the engine so much that the car could not move at all.
Or, for example, active drivers. With it, ASR puts sticks in the wheels during a controlled skid, controlling this skid with traction. But this is nothing compared to the benefits that the system brings: it locks the differential, brakes the wheel loaded in the corner, and equalizes the speed of rotation of the wheels, allowing you to make the most efficient use of the torque of the "heart" of the car.
Many automakers today are forgetting about street racers and making ASR non-disableable. But can something stop our inventive drivers? They simply remove the fuse and indulge their racing ambitions. However, there is a “but” here: if you are sure that ASR will prevent you from putting speed on a leash, we remind you that this system is used in Formula 1 cars.
EBD - distribute the braking force
EBD(electronic brake distribution), or EBV- This is an active car safety system responsible for the distribution of braking force between all wheels. Again, EBD always works in parallel with the underlying ABS.
It is noteworthy that EBD takes effect before the ABS reaction, or insures the latter if it is faulty. Since these systems are closely related and always work in pairs, the general abbreviation ABS + EBD can often be found in catalogs.
Thanks to EBD, we get optimal grip on the road, significantly increased directional stability of the car during emergency braking, as well as a guarantee that control over the car will not be lost even in a critical situation. In addition, the system takes into account factors such as the vehicle's position relative to the road and the vehicle's load.
Brake assistant - safe braking
Brake Assist (BAS, DBS, PA, PABS) is an active vehicle security system that works in tandem with ABS and EBD. It turns on at the moment of emergency braking, when the driver does not press the brake pedal hard enough, but quite sharply. Brake Assist independently measures the force and speed of pressing the pedal and, if necessary, immediately increases the pressure level in brake line. This allows braking to be as efficient as possible and significantly reduce the braking distance.
Brake Assist
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The system is able to distinguish the panic actions of drivers or those moments when they put pressure on the brake pedal for quite a long period of time. BAS will not come into operation during sudden braking, which are included in the category of "predictable". Many believe that this system is an assistant mainly for the fairer sex, because lovely ladies sometimes simply do not have enough strength to carry out emergency braking. Therefore, in a critical situation, the Brake Assist system comes to their aid, which “squeezes” the brake to maximum deceleration.
EDL: blocking the differential
EDL(electronic differential lock), which is also called EDS, is the system responsible for the differential lock. This electronic assistant makes it possible to increase general security vehicle, improve its traction characteristics when adverse conditions, facilitate the moment of starting, provides intensive acceleration, as well as movement on the rise.
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The differential lock system determines angular velocity each of the driving wheels and compares the results obtained. If the angular speeds do not match, for example, when one of the wheels slips, the EDL slows down the slipping wheel until its rotation speed is equal to the speed of the other drive wheel. If the speed difference reaches 110 rpm, the system switches on automatically and operates without any restrictions at speeds up to 80 km/h.
HDC: traction control during descent
HDC(hill descent control), and DAC And DDS- electronic traction control system for descent from how many and steep slopes. The functioning of the system is carried out through the braking of the wheels and the "suffocation" of the power unit, however, there is a fixed speed limit within 7 km / h (when reversing, the speed does not exceed 6.5 km / h). This passive system, which is turned on and off by the driver himself. The controlled downhill speed depends entirely on the initial speed of the vehicle, as well as on the gear engaged.
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The speed control system allows you to take your mind off the brake pedal and focus solely on driving. This system is equipped with all four-wheel drive vehicles. HDC, in automatic mode which includes brake lights, turns off immediately after the vehicle speed exceeds 60 km / h.
HHC - light lifting
Unlike the HDC system, which helps drivers descend from steep slopes, HHC(hill hold control) prevents the machine from rolling back when driving uphill. Alternative names for this security system are USS And HAC.
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The moment the driver stops interacting with the brake pedal, HDC continues to hold high level pressure in the brake system. Only at the moment when the motorist presses the gas pedal hard enough, the pressure decreases, and the car starts moving from a place.
ACC: car cruise
ACC(active cruise control) is an adaptive cruise control used to maintain a predetermined speed limit vehicle and control of a safe distance. PBA(predictive brake assist) is a predictive braking system that works in conjunction with adaptive cruise control.
Cruise control
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If the distance to the vehicle in front decreases, the system starts to slow down until the distance is restored to a predetermined level. If the vehicle in front begins to move away, ACC starts to pick up speed.
PDC - controlled parking
PDC(parking distance control), in common Parktronic- a system that uses ultrasonic sensors to determine the distance to an obstacle and allows you to control the distance when parking.
Parktronic
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The driver is informed about how far is the distance to the nearest obstacle special signals, the frequency of which changes with a reduction in distance - than closer car To dangerous area, the shorter the pause between individual signals. After the obstacle remains 20 cm, the signal becomes continuous.
ESP - guarantee of exchange rate stability
At the system ESP(electronic stability program), probably the most alternative names in which the devil will break the neck of the thigh: ESC, VDC, DSTC, VSC, DSC, VSA, ATTS or Stabilitrac. This active safety system is responsible for vehicle stability and works in conjunction with ABS and EBD.
At the moment when the danger of skidding arises, ESP enters the scene. By analyzing wheel speed, brake line pressure, steering position, yaw rate and lateral acceleration, ESP calculates in just 20 milliseconds which wheels need to be braked and how much engine speed needs to be reduced in order to stabilize the car.
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Electronic systems security systems do not at all turn our cars into highly intelligent robots that can do all the work for the driver. The cornerstone in this case is still the driver, who must be able to soberly assess traffic situation, their capabilities and the capabilities of their car. And, as you know, there is no more dangerous illusion than the illusion of one's own invulnerability.
This article discusses the electronic components of cars, what they are and how they work.
ABS ("ANTIBLOCK BRAKE SYSTEM")
ABS - brake anti-lock system. This system helps to avoid blocking the wheels during sudden braking or when braking on slippery road. The control unit presses and releases the brake pads several times, as a result of which the wheels begin to turn. consists of: acceleration (speed) sensors mounted on wheel hubs; control valves that are installed in the line of the braking system; a control unit that receives signals from sensors and controls the operation of the valves.
During ABS braking constantly and accurately determines the speed of rotation of all wheels. If one or more wheels decelerate faster than the maximum calculated speed and based on the readings of the accelerometers, then ABS commands the braking system to limit the braking force on the wheel(s). The braking force after the rotation of the wheel comes to an acceptable rate is restored.
4WS ("4 WHEEL STEER")
4WS - 4 steered wheels. Special steering gears are built into rear suspension with which the wheels turn. Management is carried out by a special electronic unit based on speed, steering and wheel angles, etc. received from vehicle sensors.
The system operates in two modes:
- At low speed the rear wheels turn in the opposite direction of the front wheels, and the steering wheel turns a smaller angle when the maneuver is performed. That is, the steering sensitivity increases and the car becomes more maneuverable.
- At high speed when changing lanes or fast turns, the rear wheels turn in the same direction only at a small angle as the front wheels.
ACC ("ACTIVE CRUISE CONTROL")
ACC - active cruise control. This system uses a three-beam radar to monitor the road ahead of the vehicle. If the vehicle in front moves into your lane, ACC determines its direction of travel and position, and calculates an estimated speed based on the radar signal. The system changes the vehicle speed to maintain a safe distance between vehicles. Reducing the speed is carried out by reducing the traction of the car or by using the brakes. The value of the safety distance can be adjusted by the settings.
ACC ("ACTIVE COMING CONTROL")
ACC- automatic system stabilization of the transverse position of the body in corners and variable suspension travel. May also be called ACE, CATS, CBC, BCS. ACC works in conjunction with ABS to prevent rear axle skid when cornering at high speeds. The work of ACC is based on the redistribution of loads between suspension elements. With a lateral tilt (roll), the rods move in different directions (one goes down, the other goes up). The middle part twists.
The ACC is trying, as it were, to raise the body from the side of the slope, and lower it from the opposite side. Thus, the ACC ensures the alignment of the car to the road plane. In addition to alignment, an increase in the grip properties of the vehicle's wheels with the road when turning is also achieved.
AGS ("ADAPTIVE GETRIEBE-STEUERUNG")
BA ("BRAKE ASSIST")
BA - electronic pressure control system in hydraulic system brakes. Also called PABS, PA, BAS. BA independently increases the pressure in the brake system if necessary or if there is insufficient effort on the pedal.
Moreover, the increase in pressure occurs much faster than a person could do. Recognition of emergency braking occurs by the speed of pressing the pedal and the pressure on the pedal
D-4
D-4 - technology direct injection fuel. Fuel is fed directly into the combustion chamber under high pressure. This technology significantly increases performance characteristics engine. Fuel consumption is reduced, the level of harmful substances in the gas is reduced.
DAC ("DOWNHILL ACESS CONTROL")
DAC is Hill Descent Assist. When driving on steep descents, if the DAC system determines that the wheel speed is less speed vehicle, it automatically changes the braking force on different wheels.
DAC maintains a speed in the region of 5-7 km/h, which is ideal for steep descents, and 3-5 km/h when driving in reverse on steep slopes.
DBC ("DYNAMIC BRAKE CONTROL")
DBC stands for Dynamic Brake Control. DBC is an addition to DSC (Dynamic Stability Control). Approximately 90% of drivers are not able to perform emergency braking in time. In spite of a sharp depressing of the brake pedal, the pressure on the pedal is insufficient and the subsequent increase in pressure increases the braking power only slightly. As a result, the braking power is not fully utilized.
The DBS system allows you to accelerate and increase the build-up of pressure in the brake system during emergency braking and provides a minimum stopping distance even with light pressure on the brake pedal. The determining values are the data: the rate of pressure increase and the force applied to the pedal. The DBS system does not work according to vacuum principle, but on the principle of hydraulic amplification. During emergency braking, such a system provides the best and most accurate dosage of braking force.
DDE (Diesel Digital Electronics)
DDE - electronic digital system. DDE regulates the moment of injection, the amount of fuel supplied and the boost pressure, which ensures the most optimal correspondence of these parameters in all engine operating modes, even in extreme conditions.
The car becomes more economical (fuel consumption), high-torque (engine operation is smooth) and more environmentally friendly (toxicity in exhaust gases decreases). Tracking the force of pressing the gas pedal, its position allows you to more accurately calculate the time, quantity, and pressure of fuel injection, which adapts the engine operating mode to various conditions and driving style.
DME (Digital Motor Electronics)
DME is an electronic digital engine management system. DME manages and controls all functions (ignition, fuel injection). DME maintains optimal power with the lowest emissions and fuel consumption. Sensors constantly monitor all parameters that affect the operation of the engine. The incoming data from the sensors are evaluated and encoded into commands for the ignition and injection systems.
DME processes about 1000 signals every second, including signals from sensors for cooling system temperature, throttle position, air density and temperature, crankshaft position, vehicle speed, and gas pedal position. DME compares all incoming signals with the responses of other systems. If one of the sensors fails, the DME uses the stored default value for given parameter from memory. DME also monitors the health of electrical equipment. Using various sensors, the battery charge level and its condition, as well as current electricity consumption, are measured. Supporting battery in working condition, DME provides a guaranteed start of the engine at any time.
EBD ("ELECTRONIC BRAKE DISTRIBTION")
EBD - electronic brake force distribution system. Also called EBV. Works in conjunction with ABS and electronically ensures even distribution of braking force between all wheels. This is necessary for optimal grip of each wheel with the road, based on speed, vehicle load, pavement, etc.
In most cases, it is used to eliminate the possibility of blocking the wheels on the rear axle. EBD begins to work before ABS, or after the failure of the latter as a result of a breakdown.
EBM ("ELECTRONIC BRAKE MANAGEMENT")
EBM is an electronic brake control system. Essentially, this common name control systems of brake systems and controllability of these systems, such as ABS, ACS + T, DSC and DBC. Based on the readings of various sensors, EBM determines the level of intervention required to restore good vehicle control, using one or more control systems at once. Sensors used by EBM include: bank angle; steering wheel angle; wheel speed and brake force sensors.
EBS ("ELECTRONIC BRAKING SYSTEM")
EBS - electronic braking system. In EBS, the brake pedal is not mechanically connected to braking system. Other name " electronic pedal”, the movement of which is converted into an electrical signal and fed to the control unit. Next, the data received from the sensors (speed, load, steering angle, lateral acceleration) are analyzed. Based on the analysis of this data, the electronics gives a command to its executive mechanisms to regulate the pressure in the circuits of the brake system.
ECT ("ELECTONICALLY CONTROLED TRANSMISSION")
ECT - electronic shift control system in automatic transmission latest generation. Given the throttle position, vehicle speed, engine temperature, determines which gear to shift into. Thus, it provides the softest gear shifting, and increases the life of the transmission and engine. It is possible to set the gearshift algorithm: “winter”, “economy”, “sport”.
Conclusion!
These systems have largely influenced the fundamental change in the essence of the modern car. Thanks to electronics, components and mechanisms began to work more reliably, and the transport itself became safer.
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It seems that humanity has long entered the world of electronic technology. The Silicon Age began with a very rapid development and it seems that nothing can stop this run of modernity. All electronic gadgets are extremely firmly established in the life of a modern person and give imaginary complete control in many situations in life. Why imaginary? Well, let's see. We will try to answer your questions.
Electronic assistants in cars.
Many motorists buying modern car, especially when before that they drove cars more than low class, or old cars that did not have similar systems, face the same problem, they all have one interesting feature. They become overly trusting the car, entrusting their safety and control of the car to its systems, mistakenly believing that the devices installed on them can prevent a serious accident and can be completely relied upon.
This approach leads to the fact that drivers begin to neglect safety rules, exceed the speed limit, use their mobile phones while driving, without thinking about the consequences and possible problems.
Car owners believe that the car will not only protect them in an accident, but may well prevent it. This is a big misconception. Modern electronic technology, although they are developing by leaps and bounds, they have not yet reached the capacities and functionality of the human brain. Simply put, the most advanced computer of all is the human brain, and nothing better exists now. So, you should trust yourself, your experience, intuition, reaction, not be distracted and be extremely careful while driving any car. No electronic system can fulfill your duties now. And it will not be able, most likely, in the next few years, that's for sure.
As the companies promise, they will launch their autonomous cars and for some time after that it will be possible to see production models of cars moving on public roads without the need for the driver to intervene in the process of control. But again, at least five more years should pass before this. In the meantime ... For now, no matter how high-tech the machines seem, completely, 100%, you should not trust them.
Not so long ago, a person behind the wheel had to solve many problems at once, every second. But slowly, with the advent of first purely mechanical, then electrical, and in the last few decades of electronic systems, it seems that all this is a thing of the past, now the car independently monitors safety, by no means.
These electronic assistants are fraught with one, but very serious problem. It's no secret that technology sometimes does not work perfectly. Simply put, she has glitches. Even if the manufacturer has installed very powerful computers with extremely sensitive reliable sensors in the car, an unexpected failure can still occur, especially in cases where data is received from external sensors, which may be damaged or misinterpret the external environment.
Plus, such technologies came to the market not so long ago. This means that automakers are now going through a phase of trial and error. That is, no matter how seriously they approach the safety of their cars, an unknown miscalculation can “emerge” in a year, two, or even more, during the operation of the car. But since there is only one life and there may not be a second chance to get out of a critical situation, we ourselves need to be extremely careful and not blindly trust seemingly ideal and super-intelligent technologies.
Of course, some cars also have a collision avoidance system in addition to this, which will first warn the driver of an impending danger, and in extreme cases will apply automatic braking, if the driver does not respond in time, but given the analyzed situation, the accident is unlikely to be avoided.
And we don’t even mention debris and dirt, which can easily block the normal operation of the sensors in the system.
Lane Keeping Assist
This one uses cameras to "see" the lanes and keep your car in one of the lanes. Theoretically, this system can be completely autonomous, but just like in the case described above, not everything is so rosy.
Again, if you are too confident in the effectiveness of this system, then believe me, most likely, in the next tens of kilometers it will be able to send you into a ditch or into a passing car.
This security system relies solely on one thing: white and yellow lines on the pavement. In order for her to do her job well, she needs to see them, and where the lines are erased and not visible, then there will be no sense from this system. So don't dig into your phone when you turn on "Lane Keeping Assist" be vigilant and keep an eye on the situation on the road.
This type of assistant is really effective only in an ideal environment where the lanes are marked correctly or additional sensors are built into the asphalt, by which your car will “see” its direction, even if the road is covered with snow.
Blind Spot Monitoring
This device uses sensors or cameras mounted under each of the outside rear-view mirrors to continuously scan the "blind spot". On many vehicles, this annoying "blind spot" effect prevents you from being completely safe when changing lanes.
The operation algorithm is extremely simple - if there is a car nearby in the "blind zone", then the triggered sensor will notify you of this by lit up with a pictogram on the corresponding mirror. But, as in previous times, there are exceptions. There are situations on the road in which the sensors cannot work correctly.
Suppose a car moves quickly behind you, and then, at the last moment, abruptly changes into an adjacent lane. In such a situation, the sensors may not show the presence of an alien vehicle in the blind zone if you want to change lanes.
Moreover, some systems have not yet learned how to detect motorcyclists and cyclists on the street. Two types of vehicles that very suddenly sneak up on the sides of your car in city traffic.
Of course, we are not saying that these devices are absolutely useless, but it is worth paying attention and monitoring your surroundings, even if the icon does not light up. You never know where you will find, where you will lose ...
On expensive cars there is an Active Blind Spot Monitoring system that brings the car back into its lane if it detects movement in the "blind spot". But then again, even this system is not 100% able to get rid of problems. After all, it is tied to the Blind Spot Monitoring sensors.
Pedestrian Detection (Pedestrian detection system)
Usually correlated with the collision avoidance system. Cameras and/or sensors located on the vehicle continuously monitor the road in front of the vehicle and the pavement. In case those facing pedestrian crossing suddenly go out on the road and the driver does not have time to react in time, the brakes automatically work and the car freezes as if rooted to the spot, without causing harm to people.
But this is ideal. What if a child runs out onto the road, from behind a car where the system will not see him, or even some hurrying adult risks running across the road, what will happen then? You can be almost 100% sure that a car will hit a person, the only question is at what speed.
Although the system will react faster than a simple driver, physics cannot be deceived, no one will cancel the braking distance. Hence the conclusion, do not break the rules, do not exceed the speed limit, only in this case this electronic assistant will be able to make your car safer for pedestrians.
Remember, you can only rely on yourself in this life, especially when you are driving!
When buying a car, the availability of driver assistance systems is increasingly becoming a determining factor. In particular, the importance of keeping the car in the selected lane and automatic emergency braking has increased. According to Bosch's new car registration statistics, one in five passenger cars are equipped with such systems. At the same time, in 2013, assistance systems were installed in only every tenth new car. If all cars were equipped with an automatic emergency braking system, up to 72% of accidents in which people were injured could be prevented from rear-end collisions with a car. It was also found that the lane assist system can prevent up to 28% of accidents in which people are injured due to the fault of drivers who accidentally left their lane.
Technical requirements for most modern cars
The increased safety provided by driver assistance systems is one of the reasons for their growing popularity. In particular, the automatic emergency braking system is evaluated in the ratings of the European New Car Safety Assessment Program. Euro NCAP. From 2016, new vehicles must be equipped with Pedestrian Collision Avoidance if the automaker aims for the highest 5-star rating. Due to changes in testing standards and constantly decreasing costs, more and more modern passenger cars are equipped with sensors that monitor the parameters of the surrounding space.
One sensor supports multiple driver assistance systems
The technology is based on the use of a radar system sensor - MRR - medium range radar. For example, such a radar is used in the VW Polo and Golf models, which indicates its availability even for the segment of small and compact cars. One sensor can support multiple driver assistance systems. In addition to the emergency braking system, the MRR sensor works to adaptive cruise control(ACC). ACC automatically maintains the speed selected by the driver and the programmed safe distance to the vehicle in front. In combination with the collision avoidance system, ACC can reduce the number of emergency braking on highways up to 67%. In 2014, 8% of new vehicles were equipped with ACC, twice as many as Bosch reported a year earlier.
One in four new cars can tell when the driver is tired
The number of new vehicles equipped with traffic sign recognition as well as driver drowsiness recognition is on the rise, both figures up 2% compared to 2013. So, six percent of all cars registered in 2014 can recognize certain traffic signs on the road using a video camera. Further information is displayed in the form of symbols on the dashboard, which helps drivers understand the complexities of navigating road signs. In 2014, a system that measures driver fatigue was installed in one in four new cars. With the steering angle sensor and electric amplifier The steering system analyzes the driver's behavior to detect the first signs of drowsiness. The system immediately registers sharp steering maneuvers and, taking into account Extra options, such as the duration of the trip and the time of day, determines the degree of sleepiness. Before the driver can fall asleep, he warns him to stop for a rest.
Parking assistance systems are the most common in new cars.
The headlight control system automatically turns on the headlights high beam when driving outside built-up areas, until a vehicle is found ahead or in the oncoming lane. She also constantly controls the operation of the headlights. Systems that only control low beams were not included in the latest study, resulting in a decrease in the number of vehicles with integrated headlight control systems. In 2014, the system was introduced in only 13% of newly registered vehicles.
Also included in the studies for the first time is a parking assistance system. It uses ultrasonic sensors to sound signals, which inform the driver about the distance between the vehicle and parking obstacles, as well as cameras rear view and parking assistants. These assistants control steering when parking, while the driver is only responsible for accelerating and braking. For example, in 2014, more than half of the new registered cars (52%) were equipped with parking assistance systems, which indicates the greatest popularity of these systems in new cars.
(Bosch study based on 2014 statistics from Polk and the German Federal Motor Vehicle Office for newly registered vehicles).
(Bosch study based on 2014 statistics from Polk and the German Federal Motor Vehicle Office for newly registered vehicles).
