Work in quarries associated with the extraction and movement of large volumes of hard rock - the heaviest and most difficult to handle cargo, in conditions of monstrous dust, heat and cold, can only be maintained by the most enduring and powerful technique. We present to your attention several stories of the creation and operation of giant mining machines that have become real champions in their industry.
Bagger 288
Mining dump trucks BelAZ-75710 and Volvo A60H
The most recognizable symbol of any quarry is a colossal dump truck. These machines are designed to transport the extracted rock. This technique is mainly used to move hard rocks. In 2013, the world saw a new industry record holder - the BelAZ-75710 car manufactured by the Belarusian car factory. The declared carrying capacity of the car is 450 tons, which roughly corresponds to the transportation capabilities of seven freight cars at the same time.
BelAZ-75710
The weight of the heavy truck is 360 tons when empty. It is capable of reaching speeds of 64 kilometers per hour. The car was equipped with two MTU engines with a total capacity of 4.651 thousand horsepower. The dimensions of the giant in length, width and height are 20, 9.7 and 8 meters, respectively. The machine was included in the European and CIS Book of Records after it set a load capacity record. At the test site, where demonstration tests took place, she carried 503.5 tons of cargo. Recall that Pronedra wrote earlier that the machines of the future are mining dump trucks-robots.
Video: Discovery Channel Russia
In addition to classic-shaped dump trucks, to which the mentioned BelAZ belongs, articulated trucks are also used in quarries. The first copies of this kind appeared in the fifties. They are used in cases where there are increased requirements for maneuverability or maneuverability in specific areas. Such trucks are equipped with six driving wheels. The leader among cars is the Volvo A60H, introduced to the market in 2016. Its carrying capacity - 60 tons - although it has a much more modest figure than that of a conventional "quarry", it still leads against the background of the capabilities of other dump trucks in its class.
Volvo A60H
Bucket wheel excavator Bagger 288
In order to open the layers of minerals in quarries, powerful equipment is required that can extract a large number of breeds. For this, rotary excavators are used in large developments. Such machines are continuous work on a walking, rail or tracked chassis. The extraction of raw materials is carried out using buckets or cutters mounted on a rotor wheel. The extracted material is transported on a conveyor to intermediate collection points or shipped to transport.
Bagger 288
The largest bucket wheel excavator is Bagger 288. It was built in 1978 German company Krupp commissioned by Rheinbraun. The unit also has the status of the largest in size self-propelled machine in the world. However, due to the fact that the Bagger 288 runs on electricity that comes from external sources, it is more correct to call it a movable apparatus. The weight of the giant is 13.5 thousand tons, in length, width and height it reaches 240, 96 and 46 meters, respectively. The car moves on 12 tracks, while the maximum speed is 600 meters per hour.
The volume of each of the 18 buckets mounted on a rotary wheel the size of an eight-story house is 6.6 cubic meters. During a work shift, an excavator extracts 240 thousand cubic meters of rock, which is comparable to the amount of space in a football stadium. However, a whole family of bucket-wheel excavators of the Bagger series, created in the period from 1958 to 1995 - models 281, 285, 287 and 291, has comparable dimensions and characteristics. In addition, the Bagger 293 excavator is included in the Guinness Book of Records for certain parameters.
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Draglines Big Muskie and Bucyrus 8750
At work on the opening of the rock, excavators with a cable mechanical connection, the so-called draglines, are used, the principle of operation of which is based on the use of the own weight of the bucket. There are among these machines and their champions. The 4250-W was considered the largest career dragline, which even had given name- Big Muskie. The excavator was built in 1969 by the American company Bucyrus Erie for coal mining operations at the Central Ohio Coal open pit in Ohio.
Big Muskie
The mass of the machine was 13 thousand tons, height - 67.8 meters, width - 46.2 meters and length - 148.6 meters (together with the boom). Inside the building, two buildings the size of the American White House could easily fit on top of each other. The bucket with a volume of 168 cubic meters included two full-size buses. The 4250-W worked on electricity, power was supplied through a cable from external sources. The cable itself had to be transported after the excavator using a separate machine. The power consumed by Big Muskie is comparable to the amount of energy that is needed to ensure the operation of electrical appliances in 27.5 thousand apartments.
The life of the excavator was 30 years. During this time, the machine moved 465 million cubic meters of rock - twice as much as during the construction of the Panama Canal. With the help of the record holder, 20 million tons of coal were extracted. After dismantling the giant, his bucket was placed in the Miners Memorial Park of Ohio.
Big Muskie bucket at Miners Memorial Park
After the dismantling of the legendary Big Muskie, the status of the largest dragline in the world passed to American model Bucyrus 8750 manufactured by Bucyrus Erie (in 1997 the company was bought out by Caterpillar Corporation, therefore the machine is currently called Cat 8750). The model was introduced to the market in 1971 and is still in use today. Although the Bucyrus 8750 is half the weight of the Big Muskie, its performance is on par with the latter.
Cat 8750 (Bucyrus 8750)
A machine weighing up to 7.5 thousand tons holds 116 cubic meters of cargo in the bucket with a mass of not more than 344 tons. Thus, the excavator can fully load dumper. The length of the arrow reaches 132 meters. The excavator is equipped with 16 electric motors, half of which are used during the operation of the bucket, the rest drive the chassis.
Mechanized excavator Marion 6360 Captain
In quarry work, in addition to rotary machines and draglines, other excavation equipment is also used - powerful mechanical shovels, which are used to open rocks. Mechanical shovels are familiar to us single-bucket excavators that work on urban construction sites, the principle of their operation is based not on the use of the weight of the bucket, but mainly on the transmission tractive effort through mechanical devices.
Marion 6360 Captain
The category record holder is the Marion 6360 Captain, created by the American company Marion Power Shovel in 1965. The excavator worked from 1965 to 1991 in the Captain Mine (Illinois) coal mine, which is operated by Arch Coal. With a weight of 12.7 thousand tons and a height of 64 meters, it had an arrow length of 72 meters and a bucket volume of 153 cubic meters. Only one segment of the caterpillar track weighed 3.5 tons, and the height of the tracks was 4.9 meters. The operation of the machine was provided by two dozen electric motors with a total capacity of 15.45 thousand kW each.
The excavator successfully coped with its tasks until the emergency, which occurred on September 9, 1991. There was a fire in the car. After examining the excavator, the engineers came to the conclusion that it was not economically feasible to restore the Marion 6360 Captain. The gigantic mechanism was dismantled a year after it stood motionless at the lower level of the quarry.
Front loader P&H L-2350
For moving and cutting rock, bulldozing and loading raw materials onto dump trucks in quarries, front loaders. They are earth-moving machines with a mounted bucket, which is unloaded forward. The American company R. G. LeTourneau in 2000 managed to create the most efficient loader in the world - L-2350 loader (new name P&H L-2350). The capacity of its bucket is 40.52 cubic meters, which allows it to carry a record 72.5 tons of cargo. Loader weight - 263 tons.
P&H L-2350
A diesel engine with a capacity of 2.3 thousand horsepower consumes fuel from a giant fuel tank with a capacity of 4 thousand liters. The speed of movement of this transport is low - 15 kilometers per hour. The wheels of a colossus deserve special attention- in height they reach four meters, and in width - 1.7 meters. This machine is involved in the Arizona copper quarry, which is being developed by ASARCO. The assembly of the loader was carried out directly in the quarry. The machine will spend its entire service life in it and will no longer be transported to other workings.
Bulldozers Komatsu D575A and ACCO
In the extraction of minerals in quarries, bulldozers are also used. It is designed for different types of work - both for moving rocks and for leveling the ground. In particular, the rock can be transported to the coverage area of an excavator, which loads it onto a dump truck or dump. Bulldozers are widely used in overburden work.
Komatsu D575A
by the most big bulldozer in the world of those used in quarries is the Komatsu D575A Superdozer. Its production by Japanese company Komatsu started in 1991. The mass of the machine reaches 152.6 tons. The colossus is able to carry out the movement of 69.3 cubic meters of rock, and when changing the blade to a special one - 90 cubic meters. The bulldozer is transported disassembled and using up to eight tractors. Now such bulldozers, although out of production, are actively used in New Zealand and the USA.
However, another practically implemented ACCO dozer project could also become a record holder among bulldozers, but this machine was never involved in the work. Its weight far exceeds the record holder Komatsu and reaches 183 tons. The bulldozer was assembled Italian company Umberto Acco based on Caterpillar in the sixties commissioned by Libya.
ACCO doser
After the introduction of UN sanctions, the delivery failed, and today the giant is still in Italy. Although it has not been sea tested, in 2012, while transporting the ACCO dozer to the address of the new Italian owner, a landscaping company, according to eyewitnesses, the bulldozer drove into the trailer site on its own. The purpose of the bulldozer is unknown, but still it can be considered a career one, since such super-heavy class machines are used throughout the world exclusively in open-pit mining.
Transport and dump bridge Tenova TAKRAF F60
Among all types of moving equipment involved in work in quarries, the largest in size are the structures of transport and dump bridges. These devices are used to transport overburden from bucket-wheel excavators to internal quarry dumps. The rock is transferred to a maximum of three ledges of development.
Tenova TAKRAF F60
The F60 manufactured by the German corporation Tenova TAKRAF is considered the largest transport and dump bridge. He works in coal mines in the eastern part of Germany. The car was built in 1991. The bridge weighing 13.4 thousand tons moves along rail guides. The length of the structure is 502 meters, width - 202 meters, span height - 60 meters. For comparison, Manhattan's 101-story Empire State Building is 443 meters high, 62 meters less than the F60.
Operating speed - at the level of 9 meters per second (32.4 kilometers per hour), maximum - 15 meters per second (54 kilometers per hour). The volume of production is 29 thousand cubic meters per hour (the rock in such an amount can fill the bowl of a football stadium to a height of three meters), if three rotary excavator. Rock is transported using nine conveyor belts.
Video: derrene83
Quarry colossi, designed for hard multi-year work, are often assembled and dismantled for scrap after the expiration of their service life or an accident right on the field sites. Starting and ending life in the same career is not an easy fate. huge machines which are often created in single copy, and, after the termination of their existence, forever remain in history as unique examples of engineering talent.
The Super Pit mine in the Kalgoorlie gold region of Australia is a huge crater 3.5 km long and 1.5 km wide with a funnel going 360 meters deep. Huge dump trucks slowly descend into it along an endless serpentine road, one after another, and then in clouds of dust rise to the surface of the earth with a load of gold ore
Mining at the Super Pit is done by quarrying, loaders and trucks. During the history of the existence of one of the largest mines in the world, about 295 million cubic meters of rock were lifted up from here. Despite its huge size, Super Pit continues to grow: the plan is to soon exceed 500 m in depth, reach a length of 3.9 km and a width of 1.6 km.
This is not a distant prospect. After all, life here does not stop for a minute. During the day they work under the scorching sun, at night - in the light of searchlights. At night, the mine looks like the set of a science fiction action movie about another alien takeover of the Earth. Majority giant machines owned by the gold mining company Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines (KCGM). While truck drivers work three shifts in many mines around the world, here in Kalgoorlie they spend 12 hours driving.
Meanwhile, the tense life of the mine from a special observation deck is watched by hundreds of tourists who come here from all over the world. The picture is really breathtaking: giant trucks moving through a huge quarry with a wheel diameter of two human heights and a driver's cab located at the height of a four-story building, from here, from the site, seem like small toy cars.
Mechanical Quarry Giant
This illusion will quickly dissipate if you manage to get closer to, the total mass of which is 623,690 kg. This giant is capable of transporting up to 345 tons of cargo at a time. If we take into account the total mass, then this is the most heavy car in the world. But CAT 797B is remarkable not only for its weight and dimensions. It is the only one of the giant dump trucks that uses a traditional transmission with a gearbox and torque supply to the wheels through the final drive. The rest of the giants - Liebherr, Terex, BelAZ - use a diesel-electric transmission to drive the wheels.
Photo source: pinterest.com
Structurally, the 797th is the most ordinary car, perhaps slightly hypertrophied. diesel engine 117.1 liters (no typo here) sends killer torque to a seven-speed hydromechanical planetary gearbox - the largest in the automotive world! And from there, Newton meters go to another grandiose engineering structure - main gear, where they increase by a factor of 21, taking on truly astronomical values. The final link in this chain is massive double rear wheels. Most big tires in the world, mounted on 63-inch wheels, were developed by Michelin specifically for this model.
Turns the mastodon by spinning the front wheels like a normal car. Only not by muscle strength, slightly enhanced by a hydraulic drive, but by hydraulic motors driven from the main internal combustion engine. In case the diesel engine stalls, emergency accumulators are provided. With their help, you can make up to three turns of 90 degrees with idle engine. Deceleration is carried out by engine braking, as well as multi-disc brakes with forced oil cooling.
Photo source: pinterest.com
The eighth wonder of the world
Only the Liebherr T282B, the world's largest truck with an electric transmission, can compete for the palm with the CAT 797B. This giant can carry 363 tons of cargo in its bucket - 18 tons more than Caterpillar.
When the dump truck, 14.5 m long and 8.8 m wide, was first shown to the general public at the Munich Building Exhibition 2004, it was immediately dubbed the "eighth wonder of the world." Mainly not for its impressive size and formidable appearance, but for the fact that it is capable of carrying cargo one and a half times its own weight. According to this indicator, which characterizes the level of engineering excellence of the design, the Liebherr T 282 B beats all other giant specimens.
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Photo source: pinterest.com
20-cylinder 3650-horsepower diesel truck with a volume of 90 liters spins the generator alternating current, which "feeds" the electric motors of the rear dual wheels. Due to the features of the electric transmission, the car accelerates faster, although it has a slightly lower maximum speed than the CAT 797B.
When braking, the motor-wheels work here as generators, saving the resource of working brake mechanisms. Disc brakes are used as parking brakes. brake mechanisms all wheels. The steering is hydraulic, about the same as that of Caterpillar.
The mine is home to the largest mining trucks
If in something career giants and inferior to a conventional car, so it is in speed. However, recklessness is of no use to them. On the territory of the quarry, where, in fact, their whole life passes, they move at a permitted speed of 40 km / h. The 797B has a top speed of around 68 km/h, while the Liebherr T 282 B is about 3 km/h slower. Having time to turn around in 35-40 minutes and again stand under the bucket of an equally gigantic mining hydraulic excavator (for example, Komatsu PC8000 or PC8000-6), two-thirds of this time is spent by a heavily loaded dump truck getting out of the quarry to the surface.
These giants spend their entire working life in the mines. Under no circumstances can such a truck get there on its own. ordinary road because there is simply nothing left of it. They are delivered to the mines in parts, in containers, and assembled on site.
Photo source: tractors.wikia.com
Of course, any car - whether it's the tiny Peel P50, the world's smallest car from 1962, or the gigantic Liebherr T 282 B - requires constant maintenance. It needs to be refueled, serviced, repaired. Each instance working in the quarries is serviced by dozens of trucks, trains or helicopters (as, for example, in some mines in South America where there is no rail connection or corresponding road routes). This is the delivery of fuel, which is poured into giant tanks located permanently at the mine, and maintenance, and huge workshops - all this together makes up an extremely developed, expensive infrastructure.
Each of the gigantic mechanisms itself is worth a fortune. average price CAT 797, for example, is just under four million US dollars. Accordingly, its maintenance, as well as spare parts for it, is also worth it. The price of a 59/80R63 XDR tire is about $200,000, but if, for example, the motor burns out, it will take about $1 million to replace it.
Photo source: pinterest.com
The only way these massive machines can recoup their cost is if they run smoothly and trouble-free 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. As soon as the dump truck enters the mine, from the very first minute everything is directed to only one thing - to recoup millions of costs as soon as possible. Each time the body of a giant is filled with ore, it works off its value.
I’ll immediately note: with the cost of the dump truck itself at several million dollars, the costs of delivering equipment to the place of work, developing and maintaining infrastructure, these giants usually pay for themselves faster than other equipment - in less than 12 months! And it is their size that plays a significant role in this. After all, the fewer trips a truck makes, the more ore it can load, the faster it will pay for itself. Carrying 300-360 tons of rock at a time, the giant is doing its job perfectly.
Monster ... Huge ... And there will be even more
It would seem that this can be put an end to, because all conceivable and unimaginably huge mechanisms have already been invented, exist, and work. Does it make sense to continue working in this direction? Where is the ceiling, after reaching which it makes no sense to develop new supergiants and it is necessary to look for fundamentally new solutions? How huge can a monster be and is it time to stop?
However, experts say: The ceiling has not yet been reached and will not be reached in the near future. The fact is that at today's pace of development of mechanization, new promising technologies, further improvement of motors, with the constant development and increase in the level modern electronics the creation of new supergiants is quite realistic, and most importantly, economically justified".
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Photo source: belaz.by
Let's give a counter example. It is known that in the near future another increase in the volume of excavator buckets is planned, and since for effective work the carrying capacity of the machine must be a multiple of the carrying capacity of excavators, the appearance of the corresponding instance is unlikely to take long. All the world's leading manufacturers of heavy mining equipment are working in this direction today. There is no doubt that they will soon introduce a new generation of giants to the world, which will be even heavier, larger and more powerful than their predecessors from past generations.
Tina Vasilyeva
26-09-2013 at 13:09
BelAZ presented the world's largest dump truck BelAZ-75710. This giant is capable of transporting up to 450 tons of rock, which is a record figure. In honor of this important achievement, we have compiled a ranking of the 10 largest dump trucks in the world.
BelAZ-75710
The BelAZ-75710 mining dump truck shown to the public recently claims to be the world's largest dump truck with a payload capacity of 450 tons. Belarusian manufacturers of this miracle of design thought have already sent a corresponding request to the Guinness Book of Records.
The dimensions of BelAZ-75710 are really amazing: 8.16 meters high, 9.87 meters wide and 20.6 meters long! And the total weight of the dump truck, together with the load, can reach 810 tons. The car is equipped with two diesel engines, the power of each of which is approximately equal to 2300 hp. Thanks to all-wheel drive and twin Michelin pneumatic wheels, the top speed of this giant is 64 km/h. Don't even think about fuel consumption.
XCMG DE400
This Chinese dump truck, introduced in the fall of 2012, is one of the widest in the world. The width of the machine is exactly 10 meters. The carrying capacity of the XCMG DE400 reaches 360 tons, which was one of the impressive figures before the advent of the BelAZ-75710.
The height of the XCMG DE400 is 7.63 m and the length is 15.92 m. The mining truck can reach speeds of up to 50 km/h.
Terex 33-19 Titan
This Canadian dump truck fully justifies its name. At the time of its release in 1974, it was the largest in the world. The truck had three axles and had a load capacity of 318 tons.
Titan was built in a single copy, because at that time the coal mining industry was going through hard times. In 1991, the dump truck ended its career in one of the Canadian coal mines. It was decided to scrap the truck. However, this barbaric idea was abandoned, and in 1993 the Titan was put on public display near the highway near the city of Sparwood.
Liebherr T284
The Liebherr T284 is one of the tallest mining trucks in the world. Its “height” is 8.3 meters, its width is 8.89 meters, and its length is 15.69 m. The total weight of the truck can reach 600 tons.
Bucyrus MT6300AC
The Bucyrus MT6300AC dump truck has been manufactured in the USA since 2008. True, until 2010 it was known under the name Terex Unit Rig MT6300AC. The truck is equipped with a 3750 hp V20 diesel engine.
Caterpillar797F
To date, the third generation Caterpillar 797 with the F index is the most big dump truck from this American manufacturer. The total mass of this giant can reach 623 tons.
Caterpillar797F production started in 2009. The rear-wheel drive dump truck is equipped with a powerful 106-liter V20 diesel engine. A ground clearance is an impressive 1.1 meters!
Komatsu 960E
Komatsu 960E is another representative of American engineering. At the moment, this dump truck is the largest in model range Komatsu America Corp.
The dump truck is equipped with a 3500 hp V18 engine. Despite the length of 15.6 and the height of more than 7.3 m, the Komatsu 960E is relatively convenient to operate due to the abundance of various auxiliary systems.
They don't belong in the city. They have no place on the track. They have no place on the roads at all. Because they have not yet created such roads along which mining dump trucks could easily move. Thousands of horsepower, tens of thousands of Newton meters of torque, hundreds of tons of dead weight - the permanent habitat of all this splendor is mines and open pit mining. And, despite the fact that the sector of application of auto monsters is very specific and limited, and the cost of each dump truck is several million dollars, the competition is very high. But unlike ordinary cars where the fight is for comfort, dynamic characteristics and design, here the most-most are determined by other parameters, the most important of which is the carrying capacity. So, individual representatives of heavy equipment are able to transport more than 350 tons of rock at a time! And even more than that, they do it every day, without interruption for weekends and holidays. And the car rests only in the event of a breakdown, planned Maintenance or on the way to a new job.
The giants are sent to the place of work in disassembled form - asphalt roads that could withstand their weight without consequences have not yet been invented. Cruel? Yes, it's cruel, but it's impossible. After buying a car, it must immediately work out the considerable costs of buying it, and every minute of downtime is very expensive for the owner. So huge giants work almost around the clock, crawling along the paths of mines and developments. If you look at this picture from the window of a helicopter or from an observation deck, then everything seems quite organic: narrow paths and ordinary trucks. You begin to realize the scale of what is happening only if you find yourself in close proximity.
And then the small paths turn into wide plateaus, on which giants are calmly moving about as high as a good two-story house, and almost ten meters wide, carrying in bodies along the small Everest. And from the height of human growth, which, by the way, is half the height of the wheel of a mining dump truck, you don’t have to think that “this one is a little smaller than that one”. And yet they differ. So, for example, the Japanese Komatsu 930E-3SE in the improvised four of the largest auto monsters can be put in fourth place.
4th place. Komatsu 930E-3SE.
Komatsu 930E-3SE - flagship Japanese manufacturer heavy equipment, the gross vehicle weight is 504 tons, and the engine power is 3,500 horsepower. A car with a length of just under 15.5 meters is capable of carrying up to 290 tons of cargo in its "womb". And its gross weight is neither more nor less than 500 tons! In order to move such a hulk from its place under the hood (in the figurative sense of the word) there is an 18-cylinder turbodiesel engine with a capacity of 3500 horsepower, which it develops at 1900 rpm. By the way, this power unit boasts not only high power and deadly torque, but also a considerable weight - 10 tons! And this figure does not seem completely fantastic, especially after you find out that 340 liters of engine oil “splash” in his wet sump lubrication system, and all 719 liters of antifreeze in the cooling system. Unlike conventional cars, where the engine flywheel is connected to the drive wheels through a gearbox, in mining dump trucks, the most popular is a different scheme. traction unit. The engine gives all its power mechanical transmission, and the alternator, which in turn feeds the traction motors.
The dimensions of the truck are really huge - in its body it can transport a medium-sized country house. By the way, electric motors are part of rear axle, which means that they are working samples of the notorious motor-wheels, which we can’t wait for in the passenger sector. Torque from electric motors is transmitted to giant wheels with landing diameter 63-inch tires not directly, but through compact gearboxes (so the volume of oil required for the operation of each gearbox is only 95 (!) Liters of the “transmission box”). With such a power unit, the maximum speed of the Komatsu 930E-3SE is 64.5 kilometers per hour, which is not at all small for such a colossus, and the problem here is not to disperse it, but how to stop it. This task is being worked on by a hybrid brake system, consisting of three subsystems: main, auxiliary and parking. The main system is hydraulic, multi-disc, with separate front and rear axle circuits and oil-cooled brake discs. The maximum pressure of the brake fluid in the circuit is 172 atmospheres, and during braking, the total friction surface area is almost 10 square meters! But even such a system cannot cope with the giant alone, so an auxiliary one, an electrodynamic braking system, is working to help it. During braking, the traction motors switch to generator mode, and all the electricity generated by them is converted into heat at the load resistors. The power dissipated by the resistors at the peak can be more than 4000 kilowatts! While the average value of this parameter is 2900 kilowatts. The parking brake system - with dry brake discs, is able to hold a fully loaded car on a 15% slope. Cylinder drive - mechanical spring, control - hydraulic.
3rd place. BelAZ 75600.
Almost domestic BelAZ 75600 consumes more than 500 liters per hour diesel fuel. Even more ore than the Komatsu 930E-3SE is able to transport BelAZ 75600 - a truck that is included in the elite class 300-ton dump trucks. Its maximum load capacity is 320 tons, and the total mass of the loaded vehicle is 560 tons. At the same time, its length is even less than that of the Japanese heavyweight - only 14.9 meters. As power unit BelAZ uses an 18-cylinder V-shaped Cummins QSK78-C turbodiesel with a volume of 77.6 liters. Rated engine power - 3546 horsepower, torque - 13771 Nm. The scheme of the power plant is combined with an alternating current generator and two Siemens traction motors with a capacity of 1200 kilowatts each. The maximum speed of the car is 64 km/h. By the way, the average fuel consumption per hour for such a colossus fluctuates around 500-550 liters of diesel fuel per hour, so a standard 4375-liter tank is enough just for a work shift.
The BelAZ 75600 uses a combined hydraulic system, which includes a platform tipping mechanism, brake system and steering. The whole thing is driven by an axial-piston two-section variable displacement pump. The total volume of the hydraulic system is 600 liters of oil, the pressure in the working circuit is 165 atmospheres. Steering at BelAZ with an emergency circuit - in the event of a failure of the main system or an engine stop, pneumohydraulic accumulators come into operation, the energy reserve of which is enough to make a couple of maneuvers. Suspension - fully dependent, front mounted 2 oil dampers with gas pressure, one at a time at the rear. The shock absorbers are distinguished by ultra-small piston strokes: for the front axle 200 mm, for the rear 170 mm. By the way, in terms of the formation of the list additional options, mining dump trucks are no different from cars, of course, adjusted for specifics. So for BelAZ 75600, you can additionally order an air conditioner, additional heater, a tire pressure monitoring system and even heated rear-view mirrors! In addition, a dump truck can be equipped with very specific options, which is worth one warning system about approaching high-voltage lines or a vehicle loading control system.
2nd place. Caterpillar 797B.
The Caterpillar 797B is by design an ordinary truck, except perhaps a very large one. The representative of the most famous manufacturer of heavy equipment, Caterpillar 797B, deservedly settled in second place. Giant with gross weight almost 624 tons, able to take on board 345 tons cargo. At the same time, it has a rather exotic design for mining dump trucks. Although, if you look from the usual automotive point of view, the Caterpillar 797B is built according to traditional, even rather classical canons: a rear-wheel drive car with front-wheel steering, a turbodiesel engine and a hydromechanical transmission.
The power unit of the Caterpillar 797B is amazing: 24 cylinders, 117 liters of displacement, 3550 horsepower and 16,000 Nm of torque! In front of the dump truck there is a huge 24-cylinder engine with a working volume of 117 liters! In order to create such an engine, the engineers actually had to take two Cat 3512B twelve-cylinder engines and combine them together. Despite the large volume, the engine power is only 4 horsepower more than BelAZ. The manufacturer promises to compensate such "stinginess" increased resource engine, and it was for this purpose that they were limited maximum speed. But the torque here is really a record: more than 16,000 Nm! From the engine, torque is transmitted through a short cardan shaft to the largest gearbox in the world! Hydromechanical planetary box has 7 steps and is controlled by a computer.
In general, the Caterpillar 797B is rightfully considered one of the most electronically loaded mining trucks. The central unit controls hundreds of parameters and, depending on external conditions, corrects the operation of the engine, transmission and braking system. So during the start of a loaded dump truck or climbing uphill, the system briefly increases the torque by 22% of the nominal value and selects the optimal moments for shifting gears, and during braking it prevents the wheels from locking and the car moving off the path.
The love of Americans for “automatic machines” and volumetric engines made itself felt in heavy equipment - the Caterpillar 797B boasts the largest transmission and the largest engine. What really had to work hard on was the braking system. If the competitors, the main part of the work is taken over by electrodynamic brakes, then here the entire load falls on the hydraulics. In order to guarantee a fully loaded car to stop, the total working area of the brake discs had to be increased to 33 square meters - more than three times more than that of the same Komatsu. In addition, the brakes have a powerful oil cooling system and a reserve circuit with a hydraulic lock - as soon as the pressure in the circuit drops - brake cylinders the force of the spring stops the car.
Two pedals, steering wheel, automatic selector - workplace the driver is quite mediocre. By the way, the Caterpillar 797B boasts several records: the largest engine - 117 liters of displacement and 24 cylinders; the largest transmission, the largest maximum speed - almost 68 km / h; the most spacious fuel tank- 6800 liters. But still, it prevents him from taking the first place ...
1 place. Liebherr-T282B.
The eighth wonder of the world. That's what they called the Liebherr-T282B during the premiere, at a construction exhibition in Germany. 363 tons. More cargo than the Liebherr-T282B cannot yet be taken on board by any truck in the world. At the same time, its curb weight is 50 tons less than that of the Caterpillar 797B - 230 tons versus 280 for the American. It is by the ability to transport as much as possible more cargo with the lowest own weight, the perfection of the design is evaluated, and in this parameter the Liebherr-T282B surpasses all its competitors. The car can be equipped with two engines: either an 18-cylinder Cummins QSK 78 (as in BelAZ 75600) weighing 11,300 kilograms, or a lighter and more powerful Detroit Diesel 20 with a volume of 90 liters and a capacity of 3650 l / s. The scheme of the power plant is classic for mining trucks - the engine drives the alternator, and the traction force is Siemens electric motors. 
A 20-cylinder engine with an alternator is located above the front wheels, traction motors - instead of the rear axle. Brakes are hybrid. The electrodynamic braking system takes over the main work, turning the traction electric motors into generators, which in turn extinguish the generated energy on special resistors. Hydraulics work to help them. disc brakes: one by one brake disc on the front wheels and a pair on the rear. Unlike other dump trucks, where one hydraulic system serves, steering, brakes and tipping system, here the first two systems are equipped with their own independent circuit with a volume of 1060 liters with a backup hydraulic accumulator.
For liquid crystal dashboard, in addition to technical data, an image from video cameras located along the perimeter of the body can be displayed. Driving such a colossus is not easy at all, and a driver’s mistake can be really expensive, so everything has been done in the car in order to make it easier for the driver to work shift. In the cabin, well protected from external noise and dust, the pedals and steering wheel are in their usual places, and in front of the driver's eyes is a progressive liquid crystal instrument panel. An air conditioner with a powerful air filtration system saves the driver from the heat, a no less powerful stove from the cold, and a modern audio system from boredom, and the realization that the largest car in the world obeys your hands.
Cars are one of the most familiar things in the modern world. Among them there are both small nimble cars and real giants capable of lifting a whole mountain. Below is a rating of metal monsters with the greatest opportunities for loading various materials.
1 place
BelAZ 75710. This dump truck appeared on the domestic market quite recently. Its carrying capacity is a record 450 tons - it's hard to even imagine such power. This machine, when fully loaded, is capable of moving at a speed of 64 km / h. The truck is mainly used for the removal of hard rock from large quarries. A giant was made in Belarus and is already actively used in the mining industry.
2nd place 
Liebherr T 282 B. This dump truck is a little older than BelAZ, which is why it is inferior to it in the first load rating. It is capable of transporting blocks of stone weighing up to 363 tons, while moving at a speed of 64 km / h. main feature so powerful truck- off-road is not a particular hindrance for him, which, in fact, is valuable for career development. The dump truck was released in 2008 and still holds its position as one of the most big machines on the ground.
3rd place 
XCMG DE 400 . The representative of the second place was able to overtake the XC MG DE 400 by only three tons - the load capacity of this dump truck is 360 tons. At the same time, he works in complex weather conditions and develops a speed of up to 63 km / h. A very reliable dump truck that continues to enjoy steady popularity in the industrial environment, despite its rather respectable age.
4th place 
BelAZ 7500. Another giant of the Belarusian brand has taken a very worthy place in the ranking of mining dump trucks. Its carrying capacity of 325 tons is also a very solid indicator. Surprisingly, its own weight is almost half the weight of the load that this dump truck is capable of transporting. The truck moves at the same speed as the previous representative of the dump truck family, which closes the top three.
5th place 
This dump truck has a load capacity of 320 tons. It easily copes with the complexity of off-road equipped with a very powerful engine- it is thanks to this that the truck develops a speed of 62 km / h - a very good indicator for such a giant.
6th place 
Liebherr T 284 . The sixth place in the ranking is occupied by a German dump truck capable of carrying a load of 300 tons. It is equipped with a very good engine, which allows, when fully loaded, to reach speeds of up to 62 km / h. This monster is designed to work in large open pits and in all weather conditions.
7th place 
. An outstanding dump truck with the ability to carry 295 tons of cargo. The maximum developed speed is 60 km / h, which makes it possible to quickly cope with the transportation of any materials.
8th place 
Caterpillar 797 F . Against the background of other monsters, this machine does not differ in large dimensions, however, the average size does not prevent it from lifting loads weighing up to 293 tons. The small size is beneficial, allowing the truck to develop a very decent speed. The Cat, as it is commonly known, is one of the most popular haul trucks in the quarry industry because of these powerful features.
9th place 
The dump truck can easily transport 290 tons and at the same time not burn a lot of fuel, which often becomes a decisive factor when choosing special equipment for excavations. Due to its size, it is able to work not only in open pits, but also in underground mines. Komatsu 960E is the representative of the most compact trucks in the world.
10th place 
Komatsu 930 E . Another compact representative of this brand. Its load capacity is "only" 280 tons, and that is why the dump truck closes the top ten. It, like all representatives of this brand, is most often used for cargo transportation in enclosed spaces.
