The car has long been considered not only as a means of transportation, at the present time it has become an integral part of civilization. That is why the types of car production have become so diverse, offering cars with all sorts of equipment designed to meet the most diverse needs of customers. In the modern car market, there is a huge variety of models that differ in body type, all varieties of which are unlikely to be able to name even the most advanced motorist.
The main purposes of the car body
In the field of mechanical engineering, over the past couple of decades, it has been developed and released a large number of modifications of motor vehicle bodies, among which, according to the most modest estimates of experts, only types passenger cars There are more than 15 types of mobiles by body type. And here the question is brewing: why do we need so many body types? If you had to buy a car, then in the salon the consultant will ask for what purposes the transport is needed, do you have a large family, in what area do you plan to travel? In other words, it will reveal your needs, and people associated with vehicles actually have a lot of them. Thus the body modern car is able to meet different requirements of consumers: the capacity of the cabin and trunk, the shape and height of the car, individual functional features.
Modern and their classification
The mass automotive industry dates back to the 20th century. The first models were more like an open wagon, which was not driven by horses, but by an internal combustion engine.
With the growing demand for self-propelled vehicles, the production technology was being finalized, the manufacturers had the goal of producing types of vehicles that could not only transport people, but also provide protection and comfort to passengers. This is how closed bodies appeared, inside which people were protected from negative influences. weather conditions(rain, snow, wind, sun, cold).
At the present stage, the classification of bodies is carried out depending on many criteria:
- Purpose (bodies of passenger, cargo-passenger and passenger cars).
- According to the degree of workload.
- By layout.
- By design features(open, closed bodies).
Body types by layout
This classification criterion divides the bodies according to the number of visually visible volumes (parts) of the car silhouette:
- One-volume bodies suggest the location of passengers, engine and possible cargo in one visually integral part.
- In two-volume bodies, the engine is located in one part of the structure (under the hood), and passengers and cargo are in the other (cabin)
- The three-volume body consists of a hood, under which there is an internal combustion engine, a passenger compartment, and a separate compartment for luggage (trunk).
Bodies according to the degree of load
Car bodies may be structurally different depending on the expected degree of load on them:
- have many common ones (including VAZ). The exception is premium cars. Functional feature of this body type is that all weight loads belong to the body part.
- The semi-supporting body is applicable for the production of buses in which the load is distributed between the body and the frame.
- The unloaded body is mounted on the frame using special rubber pads. Such a body takes on the load only from the transported people and goods.
Types of cars with an open body
The category of open-top cars includes several models, including not only the world-famous convertible, but also a roadster, brogue, targa, phaeton, spider and others. Let's describe the most common:
Category of passenger cars with a closed body type
The main types of cars by type of closed body are as follows:
Truck bodies
World automakers produce not only passenger types of cars, trucks by body type, there is also a huge variety today. Trucks differ primarily from cars in that the former have without fail a frame is provided, which takes on part of the load.
In its quest for perfect forms and their filling, automakers periodically create new types of car bodies. In addition to the simple variety of forms for model range, these types of structures will perform practical tasks. After all, the models differ in clearance, roof shape, number of seats for passengers and other characteristics. All this leaves an imprint on the operating conditions.
Often, the development of one auto giant is adopted by other automakers. Thus, certain standards are formed in the industry, which later acquire their recognizable features by consumers. However, there are also unsuccessful models that are either forgotten or reborn in an updated image after some modifications.
General classification
In addition to specific distinctive features exist general views car bodies. They are usually divided into three-volume, two-volume and one-volume modifications.
- Single-volume structures are characterized by the absence of significantly protruding overall dimensions trunk and hood. Engineers love this type of body for a considerable number of possible transformations of the cabin space. The luggage compartment is almost combined with the cabin. Typical representatives of this layout option are minivans.
- In double layouts engine compartment moved forward into engine compartment, and there is no protruding luggage space at the rear. There is a door that opens with glass, not a trunk lid. You can find out the two-volume in the station wagon.
- The three-volume body includes, in addition to the interior, a clearly protruding trunk and a remote engine compartment. The design has significant restrictions on the transformation of the interior and luggage space, although a large number of three-volume sedans travel on domestic and foreign roads.
According to the degree of loading, cars are divided into cars with load-bearing body, semi-supporting and with a frame structure.
Popular types of car bodies
Consider the most common body types on our roads cars with a photo for each of the varieties.
Sedan
Today, widespread among motorists have received vehicles with body type sedan. These cars have two rows of seats and four doors. At the rear there is an isolated luggage compartment space closed by a horizontal lid.
This type of body provides advantages to a greater extent for passengers. carry in it oversized cargo would be quite problematic. The habitat of sedans are city streets and country roads. Relatively low ground clearance will not make it possible to conquer off-road. Also, parking for a sedan will be more problematic at first than for a hatchback or station wagon, the dimensions of which young drivers feel easier.
IN different countries the classification of passenger cars by body type may have differences in names. For example, sedans in some European countries have their names:
- France - Berlin;
- Italy - Berlina;
- England - Saloon.
The advantages of this type of body include the fact that the car does not need an additional wiper to rear window, as well as in the cabin there is less noise from the trunk than that of the hatchback and station wagon.
coupe
A three-volume car with two doors has an appearance similar to a sedan. The difference also lies in the presence of two seats in the vehicle. However, there are versions with a 2 + 2 arrangement, but the second row is quite narrow and is not intended for long trips. The dimensions of both doors are increased, which adds comfort to the driver and front passenger.
Cars of this type are often equipped with more powerful engines than sedans. average cost they are also slightly higher. Since the buyers of such a vehicle are often young people who prefer to operate cars on good roads with high speed modes, then the suspension is set more rigid, ground clearance designers underestimated, and increased body rigidity.
hatchback
The main advantage of this arrangement is compactness. The overall parameters of this type of car are smaller than those of popular sedans and station wagons. This provides easier maneuverability for the driver, especially when parking. At the same time, the design of the trunk suffers, which remains not too voluminous. There are three- and five-door cars of this design.
The minimum number of front and rear overhangs makes the design indispensable when approaching curbs or other low restrictions. Most often, these cars are produced in budget class. For positive qualities, the hatchback is loved by young drivers and the fairer sex.
liftback
The hybrid liftback design visually resembles a sedan when the rear window angle is maintained and there is a structural protruding horizontal like sedans on the trunk lid. But upon opening tailgate both the glass and the whole door rise together.
The difference between him and the sedan gives rear wiper. The design took over the advantages from both of its "parents": a huge opening for loading luggage like a hatchback and spacious trunk like a sedan.
station wagon
Automakers produce similar designs on the same platform as sedans, so they often have the same length. The difference lies in the extended roof for the station wagon and the presence of a vertical tailgate. This arrangement maximizes the amount of usable space in the trunk.
station wagon
The practical design has proved its usefulness in everyday life. If you need to move a large refrigerator or washing machine, then all the charms of this car body will become noticeable. In this case, all doors will be closed.
crossover
Station wagon or hatchback, planted on a base with high ground clearance and more powerful motor, will give an idea of modern crossovers. Appeared in the second half of the 90s, they are actively gaining popularity among modern drivers.
crossover
Cars have more comfort than SUVs and are capable of delivering excellent power characteristics on the track. Sometimes they are called "SUVs", probably for their deceptive off-road appearance.
SUV
By design, SUVs are mostly station wagons, but due to such characteristics as high ground clearance, high permeability, the presence of all-wheel drive, increased power, significant overall parameters they are usually placed in a separate category.
SUV
Most of the SUVs have frame structure and clearance from 200 mm. The length of the car in narrow city streets and limited parking places creates difficulties for urban conditions. Also, most of the nodes are not designed for high-speed loads for country roads. Their average cost is higher than crossovers.
Compact SUVs come with three doors, while full-size SUVs have five doors. In some models, engineers include a third row of seats. You will have to pay for spaciousness and patency increased consumption fuel and weak stability during sharp turns.
Minivan
These cars in European or North American countries are called family cars. Their capacity exceeds station wagons similar to it in design. The structural possibility of installing a third row of seats in these cars is widely used. At the same time, engineers provide for the possibility of folding the back rows into a “flat floor”, which gives great advantage when transporting goods compared to other bodies.
The side door is usually made not hinged, but sliding along the body. The driver is provided with a high seating position with good overview which improves driving safety. In urban conditions, a minivan will not be very convenient, but both the driver and passengers on long trips will appreciate it.
The disadvantage is the high center of gravity, which will require careful handling of the machine during sharp maneuvers.
Pickup
A mixture of a passenger car and a small truck is called a pickup truck. Open luggage compartment with hard sides is a characteristic feature of these cars. This body model is very popular in the North American continent. The insulated comfort cab makes driving enjoyable. Often it has two full rows with two or four doors.
The designers provided back suspensions are not standard springs for passenger cars, but more powerful springs. All-wheel drive cars cross-country ability easily compete with off-road vehicles. To protect the cargo, special covers or covers made of dense material are usually provided.
Convertible, roadster
Open top cars are more popular in countries with hot climates. Although for cool weather you can pick up a convertible with a folding roof. This car has two rows of seats, but the second is usually narrower, like a coupe.
The roadster has a similar body structure, but these cars are produced exclusively with one row of seats. Speed characteristics cars with folding roofs make it possible to experience the delights of driving on country roads.
Limousine
Weak body model for practical purposes. More often performs a decorative or representative mission. Uncomfortable on small city streets long car differs in that it has a glass partition that separates the driver's area from the rest of the cabin.
The model can be produced at the factory as self auto or as an extended version of any sedan, SUV or hatchback. The car has a low rigidity of the body and very poor maneuverability.
Van
Most vans have one row of seats, behind which is a cargo compartment closed on all sides by the auto body without side windows. Often the glass is in the back door. positive qualities The equipment of the machine is high load capacity, sufficient capacity, cargo protection from external factors.
Conclusion
IN modern models clear boundaries between body types are gradually being erased. Automakers are mixing styles and abolishing the conventions that define a car. The result is ever more comfortable vehicles for consumers.
In their pursuit of perfect forms and their content, automakers periodically create new types of car bodies. In addition to the simple variety of shapes for the range, these types of structures will fulfill practical tasks. After all, the models differ in clearance, roof shape, number of seats for passengers and other characteristics. All this leaves an imprint on the operating conditions.
Often, the development of one auto giant is adopted by other automakers. Thus, certain standards are formed in the industry, which later acquire their recognizable features by consumers. However, there are also unsuccessful models that are either forgotten or reborn in an updated image after some modifications.
General classification
In addition to specific distinctive features, there are general types of car bodies. They are usually divided into three-volume, two-volume and one-volume modifications.
- Single-volume structures are characterized by the absence of significantly protruding from the overall dimensions of the trunk and hood. Engineers love this type of body for a considerable number of possible transformations of the cabin space. The luggage compartment is almost combined with the cabin. Typical representatives of this layout option are minivans.
- In two-volume layouts, the engine compartment is moved forward into the engine compartment, and there is no protruding luggage volume at the back. There is a door that opens with glass, not a trunk lid. You can find out the two-volume in the station wagon.
- The three-volume body includes, in addition to the interior, a clearly protruding trunk and a remote engine compartment. The design has significant restrictions on the transformation of the interior and luggage space, although a large number of three-volume sedans travel on domestic and foreign roads.
According to the degree of loading, cars are divided into cars with a load-bearing body, semi-bearing and with a frame structure.
Popular types of car bodies
Consider the most common car body types on our roads with a photo for each of the varieties.
Sedan
Today, vehicles with a sedan body type have become widespread among motorists. These cars have two rows of seats and four doors. At the rear there is an isolated luggage compartment space closed by a horizontal lid.
This type of body provides advantages to a greater extent for passengers. Carrying large cargo in it will be quite problematic. The habitat of sedans are city streets and country roads. Relatively low ground clearance will not make it possible to conquer off-road. Also, parking for a sedan will be more problematic at first than for a hatchback or station wagon, the dimensions of which young drivers feel easier.
In different countries, the classification of passenger cars by body type may have different names. For example, sedans in some European countries have their own names:
- France - Berlin;
- Italy - Berlina;
- England - Saloon.
The advantages of this type of body include the fact that the car does not need an additional wiper for the rear window, and there is less noise from the trunk side in the cabin than that of a hatchback and station wagon.
coupe
A three-volume car with two doors has an appearance similar to a sedan. The difference also lies in the presence of two seats in the vehicle. However, there are versions with a 2 + 2 arrangement, but the second row is quite narrow and not intended for long trips. The dimensions of both doors are increased, which adds comfort to the driver and front passenger.
Cars of this type are often equipped with more powerful engines than sedans. Their average cost is also slightly higher. Since the buyers of such a vehicle are often young people who prefer to operate the car on good roads with high speed limits, the suspension is set more rigid, the ground clearance is lowered by the designers, and the body rigidity is increased.
hatchback
The main advantage of this arrangement is compactness. The overall parameters of this type of car are smaller than those of popular sedans and station wagons. This provides easier maneuverability for the driver, especially when parking. At the same time, the design of the trunk suffers, which remains not too voluminous. There are three- and five-door cars of this design.
The minimum number of front and rear overhangs makes the design indispensable when approaching curbs or other low restrictions. Most often, these cars are produced in the budget class. For positive qualities, the hatchback is loved by young drivers and the fairer sex.
liftback
The hybrid liftback design visually resembles a sedan when the rear window angle is maintained and there is a structural protruding horizontal like sedans on the trunk lid. But when you open the back door, both the glass and the entire door go up.
The difference between it and the sedan is given by the rear wiper. The design adopted the advantages from both of its “parents”: a huge opening for loading luggage like a hatchback and a spacious trunk like a sedan.
station wagon
Automakers produce similar designs on the same platform as sedans, so they often have the same length. The difference lies in the extended roof for the station wagon and the presence of a vertical tailgate. This arrangement maximizes the amount of usable space in the trunk.
station wagon
The practical design has proved its usefulness in everyday life. If you need to transfer a large refrigerator or washing machine, then all the charms of this car body will become noticeable. In this case, all doors will be closed.
crossover
Station wagon or hatchback, planted on a base with high ground clearance and a more powerful engine, will give an idea of modern crossovers. Appeared in the second half of the 90s, they are actively gaining popularity among modern drivers.
crossover
Cars have more comfort than SUVs and are capable of delivering excellent power characteristics on the track. Sometimes they are called "SUVs", probably for their deceptive off-road appearance.
SUV
By design, SUVs are for the most part generalists, but due to such characteristics as high ground clearance, high cross-country ability, all-wheel drive, increased power, and significant overall parameters, they are usually separated into a separate category.
SUV
Most of the SUVs have a frame structure and a clearance of 200 mm. The length of the car in narrow city streets and limited parking places creates difficulties for urban conditions. Also, most of the nodes are not designed for high-speed loads for country roads. Their average cost is higher than crossovers.
Compact SUVs come with three doors, while full-size SUVs have five doors. In some models, engineers include a third row of seats. For spaciousness and patency, you will have to pay with increased fuel consumption and poor stability during sharp turns.
Minivan
These cars in European or North American countries are called family cars. Their capacity exceeds station wagons similar to it in design. The structural possibility of installing a third row of seats in these cars is widely used. At the same time, engineers provide for the possibility of folding the rear rows into a “flat floor”, which gives a great advantage when transporting goods compared to other bodies.
The side door is usually made not hinged, but sliding along the body. The driver is provided with a high seating position with good visibility, which increases driving safety. In urban conditions, a minivan will not be very convenient, but both the driver and passengers on long trips will appreciate it.
The disadvantage is the high center of gravity, which will require careful handling of the machine during sharp maneuvers.
Pickup
A mixture of a passenger car and a small truck is called a pickup truck. An open luggage compartment with hard sides is a characteristic feature of these cars. This body model is very popular in the North American continent. The insulated comfort cab makes driving enjoyable. Often it has two full rows with two or four doors.
The designers provided the rear of the suspension with springs that are not standard for passenger cars, but with more powerful springs. All-wheel drive cars in cross-country ability easily compete with SUVs. To protect the cargo, special covers or covers made of dense material are usually provided.
Convertible, roadster
Open top cars are more popular in countries with hot climates. Although for cool weather you can pick up a convertible with a folding roof. This car has two rows of seats, but the second is usually narrower, like a coupe.
The roadster has a similar body structure, but these cars are produced exclusively with one row of seats. The speed characteristics of a car with folding roofs make it possible to experience the delights of driving on country roads.
Limousine
Weak body model for practical purposes. More often performs a decorative or representative mission. Inconvenient on small city streets, a long car is distinguished by the fact that it has a glass partition that separates the driver's area from the rest of the cabin.
The model can be produced at the factory as an independent car or as an extended version of any sedan, SUV or hatchback. The car has a low rigidity of the body and very poor maneuverability.
Van
Most vans have one row of seats, behind which is a cargo compartment closed on all sides by the auto body without side windows. Often the glass is in the back door. The positive qualities of the machine configuration are high load capacity, sufficient capacity, cargo protection from external factors.
Conclusion
In modern models, clear boundaries between body types are gradually being erased. Automakers are mixing styles and abolishing the conventions that define a car. The result is ever more comfortable vehicles for consumers.
Today, a rare motorist will be able to describe or at least list all existing types car bodies, as automakers offer more than two dozen of them. But let's try.
The standard classification of passenger car body types proposes to separate them according to their purpose and roof structure. According to the purpose, the bodies of passenger cars are divided into cargo-passenger and passenger, and according to the design features of the roof - into closed bodies, open and combined.
Types of car bodies closed
Fixed-roof vehicles are called closed cars, and today there are nine main types of their bodies: sedan, coupe, hardtop, fastback, hatchback (or combi), station wagon, limousine, van and wagon (or monocab). Let's see what they are.
Car body type sedan
A sedan is a three-volume body type, passenger, having two, four or six doors and two or three rows of seats. Three-volume means that in a sedan body design, the volumes of space occupied by the passenger compartment, trunk and engine compartment are isolated from each other.
Car body type hatchback (combi)
A hatchback or combi is a two-volume cargo-passenger body type of a car (the volumes of space occupied by the passenger compartment and the trunk are combined). The combi body has two or four side doors and one rear cargo door. That is, the total number of doors can be either three or five.
In the cabin hatchback body two rows of seats, but the second row, as well as the shelf located behind it, can be folded or removed completely, and, thereby, significantly increase cargo volume car.
The hatchback's roofline can either slope back smoothly or shorten dramatically at the rear.
Fastback body
Fastback is a passenger body type. It has two or four side doors and two rows of seats. There is no rear door in the fastback body type.
The fastback trunk is isolated from the passenger compartment and occupies the space from the lower edge of the rear window to the floor. Outside, it is closed with a regular lid. The fastback roof has a smooth sloping shape.
Coupe car body type
The body type of the coupe differs from the rest in the presence of only two doors and two rows of seats, and the second row is often called "children's" because of its cramped seating conditions. The trunk of a coupe body is usually isolated from the passenger compartment; this type of body does not have a rear door.
Body type hardtop
The main difference between the hardtop body is the absence of a central side pillar. A hardtop can have two side doors (and then it's a hardtop coupe) or four (hardtop sedan). The interior of the hardtop body is equipped with two rows of seats.
Type of car body station wagon
Station wagon is a cargo-passenger body type. May have two, four or even six side doors. The trunk space is combined with the passenger compartment, two or three rows of seats are placed in the cabin, and the second and third rows can be folded or dismantled, thereby increasing the amount of luggage space.
body type limousine
A limousine is an exclusively passenger body with four or even six side doors. Inside the limousine cabin there are two or three rows of seats and a mandatory glass partition between the passenger compartment and the driver's seat. Characteristic difference limousine bodies from other types - its elongation and the presence of third-row side windows
Van body
A van is a cargo-passenger body, exclusively two-volume, with one or two rows of seats. The second row is usually characterized by tightness of the landing area.
Body type of passenger cars wagon or one-volume
The wagon body is a cargo-passenger body type. It can have one, two or three pairs of side doors and two or three rows of seats. Rear end wagon body made the same as the station wagon, but accommodates more seats and provides more possibilities for their transformation.
Car enthusiasts often speak in a language incomprehensible to an amateur. They have their own "troubles" and, as a rule, incomprehensible slang for many. And to be as if in another world among people, "excitedly" discussing the next automotive history or collectively problem solving someone's breakdown iron horse, cozy far away few.
Naturally, not everyone gets into the company of ardent car fans and not at every turn. But there are moments when people get lost in the seemingly very basics of automotive theory. We will conduct an educational program on one of these points.
So, you must have heard a lot about the fact that there are sedan, hatchback, station wagon, cabriolet cars ... maybe you can name a couple more, but not everyone is able to describe them all with confidence and accuracy. And even if I'm wrong here, then I'm still almost sure that you won't be able to name 10 car body types. By the way, this is not at all surprising, because in life many of them we may not even meet. But it's still worth knowing that they exist.
Therefore, let's look at what types of car bodies exist today.
So, the classification of cars by body type.
1. Sedan.
One of the most popular types of closed body with two rows of seats. The trunk in such a car is structurally separated from the passenger compartment and does not have an opening door in the rear wall. The sedan can be found with both four doors and two (Volga; Zhiguli 1,3,5,7th models; Zaporozhets; Volkswagen Polo, Jetta; Peugeot 406, 607, BMW 3, 5, 7 series; Audi 80, A4, A6; Opel Vectra, etc.).
2. Station wagon.
If the body cover of the sedan is extended to its rear bumper, while making the hatch in its rear part openable, then the sedan will just turn out to be a station wagon, which is most often chosen by those who need large trunk or a place for the transportation of certain goods.
The station wagon most often has 2 rows of seats (VAZ-2102,2104), but sometimes you can also find 3 (Volga GAZ-24). At the same time, a car with this type of body (Volkswagen Passat, Golf; Opel Astra, Vectra; Citroen Khantia, Fort Escort; Peugeot 307, etc.) will be 10 percent more expensive than its sedan counterpart.
3. Van.
Outwardly, this body may resemble a station wagon, but at the same time it will lack side doors and windows (“Moskvich” -412 “heeled”; Volkswagen Transporter, Grafter, Cady; Peugeot Boxer; Ford Transit Custom, etc.).
4. Hatchback.
A car with this body will be able to cope with the tasks of a station wagon for transporting luggage, but at the same time it will remain smaller and more attractive.
The hatchback (Toyota Yaris; Opel Astra; Peugeot 206; Kia Kid, etc.) has an open rear hatch and a short rear overhang. It can be both three-door (VAZ-2108) and five-door (VAZ-2109). In this case, the rear hatch is taken into account as a door.
5. Coupe.
Coupe - closed body a car with 2 doors and two rows of seats (Honda Civic, Ford Mustang, Audi A5, Fiat Coupe, etc.). At the same time, the front row has a normal appearance, and the rear row, due to the falling roof, is decently narrow and, in practice, uncomfortable for an adult. For this, the coupe is often referred to as "2 + 2", i.e. two adults and two children.
I note that in such a car it is very convenient to just go to work, but without fellow travelers. And for a family, of course, it will be more comfortable to buy a car with a sedan or station wagon body type.
6. Phaeton.
Body type with two rows of seats, as well as a soft folding top in the absence of side windows. For travel to bad weather instead of the latter, celluloid sidewalls are fastened to the car.
With us, most likely, you will not be able to meet a similar car, but in the West at one time cars of this kind were very popular.
7. Roadster.
This type of car body is distinguished by one row of seats and a soft opening top. You can meet him (for example, Smart Roadster) only in a country with a hot climate.
8. Convertible.
It has an open view: the soft roof of the car easily folds back, while the windows and door frames remain motionless. Unlike the phaeton, given type the body has a load-bearing structure thanks to rigid door frames.
Examples of convertibles: Pobeda, Opel Cascada, Audi A3, BMW 2 and 4 series, Ford Mustang, etc.
9. Limousine.
This type of body, as a rule, have cars upper class. It is characterized by:
- a rigid partition between the driver and passengers,
- at least two rows of seats;
- and long design.
Examples: "Seagull" ZIS-110, Mercedes-Benz W100, etc.
10. Pickup.
A body having a cropped rear end designed to carry passengers and cargo. This is something similar either to a small truck, or to a large passenger car.
Examples: Nissan Navara, Titan, Dodge Ram, Ford F-150, etc.
11. Minivan.
Can be described as a "universal with increased capacity", which includes a maximum payload("Austin-mini", Volkswagen Multivan, Sharan, Caddy, Opel Meriva, Zafira, etc.).
The minivan has 3 rows of seats with a more upright position (than the same station wagon).
12. Crossover.
Body type, which includes in its characteristics a high seating position, high ground clearance and a high ceiling. Such cars (Kia Sportage, Volkswagen Tiguan, BMW X5, Toyota Rav 4, etc.) usually have four-wheel drive, but they are not intended for difficult places. For this, the people call him "SUV".
13. Liftback.
The body type, which has a rear overhang, is about the same as a car with a sedan body type, but its rear hatch rises like a hatchback.
Examples: Volkswagen Golf, Toyota Yaris, Citroen C5, Fiat Stilo, Opel Astra, etc.
14. Fastback.
This is the so-called "mixture" of body types. The fastback has a sloping roof, a rear hatch similar to a hatchback, but without a door in the rear wall and with a fixed rear window.
Examples: Fort Mustang Fastback, Honda Civic Fastback, etc.
